401
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Atkinson J, Braddick O, French J. Contrast sensitivity of the human neonate measured by the visual evoked potential. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1979; 18:210-3. [PMID: 761974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were recorded from a total of 97 1- to 10-day-old infants, with phase-reversing sinusoidal grating stimuli. The grating contrast or spatial frequency for which 50% of infants gave a statistically significant VEP was taken as a measure of threshold. This procedure yielded an estimate of neonatal acuity of 0.85 cycles/degree and an optimal contrast threshold of 50%. VEPs from an older infant showed good agreement with behavioral measures of sensitivity on the same individual. Comparison of the neonatal VEP results with behavioral data from 5-week-old infants, suggests little change in visual performance over the first month of life.
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402
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403
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404
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Abstract
Photorefraction of a sample of 93 infants of ages 1 day to 12 months showed that 63 percent of the subjects had astigmatism of 0.75 diopter or greater, and 12 percent greater than 2 diopters. Seventy percent of these astigmatisms were in the horizontal-vertical meridians. By comparison, only 8 percent of a sample of 26 adults tested by the same method showed astigmatism (all 0.75 to 1 diopter). The high incidence of infant astigmatism has implications for critical periods in human visual development and for infant acuity.
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405
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Balazs T, Herman E, Atkinson J. Comparison of effects of quinidine and dihydroquinidine on canine heart. J Pharm Sci 1978; 67:1355-7. [PMID: 702278 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600671005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Various cardiac effects of quinidine and dihydroquinidine were tested in isolated dog hearts and in vivo in dogs. No significant differences were found in the negative inotropic, chronotropic, and dromotropic effects. Dihydroquinidine was more potent than quinidine in decreasing coronary arterial pressure.
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406
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Atkinson J, Braddick O. Visual development in the human infant. Arch Ital Biol 1978; 116:352-7. [PMID: 749714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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407
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Atkinson J, Kirchertz EJ, Peters-Haefeli L. Effect of peripheral clonidine on ingestive behavior. Physiol Behav 1978; 21:73-7. [PMID: 693637 DOI: 10.1016/0031-9384(78)90279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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408
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409
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410
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Atkinson J, Braddick O, Moar K. Development of contrast sensitivity over the first 3 months of life in the human infant. Vision Res 1977; 17:1037-44. [PMID: 595412 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6989(77)90007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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411
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Atkinson J, Braddick O, Moar K. Contrast sensitivity of the human infant for moving and static patterns. Vision Res 1977; 17:1045-47. [PMID: 595413 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6989(77)90008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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412
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Harris L, Atkinson J, Braddick O. Visual contrast sensitivity of a 6-month-old infant measured by the evoked potential. Nature 1976; 264:570-1. [PMID: 1004598 DOI: 10.1038/264570a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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413
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Meo T, Bernoc M, Bernoco D, Ceppellini R, Atkinson J. Mapping of the HLA locus controlling C2 structural variants and linkage disequilibrium between alleles C22 and Bw15. Eur J Immunol 1976. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830061216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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414
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Atkinson J, Francis MR, Campbell FW. The dependence of the visual numerosity limit on orientation, colour, and grouping in the stimulus. Perception 1976; 5:335-42. [PMID: 980675 DOI: 10.1068/p050335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Visual numerosity judgements were made for tachistoscopically presented arrays of dots. The arrangement within the arrays was either linear or such that dots could be easily perceptually subdivided into two groups. Subdivision was either in terms of an orientation difference, a colour difference, or a spacing difference in the centre of the array. For a large difference in orientation between the two 'arms' of the array (90 degrees), or a large central space (three times the interdot interval) up to 8 dots were accurately perceived. This numerosity limit was twice that found for equivalent linear arrays, with no grouping. Although in terms of accuracy it seems that in these conditions the two groups within each array can be counted independently, there is no evidence for independent processing in terms of response times. From the results of a subsidiary experiment it seems likely that the slow response times in the subgrouping conditions are due to the necessity of processes other than counting (such as judgements of symmetry). For arrays where subgrouping was in teems of a colour difference, or an orientation difference of between approximately 45 degrees and 90 degrees, or a small central space of twice the interdot interval, there was an improvement in accuracy compared to equivalent linear arrays, but no evidence of independent processing, up to a limit of 4, in each of the subgroups. From these preliminary results, tentative proposals concerning 'numerosity' units and their properties are made.
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415
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Atkinson J, Campbell FW, Francis MR. The magic number 4 +/- 0: a new look at visual numerosity judgements. Perception 1976; 5:327-34. [PMID: 980674 DOI: 10.1068/p050327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Visual numerosity judgements were made for tachistoscopically presented linear arrays of dots or lines. The interelement interval (which could be specified in spatial frequency terms) was constant for a given array but varied across conditions. A clear limit in the accuracy of numerosity judgements was found to be set at 4 for regularly spaced elements with spatial frequencies below approximately 10 cycles/deg (element and interelement interval of 0-05 deg). This limit in terms of accuracy is accompanied by a fast and almost constant response time for arrays of 4 or less, compared to response times for arrays of more than 4 elements. The limit in accuracy falls to 2 elements rather than 4 for spacing narrower than 0-05 deg alghough with such spacing the elements are still easily resolved. The limit of 4 is found if the stimulus is a bright afterimage, lasting for approximately 60 s. This result suggests that the limit is independent of the time allowed for a single fixation and is a perceptual limit rather than a limit in some memory buffer. 'Numerosity' units are propsoed to account for the results.
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416
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Atkinson J. [The effect of coffee and coffee components on the stomach muscle]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ERNAHRUNGSWISSENSCHAFT 1976; 15:156-63. [PMID: 969705 DOI: 10.1007/bf02018436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The isolated stomach muscle strip preparation works well when given pure compounds which are stable and non-toxic. When complex test mixtures such as coffee are used, however, the results are more difficult to interpret. This is probably due to non-specific effects of such mixtures, e.g. induction of changes in organ bath pH, etc. In spite of the above remark, differences in the effects of decaffeinated and normal instant coffees were clearly seen. The so-called "wholesome" coffees gave results identical to those obtained with normal instant coffee. In general, coffee induced muscle contraction followed by relaxation. Choline (possibly together with potassium) would appear to be responsible for the contractions observed, and caffeine for the relaxation.
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417
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Abstract
The ability to make discrimiations of binocular disparity was investigated in 2-month-old infnats by two methods: (a)fixation preference between patterns differing in the disparity they contained, and (b)recovery from habituation of high-amplitude sucking when there was a change in disparity in the visual reinforcer. The stimuli were random-dot steregrams. The results for both mthods indicated that at least some infants of this age could perform steroscopic discriminations and that both techniques were feasible for development for longitudinal studies of steroscopic vision.
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418
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Schmid M, Atkinson J. An automatic device for the isolated rabbit heart preparation for testing cardioactive drugs. THE JOURNAL OF LABORATORY AND CLINICAL MEDICINE 1975; 85:703-6. [PMID: 1120936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An automatic device for the isolated rabbit heart is described. Test solutions are perfused from reservoirs via valves, the sequence and time of opening of which is controlled by a programmable unit. The perfusate was pushed through the heart at a constant flow-rate, with pressure measurement serving as an indicator of preparation stability. The system worked well giving reproducible results without tedious, repetitive manual work. The results obtained with caffeine were in line with those reported in the literature, there being a dose-dependent increase in rate and force of contraction.
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419
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Aeschbacher HU, Atkinson J, Domahidy B. The effect of caffeine on barbiturate sleeping time and brain level. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1975; 192:635-41. [PMID: 1120961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of caffeine and coffee on the sleeping time induced by barbital was tested in rats. It was found that caffeine pretreatment shortened barbital-induced sleeping time and that coffee had an effect in direct proportion to its caffeine content; decaffeinated coffee was without effect. It was hypothesized that the shortening was due to an interaction at the brain level. This hypothesis was tested using hexobarbital which is metabolized by the liver whereas barbital is only negligibly so metabolized. Pretreatment with caffeine was found to shorten the hexobarbital sleeping time even though the brain concentration of the latter was actually elevated. It was also shown that caffeine pretreatment was much less effective than phenobarbital pretreatment in stimulating the enzyme systems in the liver which metabolize hexobarbital, aminopyrine and ethylmorphine (in vitro). Consequently, it is concluded that caffeine stimulation of liver metabolism is a relatively minor factor in the shortening of barbiturate sleeping time by caffeine in comparison to the brain interaction of these two drugs.
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420
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Sheehan DM, Atkinson J. Comparative costs of state hospital and community-based inpatient care in Texas: who benefits most? HOSPITAL & COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRY 1974; 25:242-4. [PMID: 4814626 DOI: 10.1176/ps.25.4.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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421
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422
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423
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Greenberg L, Diena BB, Ashton FA, Wallace R, Kenny CP, Znamirowski R, Ferrari H, Atkinson J. Gonococcal vaccine studies in Inuvik. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE 1974; 65:29-33. [PMID: 4205640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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424
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Rauschecker JP, Campbell FW, Atkinson J. Colour opponent neurones in the human visual system. Nature 1973; 245:42-3. [PMID: 4583129 DOI: 10.1038/245042a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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425
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Atkinson J, Egeth H. Right hemisphere superiority in visual orientation matching. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 1973; 27:152-8. [PMID: 4711489 DOI: 10.1037/h0082464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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426
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Atkinson J. Properties of human visual orientation detectors: a new approach using patterned afterimages. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 1973; 98:55-63. [PMID: 4704214 DOI: 10.1037/h0034277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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427
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Atkinson J, Ladinsky H. A quantitative study of the anticholinergic action of several tricyclic antidepressants on the rat isolated fundal strip. Br J Pharmacol 1972; 45:519-24. [PMID: 5072235 PMCID: PMC1666156 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1972.tb08109.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Investigations were carried out on the antagonism of the action of carbamylcholine chloride on the isolated fundus of the rat stomach by several tricyclic antidepressants.2. The anticholinergic potency of the compounds was in the order: GP 45437>amitriptyline>protriptyline>desmethylimipramine>opipramol. All of the antagonists were less effective than atropine.3. Statistical analysis was carried out to determine whether the theory of competitive antagonism would fit the data obtained.
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428
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Atkinson J, MacCallum J. The thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon copolymers—I. Head-to-head poly(α-methyl styrene). Eur Polym J 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-3057(72)90122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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429
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Atkinson J, MacCallum J. The thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon copolymers—II. Products of copolymers incorporating α-methyl styrene. Eur Polym J 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-3057(72)90123-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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430
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Burdette M, Atkinson J, Anderson H. A summer in Afghanistan. JFMA, THE JOURNAL OF THE FLORIDA MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. FLORIDA MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1972; 59:47-51. [PMID: 5031361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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431
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Atkinson J, Vohra P, Kratzer FH. The effect of available dietary zinc on the utilization of protein by the chick and Japanese quail. Br J Nutr 1972; 27:461-6. [PMID: 4624166 DOI: 10.1079/bjn19720114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
1. Chicks and quail (Coturnix japonica) were used in the measurement of net protein utilization and true digestibility of nitrogen of isolated soya-bean protein and a mixture of casein and gelatin in zinc-deficient diets.2. The net protein utilization values for both protein sources were increased when the diets were supplemented with Zn or with the disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid, as was the true digestibility of nitrogen of the isolated soya-bean protein.
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432
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433
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434
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Waller M, Duma RJ, Farley ED, Atkinson J. The influence of infection on titres of antiglobulin antibodies. Clin Exp Immunol 1971; 8:451-9. [PMID: 5314108 PMCID: PMC1712919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of acute and chronic infection and hypergammaglobulinaemia on the titres of anti-globulin antibodies was studied in 128 patients. Very high titres of serum agglutinators were found to be associated with gram positive septicaemia. This infection had no influence on the titres of rheumatoid factors. Elevated titres of serum agglutinators may be helpful in differentiating `benign' from `malignant' gammopathy.
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435
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Atkinson J, Carpenter KJ. Nutritive value of meat meals. 3. Value of meat meals as supplements to a cereal basal diet: limiting amino acids in these diets. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 1970; 21:373-376. [PMID: 5476030 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.2740210709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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436
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Atkinson J, Carpenter KJ. Nutritive value of meat meals. II. Influence of raw materials and processing on protein quality. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 1970; 21:366-373. [PMID: 5476029 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.2740210708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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437
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Atkinson J, Carpenter KJ. Nutritive value of meat meals. I. Possible growth depressant factors. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 1970; 21:360-365. [PMID: 5476028 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.2740210707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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438
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439
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Anstis SM, Atkinson J. Distortions in moving figures viewed through a stationary slit. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 1967; 80:572-85. [PMID: 6081393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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440
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441
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Cochrane C, Atkinson J. Surgical treatment of aortic stenosis by valve replacement. NURSING MIRROR AND MIDWIVES JOURNAL 1965:1-3. [PMID: 5175050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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442
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Atkinson J. Prescribing Costs. West J Med 1961. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.5224.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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443
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Atkinson J. Case of Shrapnel-wound of Larynx. Proc R Soc Med 1923; 16:15. [PMID: 19982934 PMCID: PMC2103707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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444
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Atkinson J. Papilloma of the Right Laryngeal Ventricle, with Blood Cyst of Vocal Cord. Proc R Soc Med 1922; 15:45-46. [PMID: 19982342 PMCID: PMC2102808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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445
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Atkinson J. Mikulicz's Disease. Proc R Soc Med 1913; 6:1-2. [PMID: 19976806 PMCID: PMC2006702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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446
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Atkinson J. Royal Medical Benevolent College. West J Med 1887. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.1381.1359-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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447
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Atkinson J. A Jubilee Fund for Epsom College. West J Med 1887. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.1378.1190-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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448
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Atkinson J. A Jubilee Fund for Epsom College. West J Med 1887. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.1377.1134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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449
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Atkinson J. Reply to Dr. Kinglake on the Obstetric Practice. THE LONDON MEDICAL AND PHYSICAL JOURNAL 1816; 36:96-100. [PMID: 30493791 PMCID: PMC5596784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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450
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Atkinson J. Remarks on Dr. Kinglake's Observations on the Obstetric Practice. THE LONDON MEDICAL AND PHYSICAL JOURNAL 1816; 35:3-7. [PMID: 30493859 PMCID: PMC5610974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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