Optical characterization of thin films by guided waves

The study of guided waves in a thin layer allows a precise characterization of refractive index and thickness. Optical anisotropy can also be measured. We show how this technique can be applied to the characterization of a multilayer structure.

Surface optical coatings by ion assisted deposition techniques: study of uniformity

Uniformity of layers produced by IAD strongly depends on the characteristics of the ion beam: optical characterization is made by guided wave measurements. The thickness and refractive index including anisotropy must be considered separately to interpret the measured uniformity.

The central projections of the great auricular nerve primary afferent fibers--an HRP transganglionic tracing method

A study of the central distribution of the primary afferent fibers of the great auricular nerve (GAN) was made in 18 rabbits by means of transganglionic transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). HRP applied to the cut central end of the GAN was detected ipsilaterally in the dorsal root ganglion cells (segments C2-C3) and the superior cervical ganglion cells. The transganglionically labeled fibers were seen in the dorsal column of the upper 4 cervical segments and in the cranial nerve nuclei of the medulla oblongata. The afferent projections were rather strong in the regions of laminae I-V of C2, the caudal subnucleus of the nucleus of the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve (NVSpc), the solitary nucleus (SN), the medial and lateral cuneate nuclei, etc. The results showed that the primary afferent impulses of the GAN and the peripheral nerves which supply the head, face, trunk and viscera might converge on the upper cervical cord, the NVSpc and the SN, and play a certain role of modulation on the transmission of somaticovisceral sensations, especially pain.

Restoration of longitudinal images

In this paper, a method of restoring longitudinal images is developed. By using the transfer function for longitudinal objects, and inverse filtering, a longitudinal image may be restored. The Fourier theory and sampling theorems for transverse images cannot be used directly in the longitudinal case. A modification and reasonable approximation are introduced. We have numerically established a necessary relationship between just-resolved longitudinal separation (after inverse filtering), noise level, and the taking conditions of object distance and lens diameter. An empirical formula is also found to well-fit the computed results. This formula may be of use for designing optical systems which are to image longitudinal details, such as in robotics or microscopy.

Patterns of mortality differentials by marital status in low mortality countries

"This study examined mortality differentials by marital status in 11 low-mortality countries [for the period 1950-1980]. The results show that, in general, unmarried populations have a higher mortality rate than that of married populations. A more detailed analysis indicates that each country has its distinctive marital mortality features which are associated with cultural regions (East and West) but are not related to developmental factors. When marital mortality patterns of the East and West are compared, it demonstrates that mortality rates of never-married Asian women are strikingly higher than that of their Western counterparts. This phenomenon has persisted during the last two decades. Two possible cultural interpretations are suggested: differential family support theses versus differential marital selection." (SUMMARY IN CHI)

The superiority of combined therapy (surgery and postoperative irradiation) in parotid cancer

A retrospective evaluation was done on 120 patients treated for parotid cancer. The aim of the study was to establish the role of postoperative radiation therapy. Fifty-nine patients were treated by surgery plus postoperative radiation therapy. Two patients were treated by preoperative irradiation. The overall 5-, 10-, and 15-year survival rates were 81%, 62%, and 65%, respectively. Postoperative radiation therapy proved to increase local control over surgery alone whenever (1) there was locally advanced disease, (2) the tumor belonged to a so-called poorly differentiated variety, (3) the treatment was given for a recurrent lesion, and/or (4) there was tumor involvement of the facial nerve. It did not appear that postoperative radiation therapy increased the survival for patients with low-grade malignant tumors. Radiation therapy should be given as early as possible after surgery and the optimum dose ranges from 3,000 to 5,000 rad given in three to five weeks, respectively.