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Ural K, Ulutas B, Kar S. Eprinomectin treatment of psoroptic mange in hunter/jumper and dressage horses: A prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Vet Parasitol 2008; 156:353-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2007] [Revised: 06/10/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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177
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Kar S, Samanta L, Chainy G. Decreased sperm glutathione content, DNA fragmentation and carbonylation stress as paternal factors in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss. Fertil Steril 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.07.1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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178
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Ghosh T, Bandyopadhyay S, Roy KK, Kar S, Lahiri AK, Maiti AK, Goswami K. Optical and structural properties of lead iodide thin films prepared by vacuum evaporation method. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.200811160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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179
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Ray R, Kar S, Nayak S, Swain M. Extracellular α-Amylase Production byBacillus brevisMTCC 7521. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/08905430802262558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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180
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Shyam Kumar AJ, Parmar V, Ahmed S, Kar S, Harper WM. A study of grip endurance and strengh in different elbow positions. J Orthop Traumatol 2008; 9:209-11. [PMID: 19384487 PMCID: PMC2657329 DOI: 10.1007/s10195-008-0020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2008] [Accepted: 06/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of our study was twofold. The first was to investigate the optimum position of the elbow while measuring grip endurance. The second was to investigate the optimum position of the elbow while measuring peak grip strength. The American Society of Hand Therapists advocate estimation of grip strength with the elbow flexed at 90° with the subject in the sitting position . As far as we are aware, there have been no reports in English literature regarding studies done to evaluate the position of the elbow while measuring grip endurance. Materials and methods A total of 45 healthy adults (16 males, 29 females) participated in this study. A computerised handgrip analyser was used to measure the peak strength in the non-dominant hand, followed by measurement of the grip endurance. These measurements were conducted in 90° of flexion and full extension of the elbow for each participant. Results Mean endurance in flexion was 71.0 N (SD 22.9) and in extension was 68.7 N (SD 27.4). Mean peak grip strength in flexion was 262.8 N (SD 73.1) and in extension was 264.1 N (SD 82.0). T test analysis showed no statistical significance for elbow positions for grip endurance (P = 0.67) and peak gip strength (P = 0.93). Conclusion Practical implications from this study are that grip endurance training can be undertaken with the elbow in 90° of flexion or full extension.
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Kar S, Borghesi M, Bulanov SV, Key MH, Liseykina TV, Macchi A, Mackinnon AJ, Patel PK, Romagnani L, Schiavi A, Willi O. Plasma jets driven by ultraintense-laser interaction with thin foils. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:225004. [PMID: 18643426 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.225004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Experimental evidence of plasma jets ejected from the rear side of thin solid targets irradiated by ultraintense (>10(19) W cm(-2)) laser pulses is presented. The jets, detected by transverse interferometric measurements with high spatial and temporal resolutions, show collimated expansion lasting for several hundreds of picoseconds and have substantially steep density gradients at their periphery. The role played by radiation pressure of the laser in the jet formation process is highlighted analytically and by extensive two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations.
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182
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Kar S, Bartwal KS. Reduction of domain wall width in VTE treated near stoichiometric LiNbO3 crystals. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.200711083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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183
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Das S, Sharma S, Sahu SK, Nayak SS, Kar S. New microbial spectrum of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis: clinical and laboratory aspects of an outbreak. Br J Ophthalmol 2008; 92:861-862. [PMID: 18523092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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184
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Kar S, Verma S, Bartwal KS. Optical inhomogeneities in Li2B4O7 single crystals. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.200710992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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185
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Kar S, Markey K, Simpson PT, Bellei C, Green JS, Nagel SR, Kneip S, Carroll DC, Dromey B, Willingale L, Clark EL, McKenna P, Najmudin Z, Krushelnick K, Norreys P, Clarke RJ, Neely D, Borghesi M, Zepf M. Dynamic control of laser-produced proton beams. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:105004. [PMID: 18352198 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.105004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The emission characteristics of intense laser driven protons are controlled using ultrastrong (of the order of 10(9) V/m) electrostatic fields varying on a few ps time scale. The field structures are achieved by exploiting the high potential of the target (reaching multi-MV during the laser interaction). Suitably shaped targets result in a reduction in the proton beam divergence, and hence an increase in proton flux while preserving the high beam quality. The peak focusing power and its temporal variation are shown to depend on the target characteristics, allowing for the collimation of the inherently highly divergent beam and the design of achromatic electrostatic lenses.
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186
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Hawkes C, Amritraj A, Macdonald RG, Jhamandas JH, Kar S. Heterotrimeric G proteins and the single-transmembrane domain IGF-II/M6P receptor: functional interaction and relevance to cell signaling. Mol Neurobiol 2008; 35:329-45. [PMID: 17917122 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-007-0021-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2007] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 04/02/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family represents the largest and most versatile group of cell surface receptors. Classical GPCR signaling constitutes ligand binding to a seven-transmembrane domain receptor, receptor interaction with a heterotrimeric G protein, and the subsequent activation or inhibition of downstream intracellular effectors to mediate a cellular response. However, recent reports on direct, receptor-independent G protein activation, G protein-independent signaling by GPCRs, and signaling of nonheptahelical receptors via trimeric G proteins have highlighted the intrinsic complexities of G protein signaling mechanisms. The insulin-like growth factor-II/mannose-6 phosphate (IGF-II/M6P) receptor is a single-transmembrane glycoprotein whose principal function is the intracellular transport of lysosomal enzymes. In addition, the receptor also mediates some biological effects in response to IGF-II binding in both neuronal and nonneuronal systems. Multidisciplinary efforts to elucidate the intracellular signaling pathways that underlie these effects have generated data to suggest that the IGF-II/M6P receptor might mediate transmembrane signaling via a G protein-coupled mechanism. The purpose of this review is to outline the characteristics of traditional and nontraditional GPCRs, to relate the IGF-II/M6P receptor's structure with its role in G protein-coupled signaling and to summarize evidence gathered over the years regarding the putative signaling of the IGF-II/M6P receptor mediated by a G protein.
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187
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Pal SK, Talapatra S, Kar S, Ci L, Vajtai R, Borca-Tasciuc T, Schadler LS, Ajayan PM. Time and temperature dependence of multi-walled carbon nanotube growth on Inconel 600. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 19:045610. [PMID: 21817516 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/04/045610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The growth kinetics of vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) on conductive substrates is investigated by synthesizing MWNTs at different growth temperatures and measuring ex situ the length of the nanotubes as a function of growth duration. A typical 'root growth' mechanism (saturation of MWNT lengths with increasing growth duration) was observed. The value of the activation energy (E(a)≈136 ± 5 kJ mol(-1)) of the MWNT growth reaction is suggestive of carbon diffusion through the bulk of the iron catalyst particle versus diffusion on its surface. These findings will help in optimizing MWNT growth on conductive substrates for various applications.
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Carroll DC, McKenna P, Lundh O, Lindau F, Wahlström CG, Bandyopadhyay S, Pepler D, Neely D, Kar S, Simpson PT, Markey K, Zepf M, Bellei C, Evans RG, Redaelli R, Batani D, Xu MH, Li YT. Active manipulation of the spatial energy distribution of laser-accelerated proton beams. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2007; 76:065401. [PMID: 18233889 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.76.065401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2007] [Revised: 09/28/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The spatial energy distributions of beams of protons accelerated by ultrahigh intensity (>10(19)Wcm2) picosecond laser pulse interactions with thin foil targets are investigated. Using separate, low intensity (<10(13)Wcm2) nanosecond laser pulses, focused onto the front surface of the target foil prior to the arrival of the high intensity pulse, it is demonstrated that the proton beam profile can be actively manipulated. In particular, results obtained with an annular intensity distribution at the focus of the low intensity beam are presented, showing smooth proton beams with a sharp circular boundary at all energies, which represents a significant improvement in the beam quality compared to irradiation with the picosecond beam alone.
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Kaithwas N, Deshmukh M, Kar S, Dave M, Lalla NP, Ryu H, Bartwal KS. Preparation of Y3Al5O12 nanocrystals by low temperature glycol route. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.200710944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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190
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Zhang Y, Talapatra S, Kar S, Vajtai R, Nayak SK, Ajayan PM. First-principles study of defect-induced magnetism in carbon. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:107201. [PMID: 17930406 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.107201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2005] [Revised: 02/25/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the role of defects on the magnetic properties of carbon materials using first-principles density functional methods. We show that, while the total magnetization decreases both for diamond and graphite with increase in vacancy density, the magnetization decreases more rapidly for graphitic structures. The presence of nitrogen nearby a vacancy is shown to produce larger macroscopic magnetic signals as compared to a standalone carbon vacancy. The results indicate the possibility of tuning magnetization in carbon by controlled defect generation and doping.
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191
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Kar S, Samanta L, Chainy G. Follicular oxidative predominance as a function of maternal age and its effect on IVF outcome. Fertil Steril 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.07.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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192
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Dromey B, Kar S, Bellei C, Carroll DC, Clarke RJ, Green JS, Kneip S, Markey K, Nagel SR, Simpson PT, Willingale L, McKenna P, Neely D, Najmudin Z, Krushelnick K, Norreys PA, Zepf M. Bright multi-keV harmonic generation from relativistically oscillating plasma surfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:085001. [PMID: 17930952 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.085001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The first evidence of x-ray harmonic radiation extending to 3.3 A, 3.8 keV (order n>3200) from petawatt class laser-solid interactions is presented, exhibiting relativistic limit efficiency scaling (eta approximately n{-2.5}-n{-3}) at multi-keV energies. This scaling holds up to a maximum order, n{RO} approximately 8{1/2}gamma;{3}, where gamma is the relativistic Lorentz factor, above which the first evidence of an intensity dependent efficiency rollover is observed. The coherent nature of the generated harmonics is demonstrated by the highly directional beamed emission, which for photon energy hnu>1 keV is found to be into a cone angle approximately 4 degrees , significantly less than that of the incident laser cone (20 degrees ).
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Choubey RK, Khattak BQ, Kar S, Ramshankar P, Sen P, Bartwal KS. Influence of doping on OH absorption in LiNbO3 crystals. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.200610894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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194
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Amritraj A, Hawkes C, Phinney AL, Mount HT, Scott CD, Westaway D, Kar S. Altered levels and distribution of IGF-II/M6P receptor and lysosomal enzymes in mutant APP and APP + PS1 transgenic mouse brains. Neurobiol Aging 2007; 30:54-70. [PMID: 17561313 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2007] [Revised: 03/30/2007] [Accepted: 05/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor-II/mannose-6-phosphate (IGF-II/M6P) receptor participates in the trafficking of lysosomal enzymes from the trans-Golgi network or the cell surface to lysosomes. In Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains, marked up-regulation of the lysosomal system in vulnerable neuronal populations has been correlated with altered metabolic functions. To establish whether IGF-II/M6P receptors and lysosomal enzymes are altered in the brain of transgenic mice harboring different familial AD mutations, we measured the levels and distribution of the receptor and lysosomal enzymes cathepsins B and D in select brain regions of transgenic mice overexpressing either mutant presenilin 1 (PS1; PS1(M146L+L286V)), amyloid precursor protein (APP; APP(KM670/671NL+V717F)) or APP+PS1 (APP(KM670/671NL+V717F)+PS1(M146L+L286V)) transgenes. Our results revealed that levels and expression of the IGF-II/M6P receptor and lysosomal enzymes are increased in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of APP and APP+PS1, but not in PS1, transgenic mouse brains compared with wild-type controls. The changes were more prominent in APP+PS1 than in APP single transgenic mice. Additionally, all beta-amyloid-containing neuritic plaques in the hippocampal and cortical regions of APP and APP+PS1 transgenic mice were immunopositive for both lysosomal enzymes, whereas only a subset of the plaques displayed IGF-II/M6P receptor immunoreactivity. These results suggest that up-regulation of the IGF-II/M6P receptor and lysosomal enzymes in neurons located in vulnerable regions reflects an altered functioning of the endosomal-lysosomal system which may be associated with the increased intracellular and/or extracellular A beta deposits observed in APP and APP+PS1 transgenic mouse brains.
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196
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Swain MR, Kar S, Sahoo AK, Ray RC. Ethanol fermentation of mahula (Madhuca latifolia L.) flowers using free and immobilized yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbiol Res 2007; 162:93-8. [PMID: 16580830 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2006.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest to find alternate bioresources for production of ethanol, apart from cane/sugar beet molasses and starchy crops like sweet sorghum, cassava and sweet potato. Mahula (Madhuca latifolia L.) is a forest tree abundantly available in the Indian subcontinent and its flowers are very rich in fermentable sugars (28.1-36.3 g 100 g(-1)). Batch fermentation of fresh and 12-month-stored flowers with free (whole cells) and immobilized cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain CTCRI) was carried out in 2-l Erlenmeyer flasks. The ethanol yields were 193 and 148 g kg(-1) (using free cells) and 205 and 152 g kg(-1) (using immobilized cells) from fresh and 12-month-stored mahula flowers, respectively.
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Kodam A, Vetrivel KS, Thinakaran G, Kar S. Cellular distribution of gamma-secretase subunit nicastrin in the developing and adult rat brains. Neurobiol Aging 2007; 29:724-38. [PMID: 17222950 PMCID: PMC2871253 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2006.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2006] [Revised: 12/01/2006] [Accepted: 12/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Nicastrin and presenilin 1 are integral components of the high molecular weight gamma-secretase complexes that regulate proteolytic processing of various type I membrane proteins including amyloid precursor protein and Notch. At present, there is little information regarding the cellular distribution of nicastrin in the developing or adult rat brain. We report here, using immunoblotting and immunohistochemical methods, that nicastrin in the adult rat brain is widely expressed and co-localized with presenilin 1 in select neuronal populations within all major areas, including the basal forebrain, striatum, cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebellum and brainstem. We also observed dense neuropil labeling in many regions in the brain, suggesting that nicastrin gets transported to dendrites and/or axon terminals in the central nervous system. The levels of nicastrin are found to be relatively high at the early stages of postnatal development and then declined gradually to reach the adult profile. At the cellular level, nicastrin is localized predominantly in neuronal cell bodies at early postnatal stages, but is apparent both in cell bodies and dendrites/neuropil in all brain regions at the later stages. The regulation of nicastrin expression and localization during development and its distribution in a wide spectrum of neurons in the postnatal and adult rat brains provide an anatomical basis to suggest a multifunctional role for the gamma-secretase complex in the developing and adult rat brains.
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Ozkan O, Kar S, Güven E, Ergun G. Comparison of proteins, lethality and immunogenic compounds of Androctonus crassicauda (Olivier, 1807) (Scorpiones: Buthidae) venom obtained by different methods. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s1678-91992007000400013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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199
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Ozkan O, Adiguzel S, Kar S, Yakistiran S, Cesaretli Y, Karaer KZ. Determination of potency and paraspecific effects of Androctonus crassicauda (Olivier, 1807) antivenom against Mesobuthus gibbosus (Brullé, 1832) venom (Scorpiones: Buthidae). J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s1678-91992007000200008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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200
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Kar S, Chen X, Nelson M. Direct-Contact Heat Transfer Coefficient for Condensing Vapour Bubble in Stagnant Liquid Pool. Chem Eng Res Des 2007. [DOI: 10.1205/cherd06030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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