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Ma K, Lian Y, Zhou S, Hu R, Xiong Y, Ting P, Xiong Y, Li X, Wang X. Microarray analysis of differentially expressed genes in preeclamptic and normal placental tissues. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 2014; 41:261-271. [PMID: 24992773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION To detect the candidate genes for preeclampsia (PE). MATERIALS AND METHODS The gene expression profiles in preeclamptic and normal placental tissues were analyzed using cDNA microarray approach and the altered expression of important genes were further confirmed by real-time RT-PCR (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) technique. Total RNA was extracted from placental tissues of three cases with severe PE and from three cases with normal pregnancy. After scanning, differentially expressed genes were detected by software. RESULTS In two experiments (the fluorescent labels were exchanged), a total of 111 differentially expressed genes were detected. In placental tissue ofpreeclamptic pregnancy, 68 differentially expressed genes were up-regulated, and 44 differentially expressed genes were down-regulated. Of these genes, 16 highly differentially expressed genes were confirmed by real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR, and the result showed that the ratio of gene expression differences was comparable to that detected by cDNA microarray. CONCLUSION The results of bioinformatic analysis showed that encoding products of differentially expressed genes were correlated to infiltration of placenta trophoblastic cells, immunomodulatory factors, pregnancy-associated plasma protein, signal transduction pathway, and cell adhesion. Further studies on the biological function and regulating mechanism of these genes will provide new clues for better understanding of etiology and pathogenesis of PE.
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Xiong Y, Luo Y, Huang W, Zhang W, Yang Y, Gao J. A novel classification method based on ICA and ELM: a case study in lie detection. Biomed Mater Eng 2014; 24:357-63. [DOI: 10.3233/bme-130818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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203
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Windyga J, Lin VW, Epstein JD, Ito D, Xiong Y, Abbuehl BE, Ramirez JH. Improvement in health-related quality of life with recombinant factor IX prophylaxis in severe or moderately severe haemophilia B patients: results from the BAX326 Pivotal Study. Haemophilia 2013; 20:362-8. [DOI: 10.1111/hae.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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204
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Pan MG, Xiong Y, Chen F. NFAT gene family in inflammation and cancer. Curr Mol Med 2013; 13:543-54. [PMID: 22950383 DOI: 10.2174/1566524011313040007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Calcineurin-NFAT signaling is critical for numerous aspects of vertebrate function during and after embryonic development. Initially discovered in T cells, the NFAT gene family, consisting of five members, regulates immune system, inflammatory response, angiogenesis, cardiac valve formation, myocardial development, axonal guidance, skeletal muscle development, bone homeostasis, development and metastasis of cancer, and many other biological processes. In this review we will focus on the NFAT literature relevant to the two closely related pathological systems: inflammation and cancer.
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Liao W, Yang S, Song C, Li X, Li Y, Xiong Y. Construction of ureteral grafts by seeding bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and smooth muscle cells into bladder acellular matrix. Transplant Proc 2013; 45:730-4. [PMID: 23498814 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital or acquired abnormalities may cause an ureteral injury or defect. The main methods to reconstruct a long ureter often cause serious complications. In this study, we sought to construct a tissue-engineered graft by seeding bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) into a bladder acellular matrix (BAM) for ureteral reconstruction. METHODS Isolated, proliferated, and in vitro identified rabbit bone marrow MSCs and SMCs were seeded into BAM as the experimental group. Grafts only seeding SMCs were the control group. Cell-seeded grafts were used to construct tissue-engineered tubular grafts (TETG) for transplantation into the rabbit's omentum for 2 weeks before ureteral reconstruction. Evolutionary histology was performed at 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks postoperatively. Renal function and ureteral obstruction were evaluated using intravenous urography at 16 weeks. RESULTS Flow cytometry demonstrated bone marrow MSCs to express CD29, CD44, CD90, but not CD34. Histological examination revealed consistent regeneration of TETG urothelium in the experimental group. At 8 and 16 weeks after TETG grafting in vivo, multilayer urothelium covered the entire lumen with visible neovascularization within the center. Organized smooth muscle bundles were observed. Intravenous urography demonstrated no ureteral stricture or hydronephrosis. The 5 rabbits were dead within 4 weeks postoperatively. Autopsy showed scar formation inside the graft with severe hydronephrosis. CONCLUSION We successfully constructed a TETG by seeding bone marrow MSCs and SMCs into BAM for ureteral reconstruction. Thus bone marrow MSCs can potentially promote urothelial regeneration to achieve a tissue-engineered ureter.
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Zhang J, Xiong Y, Lu LX, Wang H, Zhang YF, Fang F, Song YL, Jiang H. AQP1 expression alterations affect morphology and water transport in Schwann cells and hypoxia-induced up-regulation of AQP1 occurs in a HIF-1α-dependent manner. Neuroscience 2013; 252:68-79. [PMID: 23948641 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) is the principle water channel in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and is specifically localized to Schwann cells in the PNS. However, the pathophysiological role of AQP1 in peripheral nerves is poorly understood. Here, we utilized RNA interference by lentiviral transduction to specifically down-regulate AQP1 expression and a lentiviral overexpression protocol to up-regulate AQP1 expression, in primary Schwann cell cultures. AQP1 gene silencing resulted in a cell shrinkage phenotype, while AQP1 gene overexpression caused a cell swelling phenotype, as validated by cell volume determinations. Secondly, we utilized an in vitro hypoxia model in Schwann cells to mimic in vivo facial nerve injury. We demonstrated that AQP1 expression was induced within 8h following hypoxia injury in vitro, and that AQP1 knockdown (KD) caused the cells to resist edema following hypoxia. Finally, we investigated the hypoxic regulation of the AQP1 gene, as well as the involvement of Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in AQP1 modulation and we found that KD of HIF-1α decreased hypoxia-dependent induction of endogenous AQP1 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. Taken together, these results indicate that (1) AQP1 is an important factor responsible for the fast water transport of cultured Schwann cells and is involved in cell plasticity; (2) AQP1 alterations may be a primary factor in hypoxia-induced peripheral nerve edema; (3) HIF-1α participates in the hypoxic induction of the AQP1 gene; (4) AQP1 inhibition might provide a new therapeutic alternative for the treatment of some forms of peripheral nerve edema.
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Marchion D, Ramirez-Diaz I, Bou Zgheib N, Xiong Y, Stickles X, Judson Lancaster P, Gonzalez Bosquet J, Wenham R, Apte S, Lancaster J. A novel cMET inhibitor, MK8033, potentiates the activity of carboplatin/paclitaxel in ovarian cancer cell lines. Gynecol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.04.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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208
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Bou Zgheib N, Marchion D, Xiong Y, Al Sawah E, Ramirez-Diaz I, Judson Lancaster P, Gonzalez Bosquet J, Wenham R, Apte S, Lancaster J. Characterizing the activity of MK2206 in ovarian cancer and defining the molecular determinants of response. Gynecol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.04.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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209
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Al Sawah E, Marchion D, Xiong Y, Ramirez-Diaz I, Abbasi F, Bou Zgheib N, Hakam A, Wenham R, Lancaster J, Judson Lancaster P. Molecular characterization of polyphyllin D, a Chinese herb that sensitizes ovarian cancers cells to platinum therapy. Gynecol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.04.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Marchion D, Ramirez-Diaz I, Xiong Y, Al Sawah E, Abbasi F, Zgheib NB, Stickles X, Bosquet JG, Wenham R, Lancaster J. An innovative in silico method to identify agents that target pathways of human cancer chemoresistance. Gynecol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.04.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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211
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Zeng J, Xiong Y, Li G, Liu M, He T, Tang Y, Chen Y, Cai L, Jiang R, Tao J. MiR-21 is Overexpressed in Response to High Glucose and Protects Endothelial Cells from Apoptosis. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2013; 121:425-30. [PMID: 23771797 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1345169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Xie HQ, Xiong Y, Dang YL. Zinc(II) complexes with the tetradentate schiff base ligand N,N′-bis(1-pyridin-2-yl-ethylidene)propane-1,3-diamine: Synthesis and crystal structures. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476613030189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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213
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Wan L, Liu L, Zhang Z, Zhou Y, Xiong Y, Li D, Zhou L. Low-Dose Azithromycin Attenuates OVA-Induced Airway Remodeling and Inflammation via Down-Regulating TGF-βl Expression in RAT. EUR J INFLAMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x1301100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is characteristic with chronic airway inflammation and remodeling. Azithromycin (AZM), the 15-member macrolide, is known to present an anti-inflammatory effect and is increasingly being used in the treatment of chronic inflammatory pulmonary diseases. We hypothesize that low-dose azithromycin can inhibit allergen-induced airway remodeling except allergic airway inflammation in rat model. Male SD rats underwent intraperitoneal ovalbumin sensitization on days 1 and 6 followed by an intranasal challenge on day 7–13. On day 14, airway inflammation and remodeling were assessed by quantifying leukocytes in the airway, expression of multiple inflammatory mediators in BALF, histological examination in lung and TGF-β1 mRNA and protein levels by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Treatment with low-dose azithromycin at the dose of 25 mg/kg significantly reduced ovalbumin-dependent airway inflammation, including accumulation of neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils, secretion of IL-2, IL-4, IL-13 and TNF-α. Moreover, airway remodeling was significantly abrogated by azithromycin in this model. The mucus cell hyperplasia, thickening of the peribronchial smooth muscle layer, secretion of ET-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-13 and TNF-α, and increasing mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 in lung tissue were all significantly decreased in azithromycin-treated rats. These findings demonstrate the protective effect of low-dose azithromycin on allergic airway remodeling in rat and suggest low-dose azithromycin may have beneficial effects in treating allergic airway inflammation.
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Tan Y, Xiong Y, Ding GL, Meng Y, Huang HF, Sheng JZ. Permeability of oocytes to cryoprotectants depending on upregulation of AQP7 expression by hypertonic cryoprotectants during cryoproservation. Fertil Steril 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.07.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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215
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Xiong Y, Zhou ZH, Notkins AL. Pictorial demonstration of the simultaneous binding of multiple unrelated antigens to individual polyreactive antibody-producing B cells. Scand J Immunol 2012; 76:342-3. [PMID: 22703112 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2012.02746.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Bicaku E, Xiong Y, Marchion DC, Chon HS, Stickles XB, Chen N, Judson PL, Hakam A, Gonzalez-Bosquet J, Wenham RM, Apte SM, Fulp W, Cubitt CL, Chen DT, Lancaster JM. In vitro analysis of ovarian cancer response to cisplatin, carboplatin, and paclitaxel identifies common pathways that are also associated with overall patient survival. Br J Cancer 2012; 106:1967-75. [PMID: 22596241 PMCID: PMC3388569 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Carboplatin and cisplatin, alone or in combination with paclitaxel, have similar efficacies against ovarian cancer (OVCA) yet exhibit different toxicity profiles. We characterised the common and unique cellular pathways that underlie OVCA response to these drugs and analyse whether they have a role in OVCA survival. Methods: Ovarian cancer cell lines (n=36) were treated with carboplatin, cisplatin, paclitaxel, or carboplatin–paclitaxel (CPTX). For each cell line, IC50 levels were quantified and pre-treatment gene expression analyses were performed. Genes demonstrating expression/IC50 correlations (measured by Pearson; P<0.01) were subjected to biological pathway analysis. An independent OVCA clinico-genomic data set (n=142) was evaluated for clinical features associated with represented pathways. Results: Cell line sensitivity to carboplatin, cisplatin, paclitaxel, and CPTX was associated with the expression of 77, 68, 64, and 25 biological pathways (P<0.01), respectively. We found three common pathways when drug combinations were compared. Expression of one pathway (‘Transcription/CREB pathway’) was associated with OVCA overall survival. Conclusion: The identification of the Transcription/CREB pathway (associated with OVCA cell line platinum sensitivity and overall survival) could improve patient stratification for treatment with current therapies and the rational selection of future OVCA therapy agents targeted to these pathways.
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Li X, Xiong Y, Fan X, Feng P, Tang H, Zhou T. The role of femA regulating gene on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates. Med Mal Infect 2012; 42:218-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2008.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2007] [Revised: 11/28/2007] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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218
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Wong YS, Xiong Y, Venkatraman SS, Boey FYC. Shape memory in un-cross-linked biodegradable polymers. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 19:175-91. [DOI: 10.1163/156856208783432516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Yang H, Liu Y, Bai F, Zhang JY, Ma SH, Liu J, Xu ZD, Zhu HG, Ling ZQ, Ye D, Guan KL, Xiong Y. Tumor development is associated with decrease of TET gene expression and 5-methylcytosine hydroxylation. Oncogene 2012; 32:663-9. [PMID: 22391558 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 448] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The TET (ten-eleven translocation) family of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG)-dependent dioxygenases catalyzes the sequential oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine, leading to eventual DNA demethylation. The TET2 gene is a bona fide tumor suppressor frequently mutated in leukemia, and TET enzyme activity is inhibited in IDH1/2-mutated tumors by the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate, an antagonist of α-KG, linking 5mC oxidation to cancer development. We report here that the levels of 5hmC are dramatically reduced in human breast, liver, lung, pancreatic and prostate cancers when compared with the matched surrounding normal tissues. Associated with the 5hmC decrease is the substantial reduction of the expression of all three TET genes, revealing a possible mechanism for the reduced 5hmC in cancer cells. The decrease of 5hmC was also observed during tumor development in different genetically engineered mouse models. Together, our results identify 5hmC as a biomarker whose decrease is broadly and tightly associated with tumor development.
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Xiong Y, Chen M, Chan LW, Ting YH, Fung TY, Leung TY, Lau TK. A novel way of visualizing the ductal and aortic arches by real-time three-dimensional ultrasound with live xPlane imaging. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2012; 39:316-321. [PMID: 21710662 DOI: 10.1002/uog.9081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe a novel method of visualizing the ductal and aortic arches by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography with live xPlane imaging. METHODS Live xPlane imaging was used to display the ductal- and aortic-arch views in 107 women with singleton pregnancies, including seven cases with suspected congenital heart defects (CHDs). The three vessels and trachea (3VT) view was obtained in such an orientation that either the pulmonary artery or the aorta was parallel to the direction of the ultrasound beam. The xPlane reference line was then placed across the targeted vessel, which in a normal case would provide an image of the corresponding arch view as a dual-image display. RESULTS Once the 3VT view had been obtained, live xPlane imaging showed the aortic and ductal arches in all 100 normal cases. In seven cases with suspected CHD, the 3VT view was abnormal in five cases and normal in the other two. However, the ductal-arch view demonstrated by live xPlane imaging was abnormal in five cases of conotruncal anomalies and normal in two cases in which conotruncal anomalies were excluded. CHDs were confirmed at autopsy following termination of pregnancy in five cases and on postnatal echocardiography in one case. The heart was found postnatally to be normal in one case of suspected CHD; in this case live xPlane imaging showed that the observed abnormal 3VT view was caused by a tortuous course of the thoracic aorta associated with an abnormal diaphragm. CONCLUSION Live xPlane imaging is a novel and relatively simple method of visualizing the ductal- and aortic-arch views, and may potentially be a useful tool in the screening of fetal conotruncal and aortic-arch anomalies.
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Gong W, Xiong Y, Zhi F, Liu S, Wang A, Jiang B. Preliminary experience of endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection for upper gastrointestinal submucosal tumors. Endoscopy 2012; 44:231-5. [PMID: 22354823 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM Although the majority of submucosal tumors (SMTs) are benign, some do have a malignant potential. Resection of SMTs would aid in establishing the diagnosis and may be curative. Our aim was to examine the feasibility and safety of a novel method for endoscopic resection of upper gastrointestinal SMTs. PATIENTS AND METHODS In 12 patients who presented with an upper gastrointestinal SMT of ≤40 mm located in the esophagus or cardia, a submucosal tunnel was endoscopically created starting approximately 5 cm proximal to the lesion. After careful submucosal dissection with carbon dioxide or air insufflation, the SMTs were completely removed, and the entrance of the tunnel closed using endoclips. RESULTS SMTs had a mean size of 19.5 mm (range 10-40 mm); eight were located in the esophagus and four in the cardia. SMT resection was successful in all patients with en bloc resection in 10 patients (83.3%) and resection in two pieces in the remaining two patients. The mean time required for the procedure was 48.3 minutes (range 30-60 minutes). Two patients had both pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema. All the complications resolved with conservative management. CONCLUSIONS In this pilot study, endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection (ESTD) of esophageal and cardia SMTs was effective and appeared to be safe. Larger studies that also examine its application for gastric SMTs are warranted.
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Stickles X, Marchion D, Bou Zgheib N, Xiong Y, Judson P, Hakam A, Gonzalez Bosquet J, Wenham R, Apte S, Lancaster J. The BAD apoptosis pathway is associated with carcinogenesis in a range of human tissue types. Gynecol Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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223
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Zgheib NB, Xiong Y, Marchion D, Li X, Bicaku E, Stickles X, Al Sawah E, Chon H, Hakam A, Lancaster J. PLAC1 expression in human cancer cells correlates with carboplatin sensitivity and overall survival from ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.12.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Xiong Y, Lei QY, Zhao S, Guan KL. Regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis by acetylation of PKM and PEPCK. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2011; 76:285-9. [PMID: 22096030 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2011.76.010942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glycolysis is a catabolic process of glucose hydrolysis needed for energy and biosynthetic intermediates, whereas gluconeogenesis is a glucose production process important for maintaining blood glucose levels during starvation. Although they share many enzymes, these two processes are not simply the reverse of each other and are instead reciprocally regulated. Two key enzymes that regulate irreversible steps in these two processes are pyruvate kinase (PK) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase (PEPCK), which catalyze the last and first step of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, respectively, and are both regulated by lysine acetylation. Acetylation at Lys305 of the PKM (muscle form of PK) decreases its activity and also targets it for chaperone-mediated autophagy and subsequent lysosome degradation. Acetylation of PEPCK, on the other hand, targets it for ubiquitylation by the HECT E3 ligase, UBR5/EDD1, and subsequent proteasomal degradation. These studies established a model in which acetylation regulates metabolic enzymes via different mechanisms and also revealed cross talk between acetylation and ubiquitination. Given that most metabolic enzymes are acetylated, we propose that acetylation is a major posttranslational modifier that regulates cellular metabolism.
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Qin Q, Xia B, Xiong Y, Zhang S, Luo Y, Hao Y. Structural Characterization of the Exopolysaccharide Produced by Streptococcus thermophilus 05-34 and Its In Situ Application in Yogurt. J Food Sci 2011; 76:C1226-30. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02397.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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