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Zhang C, Tian W, Xu Z, Wang X, Liu J, Li SL, Tang DM, Liu D, Liao M, Bando Y, Golberg D. Photosensing performance of branched CdS/ZnO heterostructures as revealed by in situ TEM and photodetector tests. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:8084-8090. [PMID: 24915978 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr00963k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CdS/ZnO branched heterostructures have been successfully synthesized by combining thermal vapour deposition and a hydrothermal method. Drastic optoelectronic performance enhancement of such heterostructures was revealed, compared to plain CdS nanobelts, as documented by comparative in situ optoelectronic studies on corresponding individual nanostructures using an originally designed laser-compatible transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique. Furthermore, flexible thin-film based photodetectors based on standard CdS nanobelts and newly prepared CdS/ZnO heterostructures were fabricated on PET substrates, and comparative photocurrent and photo-responsivity measurements thoroughly verified the in situ TEM results. The CdS/ZnO branched heterostructures were found to have better performance than standard CdS nanobelts for optoelectronic applications with respect to the photocurrent to dark current ratio and responsivity.
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Wang HW, Wang JQ, Zheng BQ, Li SL, Zhang YD, Li FD, Zheng N. Cytotoxicity induced by ochratoxin A, zearalenone, and α-zearalenol: effects of individual and combined treatment. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 71:217-24. [PMID: 24952310 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the cytotoxicity of combined mycotoxins of ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA), and/or α-zearalenol (α-ZOL). The cytotoxicity of two mycotoxin combinations (two two-toxin combinations and one three-toxin combination) on human Hep G2 cells was evaluated using a tetrazolium salt (MTT) assay and isobologram analysis. Our results demonstrated significant cytotoxic effects of the two-toxin combination and the three-toxin combination on Hep G2 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The combination indexes (CI) were 2.73-7.67 for the OTA+ZEA combination and 1.23-17.82 for the OTA+α-ZOL combination after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h of exposure at all inhibit concentration (IC) levels (IC10-IC90), indicating an antagonism. The CIs of the ZEA+α-ZOL combination were 1.29-2.55 after 24 h and 72 h of exposure (IC10-IC90), indicating an antagonism. The CIs of the ZEA+α-ZOL combination were 0.74-1.68 after 48 h of exposure, indicating synergism (IC80-IC90), additive effects (IC50-IC70), or antagonism (IC10-IC40). For the OTA+ZEA+α-ZOL combination, the CIs were 1.41-14.65 after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h of exposure (IC10-IC90), indicating an antagonism.
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Wang GC, Wang Q, Li SL, Ai XG, Fan CG. Evidence of multi-step nucleation leading to various crystallization pathways from an Fe-O-Al melt. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5082. [PMID: 24866413 PMCID: PMC4035573 DOI: 10.1038/srep05082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The crystallization process from a solution begins with nucleation, which determines the structure and size of the resulting crystals. Further understanding of multi-pathway crystallizations from solution through two-step nucleation mechanisms is needed. This study uses density functional theory to probe the thermodynamic properties of alumina clusters at high temperature and reveals the thermodynamic relationship between these clusters and the saturation levels of dissolved oxygen and aluminum in an Fe–O–Al melt. Based on the thermodynamics of cluster formation and the experimental evidence for both excess oxygen in the Fe-O-Al melt and for alumina with a polycrystalline structure in solidified iron, we demonstrate that the appearance of various types of clusters that depends on the saturation ratio determines the nucleation steps that lead to the various crystallization pathways. Such mechanisms may also be important in nucleation and crystallization from solution.
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179
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Lin YF, Xu Y, Wang ST, Li SL, Yamamoto M, Aparecido-Ferreira A, Li W, Sun H, Nakaharai S, Jian WB, Ueno K, Tsukagoshi K. Ambipolar MoTe2 transistors and their applications in logic circuits. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:3263-9. [PMID: 24692079 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201305845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
We report ambipolar charge transport in α-molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2 ) flakes, whereby the temperature dependence of the electrical characteristics was systematically analyzed. The ambipolarity of the charge transport originated from the formation of Schottky barriers at the metal/MoTe2 contacts. The Schottky barrier heights as well as the current on/off ratio could be modified by modulating the electrostatic fields of the back-gate voltage (Vbg) and drain-source voltage (Vds). Using these ambipolar MoTe2 transistors we fabricated complementary inverters and amplifiers, demonstrating their feasibility for future digital and analog circuit applications.
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180
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Zhu H, Shen H, Xu J, Xu JD, Zhu LY, Wu J, Chen HB, Li SL. Comparative study on intestinal metabolism and absorption in vivo of ginsenosides in sulphur-fumigated and non-fumigated ginseng by ultra performance liquid chromatography quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry based chemical profiling approach. Drug Test Anal 2014; 7:320-30. [PMID: 24853104 DOI: 10.1002/dta.1675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study indicated that sulphur-fumigation of ginseng in post-harvest handling processes could induce chemical transformation of ginsenosides to generate multiple ginsenoside sulphur derivatives. In this study, the influence of sulphur-fumigation on intestinal metabolism and absorption in vivo of ginsenosides in ginseng was sequentially studied. The intestinal metabolic and absorbed profiles of ginsenosides in rats after intra-gastric (i.g.) administration of sulphur-fumigated ginseng (SFG) and non-fumigated ginseng (NFG) were comparatively characterized by a newly established ultra performance liquid chromatography quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) with electrospray ionization negative (ESI-) mode. A novel strategy based on the characteristic product ions and fragmentation pathways of different types of aglycones (saponin skeletons) and glycosyl moieties was proposed and successfully applied to rapid structural identification of ginsenoside sulphur derivatives and relevant metabolites. In total, 18 ginsenoside sulphur derivatives and 26 ginsenoside sulphur derivative metabolites in the faeces together with six ginsenoside sulphur derivatives in the plasma were identified in the SFG-administrated group but not in the NFG-administrated group. The results clearly demonstrated that the intestinal metabolic and absorbed profiles of ginsenosides in sulphur-fumigated and non-fumigated ginseng were quite different, which inspired that sulphur-fumigation of ginseng should not be recommended before the bioactivity and toxicity of the ginsenoside sulphur derivatives were systematically evaluated.
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181
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Tian W, Zhang C, Zhai T, Li SL, Wang X, Liu J, Jie X, Liu D, Liao M, Koide Y, Golberg D, Bando Y. Flexible ultraviolet photodetectors with broad photoresponse based on branched ZnS-ZnO heterostructure nanofilms. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:3088-93. [PMID: 24523228 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201305457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The application of nanofilm networks made of branched ZnS-ZnO nanostructures as a flexible UV photodetector is demonstrated. The fabricated devices show excellent operational characteristics: tunable spectral selectivity, widerange photoresponse, fast response speed, and excellent environmental stability.
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182
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Yamamoto M, Wang ST, Ni M, Lin YF, Li SL, Aikawa S, Jian WB, Ueno K, Wakabayashi K, Tsukagoshi K. Strong enhancement of Raman scattering from a bulk-inactive vibrational mode in few-layer MoTe₂. ACS NANO 2014; 8:3895-3903. [PMID: 24654654 DOI: 10.1021/nn5007607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional layered crystals could show phonon properties that are markedly distinct from those of their bulk counterparts, because of the loss of periodicities along the c-axis directions. Here we investigate the phonon properties of bulk and atomically thin α-MoTe2 using Raman spectroscopy. The Raman spectrum of α-MoTe2 shows a prominent peak of the in-plane E(1)2g mode, with its frequency upshifting with decreasing thickness down to the atomic scale, similar to other dichalcogenides. Furthermore, we find large enhancement of the Raman scattering from the out-of-plane B(1)2g mode in the atomically thin layers. The B(1)2g mode is Raman inactive in the bulk, but is observed to become active in the few-layer films. The intensity ratio of the B(1)2g to E(1)2g peaks evolves significantly with decreasing thickness, in contrast with other dichalcogenides. Our observations point to strong effects of dimensionality on the phonon properties of MoTe2.
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183
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Zhou SS, Xu JD, Zhu H, Shen H, Xu J, Mao Q, Li SL, Yan R. Simultaneous determination of original, degraded ginsenosides and aglycones by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry for quantitative evaluation of Du-Shen-Tang, the decoction of ginseng. Molecules 2014; 19:4083-104. [PMID: 24699150 PMCID: PMC6270963 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19044083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) method for simultaneous determination of eleven original, fourteen degraded ginsenosides and five aglycones was developed and validated to quantitatively evaluate the transformation of ginsenosides during preparation of Du-Shen-Tang, the decoction of ginseng. Both positive and negative modes as well as the step wave ion transfer optics technology were used to increase the detection sensitivity of QTOF-MS. The extracting ion mode based on the quasi-molecular ions, molecular ions and fragment ions characteristic to each analyte was used to increase the selectivity for quantitative analysis. Under the optimized UHPLC and QTOF-MS conditions, the 30 analytes with different polarities were separated (except for Re and Rg1) within 26 min. The developed method was applied for the quantitative comparison of Du-Shen-Tang and its raw materials derived from Asian ginseng (ASG) and American ginseng (AMG), respectively. It was found that the contents of the original ginsenosides decreased from 26,053.09 to 19,393.29 μg/g or 45,027.72 to 41,865.39 μg/g, whereas the degraded ginsenosides and aglycones increased from 159.72 to 685.37 μg/g or 676.54 to 1,502.26 μg/g in Du-Shen-Tang samples of ASG or AMG when compared with their raw materials, indicating that decocting could dramatically increase the proportion of the less polar degraded ginsenosides in Du-Shen-Tang. Whether these changed proportions of different polar ginsenosides could affect the bioactivities of the decoctions and their raw materials derived from ASG and AMG deserves further investigation.
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184
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Li YF, Gao XG, Liu WD, Tian Y, Gao L, Li SL, He CB. Microsatellite markers derived from Japanese scallop (Mizuhopecten yessoensis) expressed sequence tags. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2014; 13:1989-92. [PMID: 24737424 DOI: 10.4238/2014.march.24.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Japanese scallop (Mizuhopecten yessoensis) is a cold-water shellfish, and a species of economic importance in China. In this study, we developed and evaluated simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from the expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of M. yessoensis. The characteristics of 12 EST-SSR loci were investigated in 30 individual scallops, and the result revealed that the number of alleles per locus ranged from 2-4, with an observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.0333-0.7692, and an expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.0333-0.6312. Only two loci were found to depart significantly from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P < 0.05). The result of our study suggested that these markers could be considered as potential markers for studying the population structure of M. yessoensis and its intraspecific variation.
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185
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Li P, Yin ZQ, Li SL, Huang XJ, Ye WC, Zhang QW. SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF EIGHT FLAVONOIDS AND POGOSTONE IN POGOSTEMON CABLIN BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.809545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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186
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Mao Q, Zhang PH, Wang Q, Li SL. Ginsenoside F(2) induces apoptosis in humor gastric carcinoma cells through reactive oxygen species-mitochondria pathway and modulation of ASK-1/JNK signaling cascade in vitro and in vivo. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:515-522. [PMID: 24252332 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenoside F(2) (F(2)) is a potential bioactive metabolite of major ginsenosides. The potential anti-cancer effect of F(2) in gastric cancer cells has not been appraised. This study investigated the effects of F(2) on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We also investigated the in vitro and in vivo effects of F(2) on the downstream signaling pathways leading to apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells. The in vitro data revealed that F(2) induces ROS accumulation followed by a decrease in mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP), and the release of cytochrome c (cyto c), which induced the caspase-dependent apoptosis. Further assay indicated that modulation of ASK-1/JNK pathway contributes to apoptosis. In vivo, F(2) exhibits the obvious anti-cancer effect compared with cisplatin with no obvious toxicity. Jointly, these results suggest that F(2) induces apoptosis by causing an accumulation of ROS and activating the ASK-1/JNK signaling pathway. This provides further support for the use of F(2) as a novel anticancer therapeutic candidate.
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187
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Bai M, Mao Q, Xu JD, Zhu LY, Zhu H, Wang Q, Li SL. [Advance in saponins of aerial parts of Panax species]. ZHONGGUO ZHONG YAO ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO ZHONGYAO ZAZHI = CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA 2014; 39:412-422. [PMID: 24946540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The bioactivities, chemical composition and distribution of aerial parts of Panax species are different from the roots. The present paper summarized the phytochemical and analytical studies of aerial parts of Panax species, including P. ginseng, P. notoginseng, P. quinquefoliun and P. japonicus. This review aims so as to provide scientific evidences for further investigation of chemical profile, quality control and optimal utilization of these resources.
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188
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Li SL, Lin J, Chen XM. Effect of chitosan molecular weight on the functional properties of chitosan-maltose Maillard reaction products and their application to fresh-cut Typha latifolia L. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 102:682-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.10.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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189
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Lin YF, Li W, Li SL, Xu Y, Aparecido-Ferreira A, Komatsu K, Sun H, Nakaharai S, Tsukagoshi K. Barrier inhomogeneities at vertically stacked graphene-based heterostructures. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:795-799. [PMID: 24257682 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr03677d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The integration of graphene and other atomically flat, two-dimensional materials has attracted much interest and been materialized very recently. An in-depth understanding of transport mechanisms in such heterostructures is essential. In this study, vertically stacked graphene-based heterostructure transistors were manufactured to elucidate the mechanism of electron injection at the interface. The temperature dependence of the electrical characteristics was investigated from 300 to 90 K. In a careful analysis of current-voltage characteristics, an unusual decrease in the effective Schottky barrier height and increase in the ideality factor were observed with decreasing temperature. A model of thermionic emission with a Gaussian distribution of barriers was able to precisely interpret the conduction mechanism. Furthermore, mapping of the effective Schottky barrier height is unmasked as a function of temperature and gate voltage. The results offer significant insight for the development of future layer-integration technology based on graphene-based heterostructures.
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190
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Ding C, Cong X, Zhang Y, Yang NY, Li SL, Wu LL, Yu GY. Hypersensitive mAChRs are involved in the epiphora of transplanted glands. J Dent Res 2014; 93:306-12. [PMID: 24389807 DOI: 10.1177/0022034513519107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous transplantation of the submandibular gland is an effective treatment for severe dry eye syndrome. However, more than 40% of patients experience epiphora 3 to 6 months after transplantation. The underlying mechanism of epiphora remains to be elucidated. To investigate the potential roles of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) in the induction of epiphora in transplanted glands, we assessed and found elevated mRNA and protein expression of M1- and M3-mAChR in transplanted glands from epiphora patients. The content of inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate was also elevated. Moreover, carbachol (5 and 10 µM) induced greater increase of [Ca(2+)]i in isolated epiphora submandibular cells than in controls. Although aquaporin-5 (AQP5) content and distribution in the apical and lateral plasma of epiphora glands did not change, AQP5 content was reduced in lipid microdomains (lipid rafts and caveolae) but increased in non-lipid microdomains compared with controls. Carbachol (10 µM) increased the ratio of non-lipid microdomain to total AQP5 in the cultured control submandibular gland tissue. Taken together, these results indicated that hypersensitive mAChRs might be involved in the epiphora of transplanted submandibular glands by modulating AQP5 trafficking.
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191
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Sun XX, Xu DD, Lou B, Li SL, Zhan W, Zhang YR, Xin J. Development and characterization of novel microsatellite markers in the rock bream fish Oplegnathus fasciatus. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2013; 12:6462-5. [PMID: 24390995 DOI: 10.4238/2013.december.10.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The rock bream fish Oplegnathus fasciatus is one of the most popular aquaculture species in China. In the present study, 15 novel polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized from a wild population of O. fasciatus from the Zhoushan coast of China. The number of alleles per polymorphic locus ranged from 4 to 9 in a sample of 30 individuals. Observed and expected heterozygosities per locus varied from 0.267 to 0.767 and from 0.395 to 0.859, respectively. Eleven of the 15 microsatellite loci conformed to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. No significant linkage disequilibrium between pairs of loci was detected. The present microsatellite markers could provide a useful tool for the genetic analyses of O. fasciatus.
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192
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Xu DD, Lou B, Li SL, Zhang YR, Xin J, Zhan W. Isolation and characterization of novel microsatellite loci in Nibea albiflora. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2013; 12:6156-9. [PMID: 24338409 DOI: 10.4238/2013.december.4.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Eleven novel microsatellite loci were isolated from a (CA)10-enriched genomic DNA library of Nibea albiflora. The characteristics of these microsatellites were determined in a sample of 48 N. albiflora individuals. The number of alleles at the 11 microsatellite loci ranged from 5 to 25, with an average of 13.5 per locus. The observed and expected heterozygosities varied from 0.583 to 0.917 and from 0.568 to 0.964, respectively. Eight of the 11 microsatellite loci conformed to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. No significant linkage disequilibrium was found among all 11 loci. These polymorphic microsatellites will be useful for population genetic analyses of N. albiflora.
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193
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Shen H, Leung WI, Ruan JQ, Li SL, Lei JPC, Wang YT, Yan R. Biotransformation of ginsenoside Rb1 via the gypenoside pathway by human gut bacteria. Chin Med 2013; 8:22. [PMID: 24267405 PMCID: PMC4175505 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8546-8-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacterial conversion of ginsenosides is crucial for the health-promoting effects of ginsenosides. Previous studies on the biotransformation of ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) by gut bacteria have focused on the ginsenoside Rd (Rd) pathway (Rb1 → Rd → ginsenoside F2 (F2) → compound K (Cpd K)). This study aims to examine the gypenoside pathway in human gut bacteria in vitro. Methods The metabolic pathways of ginsenoside Rb1 and its metabolites ginsenoside Rd and gypenoside XVII in human gut bacteria were investigated by incubating the compounds anaerobically with pooled or individual gut bacteria samples from healthy volunteers. Ginsenoside Rb1, the metabolites generated by human gut bacteria, and degraded products in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) were qualitatively analyzed using an LC/MSD Trap system in the negative ion mode and quantitatively determined by HPLC-UV analysis. Results When incubated anaerobically with pooled gut bacteria, Rb1 generated five metabolites, namely Rd, F2, Cpd K, and the rare gypenosides XVII (G-XVII) and LXXV (G-LXXV). The gypenoside pathway (Rb1 → G-XVII → G-LXXV → Cpd K) was rapid, intermediate, and minor, and finally converted Rb1 to Cpd K via G-XVII → F2 (major)/G-LXXV (minor). Both the Rd and gypenoside pathways exhibited great inter-individual variations in age-and sex-independent manners (P > 0.05). Rb1 was highly acid-labile and degraded rapidly to form F2, ginsenoside Rg3, ginsenoside Rh2, and Cpd K, but did not generate the gypenosides in SGF. The formation of the gypenosides might be explained by the involvement of a gut bacteria-mediated enzymatic process. Conclusions Rb1 was metabolized to G-XVII, F2 (major) or G-LXXL (minor), and finally Cpd K by human gut bacteria in vitro.
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Song HS, Li SL, Gao L, Xu Y, Ueno K, Tang J, Cheng YB, Tsukagoshi K. High-performance top-gated monolayer SnS2 field-effect transistors and their integrated logic circuits. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:9666-70. [PMID: 23989804 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr01899g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) layered semiconductors are very promising for post-silicon ultrathin channels and flexible electronics due to the remarkable dimensional and mechanical properties. Besides molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), the first recognized 2D semiconductor, it is also important to explore the wide spectrum of layered metal chalcogenides (LMCs) and to identify possible compounds with high performance. Here we report the fabrication of high-performance top-gated field-effect transistors (FETs) and related logic gates from monolayer tin disulfide (SnS2), a non-transition metal dichalcogenide. The measured carrier mobility of our monolayer devices reaches 50 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1), much higher than that of the back-gated counterparts (~1 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1)). Based on a direct-coupled FET logic technique, advanced Boolean logic gates and operations are also implemented, with a voltage gain of 3.5 and output swing of >90% for the NOT and NOR gates, respectively. The superior electrical and integration properties make monolayer SnS2 a strong candidate for next-generation atomic electronics.
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195
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Chan MY, Komatsu K, Li SL, Xu Y, Darmawan P, Kuramochi H, Nakaharai S, Aparecido-Ferreira A, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Tsukagoshi K. Suppression of thermally activated carrier transport in atomically thin MoS2 on crystalline hexagonal boron nitride substrates. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:9572-9576. [PMID: 23986323 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr03220e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present the temperature-dependent carrier mobility of atomically thin MoS2 field-effect transistors on crystalline hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and SiO2 substrates. Our results reveal distinct weak temperature dependence of the MoS2 devices on h-BN substrates. The room temperature mobility enhancement and reduced interface trap density of the single and bilayer MoS2 devices on h-BN substrates further indicate that reducing substrate traps is crucial for enhancing the mobility in atomically thin MoS2 devices.
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196
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Hong HC, Li SL, Zhang XQ, Ye WC, Zhang QW. Flavonoids with α-glucosidase inhibitory activities and their contents in the leaves of Morus atropurpurea. Chin Med 2013; 8:19. [PMID: 24125526 PMCID: PMC4016240 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8546-8-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to isolate the α-glucosidase inhibitory compounds from mulberry leaves (Morus atropurpurea Roxb., Moraceae) and to develop an analytical method for quantification of the compounds. Methods Four flavonoids, rutin (1), isoquercetin (2), kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (3) and astragalin (4), were isolated by column chromatography from mulberry leaf water extracts (MWE). The α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of MWE and the four isolated compounds were evaluated by a microplate-based in vitro assay. The content of the isolated flavonoids in M. atropurpurea leaves purchased from different local herbal stores or collected in different locations was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Results The four flavonoids (1–4) showed α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, with rutin (1) and astragalin (4) showing high α-glucosidase inhibitory activities (IC50 values of 13.19 ± 1.10 and 15.82 ± 1.11 μM, respectively). The total contents of the four flavonoids were different among eight samples examined, ranging from 4.34 mg/g to 0.53 mg/g. Conclusions The four flavonoids in M. atropurpurea leaves could inhibit α-glucosidase activity.
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Sun MM, Zhang MZ, Chen Y, Li SL, Zhang W, Ya GW, Chen KS. Effect of PTEN antisense oligonucleotide on oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. J Int Med Res 2013; 40:2098-108. [PMID: 23321166 DOI: 10.1177/030006051204000607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of a phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) antisense oligonucleotide on PTEN and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) mRNA and protein, cell proliferation and apoptosis in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OCSS) cell lines. METHODS EC9706 and EC1 cells were transfected with PTEN antisense oligonucleotide, sense oligonucleotide or nonsense oligonucleotide. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were quantified. Immuno cyto chemistry and in situ hybridization were used to determine PTEN and mTOR protein and mRNA levels, respectively. RESULTS Transfection with PTEN antisense oligonucleotide dose- and time-dependently enhanced cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis in both EC9706 and EC1 cells. PTEN mRNA and protein were significantly downregulated, and mTOR protein and mRNA were significantly upregulated. CONCLUSION These data suggest that PTEN is an important tumour suppressor gene in the development of OSCC.
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Nakaharai S, Iijima T, Ogawa S, Li SL, Tsukagoshi K, Sato S, Yokoyama N. Current on-off operation of graphene transistor with dual gates and He ion irradiated channel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pssc.201300262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Huang LC, Zheng N, Zheng BQ, Wen F, Cheng JB, Han RW, Xu XM, Li SL, Wang JQ. Simultaneous determination of aflatoxin M1, ochratoxin A, zearalenone and α-zearalenol in milk by UHPLC-MS/MS. Food Chem 2013; 146:242-9. [PMID: 24176338 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a sensitive and rapid method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of aflatoxin M1, ochratoxin A, zearalenone and α-zearalenol in milk by ultra high performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionisation triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS). The milk samples were purified using Oasis HLB cartridge. The matrix effects were evaluated by determining the signal suppression-enhancement (SSE) and corrected by external matrix-matched calibration. The limits of quantity (LOQ) of the mycotoxins were in the range of 0.003-0.015μgkg(-1). The high correlation coefficients (R(2)⩾0.996) were obtained in the range of 0.01-1.00μgkg(-1) of the mycotoxins, along with good recovery (87.0-109%), repeatability (3.4-9.9%) and intra-laboratory reproducibility (4.0-9.9%) at the concentrations of 0.025, 0.1 and 0.5μgkg(-1). The detected rates of the mycotoxins were from 16.7% to 96.7% in raw milk, liquid milk and milk powder samples collected from the dairy farms and supermarkets in Beijing. The method proposed is suitable for the simultaneous determination of aflatoxin M1, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, and α-zearalenol, and could be performed for analysing the mycotoxins in milk.
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Tian W, Zhai T, Zhang C, Li SL, Wang X, Liu F, Liu D, Cai X, Tsukagoshi K, Golberg D, Bando Y. Low-cost fully transparent ultraviolet photodetectors based on electrospun ZnO-SnO2 heterojunction nanofibers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:4625-4630. [PMID: 23836722 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201301828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Electrospun ZnO-SnO2 heterojunction nanofibers are demonstrated to be promising candidates for easily assembled fully transparent high-performance photodetectors.
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