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Brown AM, Janik JM, Murphree ES, King R, Callahan P. Effects of cyclic steroid hormone replacement on prolactin and luteinizing hormone surges in female rats. Reproduction 2004; 128:373-8. [PMID: 15333788 DOI: 10.1530/rep.1.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The ability of steroid hormones to produce an LH or prolactin (PRL) surge was determined in rats ovariectomized at 6, 9 or 13 weeks of age and subjected to one, three or six cycles of estrogen and progesterone replacement. Sensitivity to steroid replacement was dependent on the age of the animal at the time of ovariectomy. Repeated cyclic steroid hormone replacement significantly increased the magnitude of the PRL response, but not the LH response, in animals ovariectomized at 6 weeks. The LH response was significantly altered by cyclic steroid replacement only in animals ovariectomized at 13 weeks. These results indicate that the mechanisms involved in the regulation of PRL secretion are influenced by steroid hormone replacement and that cyclic steroid hormone exposure increases the magnitude of the PRL secretory response.
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Kawohl M, Heine T, Leifheit J, King R. Praktische Anwendung der klassischen optimalen und der robusten optimalen Versuchsplanung auf automatisch generierte biologische Modelle des StammesSaccharomyces cerevisiae. CHEM-ING-TECH 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.200490268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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203
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Stoneham AE, O'Toole TE, de Laforcade AM, King R, Sato AF. RETROPERITONEAL EFFUSION IN DOGS AND CATS. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2004.t01-14-04035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Saravanan R, King R, White J. Transient claw hand owing to a bee sting. A report of two cases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 86:404-5. [PMID: 15125129 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.86b3.14311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We describe two patients with claw hand as a result of a bee sting. It is likely that this was caused by the apamin in the sting which has an effect on the upper limb, at the spinal cord and on the peripheral nerves. It is important to recognise that the claw hand is not owing to compartment syndrome. Both patients were treated conservatively with full resolution within 48 hours, without any lasting effects.
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Dan A, Davis D, Kearney R, Keller A, King R, Kuebler D, Ludwig H, Polan M, Spreitzer M, Youssef A. Web services on demand: WSLA-driven automated management. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1147/sj.431.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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207
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Winfree CJ, Mack WJ, Hoh D, King R, Ducruet AF, D'Ambrosio AL, Sughrue ME, McKinnell J, Connolly ES. Laser Doppler flowmetry in non-human primate stroke studies: model refinement for pre-clinical development of cerebroprotective strategies. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2003; 145:1105-10; discussion 1110. [PMID: 14663568 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-003-0136-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2003] [Revised: 01/01/2003] [Accepted: 01/01/2003] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Safety, feasibility, and efficacy trials in non-human primate stroke models are essential to the evaluation of experimental therapies and their translation to humans. Although Laser Doppler Flowmetry has been successfully employed in rodent stroke to continuously monitor cerebral blood flow, it has not been applied in primate studies. This investigation examined the utility of Laser Doppler Flowmetry in refining an existing baboon model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. METHOD Continuous Laser Doppler Flowmetry monitoring was used, in non-human primates, to document local cerebral blood flow before, during, and after middle cerebral artery territory occlusion. In each baboon (n = 7) a single Doppler probe was placed into the left frontal cortex through a precoronal burr hole. Correlations between Laser Doppler Flowmetry values and latencies to Motor Evoked Potential dropout were compared using a linear regression model. FINDINGS Placement of the Laser Doppler probe was easily accomplished in all animals. Laser Doppler Flowmetry tracings accurately documented blood flow changes that occurred with each technical manipulation during the procedure. Laser Doppler confirmed decreased perfusion that coincided both regionally and temporally with vessel occlusion. Depth of ischemia as measured by Laser Doppler Flowmetry was associated with Motor Evoked Potential dropout latencies for individual animals. CONCLUSIONS Continuous, single probe Laser Doppler Flowmetry is a reliable method of documenting perfusion changes following middle cerebral artery territory occlusion in a baboon model of reperfused stroke. This advanced intraoperative monitoring technique may lead to more accurate evaluation of acute stroke therapies in pre-clinical trials.
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Heine T, Kawohl M, King R. Parameterschätzung für nichtlineare dynamische Modelle auf Basis stark verrauschter, statistisch unvollständig bestimmter Messdaten. CHEM-ING-TECH 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.200390105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Brooks SP, Friel N, King R. Classical model selection via simulated annealing. J R Stat Soc Series B Stat Methodol 2003. [DOI: 10.1111/1467-9868.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kivisild T, Rootsi S, Metspalu M, Mastana S, Kaldma K, Parik J, Metspalu E, Adojaan M, Tolk HV, Stepanov V, Gölge M, Usanga E, Papiha SS, Cinnioğlu C, King R, Cavalli-Sforza L, Underhill PA, Villems R. The genetic heritage of the earliest settlers persists both in Indian tribal and caste populations. Am J Hum Genet 2003; 72:313-32. [PMID: 12536373 PMCID: PMC379225 DOI: 10.1086/346068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2002] [Accepted: 10/29/2002] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Two tribal groups from southern India--the Chenchus and Koyas--were analyzed for variation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), the Y chromosome, and one autosomal locus and were compared with six caste groups from different parts of India, as well as with western and central Asians. In mtDNA phylogenetic analyses, the Chenchus and Koyas coalesce at Indian-specific branches of haplogroups M and N that cover populations of different social rank from all over the subcontinent. Coalescence times suggest early late Pleistocene settlement of southern Asia and suggest that there has not been total replacement of these settlers by later migrations. H, L, and R2 are the major Indian Y-chromosomal haplogroups that occur both in castes and in tribal populations and are rarely found outside the subcontinent. Haplogroup R1a, previously associated with the putative Indo-Aryan invasion, was found at its highest frequency in Punjab but also at a relatively high frequency (26%) in the Chenchu tribe. This finding, together with the higher R1a-associated short tandem repeat diversity in India and Iran compared with Europe and central Asia, suggests that southern and western Asia might be the source of this haplogroup. Haplotype frequencies of the MX1 locus of chromosome 21 distinguish Koyas and Chenchus, along with Indian caste groups, from European and eastern Asian populations. Taken together, these results show that Indian tribal and caste populations derive largely from the same genetic heritage of Pleistocene southern and western Asians and have received limited gene flow from external regions since the Holocene. The phylogeography of the primal mtDNA and Y-chromosome founders suggests that these southern Asian Pleistocene coastal settlers from Africa would have provided the inocula for the subsequent differentiation of the distinctive eastern and western Eurasian gene pools.
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MESH Headings
- Asia, Central/ethnology
- Asia, Western/ethnology
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21
- Chromosomes, Human, Y/genetics
- DNA, Mitochondrial/analysis
- DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics
- Ethnicity/genetics
- Europe
- Gene Frequency
- Genetic Variation
- Genetics, Population
- Haplotypes
- Humans
- India
- Male
- Phylogeny
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Social Class
- Tandem Repeat Sequences
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Sokka SD, King R, Hynynen K. MRI-guided gas bubble enhanced ultrasound heating in in vivo rabbit thigh. Phys Med Biol 2003; 48:223-41. [PMID: 12587906 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/48/2/306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we propose a focused ultrasound surgery protocol that induces and then uses gas bubbles at the focus to enhance the ultrasound absorption and ultimately create larger lesions in vivo. MRI and ultrasound visualization and monitoring methods for this heating method are also investigated. Larger lesions created with a carefully monitored single ultrasound exposure could greatly improve the speed of tumour coagulation with focused ultrasound. All experiments were performed under MRI (clinical, 1.5 T) guidance with one of two eight-sector, spherically curved piezoelectric transducers. The transducer, either a 1.1 or 1.7 MHz array, was driven by a multi-channel RF driving system. The transducer was mounted in an MRI-compatible manual positioning system and the rabbit was situated on top of the system. An ultrasound detector ring was fixed with the therapy transducer to monitor gas bubble activity during treatment. Focused ultrasound surgery exposures were delivered to the thighs of seven New Zealand while rabbits. The experimental, gas-bubble-enhanced heating exposures consisted of a high amplitude 300 acoustic watt, half second pulse followed by a 7 W, 14 W or 21 W continuous wave exposure for 19.5 s. The respective control sonications were 20 s exposures of 14 W, 21 W and 28 W. During the exposures, MR thermometry was obtained from the temperature dependency of the proton resonance frequency shift. MRT2-enhanced imaging was used to evaluate the resulting lesions. Specific metrics were used to evaluate the differences between the gas-bubble-enhanced exposures and their respective control sonications: temperatures with respect to time and space, lesion size and shape, and their agreement with thermal dose predictions. The bubble-enhanced exposures showed a faster temperature rise within the first 4 s and higher overall temperatures than the sonications without bubble formation. The spatial temperature maps and the thermal dose maps derived from the MRI thermometry closely correlated with the resulting lesion as examined by T2-weighted imaging. The lesions created with the gas-bubble-enhanced heating exposures were 2-3 times larger by volume, consistently more spherical in shape and closer to the transducer than the control exposures. The study demonstrates that gas bubbles can reliably be used to create significantly larger lesions in vivo. MRI thermometry techniques were successfully used to monitor the thermal effects mediated by the bubble-enhanced exposures.
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Robert CP, Meng XL, Møller J, Rosenthal JS, Jennison C, Hurn MA, Al-Awadhi F, McCullagh P, Andrieu C, Doucet A, Dellaportas P, Papageorgiou I, Ehlers RS, Erosheva EA, Fienberg SE, Forster JJ, Gill RC, Friel N, Green P, Hastie D, King R, Künsch HR, Lazar NA, Osinski C. Discussion on the paper by Brooks, Giudici and Roberts. J R Stat Soc Series B Stat Methodol 2003. [DOI: 10.1111/1467-9868.03712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lipsett FR, King R. The Effect of Thin Films of Gold on the Mechanical Properties of Cadmium Single Crystals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1088/0370-1301/70/6/307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
Catchpole et al. (1998, Biometrics 54, 33-46) provide a novel scheme for integrating both recovery and recapture data analyses and derive sufficient statistics that facilitate likelihood computations. In this article, we demonstrate how their efficient likelihood expression can facilitate Bayesian analyses of these kinds of data and extend their methodology to provide a formal framework for model determination. We consider in detail the issue of model selection with respect to a set of recapture/recovery histories of shags (Phalacrocorax aristotelis) and determine, from the enormous range of biologically plausible models available, which best describe the data. By using reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo methodology, we demonstrate how this enormous model space can be efficiently and effectively explored without having to resort to performing an infeasibly large number of pairwise comparisons or some ad hoc stepwise procedure. We find that the model used by Catchpole et al. (1998) has essentially zero posterior probability and that, of the 477,144 possible models considered, over 60% of the posterior mass is placed on three neighboring models with biologically interesting interpretations.
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Gannon VPJ, Graham TA, King R, Michel P, Read S, Ziebell K, Johnson RP. Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection in cows and calves in a beef cattle herd in Alberta, Canada. Epidemiol Infect 2002; 129:163-72. [PMID: 12211584 PMCID: PMC2869862 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268802007100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection of cows and calves in a naturally-infected beef cattle herd in Alberta, Canada, was investigated over 2 years, encompassing two calf production cycles. In both years of the study, E. coli O157:H7 was isolated from the faeces of cows shortly after but not before parturition in late winter: 6/38 (16%) in 1996 and 13/50 (26%) in 1997. At < 1 week post-partum, 13/52 (25%) calves born in 1997 were shedding the organism. Faecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7 by cows and calves continued over the 7 weeks that they were in the calving pens, with the organism being isolated from the faeces of 2-18% of cows and 23-26% of calves during this period. Five weeks after they were moved onto a native grass pasture, all the calves and all but one cow in 1997 had ceased shedding the organism. When the calves were weaned in the fall, E. coli O157:H7 was isolated from the faeces of 0-1.5% of the calves 1 week prior to weaning and from 6-14% of the calves within 2 weeks after weaning. Parturition, calving pens and weaning appear to be important factors in maintaining E. coli O157:H7 infections in this beef cattle herd. Isolates from cows and calves during the immediate post-partum period were mostly of the same pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) type of E. coli O157:H7. Similarly, at weaning a common PFGE type of E. coli O157:H7, which differed slightly from the post-partum PFGE type, was isolated from the calves. These typing data suggest a common source of infection for the animals as well as demonstrate clonal turnover of resident populations of this pathogen.
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King R, Stafford S, Treichel P, Stone F. Additions and Corrections-Chemistry of the Metal Carbonyls. XV. Fluorocarbon Derivatives of Iron Carbonyl. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja01485a636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Prakash D, King R, Hayes C. Does the lumbar spine need to be supported to stabilize the pelvis during total hip arthroplasty in the lateral position? J Arthroplasty 2002; 17:347-8. [PMID: 11938512 DOI: 10.1054/arth.2002.30289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Total hip arthroplasty is done commonly with the patient in the lateral position. It has been postulated that the lumbar spine may sag in this position because it forms a mobile link between the rigidly held thoracic spine and the sacrum and may cause the pelvis to tilt in the coronal plane, leading to malpositioning of the acetabular cup. To confirm this hypothesis, 10 consecutive patients seen in the preoperative assessment clinic had 2 anteroposterior radiographs taken in the lateral position. The area of exposure was from the lower thoracic spine to the sacrum. In the first radiograph, the lumbar spine was unsupported, and in the second, it was supported. The radiographs showed that the support did not make any significant difference to the position of the lumbar spine or to the position of the pelvis.
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Zhao W, Barsun S, Ramani K, Johnson T, King R, Lin S. Development of PMMA-precoating metal prostheses via injection molding: residual stresses. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH 2002; 58:456-62. [PMID: 11410905 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Injection molding polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) was developed as a potential metal prosthesis precoating method for surgical implantation. However, residual stresses generated in the injection-molded PMMA affect the mechanical performance of the coating polymer. This study used plane polariscope testing to demonstrate the residual stress distribution in the injection-molded polymer. Slitting and strain gages were combined with finite element analysis to give a quantitative measure of the residual stresses. The residual stress testing indicated that the highest circumferential residual stress in the injection-molded PMMA was approximately 5 MPa in tension. Two methods, water soaking and slitting, were developed for reducing residual stresses. A series of four surgical implantation simulation processes were designed. The two methods for reducing residual stress were used in the simulations.
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Abstract
Tracheal gas insufflation is a technique in which gas is injected intratracheally during positive pressure ventilation. The fresh gas rinses expired gas from the tracheal tube and anatomical dead space, aiding carbon dioxide elimination. This reduces ventilatory volume and pressure, helping to reduce ventilator-induced lung damage. Complications of tracheal gas insufflation include interference with ventilator function, tracheal damage and barotrauma. Expiratory washout is a variation of tracheal gas insufflation. We designed and constructed an original expiratory washout system and evaluated its safety and performance in lung and animal models. We found that expiratory limb and tracheal tube occlusion tests caused the device to disable itself at acceptable intratracheal pressures. We also demonstrated up to 31% reduction in tidal volume compared with conventional ventilation, supporting the possibility of using this device clinically to lessen volutrauma. We concluded that aspects of this design might alleviate many of the safety concerns of using tracheal gas insufflation.
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Jackson CE, Rosenfeld J, Moore DH, Bryan WW, Barohn RJ, Wrench M, Myers D, Heberlin L, King R, Smith J, Gelinas D, Miller RG. A preliminary evaluation of a prospective study of pulmonary function studies and symptoms of hypoventilation in ALS/MND patients. J Neurol Sci 2001; 191:75-8. [PMID: 11676995 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-510x(01)00617-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There is still no consensus as to which physiologic marker should be used as a trigger for the initiation of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Current practice parameters recommend that the decision to begin treatment be based upon forced vital capacity (FVC) measurements. A prospective, randomized study was performed in 20 ALS patients who had an FVC of 70-100%. Patients received baseline assessments including: ALS functional rating scale-respiratory version (ALSFRS-R), pulmonary symptom scale, Short form 36 (SF-36), FVC%, maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), and nocturnal oximetry. Patients were randomized to receive NPPV based upon nocturnal oximetry studies suggesting oxygen desaturation <90% for one cumulative minute ("early intervention") or a FVC <50% ("standard of care"). At enrollment, there was no significant correlation between FVC% and the ALSFRS-R, symptom score, MEP, MIP, or duration of nocturnal desaturation <90%. An increase in the vitality subscale of the SF-36 was demonstrated in 5/6 patients randomized to "early intervention" with NPPV. Our data indicate that FVC% correlates poorly with respiratory symptoms and suggests that MIP and nocturnal oximetry may be more sensitive measures of early respiratory insufficiency. In addition, intervention with NPPV earlier than our current standard of care may result in improved quality of life.
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