Porous NiCo2O4 nanoarray-integrated binder-free 3D open electrode offers a highly efficient sensing platform for enzyme-free glucose detection

Porous binary metal oxide NiCo₂O₄ NWA/CC was prepared and utilized as a 3D binder-free open electrode for enzyme-free sensing with high performance.

NEAT1 upregulates EGCG-induced CTR1 to enhance cisplatin sensitivity in lung cancer cells

Platinum-based drugs are the firstline of treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but resistance to these drugs is a major obstacle to effective chemotherapy. Our previous study revealed that the green tea polyphenol, EGCG, induced cisplatin transporter CTR1 (copper transporter 1) and enhanced cisplatin sensitivity in ovarian cancer. In this study, we found that EGCG upregulated CTR1 and increased platinum accumulation in NSCLC (A549, H460 and H1299) cells, cDDP-resistant A549 cells and a nude mouse xenograft model. Cisplatin-induced inhibition of cell growth was enhanced by EGCG treatment in vitro and in vivo. MicroRNA hsa-mir-98-5p appears to suppress CTR1 gene expression, while long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) appears to enhance it. Bioinformatics analysis showed that hsa-mir-98-5p has specific complementary binding sites for NEAT1. In addition, hsa-mir-98-5p was predicted to be a putative CTR1 target. NEAT1 may act as a competing endogenous lncRNA to upregulate EGCG-induced CTR1 by sponging hsa-mir-98-5p in NSCLC. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism how NEAT1 upregulates EGCG-induced CTR1 and enhances cisplatin sensitivity in vitro and in vivo, and suggest EGCG could serve as an effective adjuvant chemotherapeutic in lung cancer treatment.

[Outcome of patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular ejection fraction less than 50% undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention]

Objective: To investigate the in-hospital and long-term outcomes of patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <50% undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) . Methods: From January to December 2013, 10 445 consecutive patients who underwent PCI in Fuwai Hospital and the LVEF value was available were prospectively included. The patients were divided into LVEF≥50% group (9 896 cases) and LVEF<50% group (549 cases) . The in-hospital and 2-year clinical outcomes were compared between the 2 groups. The association between LVEF<50% and clinical outcomes was assessed using multivariable Cox regression analysis. Results: (1) Compared with LVEF ≥50% group, LVEF< 50% group had higher rates of in-hospital all-cause death (1.1% (6/549) vs. 0.2% (17/9 896) , P<0.01) , cardiac death (1.1% (6/549) vs. 0.1% (12/9 896) , P<0.01) , in-stent thrombosis (0.7% (4/549) vs. 0.2% (18/9 896) , P<0.01) , myocardial infarction (2.4% (13/549) vs. 1.2% (121/9 896) , P<0.05) ,and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) which including death, myocardial infarction, revascularization, in-stent thrombosis, and stroke (3.6% (20/549) vs. 1.4% (137/9 896) , P<0.01) . (2) A total of 10 388 (99.5%) patients completed 2-year follow-up. Compared with LVEF ≥50% group, LVEF<50% group had higher rates of 2-year all-cause death (4.7% (26/549) vs. 1.0% (101/9 896) , P<0.01) , cardiac death (4.0% (22/549) vs. 0.5% (50/9 896) , P<0.01) , in-stent thrombosis (3.1% (17/549) vs. 0.7% (71/9 896) , P<0.001) , myocardial infarction (4.2% (23/549) vs. 1.9% (186/9 896) , P<0.01) ,and MACCE (17.9% (98/549) vs. 11.8% (1 172/9 896) , P<0.01) . There were no significant differences on the rates of 2-year target-vessel revascularization, bleeding and stroke between the two groups. (3) The multivariable Cox regression analysis demonstrated that LVEF< 50% was the independent risk factor of 2-year all-cause death (HR=2.47, 95%CI 1.49-4.08, P<0.01) , cardiac death (HR=3.25, 95%CI 1.79-5.90, P<0.01) , in-stent thrombosis (HR=4.19, 95%CI 2.39-7.34, P<0.01) , myocardial infarction (HR=2.00, 95%CI 1.26-3.16, P<0.01) , and MACCE (HR=1.40, 95%CI 1.13-1.74, P<0.01) . (4) After propensity score matching, all in-hospital outcomes were similar between the two groups, including all-cause death, cardiac death, in-stent thrombosis, myocardial infarction, revascularization, bleeding, stroke, and MACCE (all P>0.05) . After propensity score matching,the multivariable Cox regression analysis demonstrated that LVEF<50% was still an independent risk factor of 2-year all-cause death (HR=3.08, 95%CI 1.37-6.89, P<0.01) , cardiac death (HR= 4.12, 95%CI 1.53-11.07, P<0.01) ,and in-stent thrombosis (HR=3.82, 95%CI 1.27-11.5, P<0.05) . Conclusion: LVEF< 50% is an independent risk factor of 2-year all-cause death, cardiac death, and in-stent thrombosis in patients undergoing PCI, but it does not increase the risk of target-vessel revascularization, bleeding or stroke.

[The association between aflatoxin exposure and primary hepatocellular carcinoma risks: a case-control study in Chongqing]

Objective: To investigate the association between aflatoxin exposure and primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) development. Methods: From December 2013 to May 2016, we selected 214 patients newly diagnosed with PHC as cases, and 214 patients as controls from three hospitals in Chongqing. Cases were confirmed with PHC diagnosis standard. And cases caused by clear reasons such as drug-induced liver injury, alcoholic liver damage, fatty liver and gallstones etiology, were excluded. Controls were included with no cancer and no digestive system disease, and recruited simultaneously with cases. Cases and controls were frequency-matched (1∶1) by same gender and age (±3 years). Peripheral blood and random urine samples were collected and analyzed for serum HBsAg status by biochemistry analyzer, and serum AFB(1)-ALB adduct and urinary AFB(1)-N(7)-GUA adduct by ELISA. Basic information, living habits and history of disease for patients were obtained by questionnaires. We used wilcoxon rank sum test to compare the median of serum AFB(1)-ALB adduct and urinary AFB(1)-N(7)-GUA adduct in cases and controls. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess risk factors for PHC, and synergism index (S) of aflatoxin with other factors was estimated by the method of Andersson. Results: There was no significant difference in age between PHC cases (50.74±9.67) years and controls (51.15±9.90) years. Logistic regression showed that the odds ratio of HBV infection for PHC development was 46.3 (95% CI: 23.3-88.0). There was a significant difference in median concentrations of serum AFB(1)-ALB adduct (cases vs controls: 146.23 vs 74.42 ng/g albumin, P<0.001), but no difference in median concentrations of urinary AFB(1)-N(7)-GUA adduct was observed (cases vs controls: 0.17 vs 0.14 ng/mg creatinine, P<0.210). The odd ratios for PHC risk after adjustment were 1.9 (95%CI: 1.1-3.4) for AFB(1)-ALB adduct, and 2.1 (95%CI: 1.0-4.2) for AFB(1)-N(7)-GUA adduct. Moreover, we observed a positive interaction of aflatoxin exposure with HBV, alcohol drinking, and diabetes. The S was 4.7 (95%CI: 2.8-7.9), 3.5 (95%CI: 1.0-12.0), and 12.4 (95%CI: 1.8-84.2), respectively for serum AFB(1)-ALB adduct with each of the three factors mentioned, and was 1.9 (95%CI:1.1-3.1), 2.0 (95%CI: 1.1-3.6), and 2.0 (95%CI: 1.1-3.6), respectively for urinary AFB(1)-N(7)-GUA adduct with each of the three factors mentioned. Conclusion: HBV was still the main risk factor, and AFB(1) exposure was also an independent risk factor for PHC in Chongqing. There was a positive interaction of aflatoxin with HBV, alcohol drinking, and diabetes.

[Clinical characteristics and prognosis in the patients of stroke after percutaneous coronary intervention]

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis in patients with stroke after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: From January 2013 to December 2013, 10 724 consecutive patients undergoing PCI including acute coronary syndrome and stable angina pectoris were enrolled.A two years' follow up was conducted among these patients to investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with stroke and of those without. A comparison was done between the two groups. Results: One hundred and forty-five patients had stroke (1.4%) during the follow-up period after PCI, including 124 cases with ischemic stroke (1.2%), out of whom 4 (3.2%) patients died; 21 cases with hemorrhagic stroke, out of whom 9 patients (42.9%) died.There was more female, and more patients with risks factors, hypertension, previous myocardial infarction, previous stroke, etc. in the patients with stroke.During the 2-year follow-up, patients with stroke experienced higher incidence of all-cause mortality (9% vs 1.1%, P<0.000 1). There were no significant differences in the incidences of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, revascularization, stent thrombosis and major adverse cardiovascular event rates between the two groups.COX regression analysis showed that stroke after PCI was associated with the increased mortality (HR=8.387, 95%CI: 4.725-14.855, P<0.000 1). Meanwhile, after propensity score matched analyses (129 pairs), the trend was not changed, and stroke was still an independent risk factor of all-cause mortality (HR=6.737, 95%CI: 1.52-29.85, P=0.012). Conclusions: The patients underwent PCI, who had stroke later, had more clinical risk factors, and more serious degree of atherosclerosis.The incidence of stroke is an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality in patients with coronary heart disease after PCI.

[Impact of platelet distribution width on the extent and long-term outcome of patients with stable coronary artery disease post percutaneous coronary intervention]

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between platelet distribution width(PDW) and the extent of coronary artery disease and 2-year outcome in patients received percutaneous coronary artery intervention(PCI) because of stable coronary artery disease(SCAD). Methods: We consecutively enrolled 4 293 patients who received PCI because of SCAD in Fuwai Hospital from Jan 2013 to Dec 2013, patients were followed up for 2 years. Patients were divided into three groups according to tertiles values of PDW as follows: PDW≤11.4%(1 402 patients), 11.4%<PDW≤12.9%(1 441 patients) and PDW>12.9% (1 450 patients). Major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) were defined as the occurrence of death, myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization, intra stent thrombosis and stroke during follow-up. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between PDW and the extent of CAD. Multivariable Cox regression was used to evaluate the relationship between PDW and prognosis of SCAD patients. Results: PDW was associated with diabetes mellitus, body mass index, red cell distribution width, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet counts and glycosylated haemoglobin (P<0.05), but not associated with age, sex, estimated glomerular filtration rate (P>0.05). PDW was not correlated with the extent of CAD(P=0.990), SYNTAX score(P=0.721), no-reflow phenomenon after PCI(P=0.978). Multivariable logistic regression also showed no relationship between PDW and extent of CAD (OR=0.994, 95%CI 0.961-1.029, P=0.73). PDW was found to be an independent risk factor of 2-year cardiac death (HR=1.242, 95%CI 1.031-1.497, P=0.022), but was not an independent risk factor of all-cause death and MACCE. Conclusions: PDW is not related with the extent of coronary artery disease. PDW is an independent risk factor of 2-year cardiac death, but is not an independent risk factor of all-cause death and MACCE in this patient cohort.

Abstract AP30: PHASE IB/II WITH EXPANSION OF PATIENTS AT THE MTD STUDY OF OLAPARIB PLUS WEEKLY (METRONOMIC) CARBOPLATIN AND PACLITAXEL IN RELAPSED OVARIAN CANCER PATIENTS

BACKGROUND: We established the olaparib tablet maximum tolerated dose (MTD) at 150 mg bid, dose limiting toxicities (DLT's) and response to therapy or carboplatin, paclitaxel and olaparib tablet given simultaneously, reported at ASCO 2014. This abstract will include data from both the phase 1b and the phase 2 expansion.

METHODS: A total of 54 subjects were evaluated in this trial, 14 in phase 1b and 40 in phase 2. Eligibility required measurable disease, adequate organ function and ECOG performance status of ~ 2. Subjects had to have failed first line platinum containing chemotherapy. BRCA testing was conducted as available. Subjects received the metronomic therapy of paclitaxel 60mg/m2 IV and carboplatin AUC 2 IV weekly, 3 weeks out of 4, and olaparib tablets at 150 mg bid administered orally for 3 consecutive days (D1-D3) every week for each cycle. Subjects were assessed for toxicity and response according to the protocol. Subjects that reached a confirmed complete remission were transitioned to olaparib tablets only, 300 mg bid until disease progression.

RESULTS: Median age was 58 and median number of prior regimens was 4. There have been no deaths due to the study regimen. One patient had grade 4 neutropenia and an allergic reaction to carboplatin. The common grade 3/4 toxicities were caused by the chemotherapy (neutropenia. anemia and thrombocytopenia). Two patients had mild GI toxicities. One patient had a skin rash. There was no evidence of cardiac, hepatic, or pulmonary toxicities in any of these patients. 25% of subjects had a complete remission (CR), 31% had PR, 23% had SD and 21% had

PD. Of the 13 CRs, 4 were BRCA negative. PFS median for BRCA positive subjects is 12.6 months vs 4.8 months for BRCA negative subjects. OS median for BRCA positive subjects is 24 months vs 16 months for BRCA negative subjects. All of the CR's are alive.

CONCLUSION: Olaparib tablet can be safely administered simultaneously with a weekly regimen of carboplatin and paclitaxel in heavily pretreated ovarian cancer patients. Olaparib appears to be highly effective in BRCA positive subjects. This is the first successful combination of olaparib tablets with carboplatin and paclitaxel that has been well tolerated.

Citation Format: Rivkin SE, Moon J, Iriarte D, Sloan H, Wiseman C, Klee M, Ference K, Drescher C, Veljovich D, Bondurant A, Peters W, Jiang P, Goodman G, Park M, Fer M, Shah C, Johnston E, Kaplan H, Wahl T, Ellis E. PHASE IB/II WITH EXPANSION OF PATIENTS AT THE MTD STUDY OF OLAPARIB PLUS WEEKLY (METRONOMIC) CARBOPLATIN AND PACLITAXEL IN RELAPSED OVARIAN CANCER PATIENTS [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 12-13, 2016; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr AP30.

Comparative clinical characteristics and natural history of three variants of sclerosing cholangitis: IgG4-related SC, PSC/AIH and PSC alone

There is increased interest and recognition of the clinical variants of Sclerosing Cholangitis (SC) namely IgG4-SC, PSC/AIH overlap and PSC. For most Centers, the characteristic of IgG4-SC has not been thoroughly clinically compared with other sclerosing cholangitis variants. Further there are relatively few PSC/AIH overlap patients and the clinical outcome is not well characterized, especially for the PSC/AIH overlap syndrome. Our objective herein is to clarify the differences and similarities of the natural history of IgG4-SC, the PSC/AIH overlap and PSC alone. We also place in perspective the diagnostic value of serum IgG4 for IgG4-SC and investigate biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of sclerosing cholangitis. In this study, we took advantage of our large and well-defined patient cohort to perform a retrospective cohort study including 57 IgG4-SC, 36 PSC/AIH overlap patients, and 55 PSC patients. Firstly, as expected, we noted significant differences among immunoglobulin profiles and all patients exhibited similar cholestatic profiles at presentation. Cirrhotic events were found in 20 of total 57 IgG4-SC, 15 of 36 PSC/AIH overlap, and 18 of 55 PSC patients. Serum IgG4 was elevated in 92.65% of IgG4-SC patients with an 86% sensitivity and 98% specificity for diagnosis. IgG4-SC patients had a better treatment response at 6-month and 1-year than PSC/AIH patients, while the latter responded better with steroids than PSC patients. Importantly the adverse outcome-free survival of IgG4-SC patients was reduced, unlike earlier reports, and therefore similar to the PSC/AIH overlap syndrome. Serum IgG and total bilirubin were useful to predict long-term survival of IgG4-SC and PSC/AIH, respectively. In conclusion, serum IgG4≧1.25 ULN shows an excellent predictability to distinguish IgG4-SC among SC patients. IgG4-SC appears to be immune-mediated inflammatory process, while PSC/AIH overlap more tends to be cholestatic disease.

Low-Resistance Dual-Purpose Air Filter Releasing Negative Ions and Effectively Capturing PM2.5

The fatal danger of pollution due to particulate matter (PM) calls for both high-efficiency and low-resistance air purification materials, which also provide healthcare. This is however still a challenge. Herein, a low-resistance air filter capable of releasing negative ions (NIs) and efficiently capturing PM_2.5 was prepared by electrospinning polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fibers doped with negative ions powder (NIPs). The air-resistance of fibrous membranes decreased from 9.5 to 6 Pa (decrease of 36%) on decreasing the average fiber diameter from 1.16 to 0.41 μm. Moreover, the lower rising rate of air-resistance with reduction in pore size, for fibrous membranes with thinner fiber diameter was verified. In addition, a single PVDF/NIPs fiber was provided with strong surface potentials, due to high fluorine electronegativity, and tested using atomic force microscopy. This strong surface potential resulted in higher releasing amounts of NIs (RANIs). Interestingly, reduction of fiber diameter favored the alleviation of the shielding effects on electric field around fibers and promoted the RANIs from 798 to 1711 ions cc^-1. Moreover, by regulating the doping contents of NIPs, the RANIs increased from 1711 to 2818 ions cc^-1. The resultant fibrous membranes showed low air resistance of 40.5 Pa. Field-tests conducted in Shanghai showed stable PM_2.5 purification efficiency of 99.99% at high RANIs, in the event of haze.