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Pillai SC, Kelly JM, McCormack DE, Ramesh R. Self-assembled arrays of ZnO nanoparticles and their application as varistor materialsElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: XRD plots and FESEM images. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/jm/b4/b400927d/. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1039/b400927d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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202
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O'Donoghue KA, Kelly JM, Kruger PE. Unusual photophysical switching in a Ru(ii) diimine DNA probe caused by amide functionalisation. Dalton Trans 2004:13-5. [PMID: 15356735 DOI: 10.1039/b312524f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Whereas the complex [Ru(phen)2Medpq]2+(phen=1,10-phenanthroline; Medpq=2-methyldipyrido[3,2-f:2',3'-h]-quinoxaline) is luminescent in both aqueous and nonaqueous solutions, [Ru(phen)2dpqa]2+(2-pentylamidodipyrido[3,2-f:2',3'-h]-quinoxaline) does not emit in water but does so strongly in organic solvents or when bound to DNA--suggesting its use as a photochemical and photophysical probe for nucleic acids.
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Kelly JM, Taylor MC, Rudenko G, Blundell PA. Transfection of the African and American trypanosomes. Methods Mol Biol 2003; 47:349-59. [PMID: 7550751 DOI: 10.1385/0-89603-310-4:349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Wilkinson SR, Horn D, Prathalingam SR, Kelly JM. RNA interference identifies two hydroperoxide metabolizing enzymes that are essential to the bloodstream form of the african trypanosome. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:31640-6. [PMID: 12791697 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m303035200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Detoxification of hydroperoxides in trypanosomes is mediated by a series of linked redox pathways that are dependent on the parasite-specific thiol trypanothione for reducing equivalents. These pathways are characterized by differences in subcellular location, electron transport molecules, and substrate specificity. To determine the functional significance of the enzymes involved, we have used a tetracycline-inducible RNA interference system to down-regulate expression of each of the corresponding transcripts in bloodstream form Trypanosoma brucei. We have identified two peroxidases, a cytosolic peroxiredoxin (TbCPX) and a member of the non-selenium glutathione-dependent peroxidase family (TbGPXI), that appear to be essential for the viability of this clinically relevant stage of the parasite life cycle. The addition of tetracycline to the cultures resulted in a major reduction in mRNA levels and enzyme activity, a dramatic fall in growth rate, and significant cell death. Furthermore, within 20 h of adding tetracycline, cells in which the cytosolic peroxiredoxin transcript was targeted were found to be 16-fold more susceptible to killing by exogenous hydrogen peroxide. We also observed that knockdown of the tryparedoxin TbT-PNI, a thioredoxin-like protein that facilitates electron transport to both TbCPX and TbGPXI, resulted in a reduction in growth rate. These experiments therefore identify redox pathways that are essential for oxidative defense in T. brucei and validate the corresponding peroxidases as targets for drug design.
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Muhia DK, Swales CA, Eckstein-Ludwig U, Saran S, Polley SD, Kelly JM, Schaap P, Krishna S, Baker DA. Multiple splice variants encode a novel adenylyl cyclase of possible plastid origin expressed in the sexual stage of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:22014-22. [PMID: 12668669 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m301639200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the characterization of an unusual adenylyl cyclase gene from Plasmodium falciparum, here designated PfACalpha. The level of mRNA expression is maximum during development of gametocytes (the sexual blood stage of the parasite life cycle). The gene is highly interrupted by 22 introns, and reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis revealed that there are multiple mRNA splice variants. One intron has three alternative 3'-splice sites that confer the potential to encode distinct forms of the enzyme using alternative start codons. Deduced amino acid sequences predict membrane-spanning regions, the number of which can vary between two and six depending on the splice variant. Expression of a synthetic form of two of these variants in Xenopus oocytes and in Dictyostelium adenylyl cyclase-deficient mutants, confirms that PfACalpha is a functional adenylyl cyclase. These results identify a novel mechanism in P. falciparum for the generation of multiple isoforms of a key, membrane-bound signaling molecule from a single genomic copy. Comparisons of the catalytic domains of PfACalpha and a second putative P. falciparum adenylyl cyclase (PfACbeta) with those from other species reveal an unexpected similarity with adenylyl cyclases from certain prokaryotes including the cyanobacteria (blue green algae). In addition, the presence of an unusual active site substitution in a position that determines substrate specificity, also characteristic of these prokaryotic forms of the enzyme, further suggests a plastid origin for the Plasmodium cyclases.
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Dyer J, Blau WJ, Coates CG, Creely CM, Gavey JD, George MW, Grills DC, Hudson S, Kelly JM, Matousek P, McGarvey JJ, McMaster J, Parker AW, Towrie M, Weinstein JA. The photophysics of fac-[Re(CO)3(dppz)(py)]+ in CH3CN: a comparative picosecond flash photolysis, transient infrared, transient resonance Raman and density functional theoretical study. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2003; 2:542-54. [PMID: 12803077 DOI: 10.1039/b212628a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photophysical properties of fac-[Re(CO)3(dppz)(py)]+ (1, where dppz = dipyrido[3,2-a: 2',3'-c]phenazine) in CH3CN have been investigated using a series of complementary techniques including visible and infrared transient absorption and resonance Raman spectroscopy on the picosecond and nanosecond timescales. The results confirm previous reports that the lowest-lying emissive state in 1 is a triplet intra-ligand (3IL) state localised on the dppz ligand and have provided detailed information on the dynamics of 1 upon photoexcitation, including the relative energies of the excited state species encountered and the electronic distribution within these. If the dppz ligand is viewed in terms of phenanthroline (phen) and phenazine (phz) moieties, the emissive state is probably more accurately described as a 3 pi-->pi *(phz) IL state. The picosecond studies have shown that this emissive state is formed, at least in part, within 30 ps of excitation from a precursor, which is possibly a 3 pi-->pi *(phen) IL state. On the nanosecond timescale, TRIR has been employed to elucidate further dynamics and reveal the presence of an energetically close-lying state in equilibrium with the emissive state. This has tentatively been assigned as being 3d pi(Re)-->pi *(phz) metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) in nature. A summary of the photophysics is proposed in the form of a Jablonski scheme. Time dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations support the relative ordering and suggested electronic character of the excited state species involved.
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species are the unwanted by-products of aerobic metabolism. To protect cells against their potentially lethal effects a series of pathways have evolved that are collectively called the oxidative defence system. In most eukaryotes, catalases and selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidases form the front line of defence against hydroperoxide-mediated damage. However, these activities are lacking in members of the Trypanosomatidae family of protozoan parasites. Instead these organisms contain several enzyme-mediated pathways for removal of hydroperoxides that are centred upon the unusual thiol trypanothione. Here we discuss the biochemical properties of one group of these enzymes, the non-selenium glutathione-dependent peroxidases, and outline the roles that they play in protecting the parasite against hydroperoxides associated with biological membranes.
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McBride RA, Kelly JM, McCormack DE. Growth of well-defined ZnO microparticles by hydroxide ion hydrolysis of zinc saltsElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: SEM images of initial precipitate and of particles formed by Method A. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/jm/b2/b211723c/. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1039/b211723c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pillai SC, Kelly JM, McCormack DE, O'Brien P, Ramesh R. The effect of processing conditions on varistors prepared from nanocrystalline ZnO. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1039/b306280e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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211
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Cream CW, Kavanagh YT, O'Keeffe CM, Lawler MP, Stevenson C, Davies RJH, Boyle PH, Kelly JM. Targeting of photooxidative damage on single-stranded DNA representing the bcr-abl chimeric gene using oligonucleotide-conjugates containing [Ru(phen)3](2+)-like photosensitiser groups. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2002; 1:1024-33. [PMID: 12661602 DOI: 10.1039/b207387k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photooxidative damage was induced predominantly at a single guanine base in a target DNA by irradiation (lambda > 330 nm) in the presence of complementary oligodeoxynucleotide conjugates (ODN-5'-linker-[Ru(phen)3]2+) (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline). The target DNA represents the b2a2 variant of the chimeric bcr-abl gene implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukaemia, and the sequence of the 17mer ODN component of the conjugate (3' G G T A G T T A T T C C T T C T T 5') was complementary to the junction region of the sense strand sequence of this oncogene. Two different conjugates were prepared, both of them by reaction of the appropriate succinimide ester with 5'-hexylamino-derivatised 17mer ODN. In Ru-ODN-1 (7) the linker was -(CH2)6-NHCO-bpyMe (-bpyMe = 4'-[4-methyl-2,2'-bipyridyl]), whereas in Ru-ODN-2 (13) it was -(CH2)6-NHCO-(CH2)3-CONH-phen. Photoexcitation of either of the conjugates when hybridised with the 32P-5'-end-labelled target 34mer 5'T G A C C A T C A A T A A G G A A G A A G21 C C C T T C A G C G G C C 3' (ODN binding site underlined) led to an alkali-labile site predominantly (> 90%) at the G21 base, which is at the junction of double-stranded and single-stranded regions of the hybrid. Greater yields were found with Ru-ODN-1 (7) than with Ru ODN-2 (13). In contrast to this specific cleavage with Ru-ODN-1 (7) or Ru-ODN-2 (13), alkali-labile sites were generated at all guanines when the 34mer was photolysed in the presence of the free sensitiser [Ru(phen)3]2+. Since [Ru(phen)3]2+ was shown to react with 2'-deoxyguanosine to form the diastereomers of a spiroiminodihydantoin derivative (the product from 1O2 reaction), 1O2 might also be an oxidizing species in the case of Ru-ODN-1 (7) and Ru-ODN-2 (13). Therefore to determine the range of reaction, a series of 'variant' targets was prepared, in which G21 was replaced with a cytosine and a guanine substituted for a base further towards the 3'-end (e.g. Variant 3; 5'T G A C C A T C A A T A A G G A A G A A C C G23 C T T C A G C G G32 C C3'). While it was noted that efficient reaction took place at distances apparently remote from the photosensitiser (e.g at G32, but not G23 for Variant 3), this effect could be attributed to hairpinning of the single-stranded region of the target. These results are therefore consistent with the photooxidative damage being induced by a reaction close to the photosensitiser rather than by a diffusible species such as 1O2.
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Wilkinson SR, Obado SO, Mauricio IL, Kelly JM. Trypanosoma cruzi expresses a plant-like ascorbate-dependent hemoperoxidase localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:13453-8. [PMID: 12351682 PMCID: PMC129694 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.202422899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In most aerobic organisms hemoperoxidases play a major role in H(2)O(2)-detoxification, but trypanosomatids have been reported to lack this activity. Here we describe the properties of an ascorbate-dependent hemoperoxidase (TcAPX) from the American trypanosome Trypanosoma cruzi. The activity of this plant-like enzyme can be linked to the reduction of the parasite-specific thiol trypanothione by ascorbate in a process that involves nonenzymatic interaction. The role of heme in peroxidase activity was demonstrated by spectral and inhibition studies. Ascorbate could saturate TcAPX activity indicating that the enzyme obeys Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Parasites that overexpressed TcAPX activity were found to have increased resistance to exogenous H(2)O(2). To determine subcellular location an epitope-tagged form of TcAPX was expressed in T. cruzi, which was observed to colocalize with endoplasmic reticulum resident chaperone protein BiP. These findings identify an arm of the oxidative defense system of this medically important parasite. The absence of this redox pathway in the human host may be therapeutically exploitable.
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Wilkinson SR, Taylor MC, Touitha S, Mauricio IL, Meyer DJ, Kelly JM. TcGPXII, a glutathione-dependent Trypanosoma cruzi peroxidase with substrate specificity restricted to fatty acid and phospholipid hydroperoxides, is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. Biochem J 2002; 364:787-94. [PMID: 12049643 PMCID: PMC1222628 DOI: 10.1042/bj20020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, it had been thought that trypanosomes lack glutathione peroxidase activity. Here we report the subcellular localization and biochemical properties of a second glutathione-dependent peroxidase from Trypanosoma cruzi (TcGPXII). TcGPXII is a single-copy gene which encodes a 16 kDa protein that appears to be specifically dependent on glutathione as the source of reducing equivalents. Recombinant TcGPXII was purified and shown to have peroxidase activity towards a narrow substrate range, restricted to hydroperoxides of fatty acids and phospholipids. Analysis of the pathway revealed that TcGPXII activity could be readily saturated by glutathione and that the peroxidase functioned by a Ping Pong mechanism. Enzyme reduction was shown to be the rate-limiting step in this pathway. Using immunofluorescence, TcGPXII was shown to co-localize with a homologue of immunoglobulin heavy-chain binding protein (BiP), a protein restricted to the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. As the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the site of phospholipid and fatty acid biosynthesis, this suggests that TcGPXII may play a specific role in the T. cruzi oxidative defence system by protecting newly synthesized lipids from peroxidation.
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Reid GD, Whittaker DJ, Day MA, Turton DA, Kayser V, Kelly JM, Beddard GS. Femtosecond electron-transfer reactions in mono- and polynucleotides and in DNA. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:5518-27. [PMID: 11996595 DOI: 10.1021/ja0172363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Quenching of redox active, intercalating dyes by guanine bases in DNA can occur on a femtosecond time scale both in DNA and in nucleotide complexes. Notwithstanding the ultrafast rate coefficients, we find that a classical, nonadiabatic Marcus model for electron transfer explains the experimental observations, which allows us to estimate the electronic coupling (330 cm(-1)) and reorganization (8070 cm(-1)) energies involved for thionine-[poly(dG-dC)](2) complexes. Making the simplifying assumption that other charged, pi-stacked DNA intercalators also have approximately these same values, the electron-transfer rate coefficients as a function of the driving force, DeltaG, are derived for similar molecules. The rate of electron transfer is found to be independent of the speed of molecular reorientation. Electron transfer to the thionine singlet excited state from DNA obtained from calf thymus, salmon testes, and the bacterium, micrococcus luteus (lysodeikticus) containing different fractions of G-C pairs, has also been studied. Using a Monte Carlo model for electron transfer in DNA and allowing for reaction of the dye with the nearest 10 bases in the chain, the distance dependence scaling parameter, beta, is found to be 0.8 +/- 0.1 A(-1). The model also predicts the redox potential for guanine dimers, and we find this to be close to the value for isolated guanine bases. Additionally, we find that the pyrimidine bases are barriers to efficient electron transfer within the superexchange limit, and we also infer from this model that the electrons do not cross between strands on the picosecond time scale; that is, the electronic coupling occurs predominantly through the pi-stack and is not increased substantially by the presence of hydrogen bonding within the duplex. We conclude that long-range electron transfer in DNA is not exceptionally fast as would be expected if DNA behaved as a "molecular wire" but nor is it as slow as is seen in proteins, which do not benefit from pi-stacking.
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Wilkinson SR, Meyer DJ, Taylor MC, Bromley EV, Miles MA, Kelly JM. The Trypanosoma cruzi enzyme TcGPXI is a glycosomal peroxidase and can be linked to trypanothione reduction by glutathione or tryparedoxin. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:17062-71. [PMID: 11842085 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111126200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi glutathione-dependent peroxidase I (TcGPXI) can reduce fatty acid, phospholipid, and short chain organic hydroperoxides utilizing a novel redox cycle in which enzyme activity is linked to the reduction of trypanothione, a parasite-specific thiol, by glutathione. Here we show that TcGPXI activity can also be linked to trypanothione reduction by an alternative pathway involving the thioredoxin-like protein tryparedoxin. The presence of this new pathway was first detected using dialyzed soluble fractions of parasite extract. Tryparedoxin was identified as the intermediate molecule following purification, sequence analysis, antibody studies, and reconstitution of the redox cycle in vitro. The system can be readily saturated by trypanothione, the rate-limiting step being the interaction of trypanothione with the tryparedoxin. Both tryparedoxin and TcGPXI operate by a ping-pong mechanism. Overexpression of TcGPXI in transfected parasites confers increased resistance to exogenous hydroperoxides. TcGPXI contains a carboxyl-terminal tripeptide (ARI) that could act as a targeting signal for the glycosome, a kinetoplastid-specific organelle. Using immunofluorescence, tagged fluorescent proteins, and biochemical fractionation, we have demonstrated that TcGPXI is localized to both the glycosome and the cytosol. The ability of TcGPXI to use alternative electron donors may reflect their availability at the corresponding subcellular sites.
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Kelly JM, Long C, O'Connell CM, Vos JG, Tinnemans AHA. Preparation, spectroscopic characterization, and photochemical and electrochemical properties of some bis(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) and tetracarbonyltungsten(0) complexes of 6-p-tolyl-2,2'-bipyridyl and of 6-p-styryl-2,2'-bipyridyl and its copolymers. Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ic00162a011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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218
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Bonneau R, Kelly JM. Flash photolysis of chromium hexacarbonyl in perfluorocarbon solvents. Observation of a highly reactive chromium pentacarbonyl. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00523a080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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219
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Kambour RP, Kelly JM, McKinley BJ, Cauley BJ, Inglefield PT, Jones AA. Spectroscopic studies of diluent motion in glassy plasticized blends. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00188a008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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220
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McCullough JJ, Kelly JM. The Photoaddition of 2-Cyclohexenone and Norbornadiene.1 Studies in Photochemistry. I. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00976a047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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221
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Ennis PM, Kelly JM. Photoredox reactions of a positively charged water-soluble polymer containing covalently bound tris(2,2'-bypridyl)ruthenium(II)-like centers: N-ethylated copolymers of 4-vinylpyridine and bis(2,2'-bipyridyl)(4-methyl-4'-vinyl-2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100352a018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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222
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Creaven BS, George MW, Ginzburg AG, Hughes C, Kelly JM, Long C, McGrath IM, Pryce MT. Laser pulse photolysis and transient infrared investigation into the effect of solvent or substituents (X) on the reactivity of photogenerated benzenechromium (.eta.6-C6H6-yXy)Cr(CO)2 intermediates. Organometallics 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/om00032a040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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223
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Kelly JM, Long C, Bonneau R. Laser flash photolysis of M(CO)6 (M = Cr, Mo, or W) in perfluoromethylcyclohexane. The generation of highly reactive coordinatively unsaturated species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100240a032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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224
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Creaven BS, Dixon AJ, Kelly JM, Long C, Poliakoff M. Structure and reactivity of (.eta.5-C5H5)Mn(CO)2 in room-temperature solution. Evidence for formation of a dinuclear intermediate detected by flash photolysis and time-resolved infrared spectroscopy. Organometallics 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/om00155a026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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225
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Lecomte JP, Kirsch-De Mesmaeker A, Feeney MM, Kelly JM. Ruthenium(II) Complexes with 1,4,5,8,9,12-Hexaazatriphenylene and 1,4,5,8-Tetraazaphenanthrene Ligands: Key Role Played by the Photoelectron Transfer in DNA Cleavage and Adduct Formation. Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ic00130a013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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