The group 2 metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist LY379268 rescues neuronal, neurochemical and motor abnormalities in R6/2 Huntington's disease mice

Excitotoxic injury to striatum by dysfunctional cortical input or aberrant glutamate uptake may contribute to Huntington's disease (HD) pathogenesis. Since corticostriatal terminals possess mGluR2/3 autoreceptors, whose activation dampens glutamate release, we tested the ability of the mGluR2/3 agonist LY379268 to improve the phenotype in R6/2 HD mice with 120-125 CAG repeats. Daily subcutaneous injection of a maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of LY379268 (20mg/kg) had no evident adverse effects in WT mice, and diverse benefits in R6/2 mice, both in a cohort of mice tested behaviorally until the end of R6/2 lifespan and in a cohort sacrificed at 10weeks of age for blinded histological analysis. MTD LY379268 yielded a significant 11% increase in R6/2 survival, an improvement on rotarod, normalization and/or improvement in locomotor parameters measured in open field (activity, speed, acceleration, endurance, and gait), a rescue of a 15-20% cortical and striatal neuron loss, normalization of SP striatal neuron neurochemistry, and to a lesser extent enkephalinergic striatal neuron neurochemistry. Deficits were greater in male than female R6/2 mice, and drug benefit tended to be greater in males. The improvements in SP striatal neurons, which facilitate movement, are consistent with the improved movement in LY379268-treated R6/2 mice. Our data indicate that mGluR2/3 agonists may be particularly useful for ameliorating the morphological, neurochemical and motor defects observed in HD.

The reconstruction of lung alveolus-like structure in collagen-matrigel/microcapsules scaffolds in vitro

This study attempted to use collagen–Matrigel as extracellular matrix (ECM) to supply cells with three-dimensional (3D) culture condition and employ alginate-poly-l-lysine-alginate (APA) microcapsules to control the formation of alveolus-like structure in vitro. We tested mice foetal pulmonary cells (FPCs) by immunohistochemistry after 2D culture. The alveolus-like structure was reconstructed by seeding FPCs in collagen–Matrigel mixed with APA microcapsules 1.5 ml. A self-made mould was used to keep the structure from contraction. Meanwhile, it provided static stretch to the structure. After 7, 14 and 21 days of culture, the alveolus-like structure was analysed histologically and immunohistochemically, or by scanning transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We also observed these structures under inverted phase contrast microscope. The expression of pro-surfactant protein C (SpC) was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We obtained fibroblasts, epithelial cells and alveolar type II (AE2) cells in FPCs. In the reconstructed structure, seeding cells surrounding the APA microcapsules constructed alveolus-like structures, the size of them ranges from 200 to 300 μm. In each reconstructed lung tissue sheet, microcapsules had integrity. Pan-cytokeratin, vimentin and SpC positive cells were observed in 7- and 14-day cultured structures. TEM showed lamellar bodies of AE2 cells in the reconstructed tissues whereas RT-PCR expressed SpC gene. Primary mice FPCs could form alveolus-like structures in collagen–Matrigel/APA microcapsules engineered scaffolds, which could maintain a differentiated state of AE2 cells.

Gastroportal shunt for portal hypertension in children

PURPOSE

Extrahepatic portal venous obstruction is the most common cause of portal hypertension in children. The Rex shunt has been used successfully to treat patients with extrahepatic portal hypertension. In the conventional Rex shunt, the internal jugular vein is used as a venous graft. Inevitably, such a procedure requires neck exploration and sacrifice of internal jugular vein. The authors describe a novel adaptation of gastroportal shunt, successfully carried out in 8 children with extrahepatic portal hypertension.

METHODS

The mean age of the 8 patients (6 boys and 2 girls) was 66.6 months at the time of operation. All children had portal hypertension. Seven had a history of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and 4 had splenomegaly and hypersplenism. Gastroportal shunt was performed in all patients. The left gastric vein was mobilized and anastomosed to left portal vein. In 1 patient, the left gastric vein was not of adequate length and required a venous graft (the inferior mesenteric vein). All patients were followed up for 3 to 20 months (median, 9 months).

RESULTS

The gastroportal shunt was successfully performed in all patients. The median operative time was 265 minutes (range, 205-360 minutes). Operative blood loss was 21 ± 7.4 mL, and the length of hospital stay varied from 9 to 19 days (median, 15 days). Intraoperative portal venous angiography demonstrated the patency of the shunt in all patients. Postoperatively, the complete blood count normalized, and the biochemistry tests were within reference range. Postoperative ultrasound confirmed shunt patency and satisfactory flow in the gastroportal shunt in each patient. The size of spleen decreased. There was no recurrence of variceal bleeding.

CONCLUSIONS

The gastroportal shunt is an effective treatment of extrahepatic portal hypertension.

Tunable radiation source by coupling laser-plasma-generated electrons to a periodic structure

Near-infrared radiation around 1000 nm generated from the interaction of a high-density MeV electron beam, obtained by impinging an intense ultrashort laser pulse on a solid target, with a metal grating is observed experimentally. Theoretical modeling and particle-in-cell simulation suggest that the radiation is caused by the Smith-Purcell mechanism. The results here indicate that tunable terahertz radiation with tens GV/m field strength can be achieved by using appropriate grating parameters.

N-(2-Aza-niumyleth-yl)carbamate monohydrate

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C(3)H(8)N(2)O(2)·H(2)O, the organic mol-ecule exists as zwitterion with the carboxyl group deprotonated and the amino group protonated. In the crystal, the components are linked by O-H⋯O and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

Evolution of the cagA promoter in a laboratory strain of Helicobacter pylori after long-term multiple subcultures

AIM: To assess the genetic stability of the cagA promoter in a laboratory strain (26695) of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) after long-term multiple subcultures.

METHODS: The promoter regions in the cagA genes of 54 subclones of the H. pylori 26695 strain, which has been subcultured many times for a long term, were amplified. PCR products were sequenced and analyzed using Vector NTI Suite 6 software.

RESULTS: Twenty-two (40.74%) strains had identical sequence with the H. pylori 26695 strain, while 32 strains (59.26%) had mutations (including substitutions, deletions and insertions) at different sites. Mutations in T17C and A199C were found in 5 (15.63%) and 14 (43.75%) strains, respectively. Both single nucleotides or dinucleotides at positions 159 and 160 were found missing in 12 (37.5%) strains, while one strain had two A insertions after position 160 in the promoter of cagA.

CONCLUSION: Subcultures can lead to mutations in the cagA promoter in H. pylori 26695.

Association between a single nucleotide polymorphism in the bovine chemerin gene and carcass traits in Qinchuan cattle

Qinchuan is a red or yellow draft and beef breed in China. In order to identify a predictor of carcass traits on the basis of associations between carcass traits and gene polymorphism, variation in the bovine chemerin gene was investigated using PCR-single-strand conformational polymorphism and DNA sequencing. An SNP of A868G located in exon 2 of the Bos taurus chemerin gene was detected in 716 samples of six breeds (Jiaxian red, Luxi, Nan yang, Qinchuan, Simmental and Luxi crossbred steers, and Xia'nan), all in China, and three genotypes (AA, AG and GG) were found. Based on the χ(2) test, the AA/AG/GG genotype frequencies of all six breeds were found to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. A possible association of A868G with some carcass traits was investigated in 106 Qinchuan cattle. Animals with the AG genotype were found to have significantly lower mean loin eye area and meat tenderness compared to those with the AA and GG genotypes. However, there was no significant association between any individual haplotype and backfat thickness, water holding capacity or marbling score. We suggest that A868G could be used as a molecular marker in marker-assisted selection for carcass traits.

Immunologic changes during Pandemic (H1N1) 2009, China

We analyzed changes in immunologic values over time for 28 hospitalized patients with pandemic (H1N1) 2009. Levels of interleukin-6, interferon-y, and interleukin-10 increased 1 day after illness onset and then decreased to baseline levels. Levels of virus-specific antibody were undetectable 1 day after illness onset and peaked 36 days later.

Immunologic changes during Pandemic (H1N1) 2009, China

We analyzed changes in immunologic values over time for 28 hospitalized patients with pandemic (H1N1) 2009. Levels of interleukin-6, interferon-γ, and interleukin-10 increased 1 day after illness onset and then decreased to baseline levels. Levels of virus-specific antibody were undetectable 1 day after illness onset and peaked 36 days later.

A novel polymorphism of the myogenin gene is associated with body measurement traits in native Chinese breeds

Using PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing technology, we examined the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the bovine MyoG gene with body measurement traits in 779 individuals of six native Chinese cattle breeds, namely Luxi, Luxi × Simmental crossbred, Nanyang, Xia'nan, Jiaxian red, and Qinchuan. A novel SNP, T314C, was detected. Allelic frequencies of MyoG-T/C in the six breeds were 0.8308/0.1692, 0.8774/0.1226, 0.8021/0.1979, 0.8209/0.1791, 0.8630/0.1370, 0.8044/0.1956, respectively. Least squares analysis revealed a significant (P < 0.05) association of the MyoG SNP with rump length in four breeds (Luxi, Xia'nan, Jiaxian red, and Qinchuan), with hucklebone width in three breeds (Luxi × Simmental crossbred, Nanyang and Xia'nan), with waist height in two breeds (Luxi × Simmental crossbred and Nanyang) and with body length in the Luxi breed. We conclude that the MyoG SNP has potential as a genetic marker for economically relevant body measurement traits in native Chinese cattle breeds.

The effect of valproic acid in alleviating early death in burn shock

The aim of this study was to examine whether administration of valproic acid (VPA) improves blood circulation and survival after lethal burn shock. Forty adult male Beagle dogs underwent a 50% TBSA full-thickness flame injury. In the first 24 h after burn, animals were randomly divided into four groups: NR group received no treatment. VPA group and 2M2P(2-methyl-2-pentenoic acid) group received either VPA or 2M2P (100 mg of the either drug in 20 mL of normal saline) intravenously. VR group received intravenous infusion of lactated Ringer's solution according to Parkland formula. In the second 24 h after burn the animals of all groups received delayed IV fluid resuscitation. Hemodynamic variables and biochemical parameters were determined with animals in the conscious and cooperative state. From 4 h after burn on, the levels of mean arterial pressure, cardiac index, plasma volume and intestinal mucosal blood perfusion in VPA group were significantly higher, and the levels of parameters of organ function and serum tumor necrosis factor-α were lower than those in NR group and 2M2P group (all P<0.05). Survival at 72 h after burn was in following order: VR (100%)>VPA (60%)>2M2P (30%)>NR (10%). Our results showed that histone deacetylace inhibitor (HDACI) valproic acid significantly improved hemodynamics, intestinal perfusion, and the survival rate after lethal burn shock. The mechanism may be attributable partly to the lowering of the level of proinflammatory factors, ameriolation of vasopermeability-induced visceral edema, reduction of blood volume loss, and protection of vital organs through inhibition of histone deacetylase activity of cell of vital organs.

Lack of an association between a single nucleotide polymorphism in the bovine myogenic determination 1 (MyoD1) gene and meat quality traits in indigenous Chinese cattle breeds

The myogenic determination 1 (MyoD1) gene is a member of the MyoD gene family. It encodes for skeletal muscle-specific transcription factors containing highly conserved basic helix-loop-helix regions that perform important roles in the initiation, maintenance, and regulation of phenotypic traits. We investigated a new single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the MyoD1 gene to evaluate whether this polymorphism affects meat quality traits in five Chinese indigenous cattle breeds, namely Qinchuan (QC), Xia-Nan (XN), Nan-yang (NY), Luxi (LX), and Jia-xian red (JXR). A C→G transversion at position 624 was detected in exon 1 of the MyoD1 gene; it causes an amino acid substitution ((624)serine/(624)cysteine). Least squares analysis showed that this SNP is not significantly associated with back fat thickness, eye muscle area, intramuscular fat, or marbling. The A/B allelic frequencies in the five breeds were 0.810/0.189, 0.779/0.220, 0.768/0.231, 0.820/0.180, and 0.801/0.198, respectively. Based on the χ(2) test, the genotype distributions of four cattle breeds (LX, NY, QC, and XN) did not agree with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P < 0.05); one breed (JXR) did not deviate significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.05). The genotypic frequencies among all five cattle breeds showed moderate diversity (0.25 < polymorphism information content < 0.5). We concluded that the C624G SNP of the MyoD1 gene does not influence meat quality traits in indigenous Chinese cattle breeds; however, this SNP could be included in breed composition and population admixture analyses due to the marked differences in allelic frequencies among these five breeds.

A novel SNP of the C/EBPα gene associated with superior meat quality in indigenous Chinese cattle

CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) is an essential transcriptional factor regulating the differentiation of adipocytes. We report a novel single nucleotide polymorphism (C271A) of the C/EBPα gene in six indigenous Chinese cattle breeds using PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing methods. Allele frequencies were investigated and evaluated by the χ(2) test in 817 individuals; all populations were found to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Gene heterozygosity, effective allele numbers and polymorphism information content of the C/EBPα locus varied from 0.50 to 0.54, 1.84 to 1.99 and 0.35 to 0.37, respectively. We also evaluated a potential association of the C/EBPα SNP with ultrasound traits in 555 individuals; individuals of the AA genotype had greater ultrasound backfat thickness than did genotype CC (0.36 versus 0.34 cm, P < 0.01); genotypes AA and CA had higher ultrasound marbling scores than did genotype CC (3.53, 3.52 versus 3.37, P < 0.05). Analysis based on meat quality data in another 204 Qinchuan cattle showed that animals with genotype AA had bigger loin eye areas than did genotype CA (87.10 versus 79.08 cm(2), P < 0.05). These results indicate that the C271A SNP of the C/EBPα gene could be used as a molecular marker for selecting beef cattle with superior carcass traits.

Molecular characterization, polymorphism of the ACOX1 gene and association with ultrasound traits in Bos taurus

Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ACOX1) is the first enzyme in peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation; it is rate-limiting and plays a key role in fatty acid metabolism and fat deposition. ACOX1 is an important candidate gene for meat quality selection through marker-assisted selection. Genomic structural analysis showed that bovine ACOX1 shares 86% identity with human ACOX1. Using PCR-SSCP technology, we discovered a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (A1865C) in exon 13 of the ACOX1 gene. Allele frequencies of this SNP were investigated and evaluated with the χ(2) test in 641 cattle populations; only the Jiaxian red population was not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Gene heterozygosity, effective allele numbers and polymorphism information content of the bovine ACOX1 locus in seven populations varied from 0.2778 to 0.4954, 1.3846 to 1.9817 and 0.2392 to 0.3727, respectively. We also looked for a potential association of this SNP with ultrasound traits in 327 individuals and found a significant effect on ultrasound backfat thickness and ultrasound marbling score (P < 0.05). Meat quality traits were analyzed in another 71 Qinchuan individuals to determine associations with genotype. Animals with genotype AA had higher mean values of backfat thickness than those with genotypes AC and CC. A represents the base before mutation and C represents the base after mutation. We conclude that this SNP of the ACOX1 gene has potential as a genetic marker for meat quality traits in cattle reproduction and breeding.

Posterolateral spinal fusion with nano-hydroxyapatite-collagen/PLA composite and autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a rabbit model

Spinal fusion is routinely performed to treat low back pain caused by degeneration of intervertebral discs. An autologous bone graft derived from the iliac crest is the standard procedure used for spinal fusion. However, several shortcomings, including pseudarthrosis, pain and the need for blood transfusion are known to be associated with the procedure. Our study analysed the effectiveness of a new mineralized collagen matrix, nano-hydroxyapatite-collagen-polylactic acid (nHAC-PLA), combined with autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) as a graft material for posterolateral spinal fusion in a rabbit model. Forty rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: autologous iliac crest bone group (ACB), nHAC-PLA composite group (nHAC-PLA), autologous iliac crest bone mixed with nHAC-PLA composite group (ACB + nHAC-PLA), and nHAC-PLA composite combined with ADMSCs (ADMSCs + nHAC-PLA). The viability and the proliferation of the ADMSCs seeded on the scaffolds were evaluated by live/dead kit and MTT assay in vitro, respectively. Lumbar posterolateral fusions were assessed by manual palpation, radiographical and histological procedures, mechanical strength and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) in 10 weeks of observation. The results showed that the rate of fusion was significantly higher in the ACB and ADMSCs + nHAC-PLA groups than that in the nHAC-PLA and ACB + nHAC-PLA groups. It was not significantly higher in the ACB group than in the ADMSCs + nHAC-PLA group. From microstructural analysis of the samples using histological staining methods, there was more new bone-like tissue formation in the ACB and ADMSCs + nHAC-PLA groups than that in the other two groups at the 10th postoperative week. Our study demonstrated the effective impact of nHAC-PLA combined with ADMSCs in rabbit posterolateral spinal fusion.

Late hematoma, seroma, and galactocele in breasts injected with polyacrylamide gel

Late hematoma or seroma and galactocele caused by augmentation mammaplasty have been reported in patients with silicon breast prostheses but are extremely rare in patients injected with polyacrylamide gel (PAAG). In a retrospective survey, the incidence, clinical manifestations, and management of late hematoma, seroma, and galactocele in 28 of 2,610 patients who underwent breast augmentation with PAAG injection were investigated, and 5 typical cases are presented. The diagnostic and managing methods for this complication have been assessed. The incidence of late hematoma or seroma was 0.65% and that of galactocele was 0.35% among patients with PAAG-injected breast augmentations. The clinical onsets of such late PAAG complications were of two types: rapid enlargement in 17 patients and progressive expansion in another 11 patients. Aspiration, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are useful and sensitive tools for diagnosis. Foreign body reaction, PAAG-related tissue necrosis and fibrosis, and granuloma were shown, and the bacterial cultures in all 12 cases were negative. Needle aspiration with pressure dressing has been advocated as a reliable method for small diseases, and surgical exploration with irrigation-vacuum drainage and evacuation with capsulectomy have been considered more effective for recurrent, large, and long-term cases. In conclusion, these late complications rarely present after large-volume injections of PAAG for breast augmentation. The PAAG-related pathologic inflammatory tissue changes are suggested as the pathogenesis for the complication. Trauma and breastfeeding are considered to be stimulating factors.

A novel polymorphism of the GDF₁₀ gene and its association with body measurement traits in Chinese indigenous cattle

Body measurement traits are known to play numerous important roles in the assessment of productivity and economic value. They are influenced by several factors, among which genetic factors are predominant. The gene GDF₁₀ is involved in skeletal morphogenesis and is associated with body measurement traits. It may be an important candidate gene for marker-assisted selection. We used the PCR-SSCP technology to examine a possible association of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (G142A) of the bovine GDF₁₀ gene with body measurement traits in 417 animals belonging to six different Chinese cattle populations: Xue long (Xl), Luxi (Lx), Qinchuan (Qc), Jiaxian red (Jx), Xianang (Xn), and Nanyang (Ny). In the Jx population, least squares analysis revealed significant effects on hip width, chest depth and chest circumference. The animals with the GG genotype had higher mean values than those with the GA genotype for all three traits. We conclude that the SNP of the GDF₁₀ gene could be a very useful genetic marker for body traits in Jx cattle reproduction and breeding.

Characterization of metaproteomics in crop rhizospheric soil

Soil rhizospheric metaproteomics is a powerful scientific tool to uncover the interactions between plants and microorganisms in the soil ecosystem. The present study established an extraction method suitable for different soils that could increase the extracted protein content. Close to 1000 separate spots with high reproducibility could be identified in the stained 2-DE gels. Among the spots, 189 spots representing 122 proteins on a 2-DE gel of rice soil samples were successfully identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS. These proteins mainly originated from rice and microorganisms. They were involved in protein, energy, nucleotide, and secondary metabolisms, as well as signal transduction and resistance. Three characteristics of the crop rhizospheric metaproteomics seemed apparent: (1) approximately one-third of the protein spots could not be identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF/MS, (2) the conservative proteins from plants formed a feature distribution of crop rhizospheric metaproteome, and (3) there were very complex interactions between plants and microorganisms existing in a crop rhizospheric soil. Further functional analysis on the identified proteins unveiled various metabolic pathways and signal transductions involved in the soil biotic community. This study provides a paradigm for metaproteomic research on soil biology.

Assessment of comparative genomic hybridization experiment by an in situ synthesized CombiMatrix microarray with Yersinia pestis vaccine strain EV76 DNA

OBJECTIVE

The quality of microarray data influences the accuracy of comparative genomic analyses to a large extent. To ensure that the results obtained by using an in situ synthesized microarray are accurate, data quality is to be assessed by evaluating the melting temperature (Tm) of probes, probability of false synthesis rates, and fragmentation of labeled targets.

METHODS

DNA from the Yersinia pestis vaccine strain EV76 was used for microarray analyses. Microarray results were confirmed by PCR. Statistical and bioinformatics methods were employed to perform microarray data analyses and evaluation.

RESULTS

Correlation coefficients of the three datasets were above 0.95 after two-time stripping and hybridization with a labeled DNA with the size of fragmentation being 200 bp - 2 kb, which showed that the hybridization results were highly reproducible. Correlation coefficients were lower with the values ranging from 0.87 to 0.92 between the datasets generated from hybridization with different sizes of the labeled DNA fragment. For the relationship between Tm and signal intensity, there was a different distribution of Tm in the lowest 300 or 3,000 probes with a range of 70 °C-72 °C and the highest 300 or 3,000 probes with a range of 72 °C-74 °C.

CONCLUSION

The results of this study suggest that the initial microarray design may affect the accuracy of final analyses and that the probe Tm and the size of the labeled fragment may be the two factors of the greatest importance.

Treatment of infantile hemangioma with optimal pulse technology

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

The treatment of infantile hemangioma must address both the effectiveness of the treatment and have as few adverse events as possible for the patient as a result of the therapy. The intense pulsed light (IPL) source can be useful in this regard in treating infantile hemangioma. IPL with optimal pulse technology (OPT) represents a new generation of IPLs and in this clinical investigation, the efficacy and adverse event profiles of treating infantile hemangiomas with an IPL with OPT will be reviewed.

METHODS

A total of 62 patients with infantile hemangiomas were included in this clinical trial. The mean age of the patients was 6 months old. The Fitzpatrick skin types for those enrolled was either Type III or Type IV. Each patient was subjected to a treatment protocol which included four to five IPL treatments at 4-week intervals. The patients were then assessed at 3 months following their last IPL treatment and clinical improvement was determined by comparisons of pre- and post-therapy photographs. The parents of the patients were asked to score their overall satisfaction with the treatments.

RESULTS

From the clinical trial presented, 76% of the infantile hemangiomas were noted to improve with great satisfaction in this clinical trial. A clearance rate of more than 80% was observed. Adverse events, as a result of the IPL treatment, was minimal with less than 5% of the treatments resulting in an adverse event, all of which were noted to be transient in nature. No scarring or pigmentary disturbances were seen in any of the patients evaluated.

CONCLUSIONS

This new generation IPL with OPT can be considered a safe and effective modality for the treatment of infantile hemangioma. Marked improvement was noted in the majority of study patients and adverse events were noted to be minimal.

Coherent terahertz emission of intrinsic Josephson junction stacks in the hot spot regime [corrected]

We report on THz emission measurements and low temperature scanning laser imaging of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 intrinsic Josephson junction stacks. Coherent emission is observed at large dc input power, where a hot spot and a standing wave, formed in the "cold" part of the stack, coexist. By changing bias current and bath temperature, the emission frequency can be varied by more than 40%; the variation matches the Josephson-frequency variation with voltage. The linewidth of radiation is much smaller than expected from a purely cavity-induced synchronization. Thus, an additional mechanism seems to play a role. Some scenarios, related to the presence of the hot spot, are discussed.

Bis[dieth-yl(hy-droxy)ammonium] benzene-1,4-dicarboxyl-ate

In the centrosymmetric title compound, 2C₄H₁₂NO⁺·C₈H₄O₄²⁻, two N,N-dieth­yl(hy­droxy)ammonium cations are linked to a benzene-1,4-dicarboxyl­ate dianion by a combination of O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which can be described in graph-set terminology as R₂²(7). The crystal structure is further stabilized by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, leading to the fomation of a ribbon-like network.