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Wei J, Gu Y, Yang J, Yang Y, Wang S, Cui S, Zhu X. Identification and characterization of protective epitope of Trichinella spiralis paramyosin. Vaccine 2011; 29:3162-8. [PMID: 21382481 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Trichinella spiralis paramyosin (Ts-Pmy) is a protective antigen that induces partial immunity against T. spiralis infection in mice. To identify protective epitope of Ts-Pmy, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) 7E2 against the recombinant protein was generated, which partially protected against T. spiralis infection following passive transfer. The mAb was used to screen a random phage-displayed peptide library. Ten positive clones were identified, most of which matched amino acids 88-107 or 108-127 of Ts-Pmy. Expression of overlapping fragments of Ts-Pmy in E. coli confirmed that region 88-107 was specifically recognized by 7E2. A peptide based on this epitope region (YX1) was synthesized and shown to compete with native Ts-Pmy for binding to 7E2. Mice immunized with KLH-conjugated YX1 were protected against T. spiralis larval challenge. The identification of a protective epitope within Ts-Pmy highlights the possibility of developing a subunit vaccine against T. spiralis infection.
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352
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Yang YP, Liu QM, Ren YJ, Li L, Song K, Lv J, Cao WH. [Application of health vignettes in correcting self-reported health condition]. ZHONGHUA LIU XING BING XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA LIUXINGBINGXUE ZAZHI 2011; 32:306-310. [PMID: 21457671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
To introduce the application of vignettes in the survey on health condition, we took the Hangzhou health survey as an example. We tried to find the respondents' health judgment standard by using vignettes first and discovered the population's demographic characteristics as sex, age, years of schooling and income etc. could influence the self-reported health condition on the response category cut-points. Then the cut-points were corrected through hierarchical ordered probit model in order to reflect the respondents' self-reported health condition based on the same standard, making the result suitable for comparison. Data from our research discovered that the level of health condition of females was lower than that of males among the residents living in Hangzhou and the higher income they received, the better health condition they had. Thus, the health vignettes seemed very essential in the survey on health condition.
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Boone PM, Bacino CA, Shaw CA, Eng PA, Hixson PM, Pursley AN, Kang SHL, Yang Y, Wiszniewska J, Nowakowska BA, del Gaudio D, Xia Z, Simpson-Patel G, Immken LL, Gibson JB, Tsai ACH, Bowers JA, Reimschisel TE, Schaaf CP, Potocki L, Scaglia F, Gambin T, Sykulski M, Bartnik M, Derwinska K, Wisniowiecka-Kowalnik B, Lalani SR, Probst FJ, Bi W, Beaudet AL, Patel A, Lupski JR, Cheung SW, Stankiewicz P. Detection of clinically relevant exonic copy-number changes by array CGH. Hum Mutat 2010; 31:1326-42. [PMID: 20848651 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) is a powerful tool for the molecular elucidation and diagnosis of disorders resulting from genomic copy-number variation (CNV). However, intragenic deletions or duplications--those including genomic intervals of a size smaller than a gene--have remained beyond the detection limit of most clinical aCGH analyses. Increasing array probe number improves genomic resolution, although higher cost may limit implementation, and enhanced detection of benign CNV can confound clinical interpretation. We designed an array with exonic coverage of selected disease and candidate genes and used it clinically to identify losses or gains throughout the genome involving at least one exon and as small as several hundred base pairs in size. In some patients, the detected copy-number change occurs within a gene known to be causative of the observed clinical phenotype, demonstrating the ability of this array to detect clinically relevant CNVs with subkilobase resolution. In summary, we demonstrate the utility of a custom-designed, exon-targeted oligonucleotide array to detect intragenic copy-number changes in patients with various clinical phenotypes.
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354
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Huang JZ, Chen YZ, Su M, Zheng HF, Yang YP, Chen J, Liu CF. dl-3-n-Butylphthalide prevents oxidative damage and reduces mitochondrial dysfunction in an MPP+-induced cellular model of Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett 2010; 475:89-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Revised: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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355
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Yang Y, Zhang X, Chen LJ, Chiang SWY, Tam POS, Lai TYY, Chan CKM, Wang N, Lam DSC, Pang CP. Association ofNR2E3but NotNRLMutations with Retinitis Pigmentosa in the Chinese Population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 51:2229-35. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.09-4299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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356
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Tao M, Jin B, Zhong W, Yang Y, Xiao R. Modeling and experimental study on multi-level humidifying of the underfeed circulating spouted bed for flue gas desulfurization. POWDER TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2009.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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357
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Yang Y, Zhang Z, Yang J, Chen X, Cui S, Zhu X. Oral vaccination with Ts87 DNA vaccine delivered by attenuated Salmonella typhimurium elicits a protective immune response against Trichinella spiralis larval challenge. Vaccine 2010; 28:2735-42. [PMID: 20105428 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Revised: 12/30/2009] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported that Ts87 is an immunodominant antigen that induces protective immunity against Trichinella spiralis larval challenge. In this study, the Ts87 gene was cloned into an expression plasmid, pVAX1, and the recombinant Ts87 DNA was transformed into attenuated Salmonella typhimurium strain SL7207. Oral immunization of mice with Ts87 DNA delivered in S. typhimurium elicited a significant local mucosal IgA response and a systemic Th1/Th2 immune response. Cytokine profiling also showed a significant increase in the Th1 (IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-5, 6, 10) responses in splenocytes of immunized mice upon stimulation with Ts87 antigen. An immunofluorescence assay performed with antisera revealed that the recombinant Ts87 protein was expressed in mesenteric lymph nodes of immunized mice. The mice immunized with Salmonella-delivered Ts87 DNA displayed a statistically significant 29.8% reduction in adult worm burden and a 34.2% reduction in muscle larvae following challenge with T. spiralis larvae, compared with mice immunized with empty Salmonella or a PBS control. Our results demonstrate that Ts87 DNA delivered by attenuated live S. typhimurium elicits a local IgA response and a balanced Th1/Th2 immune response and produces partial protection against T. spiralis infection in mice.
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358
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Li Y, Jin J, Yang Y, Bian Z, Chen Z, Fan M. Enhanced immunogenicity of an anti-caries vaccine encoding a cell-surface protein antigen ofStreptococcus mutansby intranasal DNA prime-protein boost immunization. J Gene Med 2009; 11:1039-47. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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359
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Yang Y, Chen X, Zhang Z, Yang J, He J, Zhu X. PL-003 Protective effect of a pvax1-Ts87 DNA vaccine delivered in attenuated Salmonella typhimurium against Trichinella spiralis infection in mice. Int J Infect Dis 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1201-9712(09)60321-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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360
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Li XZ, Bai LM, Yang YP, Luo WF, Hu WD, Chen JP, Mao CJ, Liu CF. Effects of IL-6 secreted from astrocytes on the survival of dopaminergic neurons in lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. Neurosci Res 2009; 65:252-8. [PMID: 19647022 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2009.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2008] [Revised: 07/16/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The role of astrocytes in microglia-induced neuronal death remains controversial. In this study, astrocytes and astrocyte-derived conditioned media (ACM) supported the survival of dopaminergic neurons, and the former was more effective than the latter. In the presence of astrocytes, low concentrations of LPS enhanced the survival of dopaminergic neurons, while high concentrations attenuated survival. LPS dramatically induced astrocytes to secrete IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner with no effect on secretion of GDNF. Neuron-astrocyte cultures had highest secretion of GDNF, followed by ACM-treated neuron-enriched cultures. After neuron-astrocyte cultures treated with IL-6-neutralizing antibody, both effects of the enhanced and attenuated survival of dopaminergic neurons were abolished. Our results indicate that astrocytes play a protective role in the LPS-induced damage of dopaminergic neurons in certain circumstances, and the interaction between astrocytes and dopaminergic neurons may enhance the protective effect of astrocytes. Suitable activation of astrocytes increases the protective effect while excessive activation attenuates it, and IL-6 might mediate this dual action. The underlying mechanisms related to the secretion of GDNF and proinflammatory factors warrant further investigation.
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361
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Wang S, Zhu X, Yang Y, Yang J, Gu Y, Wei J, Hao R, Boireau P, Cui S. Molecular cloning and characterization of heat shock protein 70 from Trichinella spiralis. Acta Trop 2009; 110:46-51. [PMID: 19185561 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2008] [Revised: 01/02/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A cDNA encoding heat shock protein 70 of Trichinella spiralis (Ts-Hsp70) was identified by immunoscreening the adult T. spiralis cDNA library with rabbit antisera against T. spiralis adult extracts. The open reading frame of Ts-Hsp70 cDNA encoded a 623-amino acid peptide with a predicted molecular weight of 68.7kDa, which shares a high degree of sequence conservation with HSP70s from other parasites. Recombinant Ts-Hsp70 was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified with nickel column chromatography. Western blot analysis showed that recombinant Ts-Hsp70 could be recognized not only by trichinellosis patient sera, but also by T. spiralis-infected sera from rabbits, swine, and mice. Mice vaccinated with recombinant Ts-Hsp70 formulated with Freund's adjuvant exhibited strong humoral immune responses indicated by high titer of IgG antibody and significant muscle larval reduction (37%) after being challenged with T. spiralis larvae. The present results indicate that Ts-Hsp70 is a possible candidate vaccine against T. spiralis infection.
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362
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Zhang L, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Li H, Chen H, Zhu S. Experimental observation of Rabi splitting in effective near-zero-index media in the microwave regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2008; 78:035601. [PMID: 18851098 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.78.035601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of a strong coupling between an artificial "atom" and localized interface mode in the microwave regime. Transmittance is experimentally measured for the effective near-zero-index paired structures containing epsilon -negative and mu -negative materials made of composite right- and left-handed transmission lines. When the atom is embedded in the interface, because of the strong coupling between the atom and the interface mode, a Rabi splitting of 0.12GHz is observed, which is in good agreement with numerical simulations. Different from the usual Rabi splitting observed in conventional cavities, the splitting modes in the effective zero-index media are invariant with the scaling change of the length.
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363
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Gaudio DD, Yang Y, Boggs BA, Schmitt ES, Lee JA, Sahoo T, Pham HT, Wiszniewska J, Craig Chinault A, Beaudet AL, Eng CM. Molecular diagnosis of Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy: enhanced detection of dystrophin gene rearrangements by oligonucleotide array-comparative genomic hybridization. Hum Mutat 2008; 29:1100-7. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.20841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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364
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Liu K, Zhang H, Liu C, Guan Y, Lang L, Cheng Y, Sun B, Wang H, Zuo C, Pan L, Xu H, Li S, Shi L, Qian J, Yang Y. Stereotactic treatment of refractory obsessive compulsive disorder by bilateral capsulotomy with 3 years follow-up. J Clin Neurosci 2008; 15:622-9. [PMID: 18406144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2007.07.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2006] [Revised: 07/20/2007] [Accepted: 07/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In order to study the clinical effect of bilateral capsulotomy in patients with refractory obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), 35 patients with refractory obsessive compulsive disorder for whom anti-OCD medications and psychological/behavior therapy had failed, underwent MRI-guided stereotactic bilateral anterior capsulotomy. Pre- and post-operative Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale (Y-BOCS), Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) and Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) scores were determined by psychiatrists. All patients underwent fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography evaluation before and 6 months after the operation. Twenty patients became OCD symptom-free (57%), 10 experienced significant improvement (29%) and five experienced no significant improvement (14%). There were significant decreases in Y-BOCS, HAMD and HAMA scores. Our results show that MRI-guided stereotactic bilateral capsulotomy is a precise, safe and effective therapy for refractory obsessive compulsive disorder. This promising technique may also improve anxiety and depression in addition to OCD. OCD patients who have not responded to medication, psychotherapy or behavioral therapy might benefit from MRI-guided stereotactic bilateral capsulotomy.
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365
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Yang Y, Xu J, Chen H, Zhu S. Quantum interference enhancement with left-handed materials. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:043601. [PMID: 18352271 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.043601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The quantum interference between two spontaneous emission transitions, which are orthogonal, in a three-level system, can be greatly enhanced by using left-handed materials due to the focusing and phase compensation effects. The influence of the dispersion and dissipation of the materials on the quantum interference enhancement is investigated, and the enhancement of quantum interference is still significant. The quantum interference enhancement will result in a large quenching of the spontaneous emission, even if the distance between the materials and systems is larger than 10 wavelengths.
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366
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Qian JJ, Cheng YB, Liu CF, Yang YP, Liu KY. [Construction of eukaryotic expression vector containing hSNCA gene and its pathogenic mutants and its expression in PC12 cells]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2008; 24:23-26. [PMID: 18177612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM To construct recombinant eukaryotic expression vectors pEGFP-C3-SNCA containing human wild-type (WT) and pathogenic mutations A30P, A53T alpha-synuclein (SNCA), and to obtain monoclonal PC12 cell lines overexpressing human wild-type and pathogenic mutations A30P, A53T alpha-synuclein by stable transfection. METHODS Human wild type SNCA gene was cloned by using RT-PCR. By T-A extension cloning, the gene was ligated with T-vector and sequenced. Based on it, the recombinant eukaryotic expression vectors containing wild type SNCA synonymous mutation or its G88C (Ala30Pro) and G209A (Ala53Thr) pathogenic mutation were constructed by site-directed mutagensis using primer variance in mononucleotide. And different recombinant plasmids pEGFP-C3-SNCA were identified with PCR, restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing. PC12 cells were transfected with different recombinant plasmids pEGFP-C3-SNCA by liposome transfection method, screened with G418, and subcloned by limited dilution method to obtain different monoclonal PC12 cell lines stably over-expressing human wild-type, A30P or A53T alpha-synuclein, respectively, and PC12 cells stably transfected with pEGFP-C3 were used as control group. These monoclonal PC12 cell lines were identified with RT-PCR, Western blot and fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS According to result of PCR, the double digestion and gene sequencing, it was comfirmed that recombinant eukaryotic expression vectors containing wild type SNCA synonymous mutation or its Ala30Pro and Ala53Thr pathogenic mutation had been constructed successfully. By means of RT-PCR, Western blot and fluorescence microscope, it was comfirmed that objective gene sequences in PC12 cells were stably over-expressed. CONCLUSION The recombinant pEGFP-C3-SNCA vectors containing wild type SNCA synonymous mutation or its Ala30Pro and Ala53Thr pathogenic mutations had been constructed successfully. The transfected monoclonal PC12 cells are obtained in which three SNCA gene isoforms had stable expression.
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Yang YP, Liang ZQ, Gao B, Jia YL, Qin ZH. Dynamic effects of autophagy on arsenic trioxide-induced death of human leukemia cell line HL60 cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2008; 29:123-34. [PMID: 18158874 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2008.00732.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the contribution of an autophagic mechanism to the As2O3- induced death of human acute myeloid leukaemia cell line HL60 cells. METHODS The growth inhibition of HL60 cells induced by As2O3 was assessed with 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide colorimetric assay. The activation of autophagy was determined with monodansylcadaverine labeling and transmission electron microscope. The role of autophagy in the As2O3-induced death of HL60 cells was assessed using autophagic and lysosomal inhibitors. Immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and Western blot analysis were used to study the apoptotic and autophagic mechanisms. RESULTS After treatment with As2O3, the proliferation of HL60 cells was significantly inhibited and the formation of autophagosomes increased. The blockade of autophagy maturation with the autophagy-specific inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or the lysosome-neutralizing agent NH4Cl 1 h before As2O3 potentiated the As2O3-induced death of HL60 cells. In contrast, 3-MA attenuated As2O3-induced death when administered 30 min after As2O3. 3-MA and NH4Cl also inhibited As2O3-induced upregulation of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3, the protein required for autophagy in mammalian cells. Following As2O3, lysosomes were activated as indicated by increased levels of cathepsins B and L. The apoptotic response of HL60 cells to As2O3 was suggested by the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, and the activation of caspase-3. Pretreatment with 3-MA prior to As2O3 amplified these apoptotic signals, while posttreatment with 3-MA 30 min after As2O3 attenuated the apoptotic pathways. CONCLUSION Autophagy plays complex roles in the As2O3-induced death of HL60 cells; it inhibits As2O3-induced apoptosis in the initiation stage, but amplifies the As2O3-mediated apoptotic program if it is persistently activated.
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368
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Yang J, Yang Y, Gu Y, Li Q, Wei J, Wang S, Boireau P, Zhu X. Identification and characterization of a full-length cDNA encoding paramyosin of Trichinella spiralis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 365:528-33. [PMID: 18021743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2007] [Accepted: 11/06/2007] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A full-length cDNA encoding Trichinella spiralis paramyosin (Ts-Pmy) was cloned by immunoscreening a cDNA library of the adult T. spiralis worm. Ts-Pmy cDNA consists of 2655bp that encode 885 amino acids. The recombinant protein (rTs-Pmy) was expressed and purified by Ni-affinity chromatography. Western blot analysis showed that rTs-Pmy could be recognized by sera from T. spiralis-infected humans, swine, rabbits, and mice. Immunolocalization demonstrated that Ts-Pmy was abundant on the surface of T. spiralis larvae. BALB/c mice vaccinated with rTs-Pmy demonstrated 36.2% reduction in muscle larvae burden following T. spiralis larvae challenge. Vaccination of the mice with rTs-Pmy resulted in a high level of specific anti-Ts-Pmy IgG antibodies and generated a Th1/Th2 mixed type of immune response, with Th2 predominant. These studies showed that rTs-Pmy induced protective immunity in mice and could be considered as a potential vaccine candidate for trichinellosis.
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369
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Yan CH, Yang YP, Qin ZH, Gu ZL, Reid P, Liang ZQ. Autophagy is involved in cytotoxic effects of crotoxin in human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2007; 28:540-8. [PMID: 17376294 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2007.00530.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the role of crotoxin (CrTX)-induced autophagy in the death of MCF-7 cells, a caspase-3-deficient, human breast cancer cell line. METHODS Cultured MCF-7 cells were treated with various doses of CrTX, a phospholipase A2 (PLA2) isolated from the venom of the South American rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus terrificus. The cytotoxicity of CrTX in the presence and absence of caspase inhibitors was measured with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage assays. The activation of autophagy was determined with transmission electron microscope and monodansylcadaverin (MDC) labeling. The upregulation of lysosomal enzymes, the release of cytochrome c (cyto-c), and the nuclear translocation of the apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) were examined by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. RESULTS CrTX inhibited the viability of MCF-7 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. CrTX-activated autophagy was revealed by punctuate MDC labeling, and an increase in the formation of autophagosomes as well as apoptosis, as evidenced by nuclear condensation and fragmentation. The activation of cathepsin B, D, and L, in addition to the release of cytochrome c and the relocation of AIF into nuclei, were observed after CrTX treatment. Autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine (3-MA), NH4Cl, and the pan-caspase inhibitor, Z-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone (Z-Vad-fmk), attenuated CrTX-induced cell death. CONCLUSION An autophagic mechanism contributes to the apoptosis of MCF-7 cells induced by CrTX.
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Wang SH, Zhu XP, Gu Y, Yang YP, Yang J. [Construction and expression of the Ts87 gene of Trichinella spiralis in Pichia pastoris]. ZHONGGUO JI SHENG CHONG XUE YU JI SHENG CHONG BING ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY & PARASITIC DISEASES 2005; 23:236-9. [PMID: 16296617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To construct the recombinant plasmid P(PICZ) alphaA-Ts87 and obtain secretive protein in Pichia pastoris. METHODS Ts87 was amplified by PCR and cloned into the expression vector P(PICZ) alphaA of P. pastoris to form P(PICZ) alphaA-Ts87. After the recombinant was isolated and linearized, it was transformed into P. pastoris GS115 by EasyComp kit and screened for zeocin resistant with different conditions and Mut phenotype. The high resistant Mut+ clones were cloned and the product induced by methanol was tested by dot hybridization. The expression product was further identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The recombinant plasmid P(PiCZ) alphaA-Ts87 has been constructed. Ts87 gene has been expressed and secreted in Pichia pastoris GS115 strain.
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371
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Zhu XP, Garcia-Reyna P, Fu BQ, Yang J, Li CV, Yang YP, Liu MY, Ortega-Pierres G, Boireau P. A stage-specific open reading frame from three-day old adult worms ofTrichinella spiralisencodes zinc-finger motifs. Parasite 2005; 12:151-7. [PMID: 15991828 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2005122151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to isolate genes coding for stage-specific antigens of T. spiralis. Such antigens may then be associated with local and systemic immune responses against adult T. spiralis. Recombinant clones were obtained with an adult stage specific probe from a cDNA library of three-day old adult T. spiralis. Several cDNA clones encoding the same peptide were identified and their stage specificity was confirmed by northern blot analysis. Three independent clones were fully sequenced, and the resulting sequence found to code for a 487 amino acid peptide with a deduced molecular weight of approximately 55 kDa. Sequence analysis showed that the 55 kDa peptide contained putative DNA binding motifs, suggesting that this protein may be involved in transcriptional regulation during the early development of the parasite.
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372
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Lei LP, Zhu XP, Yang J, Yang YP, Ding L. [Prokaryotic expression of an antigen gene of Trichinella spiralis and identification of the recombinant protein]. ZHONGGUO JI SHENG CHONG XUE YU JI SHENG CHONG BING ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY & PARASITIC DISEASES 2004; 22:257-61. [PMID: 15830873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To obtain the recombinant protein of an antigen gene Ts88 of Trichinella spiralis and identify the characteristics of the recombinant protein. METHODS Ts88 cDNA obtained by immunoscreening the cDNA library of adult T. spiralis was subcloned into the pET-28c(+) expression vector and expressed in E. coli. Mice were immunized with the fusion protein incorporated into Freund' s adjuvant and the immune sera were collected. The titers of the Ts88 immune sera and the antigenicity of the recombinant protein were detected by ELISA and Western blotting. Immuno-fluorescence test was performed in order to confirm the distribution of Ts88 protein in the worm. RESULTS The fragment of Ts88 gene was expressed successfully in E. coli and a highly purified fusion protein was obtained. Immunization with the recombinant protein in mice produced high titers of antibodies, which recognized some components of native antigens of soluble proteins from adult worm of T. spiralis. Western blotting analysis showed that Ts88 recombinant antigen was recognized by all the positive sera, such as the sera from infected or immunized rabbits, from infected swine and from patients of trichinosis. Immuno-fluorescence test confirmed that Ts88 protein mainly distributed in the cuticle surface of the worm. CONCLUSION The Ts88 antigen gene from T. spiralis was successfully expressed. The recombinant protein presented antigenicity.
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Xia B, Qiu BM, Li CR, Lin Z, Fan SM, Tao HW, Lu JH, Yang YP, Yuan XW. [Evaluation of silent myocardial ischemia by adenosine triphosphate-atropine stress echocardiography in children with Kawasaki disease]. ZHONGHUA ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2004; 42:219-20. [PMID: 15144720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
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374
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Zhu XP, Yang J, Yang YP, Boireau P, Zhan B, Feng JJ, Hotez P. [Prokaryotic expression and characterization of an antigenic gene of adult Trichinella spiralis]. ZHONGGUO JI SHENG CHONG XUE YU JI SHENG CHONG BING ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY & PARASITIC DISEASES 2004; 21:16-9. [PMID: 12884582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To obtain a purified Ts87 gene expression product of adult Trichinella spiralis and identify its immunogenicity. METHODS Ts87 cDNA was subcloned into PET-28a(+) expression vector. The transformed bacteria bearing PET-28a(+)/Ts87 plasmids were induced by IPTG for production of fusion proteins. The expression product purified with His-binding affinity chromatography and electro-elution assay was analyzed by SDS-PAGE, ELISA and Western blot, and was used to immunize the rabbits. RESULTS PET-28a(+)/Ts87 transformed bacteria produced the desired fusion protein with a relative molecular weight of 40 kDa. The antisera with high titer were obtained by immunizing rabbit with Ts87 recombinant protein. Ts87 expression protein was detected as positive reaction with infected rabbit sera, infected swine sera and antisera against Ts87 by ELISA. Ts87 protein was also recognized by above-mentioned sera with Western blotting. However, Ts87 protein failed to react with the patient sera infected with Cysticercus cellulosae or Echinococcus granulosus, and rabbit sera infected with Schistosoma japonicum. CONCLUSION A new Trichinella recombinant protein with specific antigenicity was obtained.
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Yang YP, Zhu XP, Yang J, Zhang LP, Xu XN, Huang S, Boireau P. [Construction and expression of the recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1/Ts87 of Trichinella spiralis]. ZHONGGUO JI SHENG CHONG XUE YU JI SHENG CHONG BING ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY & PARASITIC DISEASES 2004; 21:93-5. [PMID: 12884619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To construct and express DNA plasmid of Trichinella spiralis. METHODS The BamHI and HindIII enzyme sites and KOZAK sequences were introduced at both ends of Ts87 gene by PCR. Ts87 gene was ligated into pcDNA3.1(+) vector with T4 ligase. The recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1/Ts87 and plasmid pcDNA3.1 were transfected into an eukaryotic cell line COS7 through Lipofectamine, respectively. The BALB/c mice were immunized with the purified plasmid DNA pcDNA3.1/Ts87 through two routes: intramuscular injection and gene-gun injection. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The pcDNA3.1/Ts87 was expressed both in COS7 and in the BALB/c mice.
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Yang J, Zhu XP, Zhang XM, Yang YP, Zhou L, Gao X, Liu MY, Pascal B. [Screening and sequence analysis of the adult stage-specific gene of Trichinella spiralis]. ZHONGGUO JI SHENG CHONG XUE YU JI SHENG CHONG BING ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY & PARASITIC DISEASES 2003; 19:68-71. [PMID: 12571985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To obtain the sequence of the adult stage-specific gene of Trichinella spiralis. METHODS An adult T. spiralis cDNA library was screened using an adult T. spiralis stage-specific probe. The gene sequence was analyzed by DNAstar software and GenBank database. RESULTS A cDNA clone of 1,629 bp was obtained by screening the library with an adult stage-specific probe. The clone contained one open reading frame composed of 1,464 bp encoding 487 amino acids. GenBank searching revealed that no identical cDNA was found. Two zinc fingers located at the positions within amino acids 207-270. Some possible antigen epitopes were predicted within the amino acids 52-64, 108-116, 137-163 and 226-260. CONCLUSION A novel stage-specific gene of adult T. spiralis encoding the protein containing certain predicted antigen epitopes was obtained.
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377
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Zhu XP, Zhou L, Zhang XM, Yang J, Yang YP. [Genotypes of merozoite surface protein 2 of Plasmodium falciparum in different malaria endemic areas]. ZHONGGUO JI SHENG CHONG XUE YU JI SHENG CHONG BING ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY & PARASITIC DISEASES 2003; 19:1-3. [PMID: 12572012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the genotypes and distribution of MSP2 of Plasmodium falciparum isolates in Yunnan and Hainan provinces, China. METHODS The central polymorphic region of MSP2 allele was amplified by the nested PCR for genotyping of P. falciparum. RESULTS The higher degree of polymorphism of MSP2 of P. falciparum was observed in Yunnan and Hainan. Distribution and allele frequencies differed in both provinces, indicating considerable geographical heterogeneity of parasite populations. The mixed infection of different allele-type and multiplicity of infection was more frequent in Hainan than in Yunnan. CONCLUSION There were obvious differences in the distribution and frequencies of MSP2 alleles between Yunnan and Hainan endemic areas. MSP2 is suitable to be used as a marker gene for the genotyping of P. falciparum infection.
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Yang Y, Fleischhauer M, Zhu SY. Spontaneous emission in a photonic crystal near the band edge: field versus population dynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2003; 68:015602. [PMID: 12935192 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.68.015602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the dynamical properties of the radiation field emitted from an excited two-level atom in a photonic crystal. If the transition frequency of the atom lies within a certain frequency range above the band edge, the emitted field consists of two components that show a different decay dynamics. In particular it is shown that one field component decreases faster than the atomic population with a decay constant depending on the distance from the atom. As a consequence, the decay rate of the electromagnetic field is spatially varying and, in general, can not be identified with the corresponding rate for the atomic population.
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379
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Shieh JS, Chang LW, Wang MS, Sun WZ, Wang YP, Yang YP. Pain model and fuzzy logic patient-controlled analgesia in shock-wave lithotripsy. Med Biol Eng Comput 2002; 40:128-36. [PMID: 11954700 DOI: 10.1007/bf02347706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Pain control in conscious patients was investigated using a push-button, demand-driven supply of drugs. A fuzzy logic patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) algorithm was compared with a conventional algorithm, for alfentanil administration in extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy. The conventional PCA algorithm used an initial dose of 0.25mg, a fixed infusion rate of 60 mg h(-1) and a fixed bolus size of 0.2 mg with a 1 min lockout. The fuzzy logic PCA algorithm used an initial dose of 0.25 mg, a changeable infusion rate and a bolus size of 0.1 or 0.05 mg. The infusion rate was adjusted according to a look-up table that accepted the button-pressing history over the last three lockout intervals. The look-up table was designed using fuzzy logic. The bolus size was adjusted according to the button-pressing history over the past two lockout intervals. Twelve patients were treated using conventional PCA, and thirteen were treated with PCA + fuzzy logic control (FLC). PCA + FLC patients consumed 45% less drug. Also, PCA + FLC patients had a mean delivery/demand ratio of 82%, compared with 60% in conventional PCA. When the pain intensity scale was analysed, PCA + FLC patients had acceptable pain intensity at 62%, compared with 44% in conventional PCA.
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380
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Yang YP, Corley N, Garcia-Heras J. Molecular analysis in newborns from Texas affected with galactosemia. Hum Mutat 2002; 19:82-3. [PMID: 11754113 DOI: 10.1002/humu.9005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The spectrum of mutations in the Galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT) gene is described in 11 cases of classic galactosemia and 38 of Duarte-2 type identified by the Texas Newborn Screening Program. Blinded studies were done by automated DNA sequencing of all the 11 exons and the exon-intron boundaries of the GALT gene using genomic DNA isolated from dry blood spots. Fourteen different mutations (11 missense mutations, 2 nonsense mutations and 1 splicing mutation) were detected in 94 of the 98 mutant alleles (diagnostic efficiency of 96%). The prevalent mutations were N314D (41%), Q188R (37%) and K285N (4%). The other less frequent mutations were IVS2-2A>G and S135L (3% each), T138M (2%) and T23A, H184Q, Y251S, L195P, Q207X, L264X, Q344K, and A345D (1% each). Three novel mutations, T23A, Q207X, and A345D, were identified. Our study supports previous findings that N314D and Q188R are prevalent in Hispanics and Whites and K285N was only observed in Whites. The IVS2-2A->G mutation is probably ethnic specific because it was identified exclusively in Hispanics. S135L, a prevalent mutation in Blacks, was also present in 3 Hispanics. Two unusual genotypes were observed in 2 patients homozygous for the Duarte-2 N314D allele and heterozygous for a novel mutation (Q207X- N314D/N314D in a classic galactosemia and T23A- N314D/N314D in a Duarte-2 case). The detection of GALT gene mutations in newborns from Texas should focus first on N314D, Q188R, K285N, IVS2-2A>G, S135L and T138M. Other exons and exon-intron boundaries would have to be studied if either one or no mutations are found in the primary screening.
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Yang YP, Corley N, Garcia-Heras J. Reverse dot-blot hybridization as an improved tool for the molecular diagnosis of point mutations in congenital adrenal hyperplasia caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency. MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS : A JOURNAL DEVOTED TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF HUMAN DISEASE THROUGH THE CLINICAL APPLICATION OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2001; 6:193-9. [PMID: 11571713 DOI: 10.1054/modi.2001.26587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 90% of cases of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are caused by mutations of the CYP21 gene that result in deficiencies of the enzyme 21-hydroxylase. Allele-specific PCR, allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization, and Southern blot analysis are the most common methods to detect point mutations and deletions in the CYP21 gene. METHODS AND RESULTS This report is the first application of the reverse dot-blot (RDB) assay for diagnosis of the nine most common point mutations in the CYP21 gene associated with CAH (P30L, g.659A>G or g.659C>G, I172N, I236N-V237E-M239K, V281L, g.1767-1768insT, Q318X, R356W, P453S). Normal and mutant oligonucleotides spanning these nine mutation sites were spotted onto a nylon membrane. DNA was extracted from dried blood spots, and exons encompassing mutations from samples to be tested were amplified and labeled with biotin-dUTP by PCR. These exons then were hybridized to membrane strips. Signal detection was achieved by chemiluminescence. Thirty clinically confirmed cases that were identified by the Texas Newborn Screening Program were tested. All mutations were subsequently confirmed by automated DNA sequencing. CONCLUSION The RDB method has the advantages of being accurate and cost-effective for the molecular diagnosis of CYP21 point mutations in CAH. It permits simultaneous detection of a panel of point mutations with only one hybridization per sample and could be automated to study many samples.
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382
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Cates GA, Yang YP, Klyushnichenko V, Oomen R, Loosmore SM. Properties of recombinant HtrA: an otitis media vaccine candidate antigen from non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae. DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICALS 2001; 103:201-4. [PMID: 11214237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Non-encapsulated or non-typable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a major cause of middle ear infections in young children. HtrA has been identified as a vaccine candidate antigen from NTHi; therefore physicochemical characterization of this antigen is important for vaccine development. Recombinant NTHi HtrA has been expressed in E. coli and shown to have serine protease activity. Several mutant, recombinant HtrA proteins were expressed and purified to obtain suitable vaccine antigens lacking protease activity. Two mutants with alterations at the putative active site His91 and Ser197, designated H91A and S197A were examined by circular dichroic spectropolarimetry (CD) to evaluate secondary structure. The S197A mutant had a more random secondary structure compared to wild-type rHtrA or H91A. It is likely that improper folding of S197A accounts for its lack of immunoprotective properties in a chinchilla model of otitis media.
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383
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384
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Tang CP, Yang YP, Zhong Y, Zhong QX, Wu HM, Ye Y. Four new naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids from Ancistrocladus tectorius. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2000; 63:1384-7. [PMID: 11076558 DOI: 10.1021/np000091d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Four new naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids, ancistrotectoriline A (1), ancistrotectoriline B (2), 6-O-methyl-4'-O-demethylancistrocladine (3), and 6-O-methyl-4'-O-demethylhamatine (4), were isolated from the stems and leaves of Ancistrocladus tectorius, collected from Hainan Province, Southern China. Their structures were elucidated using MS and NMR methods.
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385
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Bielec P, Gallagher D, Yang YP, Womack J, Davis S, Taylor J, Busbee D. Assignment of crystallin beta-polypeptide 1 (CRYBA1) to Atlantic bottlenose dolphin chromosome band 16p11 by in situ hybridization. CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS 2000; 89:96-7. [PMID: 10894946 DOI: 10.1159/000015572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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386
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Verhaar MC, Grahn AY, Van Weerdt AW, Honing ML, Morrison PJ, Yang YP, Padley RJ, Rabelink TJ. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effects of ABT-627, an oral ETA selective endothelin antagonist, in humans. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2000; 49:562-73. [PMID: 10848720 PMCID: PMC2015037 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2125.2000.00171.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Endothelins (ETs) may play a role in the pathogenesis of a variety of cardiovascular diseases. The present study was designed to investigate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of the orally active ETA selective receptor antagonist ABT-627 in healthy humans. METHODS Healthy volunteers were included in two studies with cross-over design. Subjects received single or multiple dose (an 8 day period) administration of oralABT-627 or matched placebo, in a dose range of 0.2-40 mg. The pharmacokinetics of ABT-627 were described and its effects on systemic haemodynamics under resting conditions and on forearm vasoconstriction in response to ET-1 were assessed. RESULTS ABT-627 was generally well tolerated in both studies, with transient headache being the most reported adverse event (in 62% vs 4% during placebo, P < 0.05, for Study 1 and in 42% vs 60%, P = 0.2, for Study 2). ABT-627 was rapidly absorbed, reaching maximum plasma levels at approximately 1 h post dose. Single dose ABT-627, at a dose of 20 and 40 mg, inhibited ET-1 induced forearm vasoconstriction at 8 h post dose. Eight days ABT-627 treatment, at a dose level of 5 mg and above, also effectively blocked forearm vasoconstriction to ET-1. ABT-627 caused a significant reduction in peripheral resistance as compared with placebo (16 +/- 1 vs 19 +/- 1, 18 +/- 2 vs 23 +/- 3, 15 +/- 1 vs 17 +/- 1 AU at 1, 5, 20 mg in Study 2) with only a mild decrease in blood pressure (79 +/- 2 vs 84 +/- 3, 80 +/- 4 vs 90 +/- 5, 75 +/- 3 vs 79 +/- 1 at 1, 5, 20 mg in Study 2). ABT-627 caused a moderate dose-dependent increase in circulating immunoreactive ET levels (a maximal increase of 50% over baseline at the 20 mg dose level). CONCLUSIONS The oral ETA receptor blocker ABT-627 is well tolerated, rapidly absorbed, effectively blocks ET-1 induced vasoconstriction and causes a decrease in total peripheral resistance and mean arterial pressure. Our data suggest that ABT-627 may be a valuable tool in treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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387
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Amarante MR, Yang YP, Kata SR, Lopes CR, Womack JE. RH maps of bovine chromosomes 15 and 29: conservation of human chromosomes 11 and 5. Mamm Genome 2000; 11:364-8. [PMID: 10790535 DOI: 10.1007/s003350010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Comparative mapping data on evolutionary conserved coding sequences and synteny maps between human and cattle are insufficient to define the extent and distribution of conserved segments between these two species, because the order of loci is often rearranged. A 5000-rad cattle whole-genome radiation hybrid (WG-RH) panel was constructed to provide high-resolution comparative maps and also to integrate linkage maps of microsatellites with evolutionary conserved genes and transcripts in a single ordered map. We used the WG-RH panel to construct radiation hybrid maps of bovine Chromosomes (Chrs) 15 and 29 (BTA15 and BTA29), integrating microsatellites from published linkage maps with selected genes. The comprehensive map of BTA15 consists of 24 markers, 13 of which were placed in the framework map. Eleven molecular markers compose the comprehensive map of BTA29, seven of which were placed in the framework map. We identified the homologous regions between bovine Chr 15 (BTA15) and human Chrs 5 and 11 (HSA5 and HSA11), as well as between BTA29 and HSA11. The present study demonstrates that WG-RH mapping is an efficient method for integrating multiple genetic maps into one map and for incorporating monomorphic Type I loci into ordered maps for comparison between species.
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388
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Simmons AD, Musy MM, Lopes CS, Hwang LY, Yang YP, Lovett M. A direct interaction between EXT proteins and glycosyltransferases is defective in hereditary multiple exostoses. Hum Mol Genet 1999; 8:2155-64. [PMID: 10545594 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/8.12.2155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) is an autosomal dominant condition in which bony outgrowths occur from the juxtaepiphyseal regions of the long bones. In a few percent of cases these exostoses undergo malignant transformation to chondrosarcomas. HME results from mutations in one of two homologous genes, EXT1 and EXT2. These are members of a new gene family that is conserved from Caenorhabditis elegans to higher vertebrates. In humans this family comprises five genes which are most conserved at their C-termini, but they do not contain any discernible functional motifs and their function(s) is unclear. Indirect evidence suggests that EXT proteins are involved in glycosaminoglycan synthesis, act as tumor suppressors and affect hedgehog signaling. One recent study has also reported that these proteins co-purify with glycosyltransferase (GlcA and GlcNAc transferase) activity and on that basis it has been postulated that they are themselves glycosyl-transferases. We performed two-hybrid screens with a fragment of EXT2 from the region that is most highly conserved in the gene family and identified two interacting proteins: the tumor necrosis factor type 1 associated protein and a novel UDP-GalNAc:poly-peptide N -acetylgalactosaminyltransferase. Significantly, both these interactions were abrogated by a disease-causing EXT mutation, indicating that they are important in the etiology of HME. The EXT2-GalNAc-T5 interaction provides the first direct physical link between EXT proteins and known components of glycosamino-glycan synthesis.
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389
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Wang QE, Han CH, Yang YP, Wang HB, Wu WD, Liu SJ, Kohyama N. Biological effects of man-made mineral fibers (II)--their genetic damages examined by in vitro assay. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 1999; 37:342-347. [PMID: 10441907 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.37.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In order to study and compare genetic damage induced by 10 kinds of man-made mineral fibers (JFM fibers) in cells, human lung epithelial cells (A549) were exposed to JFM fibers and chrysotile for 1 h, then single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay was used to detect DNA strand breaks, DNA-DNA interstrand crosslink and the ability of DNA to repair; The results showed that all 10 JFM fibers could induce DNA strand breaks, DNA-DNA interstrand crosslinks and inhibit the ability of DNA repair. When human embryo lung (HEL) cells were exposed to JFM fibers and chrysotile for 24 h respectively, the chromosomal aberration was analyzed and the results showed that chrysotile and most of JFM fibers at 5.0 micrograms/ml induced structural chromosomal aberration, but all of these effects were lower than that of chrysotile and were different among them, suggesting that 10 types of JFM fibers had genotoxicity with different degree in vitro, but all of them were lower than that of chrysotile.
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390
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Myers LE, Yang YP, Du RP, Wang Q, Harkness RE, Schryvers AB, Klein MH, Loosmore SM. The transferrin binding protein B of Moraxella catarrhalis elicits bactericidal antibodies and is a potential vaccine antigen. Infect Immun 1998; 66:4183-92. [PMID: 9712766 PMCID: PMC108504 DOI: 10.1128/iai.66.9.4183-4192.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The transferrin binding protein genes (tbpA and tbpB) from two strains of Moraxella catarrhalis have been cloned and sequenced. The genomic organization of the M. catarrhalis transferrin binding protein genes is unique among known bacteria in that tbpA precedes tbpB and there is a third gene located between them. The deduced sequences of the M. catarrhalis TbpA proteins from two strains were 98% identical, while those of the TbpB proteins from the same strains were 63% identical and 70% similar. The third gene, tentatively called orf3, encodes a protein of approximately 58 kDa that is 98% identical between the two strains. The tbpB genes from four additional strains of M. catarrhalis were cloned and sequenced, and two potential families of TbpB proteins were identified based on sequence similarities. Recombinant TbpA (rTbpA), rTbpB, and rORF3 proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. rTbpB was shown to retain its ability to bind human transferrin after transfer to a membrane, but neither rTbpA nor rORF3 did. Monospecific anti-rTbpA and anti-rTbpB antibodies were generated and used for immunoblot analysis, which demonstrated that epitopes of M. catarrhalis TbpA and TbpB were antigenically conserved and that there was constitutive expression of the tbp genes. In the absence of an appropriate animal model, anti-rTbpA and anti-rTbpB antibodies were tested for their bactericidal activities. The anti-rTbpA antiserum was not bactericidal, but anti-rTbpB antisera were found to kill heterologous strains within the same family. Thus, if bactericidal ability is clinically relevant, a vaccine comprising multiple rTbpB antigens may protect against M. catarrhalis disease.
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391
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Du RP, Wang Q, Yang YP, Schryvers AB, Chong P, Klein MH, Loosmore SM. Cloning and expression of the Moraxella catarrhalis lactoferrin receptor genes. Infect Immun 1998; 66:3656-65. [PMID: 9673246 PMCID: PMC108399 DOI: 10.1128/iai.66.8.3656-3665.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The lactoferrin receptor genes from two strains of Moraxella catarrhalis have been cloned and sequenced. The lfr genes are arranged as lbpB followed by lbpA, a gene arrangement found in lactoferrin and transferrin receptor operons from several bacterial species. In addition, a third open reading frame, orf3, is located one nucleotide downstream of lbpA. The deduced lactoferrin binding protein A (LbpA) sequences from the two strains were found to be 99% identical, the LbpB sequences were 92% identical, and the ORF3 proteins were 98% identical. The lbpB gene was PCR amplified and sequenced from a third strain of M. catarrhalis, and the encoded protein was found to be 77% identical and 84% similar to the other LbpB proteins. Recombinant LbpA and LbpB proteins were expressed from Escherichia coli, and antisera raised to the purified proteins were used to assess antigenic conservation in a panel of M. catarrhalis strains. The recombinant proteins were tested for the ability to bind human lactoferrin following gel electrophoresis and electroblotting, and rLbpB, but not rLbpA, was found to bind lactoferrin. Bactericidal antibody activity was measured, and while the anti-rLbpA antiserum was not bactericidal, the anti-rLbpB antisera were found to be weakly bactericidal. Thus, LbpB may have potential as a vaccine candidate.
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392
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Yang YP, Womack JE. Parallel radiation hybrid mapping: a powerful tool for high-resolution genomic comparison. Genome Res 1998; 8:731-6. [PMID: 9685320 PMCID: PMC310752 DOI: 10.1101/gr.8.7.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Comparative gene mapping in mammals typically involves identification of segments of conserved synteny in diverse genomes. The development of maps that permit comparison of gene order within conserved synteny has not advanced beyond the mouse map that takes advantage of linkage analysis in interspecific backcrosses. Radiation hybrid (RH) mapping provides a powerful tool for determining order of genes in genomes for which gene-based linkage mapping is impractical. Comparative RH mapping of 24 orthologous genes in this study revealed internal structural rearrangements between human chromosome 17 (HSA17) and bovine chromosome 19 (BTA19), two chromosomes known previously to be conserved completely and exclusively at level of synteny. Only six of the 24 genes had been previously ordered on the human G3 RH map. The use of the G3 panel to map the other 18, however, produced parallel RH maps for comparison of gene order at a resolution of <5 Mb on the bovine linkage map and from 1 to 3 Mb in the human physical map.
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393
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Yang YP, Loosmore SM, Underdown BJ, Klein MH. Nasopharyngeal colonization with nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae in chinchillas. Infect Immun 1998; 66:1973-80. [PMID: 9573078 PMCID: PMC108152 DOI: 10.1128/iai.66.5.1973-1980.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colonization of the nasopharynx by a middle ear pathogen is the first step in the development of otitis media in humans. The establishment of an animal model of nasopharyngeal colonization would therefore be of great utility in assessing the potential protective ability of candidate vaccine antigens (especially adhesins) against otitis media. A chinchilla nasopharyngeal colonization model for nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) was developed with antibiotic-resistant strains. This model does not require coinfection with a virus. There was no significant difference in the efficiency of NTHI colonization between adult (1- to 2-year-old) and young (2- to 3-month-old) animals. However, the incidence of middle ear infection following nasopharyngeal colonization was significantly higher in young animals (83 to 89%) than in adult chinchillas (10 to 30%). Chinchillas that had recovered either from a previous middle ear infection caused by NTHI or from an infection by intranasal inoculation with NTHI were completely protected against nasopharyngeal colonization with a homologous strain and were found to be the best positive controls in protection studies. Systemic immunization of chinchillas with inactivated whole-cell preparations significantly protected animals not only against homologous NTHI colonization but also partially against heterologous NTHI infection. In all protected animals, significant serum anti-P6 and anti-HMW antibody responses were observed. The outer membrane P6 and high-molecular-weight (HMW) proteins appear to be promising candidate vaccine antigens to prevent nasopharyngeal colonization and middle ear infection caused by NTHI.
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394
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Gallagher DS, Yang YP, Burzlaff JD, Womack JE, Stelly DM, Davis SK, Taylor JF. Physical assignment of six type I anchor loci to bovine chromosome 19 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Anim Genet 1998; 29:130-4. [PMID: 9699273 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2052.1998.00239.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A bovine bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library was screened for the presence of eight type I anchor loci previously used within hybrid somatic cells and an interspecies hybrid backcross to construct a genome map of bovine chromosome 19 (BTA19). Six out of eight loci were identified in the BAC library (NF1, CRYB1, CHRNB1, TP53, GH1 and P4HB). The BACs were then used in single-colour fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to assign these genes to BTA19 band locations. Gene order was determined by single-colour FISH, and was confirmed by dual-colour FISH to mitotic and meiotic chromosomes. The order, centromere-NF1-CRYB1-CHRNB1-TP53-GH1-P4HB, was in agreement with the order determined by linkage analyses. In addition, the order of CHRNB1 and TP53, previously unresolved by linkage analyses, was established. These data provide high-resolution cytogenetic anchorage of the BTA19 genome map from chromosome bands 14-22.
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395
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Loosmore SM, Yang YP, Oomen R, Shortreed JM, Coleman DC, Klein MH. The Haemophilus influenzae HtrA protein is a protective antigen. Infect Immun 1998; 66:899-906. [PMID: 9488373 PMCID: PMC107993 DOI: 10.1128/iai.66.3.899-906.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/1997] [Accepted: 12/30/1997] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The htrA gene from two strains of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae has been cloned and sequenced, and the encoded approximately 46-kDa HtrA proteins were found to be highly conserved. H. influenzae HtrA has approximately 55% identity with the Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium HtrA stress response proteins, and expression of the H. influenzae htrA gene was inducible by high temperature. Recombinant HtrA (rHtrA) was expressed from E. coli, and the purified protein was found to have serine protease activity. rHtrA was found to be very immunogenic and partially protective in both the passive infant rat model of bacteremia and the active chinchilla model of otitis media. Immunoblot analysis indicated that HtrA is antigenically conserved in encapsulated and nontypeable H. influenzae species. Site-directed mutagenesis was performed on the htrA gene to ablate the endogenous serine protease activity of wild-type HtrA, and it was found that eight of nine recombinant mutant proteins had no measurable residual proteolytic activity. Two mutant proteins were tested in the animal protection models, and one, H91A, was found to be partially protective in both models. H91A HtrA may be a good candidate antigen for a vaccine against invasive H. influenzae type b disease and otitis media and is currently in phase I clinical trials.
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396
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Yang YP, Rexroad CE, Schläpfer J, Womack JE. An integrated radiation hybrid map of bovine chromosome 19 and ordered comparative mapping with human chromosome 17. Genomics 1998; 48:93-9. [PMID: 9503021 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1997.5143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We recently constructed a 5000-rad cattle whole-genome radiation hybrid panel with the primary objective of integrating linkage maps of microsatellites with evolutionarily conserved genes into one ordered map. This study utilized the panel to construct a radiation hybrid (RH) map of bovine chromosome 19 (BTA19). Twelve microsatellites from different cattle linkage maps, 15 coding genes, and 2 expressed sequence tags were placed on the BTA19 RH map, with 16 of the markers ordered with odds of at least 1000:1. When the BTA19 RH map was compared with human chromosome 17 cytogenetic and RH maps, rearrangements in linear order were revealed for homologous genes on these two chromosomes that are totally conserved at the level of synteny mapping. Radiation hybrids, which have to date been used almost exclusively in mapping the human genome, are a potentially powerful resource for constructing maps for other species and for ordered comparative mapping between species.
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397
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Chong P, Chan N, Kandil A, Tripet B, James O, Yang YP, Shi SP, Klein M. A strategy for rational design of fully synthetic glycopeptide conjugate vaccines. Infect Immun 1997; 65:4918-25. [PMID: 9393776 PMCID: PMC175709 DOI: 10.1128/iai.65.12.4918-4925.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study describes a strategy to rationally design fully synthetic glycopeptide conjugate vaccines. Glycopeptide immunogens were constructed by coupling synthetic oligosaccharides comprising repeating units of synthetic 3-beta-D-ribose-(1-1)-D-ribitol-5-phosphate (sPRP) to synthetic peptides containing potent T-helper cell determinants and B-cell epitopes of the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) outer membrane proteins (OMPs) P1, P2, and P6. Rabbit immunogenicity studies revealed that some of these fully synthetic glycoconjugates were capable of eliciting high titers of both anti-PRP and anti-OMP immunoglobulin G antibodies. In addition, we systematically investigated the factors which could influence their immunogenicity. We observed that the magnitude of the anti-PRP antibody response markedly depended on the relative spatial orientation of sPRP and T-cell epitopes, the anti-PRP antibody response was enhanced when a multiple antigenic peptide was used as a carrier, the anti-PRP antibody response was optimal for three PRP repeating units, and lipidation of peptide-PRP conjugates had a minimal effect on the magnitude of the anti-PRP antibody response. The results of this study clearly demonstrate that coupling a carbohydrate hapten to a peptide can provide T-cell help and convert it into a T-cell-dependent antigen. The antisera raised against these conjugates were also found to be protective against Hib infection in the infant rat model of bacteremia.
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398
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Loosmore SM, Yang YP, Coleman DC, Shortreed JM, England DM, Klein MH. Outer membrane protein D15 is conserved among Haemophilus influenzae species and may represent a universal protective antigen against invasive disease. Infect Immun 1997; 65:3701-7. [PMID: 9284140 PMCID: PMC175527 DOI: 10.1128/iai.65.9.3701-3707.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have cloned and sequenced the d15 gene from two strains of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and two strains of nontypeable H. influenzae (NTHI). The nucleotide and deduced protein sequences of d15 are highly conserved, with only a small variable region identified near the carboxyl terminus of the protein. Analysis of upstream sequences revealed that the H. influenzae d15 gene may be part of a large potential operon of closely spaced open reading frames, including one with significant homology to the Escherichia coli cds gene encoding CDP-diglyceride synthetase. Southern blot analysis demonstrated that the d15 gene is also present in H. influenzae types a, c, d, e, and f and in Haemophilus parainfluenzae. A recombinant D15 (rD15) protein was expressed in good quantity in E. coli from the inducible T7 promoter, and monospecific anti-rD15 antibodies were raised. Immunoblot analysis of H. influenzae serotypes a, b, c, d, e, and f, NTHI, and H. parainfluenzae lysates revealed that they all expressed a cross-reactive D15-like protein. Purified rD15 was found to be highly immunogenic in mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits, and passive transfer of anti-rD15 antibodies protected infant rats from challenge with H. influenzae type b or type a in infant rat models of bacteremia. Thus, D15 is a highly conserved antigen that is protective in animal models and it may be a useful component of a universal subunit vaccine against Haemophilus infection and disease.
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399
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Yang YP, Munson RS, Grass S, Chong P, Harkness RE, Gisonni L, James O, Kwok Y, Klein MH. Effect of lipid modification on the physicochemical, structural, antigenic and immunoprotective properties of Haemophilus influenzae outer membrane protein P6. Vaccine 1997; 15:976-87. [PMID: 9261944 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(96)00296-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The outer membrane lipoprotein, P6 of Haemophilus influenzae was studied to determine the importance of the native palmitoyl moiety on its physicochemical and immunological properties. A recombinant P6 (rP6) molecule devoid of lipidation signal sequence was expressed in Escherichia coli and its properties were compared to those of the palmitylated protein purified from H. influenzae. The isoelectric point of rP6 was more acidic than that of the native protein and also exhibited less secondary structure than P6 as judged by circular dichroism. However, both forms of P6 induced identical P6-specific antibody titers in guinea pigs when Freund's adjuvant was used. These antisera reacted with a panel of overlapping P6 peptides in a comparable manner and in addition, rabbit antisera raised against the P6 peptides reacted equally well with P6 and rP6. Furthermore, all human convalescent sera tested exhibited similar anti-P6 and anti-rP6 antibody titers. However, rP6 was less immunogenic than P6 when administered either without adjuvant or in alum and when tested in competitive inhibition studies with anti-P6 antibodies, was a less effective inhibitor than native P6, suggesting a diminution in some of the antigenic activity of rP6. In spite of these differences, rP6 was capable of eliciting a protective antibody response against live H. influenzae type b challenge in a modified infant rat model of bacteremia. These findings demonstrate that the non-fatty acylated rP6 could possibily be substituted for native P6 in a vaccine against H. influenzae.
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400
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Yang YP, Womack JE. Construction of a bovine chromosome 19 linkage map with an interspecies hybrid backcross. Mamm Genome 1997; 8:262-6. [PMID: 9096107 DOI: 10.1007/s003359900406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Interspecific hybrid backcross animals from a Bos taurus x Bos gaurus F1 female were used to construct a linkage map of bovine Chromosome (Chr) 19. This map includes eight previously unmapped type I anchor loci, CHRNB1, CRYB1, GH1, MYL4, NF1, P4HB, THRA1, TP53, and five microsatellite markers, HEL10, BP20, MAP2C, ETH3, BMC1013, from existing linkage maps. The linkage relationship was determined to be centromere-HEL10-18.8cM-NF1-4.0cM-CRYB1-11 .2cM-(BP20, CHRNB1, TP53)-4.0cM-(MAP2C, GH1, MYL4, THRA1)-14.4cM-P4HB-11.2cM-ETH3-4. 0cM-BMC1013. It was previously revealed that bovine Chr 19 contains the largest known conserved autosomal synteny among human, bovine, and mouse. This study has shown that gene orders within this segment are not conserved among the three species. We propose structural changes in an ancestral mammalian chromosome to account for these differences. This is the first interspecific hybrid backcross used in bovine linkage studies, and it has proven to be an effective tool for incorporating bovine type I loci into the linkage map even with the small sample size presently available. This resource will facilitate the generation of comparative linkage maps that address gene order and effectively predict the locations of unmapped loci across species.
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