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Schulz C, Conrad A, Becker K, Kolossa-Gehring M, Seiwert M, Seifert B. Twenty years of the German Environmental Survey (GerES): Human biomonitoring – Temporal and spatial (West Germany/East Germany) differences in population exposure. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2007; 210:271-97. [PMID: 17347043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2007.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The German Environmental Surveys (GerESs) are nationwide population studies, which have repeatedly been carried out in Germany since the mid-1980s. The subjects were representatively selected from the regional registration offices with regard to age, gender and community size. The first survey for adults (GerES I) was carried out in 1985/1986 (West Germany) followed by GerES IIa in 1990/1991 (West Germany) and GerES IIb in 1991/1992 (East Germany). In GerES II children were also included to some extent. In 1998, the third GerES for adults was conducted in both parts of Germany (GerES III). The current survey 2003/2006 (GerES IV) is focussing exclusively on children. A 1-year pilot study was conducted in 2001-2002 to collect information on parameters influencing the response rate and to test the suitability of the different instruments intended to be used for the main study. The main goal of the surveys is to analyse and document the extent, distribution and determinants of exposure to environmental pollutants of the German general population. Three main instruments of investigation were comprised in GerES: human biomonitoring (HBM), monitoring of the domestic environment, and collecting information on exposure pathways and living conditions via questionnaires. This paper is focussed on the general design of the GerESs, the trend over time and spatial differences (West Germany and East Germany) for HBM data on arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, pentachlorophenol (PCP), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). These substances have been determined in blood and/or morning urine of adults and children. All GerESs have been conducted in close connection with the National Health Interview and Examination Surveys performed by the Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin.
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Schulz C, Wolf U, Becker K, Conrad A, Hünken A, Lüdecke A, Müssig-Zufika M, Riedel S, Seiffert I, Seiwert M, Kolossa-Gehring M. Kinder-Umwelt-Survey (KUS) im Rahmen des Kinder- und Jugendgesundheitssurveys (KiGGS). Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2007; 50:889-94. [PMID: 17514475 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-007-0252-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The German Environmental Survey for Children (GerES IV) is the environment-related module of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) of the Robert Koch Institute and the fourth GerES of the Federal Environment Agency. The main objective of GerESs is to analyse and document the extent, distribution and determinants of exposure to environmental pollutants of the German general population. GerES IV was performed from 2003 to 2006. A total of 1.790 children aged 3-14 years from 150 sampling locations participated in GerES IV. Samples of blood, urine, tap water, house dust and indoor air were analysed. Hearing tests, measurements of traffic noise and interviews to get exposure-related information were conducted. First results indicate a clear decrease of the exposure to arsenic, lead and mercury. Cotinine concentrations in urine can be used to classify the exposure of children to environmental tobacco smoke. The examination of the tap water used in the subjects' households indicates that in some households the guideline values of the German Drinking Water Ordinance were not always met. This is the case for nickel, copper and lead which are used as pipe material for domestic plumbing.
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178
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Scholz T, Schulz C, Klose S, Lehnert H. Diagnostic Management of Benign and Malignant Pheochromocytoma. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2007; 115:155-9. [PMID: 17427102 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-970410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
As rare and thus often overlooked hormone-secreting tumors, pheochromocytomas pose a particular diagnostic challenge. Difficulties involve biochemical confirmation, localizing, and detection of malignancy. Measurement of free plasma metanephrines, genetic testing and specific imaging procedures--such as MIBG and octreotide scintigraphy or fluorodopamine PET--represent a considerable progress, and the management of benign pheochromocytomas has become very effective. However, a comparable improvement in the prognosis of malignant chromaffin cell tumors, which occur in approximately 10-15% of all cases, has not yet been achieved. Here, telomerase catalytic subunit (hTERT) activity and heat shock protein 90 expression could serve both as molecular markers allowing an earlier diagnosis of malignancy and as therapeutic targets. Familial syndromes should be considered both in benign and malignant pheochromocytoma, and should be tested for prior to surgery in selected patient groups.
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Paulus K, Schulz C, Lehnert H. Role of hypothalamic ACTH and α-MSH in appetite regulation – an in situ hybridization study of BDNF and MC4-receptor mRNA expression. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-972393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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180
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Scholz T, Scheumann K, Paulus K, Lehnert H, Schulz C. Effects of rosiglitazone on pancreatic islet 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in a murine model of diet-induced obesity. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-972461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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181
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Schulz C, Angerer J, Ewers U, Kolossa-Gehring M. The German Human Biomonitoring Commission. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2007; 210:373-82. [PMID: 17337242 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2007.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In Germany, the Human Biomonitoring Commission of the German Federal Environment Agency was established in 1992 to develop scientifically based criteria for the application of human biomonitoring (HBM). The goal is to clarify fundamental and practical issues related to HBM. Following the assessment of pollutants in body fluids, the commission derives two different kinds of guideline values: reference values and HBM values (HBM I and HBM II values). This article gives a review of the current reference values, HBM values, and the work of the German Human Biomonitoring Commission.
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182
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Gurentsov EV, Eremin AV, Schulz C. Formation of carbon nanoparticles by the condensation of supersaturated atomic vapor obtained by the laser photolysis of C3O2. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s0023158407020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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183
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Kahn R, Schulz C, Palazov V, Reyes E, Meulien D, Brecher M, Svensson O, Andersson H. Efficacy and tolerability of once-daily quetiapine sustained release in patients with acute schizophrenia: A randomised, double-blind, 6-week, placebo-controlled study. Eur Psychiatry 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.01.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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184
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Thomas S, Notari S, Semin D, Cheetham J, Woo G, Bence J, Schulz C, Provchy J. Streamlined Approach to the Crude Compound Purification to Assay Process. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070500509256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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185
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Ladurner R, Schulz C, Jacob P, Küper M, Kratt T, Preyer S, Königsrainer A. Surgical management of an esophagotracheal fistula as a severe, late complication of repeated endoscopic stenting treatment. Endoscopy 2007; 39 Suppl 1:E341-2. [PMID: 18273787 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-995325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
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186
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Becker K, Seiwert M, Angerer J, Kolossa-Gehring M, Hoppe HW, Schulz C, Seifert B. Kinder-Umwelt-Survey, Pilotstudie (2001/2002): Hinweise auf Expositionspfade für die innere Belastung mit Organophosphaten und Pyrethroiden. J Verbrauch Lebensm 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00003-006-0119-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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187
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Schulz C, Niedergethmann K, Brück S, Ha A, Hassel J, Bergner R, Voigtländer V, Mavridou S, Schindera N, Löser C. Dermatologie in Klinik und Praxis, Diaklinik 2007. AKTUELLE DERMATOLOGIE 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-966629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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188
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Ziegler S, Kostorz A, Schulz C, Woenckhaus M, Birnbaum DE, Wiebe K. Benefit of open lung biopsies in acute respiratory failure. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-967453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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189
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Faltlhauser A, Braun M, Thomas A, Schulz C, Raekers H, Wörner U. SMALL METAL PIECE − ENORMOUS PROBLEMS. Crit Care Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1097/00003246-200612002-00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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190
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Wissel H, Burkhardt W, Schulz C, Tschirch E, Wauer RR, Rüdiger M. Perfluorocarbone verhindern die Invasion von C. pneumoniae in alveoläre Typ II Zellen. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-946164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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191
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Schulz C, Becker K, Conrad A, Kolossa-Gehring M, Ullrich D, Seiwert M, Seifert B. German Environmental Survey IV: Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Exposure of German Children. Epidemiology 2006. [DOI: 10.1097/00001648-200611001-01107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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192
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Luong M, Koban W, Schulz C. Novel strategies for imaging temperature distribution using Toluene LIF. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/45/1/017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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193
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Schulz C. Laser-based imaging measurements in combustion: New results for fuel/air mixture and temperature diagnostics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/45/1/004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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194
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Schulz C. 69. und 70. Sitzung der vorläufigen Kommission für kosmetische Mittel am 18. November 2004 und 28. April 2005 in Berlin. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00103-006-1289-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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195
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Böck S, Schulz C, Schulz CU, Weckbach S, Hiller E. 19-jährige Patientin mit akuter Promyelozytenleukämie und Knieschwellung. Internist (Berl) 2006; 47:629-32. [PMID: 16607504 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-006-1611-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report on a case of a 19-year-old female patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia suffering from febrile monarthitis of the right knee during neutropenia after consolidation chemotherapy caused by Geotrichum capitatum. Apparently this infection occurred due to a hematological reactivation since the patient had already developed Geotrichum capitatum fungemia during induction therapy. Under antimycotic therapy with voriconazole, flucytosine, and caspofungin as well as after two arthroscopic synovectomies with cleansing of the right knee, the infection could be controlled and the full clinical function of the knee joint could be preserved.
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196
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Wissel H, Burkhardt W, Schulz C, Tschirch E, Wauer RR, Rüdiger M. Perfluorocarbone verhindern die Invasion von C. pneumoniae in alveoläre Typ II Zellen. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-943249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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197
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Ziegler S, Lubnow M, Schulz C, Winkler R, Müller T, Wiebe K. Risiko und Nutzen der offenen Lungenbiopsie beim akuten respiratorischen Lungenversagen. Pneumologie 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-933962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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198
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Hamann LI, Holler E, Brennmoehl J, Rogler G, Farkas L, Pfeifer M, Schulz C. NOD2/CARD15 Mutationen von Spender und Empfänger sind assoziiert mit einem beschleunigten Lungenfunktionsverlust nach allogener Knochenmarktransplantation. Pneumologie 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-933823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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199
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Farkas L, Jentsch N, Pfeifer M, Schulz C. Expression von CXCR1 und CXCR2 in primären Bronchialepithelzellen von Patienten mit chronisch-obstruktiver Atemwegserkrankung (COPD) und Kontrollpatienten ohne Atemwegsobstruktion. Pneumologie 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-934007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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200
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Krätzel K, Eissner G, Holler E, Pfeifer M, Schulz C. MHCI-unabhängige Schädigung respiratorischer Epithelzellen in einem Zellkulturmodell der Graft versus Host Reaktion. Pneumologie 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-933819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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