1
|
Sheong FK, Zhang JX, Lin Z. Fragment Aligned Molecular Orbital Analysis: An Innovative Tool for Analyzing Atypical Chemical Bonding. J Chem Theory Comput 2024. [PMID: 39046803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
In chemical research, it is a common practice to carry out quantum chemical calculations and analyze the canonical molecular orbitals (CMOs) obtained to study electronic structures of chemical systems. However, extensive orbital mixing of CMOs especially in molecular clusters significantly complicates our understanding of the electronic structures. In this paper, we have developed an innovative tool called fragment aligned molecular orbital (FAMO) analysis, which reconstructs our modular chemical picture by making use of the Procrustes analysis in statistical theory to align the occupied molecular orbitals of a molecular species against the occupied (molecular) orbitals of the constituting fragments of the cluster, and results in a set of chemically intuitive semilocalized orbitals. This alignment technique minimizes the extensive orbital mixing, thus allowing precise observation of bonding interactions in complex chemical systems. A few representative clusters have been selected as showcase examples to demonstrate the advantage of FAMO analysis in deciphering the distinct bonding interactions in cluster compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fu Kit Sheong
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Xuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Deng G, Ki T, Yoo S, Liu X, Lee K, Bootharaju MS, Hyeon T. [Au 9Ag 6(CCR) 10(DPPM) 2Cl 2](PPh 4): a four-electron cluster with a bi-decahedral twisted metal core. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:11090-11095. [PMID: 38766759 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01471e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The assembly of cluster units in a distinct manner can give rise to nanoclusters exhibiting unique geometrical structures and properties. Herein, we present a one-pot synthesis and structural characterization of a AuAg alloy cluster, [Au9Ag6(CCR)10(DPPM)2Cl2](PPh4), denoted as Au9Ag6 (where HCCR is 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylacetylene, and DPPM is bis(diphenylphosphino)methane). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data analysis reveals that Au9Ag6 features a distinctive Au7Ag6 bi-decahedral core, formed by a twisted assembly of two Au4Ag3 decahedra sharing one vertex. The Au4Ag3 building blocks are bridged by two gold atoms on opposite sides of the bi-decahedral core. The Au9Ag6 cluster is monoanionic and it is stabilized by two chloride, two DPPM and ten alkynyl ligands. This cluster represents the first instance of a cluster of clusters built upon decahedral units.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guocheng Deng
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyoung Ki
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwoo Yoo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangjae Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Megalamane S Bootharaju
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li S, Li NN, Dong XY, Zang SQ, Mak TCW. Chemical Flexibility of Atomically Precise Metal Clusters. Chem Rev 2024; 124:7262-7378. [PMID: 38696258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Ligand-protected metal clusters possess hybrid properties that seamlessly combine an inorganic core with an organic ligand shell, imparting them exceptional chemical flexibility and unlocking remarkable application potential in diverse fields. Leveraging chemical flexibility to expand the library of available materials and stimulate the development of new functionalities is becoming an increasingly pressing requirement. This Review focuses on the origin of chemical flexibility from the structural analysis, including intra-cluster bonding, inter-cluster interactions, cluster-environments interactions, metal-to-ligand ratios, and thermodynamic effects. In the introduction, we briefly outline the development of metal clusters and explain the differences and commonalities of M(I)/M(I/0) coinage metal clusters. Additionally, we distinguish the bonding characteristics of metal atoms in the inorganic core, which give rise to their distinct chemical flexibility. Section 2 delves into the structural analysis, bonding categories, and thermodynamic theories related to metal clusters. In the following sections 3 to 7, we primarily elucidate the mechanisms that trigger chemical flexibility, the dynamic processes in transformation, the resultant alterations in structure, and the ensuing modifications in physical-chemical properties. Section 8 presents the notable applications that have emerged from utilizing metal clusters and their assemblies. Finally, in section 9, we discuss future challenges and opportunities within this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Na-Na Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Xi-Yan Dong
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Thomas C W Mak
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tang S, Wang E, Wu Y, Song T, Zhou M, Cai X, Gao Y, Ding W, Zhu Y. Diachronic evolvement from tetra-icosahedral to quasi-hexagonal close-packed bimetal clusters. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8372-8379. [PMID: 38846395 PMCID: PMC11151839 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00942h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Here we report a diachronic evolvement from tetra-icosahedral Au30Ag12(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CR)24 to quasi-hcp (hexagonal close-packed) Au47Ag19(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CR)32 via a one-step reduction, in which the size/structure conversion of the two clusters is not a typical Oswald growth process, but involves interface shrinking followed by core rearrangement and surface polymerization. Au30Ag12(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CR)24 has an aesthetic Au18Ag8 kernel that is composed of four interpenetrating Au10Ag3 icosahedra, while Au47Ag19(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CR)32 has a twisted Au19 core capped by a Au12Ag19 shell that are stacked in a layer-by-layer manner with a quasi-hcp pattern. The discovery of the two clusters not only provides further evidence for icosahedral clusters with longer excited-state lifetime compared to hcp-like clusters, but also discloses a double increase in catalytic reactivity for electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol over quasi-hcp clusters in comparison with icosahedral clusters. This work provides the rationale for reversing the bottom-up growth process to remake bimetal clusters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shisi Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Endong Wang
- Phonon Science Research Center for Carbon Dioxide, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Yanzhen Wu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Tongxin Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Xiao Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Yi Gao
- Phonon Science Research Center for Carbon Dioxide, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Weiping Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Yan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rodríguez-Kessler PL, Muñoz-Castro A. Intermediate Intercluster Bond Orders. Electronic Communication in Au 38(SR) 24 Superatomic Molecules. Chemphyschem 2024:e202400183. [PMID: 38831496 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Ligand-protected gold clusters remain potential building blocks for envisaged molecular materials. The archetypal Au38(SR)24 cluster can be viewed as a robust template for the fusion of two Au25(SR)18 - cluster units, retaining a bi-icosahedral Au23 core. Via electrochemical properties, the overall charge state can be selectively tuned, enabling the access of 14 valence electron (ve) species featuring a single intercluster bond and nearby charge from -1 to +3, achieving related species bearing 15- to 11-ve with variable intercluster bond orders. Here, we explore the characteristics of intermediate intercluster bond orders in order to provide insights into the plausible electron communication between the constituent building blocks, with Au38(SR)24, as a representative template. Our results denote a small structural variation along -1 to +3 charge states, provided by the core-protecting ligand interaction, which is enhanced towards more oxidized species. The remaining unpaired electron from intermediate intercluster bond orders of 1.5 for Au38(SR)24 1-, 1.5 for Au38(SR)24 1+, and 2.5 for Au38(SR)24 3+, holds delocalized characteristics between the building block units, favoring electron communication for conductive and cooperative cluster aggregates. Such features are relevant for the formation of molecular electronic device applications, favoring the rationalization prior to engaging in explorative synthesis of larger ligand-protected cluster aggregates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter L Rodríguez-Kessler
- Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica A.C., Loma del Bosque 115, Col. Lomas del Campestre, León, Guanajuato, 37150, Mexico
| | - Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Bellavista 7, Santiago, 8420524, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Muñoz-Castro A. Second-order superatoms: Au 52-PAP featuring a three-dimensional cluster-of-clusters core. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:17696-17700. [PMID: 37990872 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02693k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The recent characterization of Au52-PAP cluster can be viewed as a three-dimensional arrangement featuring four Au13 motifs. As a result, a new set of superatomic orbitals are built up from the superatomic shell of each constituent unit, denoted by 1S'21P'62S'21D'102P'61F'6 and, thus, referred to as a second-order superatomic shell structure. This favors the rationalization of larger species toward the formation of cluster-assembled materials of different sizes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Bellavista 7, Santiago, 8420524, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xu T, Wang E, Liu S, Wei Z, Yin P, Sun J, Xu WW, Song Y. Large-scale synthesis, mechanism, and application of a luminescent copper hydride nanocluster. Dalton Trans 2023. [PMID: 38010928 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02595k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the structure-property relationships of ultra-small metal nanocluster with basic nuclear is of great significance for understanding the evolution mechanism in both the structures and properties of polynuclear metal nanoclusters. In this study, an ultra-small copper hydride (CuH for short) nanocluster was simply synthesized with high yield, and the large-scale preparation was also achieved. Single crystal X-ray diffractometer (SC-XRD) analysis shows that this copper NC contains a tetrahedral Cu4 core co-capped by four PPh2Py ligands and two Cl in which the existence of the central H atom in tetrahedron was further identified experimentally and theoretically. This CuH nanocluster exhibits bright yellow emission, which is proved to be the mixture of phosphorescence and fluorescence by the sensitivity of both emission intensity and lifetime to O2. Furthermore, the temperature-dependent emission spectra and density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the luminescence of CuH mainly originates from the metal-to-ligand charge transfer and cluster-centered triplet excited states. This work offers new insights into understanding the structure-property relationship of basic nuclear CuH nanocluster.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Endong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Zhezhen Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Peiqun Yin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Jianan Sun
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Wen Wu Xu
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Yongbo Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kawawaki T, Negishi Y. Elucidation of the electronic structures of thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters by electrochemical measurements. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15152-15167. [PMID: 37712891 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02005c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters (NCs) with sizes of approximately 2 nm or less have different physical/chemical properties from those of the bulk metals owing to quantum size effects. Metal NCs, which can be size-controlled and heterometal doped at atomic accuracy, are expected to be the next generation of important materials, and new metal NCs are reported regularly. However, compared with conventional materials such as metal complexes and relatively large metal nanoparticles (>2 nm), these metal NCs are still underdeveloped in terms of evaluation and establishment of application methods. Electrochemical measurements are one of the most widely used methods for synthesis, application, and characterisation of metal NCs. This review summarizes the basic knowledge of the electrochemistry and experimental techniques, and provides examples of the reported electronic states of thiolate-protected gold NCs elucidated by electrochemical approaches. It is expected that this review will provide useful information for researchers starting to study metal NCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tokuhisa Kawawaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
- Research Institute for Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yuichi Negishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
- Research Institute for Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hu J, Zhou M, Li K, Yao A, Wang Y, Zhu Q, Zhou Y, Huang L, Pei Y, Du Y, Jin S, Zhu M. Evolution of Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction Activity Induced by Charge Segregation in Atomically Precise AuAg Nanoclusters Based on Icosahedral M 13 Unit 3D Assembly. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301357. [PMID: 37127865 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The precise self-assembly of building blocks at atomic level provides the opportunity to achieve clusters with advanced catalytic properties. However, most of the current self-assembled materials are fabricated by 1/2D assembly of blocks. High dimensional (that is, 3D) assembly is widely believed to improve the performance of cluster. Herein, the effect of 3D assembly on the activity for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR) is investigated by using a range of clusters (Au8 Ag55 , Au8 Ag57 , Au12 Ag60 ) based on 3D assembly of M13 unit as models. Although three clusters have almost the same sizes and geometric structures, Au8 Ag55 exhibits the best CO2 RR performance due to the strong CO2 adsorption capacity and effective inhibition of H2 evolution competition reaction. The deep insight into the superior activity of Au8 Ag55 is the unique electronic structure attributed to the charge segregation. This study not only demonstrates that the assembly mode greatly affects the catalytic activity, but also offers an idea for rational designing and precisely constructing catalysts with controllable activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiashen Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Manman Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of MOE, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, China
| | - Kang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of MOE, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, China
| | - Aimin Yao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Qingtao Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yanting Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Liu Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yong Pei
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of MOE, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, China
| | - Yuanxin Du
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Shan Jin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yu JH, Yuan ZR, Xu J, Wang JG, Azam M, Li TD, Li YZ, Sun D. Monoarsine-protected icosahedral cluster [Au 13(AsPh 3) 8Cl 4] +: comparative studies on ligand effect and surface reactivity with its stibine analogue. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6564-6571. [PMID: 37350827 PMCID: PMC10283507 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01311a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ligand shells of gold nanoclusters play important roles in regulating their molecular and electronic structures. However, the similar but distinct impacts of the homologous analogues of the protecting ligands remain elusive. The C2v symmetric monoarsine-protected cluster [Au13(AsPh3)8Cl4]+ (Au13As8) was facilely prepared by direct reduction of (Ph3As)AuCl with NaBH4. This cluster is isostructural with its previously reported stibine analogue [Au13(SbPh3)8Cl4]+ (Au13Sb8), enabling a comparative study between them. Au13As8 exhibits a blue-shifted electronic absorption band, and this is probably related to the stronger π-back donation interactions between the Au13 core and AsPh3 ligands, which destabilize its superatomic 1P and 1D orbitals. In comparison to the thermodynamically less stable Au13Sb8, Au13As8 achieves a better trade-off between catalytic stability and activity, as demonstrated by its excellent catalytic performance towards the aldehyde-alkyne-amine (A3) coupling reaction. Moreover, the ligand exchange reactions between Au13As8 with phosphines, as exemplified by PPh3 and Ph2P(CH2)2PPh2, suggest that Au13As8 may be a good precursor cluster for further cluster preparation through the "cluster-to-cluster" route.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiu-Hong Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Ji'nan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Rui Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Ji'nan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Ji'nan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Jin-Gui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Ji'nan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Mohammad Azam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University P. O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Tian-Duo Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Ji'nan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Ying-Zhou Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Ji'nan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Di Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University Ji'nan 250100 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Miyajima S, Hossain S, Ikeda A, Kosaka T, Kawawaki T, Niihori Y, Iwasa T, Taketsugu T, Negishi Y. Key factors for connecting silver-based icosahedral superatoms by vertex sharing. Commun Chem 2023; 6:57. [PMID: 36977829 PMCID: PMC10050180 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00854-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters composed of noble elements such as gold (Au) or silver (Ag) are regarded as superatoms. In recent years, the understanding of the materials composed of superatoms, which are often called superatomic molecules, has gradually progressed for Au-based materials. However, there is still little information on Ag-based superatomic molecules. In the present study, we synthesise two di-superatomic molecules with Ag as the main constituent element and reveal the three essential conditions for the formation and isolation of a superatomic molecule comprising two Ag13-xMx structures (M = Ag or other metal; x = number of M) connected by vertex sharing. The effects of the central atom and the type of bridging halogen on the electronic structure of the resulting superatomic molecule are also clarified in detail. These findings are expected to provide clear design guidelines for the creation of superatomic molecules with various properties and functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Miyajima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Sakiat Hossain
- Research Institute for Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan.
| | - Ayaka Ikeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Taiga Kosaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Tokuhisa Kawawaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
- Research Institute for Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Niihori
- Research Institute for Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwasa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan.
- WPI-ICReDD, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
- WPI-ICReDD, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yuichi Negishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan.
- Research Institute for Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li Y, Luo XM, Luo P, Zang QX, Wang ZY, Zang SQ. Cocrystallization of Two Negatively Charged Dimercaptomaleonitrile-Stabilized Silver Nanoclusters. ACS NANO 2023; 17:5834-5841. [PMID: 36912873 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the assembly of atomically precise metal nanoclusters (NCs) are of great significance in the nanomaterial field, which has attracted increasing interest in the last few decades. Herein, we report the cocrystallization of two negatively charged atom-precise silver nanoclusters, the octahedral [Ag62(MNT)24(TPP)6]8- (Ag62) and the truncated-tetrahedral [Ag22(MNT)12(TPP)4]4- (Ag22) in a 1:2 ratio (MNT2- = dimercaptomaleonitrile, TPP = triphenylphosphine). As far as we know, a cocrystal containing two negatively charged NCs has seldom been reported. Single-crystal structure determinations reveal that the component Ag22 and Ag62 NCs both adopt core-shell structures. In addition, the component NCs were separately obtained by adjusting the synthetic conditions. This work enriches the structural diversity of silver NCs and extends the family of cluster-based cocrystals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Ming Luo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Luo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Xu Zang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Yang Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tan Y, Lv Y, Xu L, Li Q, Chai J, Yang S, Yu H, Zhu M. Cd Atom Goes into the Interior of Cluster Induced by Directional Consecutive Assembly of Tetrahedral Units on an Icosahedron Kernel. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:4238-4245. [PMID: 36779635 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
"Core sliding" in metal nanoclusters drives the reconstruction of external structural units and provides an ideal platform for mapping their precise transformation mechanism and evolution pathway. However, observing the movement behavior of metal atoms in experiments is still challenging because of the uncertain stability of intermediates. In this work, a series of Au-Cd alloy nanoclusters with continuously assembled kernels (one icosahedral building block assembled with 0 to 3 tetrahedral units) were constructed. As the assembly continued, it eventually led to the Cd atom doping into the inner positions of the clusters. Importantly, the Cd doped into the interior of the cluster exhibits a different behavior than the surface or external Cd atoms (dispersion doping vs localized occupy), which provides experimental evidence of the sliding behavior in the nanocluster kernel. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that this sliding behavior in the inner sites of nanoclusters is an energetically favorable process. In addition, these Au-Cd nanoclusters exhibit tunable optical properties with different assembly patterns in their kernels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yesen Tan
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Ying Lv
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Liyun Xu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Qinzhen Li
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Jinsong Chai
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Sha Yang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Haizhu Yu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhou M, Li K, Wang P, Zhou H, Jin S, Pei Y, Zhu M. Overall structure of Au 12Ag 60(S- c-C 6H 11) 31Br 9(Dppp) 6: achieving a stronger assembly of icosahedral M 13 units. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:2633-2641. [PMID: 36692214 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06613k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Precise atomically assembled nanoclusters provide a great platform to elucidate the evolution of the assembly of building blocks. Herein, a large icosahedral (M13)-based silver-gold alloy nanocluster [Au12Ag60(S-c-C6H11)31Br9(Dppp)6]Br2 (dppp = 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane) is reported. Structurally, Au12Ag60 consists of an Au12Ag40 kernel, which is viewed as the interpenetration of ten twisted complete icosahedrons (M13) and two missing icosahedrons (M12), and this is surrounded by a complex metal-organic shell. Benefiting from the extra doping of eight to twelve Au atoms, the octameric assembly was increased to a twelve-mer assembly. The time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) method with a Tamm-Dancoff approximation (TDA) was performed to investigate the difference in the optical properties of Au12Ag60 and Au8Ag57. The results indicate that the difference in the amount of Au atoms results in different optical properties. Furthermore, transient absorption spectroscopy (TA) was also performed, revealing that a twelve-mer assembly greatly enhances the excited-state lifetime. The [Au12Ag60(S-c-C6H11)31Br9(Dppp)6]Br2 alloy nanocluster has provided a breakthrough in the number of icosahedral M13 assemblies, i.e., achieving a twelve-mer assembly, helping to elucidate the fusion growth of M13-based assembled nanoclusters as well as their geometric/electronic structure correlations, which will promote further research on the assembly of M13 nano-building blocks, especially on their optical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manman Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of MOE, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China.
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Kang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of MOE, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China.
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of MOE, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China.
| | - Huimin Zhou
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Shan Jin
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Yong Pei
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of MOE, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China.
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhuang S, Chen D, Ng WP, Liu D, Liu LJ, Sun MY, Nawaz T, Wu X, Zhang Y, Li Z, Huang YL, Yang J, Yang J, He J. Phosphinous Acid-Phosphinito Tetra-Icosahedral Au 52 Nanoclusters for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction. JACS AU 2022; 2:2617-2626. [PMID: 36465536 PMCID: PMC9709937 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
While the formation of superatomic nanoclusters by the three-dimensional assembly of icosahedral units was predicted in 1987, the synthesis and structural determination of such clusters have proven to be incredibly challenging. Herein, we employ a mixed-ligand strategy to prepare phosphinous acid-phosphinito gold nanocluster Au52(HOPPh2)8(OPPh2)4(TBBT)16 with a tetra-icosahedral kernel. Unlike expected, each icosahedral Au13 unit shares one vertex gold atom with two adjacent units, resulting in a "puckered" ring shape with a nuclearity of 48 in the kernel. The phosphinous acid-phosphinito ligand set, which consists of two phosphinous acids and one phosphinito motif, has strong intramolecular hydrogen bonds; the π-π stacking interactions between the phosphorus- and sulfur-based ligands provide additional stabilization to the kernel. Highly stable Au52(HOPPh2)8(OPPh2)4(TBBT)16 serves as an effective electrocatalyst in the oxygen reduction reaction. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the phosphinous acid-phosphinito ligands provide the most active sites in the electrochemical catalysis, with O* formation being the rate-determining step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Zhuang
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The
University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Dong Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wai-Pan Ng
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Dongyi Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Li-Juan Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Ying Sun
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Tehseen Nawaz
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Xia Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Zekun Li
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Liang Huang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Shantou University
Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jian He
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The
University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ito E, Ito S, Takano S, Nakamura T, Tsukuda T. Supervalence Bonding in Bi-icosahedral Cores of [M 1Au 37(SC 2H 4Ph) 24] - (M = Pd and Pt): Fusion-Mediated Synthesis and Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy. JACS AU 2022; 2:2627-2634. [PMID: 36465538 PMCID: PMC9709954 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Au38(PET)24 (PET = SC2H4Ph) is known to have a bi-icosahedral Au23 core consisting of two Au13 icosahedrons by sharing three Au atoms. Previous theoretical studies based on a supervalence bond (SVB) model have demonstrated that the bonding scheme in the Au23 core is similar to that in the F2 molecule. The SVB model predicted that the electron configuration of the Au23 core with 14 valence electrons is expressed as (1Σ)2(1Σ*)2(1Π)4(2Σ)2(1Π*)4 where each orbital is created by the bonding and antibonding interactions between the 1S and 1P superatomic orbitals of the icosahedral Au13 units. Therefore, the bi-icosahedral Au23 can be viewed as a di-superatomic molecule. To validate the SVB model, we herein conducted anion photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) on [M1Au37(PET)24]- (M = Pd and Pt), which are isoelectronic and isostructural with Au38(PET)24. To this end, the neutral precursors [M1Au37(PET)24]0 were first synthesized by fusion reactions between hydride-doped clusters [HAu9(PPh3)8]2+ and [M1Au24(PET)18]-. The formation of bi-icosahedral M1Au22 cores with open electronic structure in [M1Au37(PET)24]0 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and electron paramagnetic resonance measurement. Then, the target anions [M1Au37(PET)24]- were obtained by reducing [M1Au37(PET)24]0 with NaBH4, and isoelectronicity with [Au38(PET)24]0 was confirmed by optical spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. Finally, anion PES on [M1Au37(PET)24]- observed two distinctive peaks as predicted by the SVB model: one from the nearly degenerate 1Π* orbitals and the other from the nearly degenarate 1Π and 2Σ orbitals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emi Ito
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shun Ito
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Takano
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | | | - Tatsuya Tsukuda
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhou C, Pan P, Wei X, Lin Z, Chen C, Kang X, Zhu M. Horizontal expansion of biicosahedral M 13-based nanoclusters: resolving decades-long questions. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:1397-1403. [PMID: 36196687 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00321j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
For metal nanoclusters with the "cluster of clusters" intramolecular evolution pattern, most efforts have been made towards the vertical superposition of icosahedral nanobuilding blocks (e.g., from mono-icosahedral Au13 to bi-icosahedral Au25 and tri-icosahedral Au37), while the horizontal expansion of these rod-shaped multi-icosahedral aggregates was largely neglected. We herein report the horizontal expansion of the biicosahedral M25 cluster framework, yielding an [Au19Ag12(S-Adm)6(DPPM)6Cl7]2+ nanocluster that contains an Au13Ag12 kernel and six Au1(DPPM)1(S-Adm)1 peripheral wings. The structural determination of [Au19Ag12(S-Adm)6(DPPM)6Cl7]2+ resolved a decades-long question towards rod-shaped multi-icosahedral aggregates: how to load bidentate phosphine and bulky thiol ligands onto the nanocluster framework? The structural comparison between [Au19Ag12(S-Adm)6(DPPM)6Cl7]2+ and previously reported [Au13Ag12(PPh3)10Cl8]2+ or [Au13Ag12(SR)5(PPh3)10Cl2]2+ rationalized the unique packing of Au1(DPPM)1(S-Adm)1 motif structures on the surface of the former nanocluster. Overall, this work presents the horizontal expansion of rod-shaped multi-icosahedral nanoclusters, which provides new insights into the preparation of novel icosahedron-based aggregates with both vertically and horizontally growing extensions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Peiyao Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Zidong Lin
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang J, Liu X, Zhang W, Wang C, Qin Z. Magnetic coupling induced by the interaction between endohedral metal borofullerenes. RSC Adv 2022; 12:13401-13405. [PMID: 35520144 PMCID: PMC9066650 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01591a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Superatom-assembled materials have highly tunable magnetic and electronic properties and parameters of clusters. Here, eight superatom dimers composed of two U@B40 motifs have been studied by the density functional theory. Calculation results show that U@B40 dimers exhibit spin antiferromagnetic coupling, spin ferromagnetic coupling and nonmagnetic, that is, the magnetic coupling is induced by the interaction between the U@B40 superatoms. In addition, the monomers in U@B40 dimers still retain the superatomic orbitals, and some of the super atomic orbitals disappear due to the interaction between monomers. The assembly based on U@B40 induced a decrease in the energy gap. This study provides a basis for a deep understanding of controlling the cluster-assembled materials for tailoring their functionalities. The studied eight U@B40 superatom dimers show that they exhibit spin antiferromagnetic coupling, spin ferromagnetic coupling and nonmagnetic, that is, the magnetic coupling is induced by the interaction between the U@B40 superatoms.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- College of Information Technology, Jilin Normal University Siping 136000 China
| | - Xuhui Liu
- College of Information Technology, Jilin Normal University Siping 136000 China
| | - Wanyi Zhang
- College of Information Technology, Jilin Normal University Siping 136000 China
| | - Chunxu Wang
- College of Information Technology, Jilin Normal University Siping 136000 China
| | - Zhengkun Qin
- College of Information Technology, Jilin Normal University Siping 136000 China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Xu C, Zhou Y, Yi J, Li D, Shi L, Cheng L. Tri- and Tetra-superatomic Molecules in Ligand-Protected Face-Fused Icosahedral (M@Au 12) n (M = Au, Pt, Ir, and Os, and n = 3 and 4) Clusters. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:1931-1939. [PMID: 35187932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cluster assembling has been one of the hottest topics in nanochemistry. In certain ligand-protected gold clusters, bi-icosahedral cores assembled from Au13 superatoms were found to be analogues of diatomic molecules F2, N2, and singlet O2, respectively, in electronic shells, depending upon the super valence bond (SVB) model. However, challenges still remain for extending the scale in cluster assembling via the SVB model. In this work, ligand-protected tri- and tetra-superatomic clusters composed of icosahedral M@Au12 (M = Au, Pt, Ir, and Os) units are theoretically predicted. These clusters are stable with reasonable highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy gaps and proven to be analogues of simple triatomic (Cl3-, OCl2, O3, and CO2) and tetra-atomic (N≡C-C≡N, and Cl-C≡C-Cl) molecules in both geometric and electronic structures. Moreover, a stable cluster-assembling gold nanowire is predicted following the same rules. This work provides effective electronic rules for cluster assembling on a larger scale and gives references for their experimental synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiuqi Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Longjiu Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xu J, Xiong L, Cai X, Tang S, Tang A, Liu X, Pei Y, Zhu Y. Evolution from superatomic Au 24Ag 20 monomers into molecular-like Au 43Ag 38 dimeric nanoclusters. Chem Sci 2022; 13:2778-2782. [PMID: 35356678 PMCID: PMC8890245 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc07178e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hierarchical assembly of nanoparticles has been attracting wide interest, as advanced functionalities can be achieved. However, the ability to manipulate structural evolution of artificial nanoparticles into assemblies with atomic precision has been largely unsuccessful. Here we report the evolution from monomeric Au24Au20 into dimeric Au43Ag38 nanoclusters: Au43Ag38 inherits the kernel frameworks from parent Au24Ag20 but exhibits distinct surface motifs; Au24Ag20 is racemic, while Au43Ag38 is mesomeric. Importantly, the evolution from monomers to dimers opens up exciting opportunities exploring currently unknown properties of monomeric and dimeric alloy nanoclusters. The Au24Ag20 clusters show superatomic electronic configurations, while Au43Ag38 clusters have molecular-like characteristics. Furthermore, monomeric Au24Ag20 catalysts readily outperform dimeric Au43Ag38 catalysts in the catalytic reduction of CO2. The work shows the evolution from monomeric Au24Au20 into dimeric Au43Ag38 nanoclusters and provides exciting opportunities for atomic manufacturing on metal nanoclusters to construct structures and functionality.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Lin Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China
| | - Xiao Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Shisi Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Ancheng Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Xu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Yong Pei
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China
| | - Yan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kang SY, Nan ZA, Wang QM. Superatomic Orbital Splitting in Coinage Metal Nanoclusters. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:291-295. [PMID: 34978829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The superatomic orbital splitting (SOS) method is developed to understand the electronic structures of coinage metal nanoclusters, in which delocalized electron counts are not magic numbers. Because the symmetry of a metal core can significantly affect the electronic structure of a nanocluster, this method takes the shape of the core into account in determining the order of group orbital levels. By taking nanoclusters as superatoms, a highly positively charged core is established by removing the ligands and staples. The superatomic orbitals split into group orbitals at different energy levels because of the nonspherical shape of the cluster core. Therefore, the electron configuration of the nonmagic-number nanocluster can be qualitatively analyzed without quantum chemical calculations, which is very important for understanding the stability of the cluster.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Yu Kang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials and Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zi-Ang Nan
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials and Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Quan-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials and Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Negishi Y. Metal-nanocluster Science and Technology: My Personal History and Outlook. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:7569-7594. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05689a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters (NCs) are among the leading targets in research of nanoscale materials, and elucidation of their properties (science) and development of control techniques (technology) have been continuously studied for...
Collapse
|
23
|
Patty JB, Havenridge S, Tietje-Mckinney D, Siegler MA, Singh KK, Hajy Hosseini R, Ghabin M, Aikens CM, Das A. Crystal Structure and Optical Properties of a Chiral Mixed Thiolate/Stibine-Protected Au 18 Cluster. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 144:478-484. [PMID: 34957826 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the first example of a chiral mixed thiolate/stibine-protected gold cluster, formulated as Au18(S-Adm)8(SbPh3)4Br2 (where S-Adm = 1-adamantanethiolate). Single crystal X-ray crystallography reveals the origin of chirality in the cluster to be the introduction of the rotating arrangement of Au2(S-Adm)3 and Au(S-Adm)2 staple motifs on an achiral Au13 core and the subsequent capping of the remaining gold atoms by SbPh3 and Br- ligands. Interestingly, the structure and properties of this new Au18 cluster are found to be different from other reported achiral Au18 clusters and the only other stibine-protected [Au13(SbPh3)8Cl4]+ cluster. Detailed analyses on the geometric and electronic structures of the new cluster are carried out to gain insights into its optical properties as well as reactivity and stability of such mixed monolayer-protected clusters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin B Patty
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| | - Shana Havenridge
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Dylan Tietje-Mckinney
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| | - Maxime A Siegler
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Kundan K Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| | - Roumina Hajy Hosseini
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| | - Mohamed Ghabin
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| | - Christine M Aikens
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Anindita Das
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wan X, Wang J, Wang Q. Ligand‐Protected Au
55
with a Novel Structure and Remarkable CO
2
Electroreduction Performance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xian‐Kai Wan
- Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 10084 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 P. R. China
| | - Jia‐Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 10084 P. R. China
| | - Quan‐Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 10084 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wan XK, Wang JQ, Wang QM. Ligand-Protected Au 55 with a Novel Structure and Remarkable CO 2 Electroreduction Performance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20748-20753. [PMID: 34288322 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A Au55 nanocluster with the composition of [Au55 (p-MBT)24 (Ph3 P)6 ](SbF6 )3 (p-MBT=4-methylbenzenethiolate) is synthesized via direct reduction of gold-phosphine and gold-thiolate precursors. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that this Au55 nanocluster features a face-centered cubic (fcc) Au55 kernel, different from the well-known two-shell cuboctahedral arrangement in Au55 (Ph3 P)12 Cl6 . The Au55 cluster shows a wide optical absorption band with optical energy gap (Eg =1.28 eV). It is found that the exclusion of chloride is crucial for the formation of the title cluster, otherwise rod-like [Au25 (SR)5 (PPh3 )10 Cl2 ]2+ is obtained. The strategy to run synthetic reaction in the absence of halide leads to new members of phosphine/thiolate co-protected metal nanoclusters. The Au55 nanocluster exhibits high catalytic activity and selectivity for electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO; the Faradaic efficiency (FE) reaches 94.1 % at -0.6 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Kai Wan
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10084, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10084, P. R. China
| | - Quan-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10084, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shichibu Y, Zhang F, Chen Y, Konishi M, Tanaka S, Imoto H, Naka K, Konishi K. Diarsine- vs diphosphine-protected Au 13 clusters: Effect of subtle geometric differences on optical property and electronic structure. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:054301. [PMID: 34364349 DOI: 10.1063/5.0059607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the design of ligand-protected metal clusters, the choice of protecting ligands is a critical factor because they can profoundly affect the nuclearity, geometry, and electronic structures to afford a diverse range of cluster compounds. Here, we report the synthesis of two novel diarsine-protected Au13 clusters ([Au13L5Cl2]3+, L = diarsine) and compare these clusters with diphosphine analogs in terms of the core geometry and optical properties. In the crystal structure, the cluster bearing C3-bridged diarsines {[Au13(dpap)5Cl2]3+, 3} had an apparently identical icosahedral Au13 core to [Au13(dppe)5Cl2]3+ (1) with C2-bridged diphosphines, but slight structural differences associated with the bridging unit of the ligands were found. Despite similar icosahedral Au13 cores 1 and 3, their absorption and photoluminescence profiles were evidently different. Theoretical calculations revealed that the subtle deformation of the Au13 icosahedron, rather than the coordinating atoms (As or P), notably influences the electronic structure to cause the difference in the absorption profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukatsu Shichibu
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, North 10 West 5, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Fan Zhang
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, North 10 West 5, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yuxiang Chen
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, North 10 West 5, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Masafumi Konishi
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Susumu Tanaka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Imoto
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Konishi
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, North 10 West 5, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hossain S, Miyajima S, Iwasa T, Kaneko R, Sekine T, Ikeda A, Kawawaki T, Taketsugu T, Negishi Y. [Ag 23Pd 2(PPh 3) 10Cl 7] 0: A new family of synthesizable bi-icosahedral superatomic molecules. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:024302. [PMID: 34266257 DOI: 10.1063/5.0057005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Icosahedral noble-metal 13-atom nanoclusters (NCs) can form connected structures, which can be regarded as superatomic molecules, by vertex sharing. However, there have been very few reports on the superatomic molecules formed using silver (Ag) as the base element. In this study, we synthesized [Ag23Pd2(PPh3)10Cl7]0 (Pd = palladium, PPh3 = triphenylphosphine, Cl = chloride), in which two icosahedral 13-atom NCs are connected, and elucidated its geometric and electronic structures to clarify what type of superatomic molecules can be synthesized. The results revealed that [Ag23Pd2(PPh3)10Cl7]0 is a synthesizable superatomic molecule. Single crystal x-ray diffraction analysis showed that the metal-metal distances in and between the icosahedral structures of [Ag23Pd2(PPh3)10Cl7]0 are slightly shorter than those of previously reported [Ag23Pt2(PPh3)10Cl7]0, whereas the metal-PPh3 distances are slightly longer. On the basis of several experiments and density functional theory calculations, we concluded that [Ag23Pd2(PPh3)10Cl7]0 and previously reported [Ag23Pt2(PPh3)10Cl7]0 are more stable than [Ag25(PPh3)10Cl7]2+ because of their stronger superatomic frameworks (metal cores). These findings are expected to lead to clear design guidelines for creation of new superatomic molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakiat Hossain
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Sayuri Miyajima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku 162-8601, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwasa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Ryo Kaneko
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku 162-8601, Japan
| | - Taishu Sekine
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku 162-8601, Japan
| | - Ayaka Ikeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku 162-8601, Japan
| | - Tokuhisa Kawawaki
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yuichi Negishi
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Omoda T, Takano S, Tsukuda T. Toward Controlling the Electronic Structures of Chemically Modified Superatoms of Gold and Silver. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2001439. [PMID: 32696588 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202001439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Atomically precise gold/silver clusters protected by organic ligands L, [(Au/Ag)x Ly ]z , have gained increasing interest as building units of functional materials because of their novel photophysical and physicochemical properties. The properties of [(Au/Ag)x Ly ]z are intimately associated with the quantized electronic structures of the metallic cores, which can be viewed as superatoms from the analogy of naked Au/Ag clusters. Thus, establishment of the correlation between the geometric and electronic structures of the superatomic cores is crucial for rational design and improvement of the properties of [(Au/Ag)x Ly ]z . This review article aims to provide a qualitative understanding on how the electronic structures of [(Au/Ag)x Ly ]z are affected by geometric structures of the superatomic cores with a focus on three factors: size, shape, and composition, on the basis of single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The knowledge accumulated here will constitute a basis for the development of ligand-protected Au/Ag clusters as new artificial elements on a nanometer scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Omoda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Takano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tsukuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, 615-8520, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wu H, Fang YG, Anumula R, Andrew GN, Cui G, Fang W, Luo Z, Yao J. A mono-copper doped undeca-gold cluster with up-converted and anti-stokes emissions of fluorescence and phosphorescence. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:5300-5306. [PMID: 33660721 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07624d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We have synthesized single crystals of a highly stable Cu-doped undeca-gold cluster protected by both triphenylphosphine (PPh3) and 2-pyridinethiol (-SPy) ligands, formulated as [Au11Cu1(PPh3)7(SPy)3]+. This cluster (Au11Cu1 NCs for short) has a metallic core of C3v Au@Au10 with the Cu atom capped on one of the nine triangular facets and it is triply-coordinated to three N atoms of the SPy ligands of which the sulfur atom simultaneously binds to three adjacent Au atoms via singly-coordinated S-Au bonds, respectively. The other seven gold atoms form a crown structure by a link of three orthogons with common sides and are protected by seven PPh3 ligands. Besides the well-organized coordination, this Au11Cu1 nanocluster is demonstrated to exhibit superatom stability of the metallic core within 8 valence electrons (assuming that the 3 electrophilic-SPy ligands capture 3 electrons from the metal center). More interestingly, this Au11Cu1 nanocluster shows interesting emissions in both ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) and near infrared (NIR) regions, and the emissions display novel anti-Stokes up-conversion lasing characteristics. TD-DFT calculated UV-vis and emission spectra well reproduce the experimental results, shedding light on the nature of excitation states and underlying mechanism of electronic transitions between diverse energy levels of such a monolayer-protected bimetallic cluster.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) and State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100090, China.
| | - Ye-Guang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Rajini Anumula
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) and State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100090, China.
| | - Gaya N Andrew
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) and State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100090, China.
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Weihai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Zhixun Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) and State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100090, China.
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) and State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100090, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Shichibu Y, Ogawa Y, Sugiuchi M, Konishi K. Chiroptical activity of Au 13 clusters: experimental and theoretical understanding of the origin of helical charge movements. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:1005-1011. [PMID: 36133296 PMCID: PMC9416943 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00833h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Ligand-protected gold clusters with an asymmetric nature have emerged as a novel class of chiral compounds, but the origins of their chiroptical activities associated with helical charge movements in electronic transitions remain unexplored. Herein, we perform experimental and theoretical studies on the structures and chiroptical properties of Au13 clusters protected by mono- and di-phosphine ligands. Based on the experimental reevaluation of diphosphine-ligated Au13 clusters, we show that these surface ligands slightly twist the Au13 cores from a true icosahedron to generate intrinsic chirality in the gold frameworks. Theoretical investigation of a monophosphine-ligated cluster model reproduced the experimentally observed circular dichroism (CD) spectrum, indicating that such a torsional twist of the Au13 core, rather than the surrounding chiral environment by helically arranged diphosphine ligands, contributes to the appearance of the chiroptical response. We also show that the calculated CD signals are dependent on the degree of asymmetry (torsion angle between the two equatorial Au5 pentagons), and provide a visual understanding of the origin of helical charge movements with transition-moment and transition-density analyses. This work provides novel insights into the chiroptical activities of ligand-protected metal clusters with intrinsically chiral cores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukatsu Shichibu
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University North 10 West 5 Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University North 10 West 5 Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
| | - Yuri Ogawa
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University North 10 West 5 Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
| | - Mizuho Sugiuchi
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University North 10 West 5 Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
| | - Katsuaki Konishi
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University North 10 West 5 Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University North 10 West 5 Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
Takano S, Tsukuda T. Chemically Modified Gold/Silver Superatoms as Artificial Elements at Nanoscale: Design Principles and Synthesis Challenges. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:1683-1698. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinjiro Takano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tsukuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Jacobo-Fernández JM, Tlahuice-Flores A. Effect of the charge state on the structure of the Au 60 cluster. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:442-448. [PMID: 33319892 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04393a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript outlines a DFT-D study of a neutral and charged Au60 cluster. The neutral structure features an I-symmetry, while 1-, 1+, and 2+ charge states result in a structure with Cs symmetry. The main difference among neutral and charged clusters is their compactness and we used a polyhedral approach to analyze their structure in terms of tetrahedral and octahedral building blocks. Moreover, we calculated their IR/Raman spectra to distinguish among them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jimena M Jacobo-Fernández
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, CICFIM-Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL 66455, Mexico.
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Li T, Li Q, Yang S, Xu L, Chai J, Li P, Zhu M. Surface engineering of linearly fused Au 13 units using diphosphine and Cd doping. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4682-4685. [PMID: 33977990 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00577d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, surface engineering was delicately performed to assemble two new Au-Cd alloy nanoclusters, including [Cd2Au17(S-c-C6H11)12(DPPP)2](BPh4) and Cd2Au29(TBBT)17(DPPF)2. Both the Au13 (in Cd2Au17) and Au25 (in Cd2Au29) cores were covered by two identical Au2Cd(SR)6 motifs and two diphosphine ligands. In addition, their optical properties were explored to give clues on the kernel- and surface-dependent electronic structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianrong Li
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Qinzhen Li
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Sha Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Liyun Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Jinsong Chai
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pillay MN, van Zyl WE, Liu CW. A construction guide for high-nuclearity (≥50 metal atoms) coinage metal clusters at the nanoscale: bridging molecular precise constructs with the bulk material phase. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:24331-24348. [PMID: 33300525 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05632d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis remains a major strength in chemistry and materials science and relies on the formation of new molecules and diverse forms of matter. The construction and identification of large molecules poses specific challenges and has historically lain in the realm of biological (organic)-type molecules with evolved synthesis methods to support such endeavours. But with the development of analytical tools such as X-ray crystallography, new synthesis methods toward large metal-based (inorganic) molecules and clusters have come to the fore, making it possible to accurately determine the precise distribution of hundreds of atoms in large clusters. In this review, we focus on different synthesis protocols used to form new metal clusters such as templating, alloying and size-focusing strategies. A specific focus is on group 11 metals (Cu, Ag, Au) as they currently predominate large metal cluster investigations and related Au and Ag bulk surface phenomena. This review focuses on metal clusters that have very high-nuclearity, i.e. with 50 or more metal centers within the isolated cluster. This size domain, it is believed, will become increasingly important for a variety of applications as these metal clusters are positioned at the interface between the molecular and bulk phases, whilst remaining a classic nanomaterial and retaining unique nano-sized properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael N Pillay
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hirai H, Ito S, Takano S, Koyasu K, Tsukuda T. Ligand-protected gold/silver superatoms: current status and emerging trends. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12233-12248. [PMID: 34094434 PMCID: PMC8162828 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04100a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Monolayer-protected gold/silver clusters have attracted much interest as nano-scale building units for novel functional materials owing to their nonbulk-like structures and size-specific properties. They can be viewed as ligand-protected superatoms because their magic stabilities and fundamental properties are well explained in the framework of the jellium model. In the last decade, the number of ligand-protected superatoms with atomically-defined structures has been increasing rapidly thanks to the well-established synthesis and structural determination by X-ray crystallography. This perspective summarizes the current status and emerging trends in synthesis and characterization of superatoms. The topics related to synthesis include (1) development of targeted synthesis based on transformation, (2) enhancement of robustness and synthetic yield for practical applications, and (3) development of controlled fusion and assembly of well-defined superatoms to create new properties. New characterization approaches are also introduced such as (1) mass spectrometry and laser spectroscopies in the gas phase, (2) determination of static and dynamic structures, and (3) computational analysis by machine learning. Finally, future challenges and prospects are discussed for further promotion and development of materials science of superatoms. This perspective summarizes the current status and emerging trends in synthesis and characterization of ligand-protected gold/silver superatoms.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haru Hirai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Shun Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Shinjiro Takano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Kiichirou Koyasu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan .,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University Katsura Kyoto 615-8520 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tsukuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan .,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University Katsura Kyoto 615-8520 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Gam F, Liu CW, Kahlal S, Saillard JY. Electron counting and bonding patterns in assemblies of three and more silver-rich superatoms. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:20308-20316. [PMID: 33001105 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05179a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
DFT calculations were carried out on a series of cluster cores, the framework of which was made of the condensation of several Pt@Ag12-centered icosahedra. Icosahedral condensations through vertex-sharing, face-sharing, and interpenetration were considered and their favored electron counts were determined from their stable closed-shell configurations. A large number of the computed assemblies of n icosahedral superatomic units can be considered as isolobal analogs of stable, closed-shell n-atom molecules, most of them obeying the octet rule. The larger the degree of fusion between icosahedra, the stronger the interaction between them. For example, it was possible to design 3-icosahedral supermolecular cores analogous to CO2, SF2, or [I3]-, but also to the not-yet-isolated cyclic O3. Supermolecules equivalent to non-stable molecules can also be designed. Indeed, differences exist between atoms and superatoms, and original icosahedra assemblies with no "molecular" analogs are also likely to exist, especially with compact structures and/or systems made of a large number of fused superatoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franck Gam
- Université Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - C W Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd., Shoufeng, Hualien 974301, Taiwan
| | - Samia Kahlal
- Université Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Li Y, Higaki T, Du X, Jin R. Chirality and Surface Bonding Correlation in Atomically Precise Metal Nanoclusters. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905488. [PMID: 32181554 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chirality is ubiquitous in nature and occurs at all length scales. The development of applications for chiral nanostructures is rising rapidly. With the recent achievements of atomically precise nanochemistry, total structures of ligand-protected Au and other metal nanoclusters (NCs) are successfully obtained, and the origins of chirality are discovered to be associated with different parts of the cluster, including the surface ligands (e.g., swirl patterns), the organic-inorganic interface (e.g., helical stripes), and the kernel. Herein, a unified picture of metal-ligand surface bonding-induced chirality for the nanoclusters is proposed. The different bonding modes of M-X (where M = metal and X = the binding atom of ligand) lead to different surface structures on nanoclusters, which in turn give rise to various characteristic features of chirality. A comparison of Au-thiolate NCs with Au-phosphine ones further reveals the important roles of surface bonding. Compared to the Au-thiolate NCs, the Ag/Cu/Cd-thiolate systems exhibit different coordination modes between the metal and the thiolate. Other than thiolate and phosphine ligands, alkynyls are also briefly discussed. Several methods of obtaining chiroptically active nanoclusters are introduced, such as enantioseparation by high-performance liquid chromatography and enantioselective synthesis. Future perspectives on chiral NCs are also proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Tatsuya Higaki
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Xiangsha Du
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kang X, Li Y, Zhu M, Jin R. Atomically precise alloy nanoclusters: syntheses, structures, and properties. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:6443-6514. [PMID: 32760953 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00633h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters fill the gap between discrete atoms and plasmonic nanoparticles, providing unique opportunities for investigating the quantum effects and precise structure-property correlations at the atomic level. As a versatile strategy, alloying can largely improve the physicochemical performances compared to the corresponding homo-metal nanoclusters, and thus benefit the applications of such nanomaterials. In this review, we highlight the achievements of atomically precise alloy nanoclusters, and summarize the alloying principles and fundamentals, including the synthetic methods, site-preferences for different heteroatoms in the templates, and alloying-induced structure and property changes. First, based on various Au or Ag nanocluster templates, heteroatom doping modes are presented. The templates with electronic shell-closing configurations tend to maintain their structures during doping, while the others may undergo transformation and give rise to alloy nanoclusters with new structures. Second, alloy nanoclusters of specific magic sizes are reviewed. The arrangement of different atoms is related to the symmetry of the structures; that is, different atoms are symmetrically located in the nanoclusters of smaller sizes, and evolve into shell-by-shell structures at larger sizes. Then, we elaborate on the alloying effects in terms of optical, electrochemical, electroluminescent, magnetic and chiral properties, as well as the stability and reactivity via comparisons between the doped nanoclusters and their homo-metal counterparts. For example, central heteroatom-induced photoluminescence enhancement is emphasized. The applications of alloy nanoclusters in catalysis, chemical sensing, bio-labeling, and other fields are further discussed. Finally, we provide perspectives on existing issues and future efforts. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive synthetic toolbox and controllable doping modes so as to achieve more alloy nanoclusters with customized compositions, structures, and properties for applications. This review is based on publications available up to February 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Anumula R, Reber AC, An P, Cui C, Guo M, Wu H, Luo Z, Khanna SN. Ligand accommodation causes the anti-centrosymmetric structure of Au 13Cu 4 clusters with near-infrared emission. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:14801-14807. [PMID: 32627782 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02448a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized an [Au13Cu4(PPh3)4(SPy)8]+ nanocluster co-capped by phosphine and thiolate ligands. Interestingly, this Au13Cu4 cluster corresponds to an anti-centrosymmetric structure with the four copper atoms coordinated to the mixed ligands on the same side of the Au13 icosahedron, which is in sharp contrast to the [Au13Cu4(PPh2Py)4(SPhtBu)8]+ and [Au13Cu2(PPh3)6(SPy)6]+ clusters which possess highly symmetric structures with well-separated Cu adatoms. Both [Au13Cu4(PPh3)4(SPy)8]+ and [Au13Cu2(PPh3)6(SPy)6]+ clusters correspond to 8 valence electron superatoms with large HOMO-LUMO gaps, respectively. The difference in structure is rooted in the nature of the mixed ligands, with the bidentate SPy binding strongly to Cu on both binding sites (-N-Cu and Au-SR-Cu) leading to the co-linking of adjacent Cu atoms, while the bidentate PPh2Py binds Cu on one site and Au on the other giving rise to a separation of the Cu atoms even in the presence of relatively higher monomer concentration. Both [Au13Cu4(PPh3)4(SPy)8]+ and [Au13Cu2(PPh3)6(SPy)6]+ display emissions in the near-IR regions. TD-DFT calculations reproduce the spectroscopic results with specified excited states, shedding light on the geometric and electronic behaviors of the ligand-protected Au13Mx clusters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajini Anumula
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) and State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, and Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Liu X, Saranya G, Huang X, Cheng X, Wang R, Chen M, Zhang C, Li T, Zhu Y. Ag
2
Au
50
(PET)
36
Nanocluster: Dimeric Assembly of Au
25
(PET)
18
Enabled by Silver Atoms. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:13941-13946. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | | | - Xinyu Huang
- School of Physics Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Xinglian Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Physics Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Mingyang Chen
- Center for Green Innovation School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center Beijing 100193 China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- School of Physics Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Yan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Liu X, Saranya G, Huang X, Cheng X, Wang R, Chen M, Zhang C, Li T, Zhu Y. Ag
2
Au
50
(PET)
36
Nanocluster: Dimeric Assembly of Au
25
(PET)
18
Enabled by Silver Atoms. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | | | - Xinyu Huang
- School of Physics Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Xinglian Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Physics Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Mingyang Chen
- Center for Green Innovation School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center Beijing 100193 China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- School of Physics Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Yan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chen S, Du W, Qin C, Liu D, Tang L, Liu Y, Wang S, Zhu M. Assembly of the Thiolated [Au
1
Ag
22
(S‐Adm)
12
]
3+
Superatom Complex into a Framework Material through Direct Linkage by SbF
6
−
Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information TechnologyAnhui University JiuLong Rd Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid MaterialsAnhui University)Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Du
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized MaterialsAnhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid MaterialsAnhui University)Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Chenwanli Qin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized MaterialsAnhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid MaterialsAnhui University)Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Danyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized MaterialsAnhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid MaterialsAnhui University)Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized MaterialsAnhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid MaterialsAnhui University)Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized MaterialsAnhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid MaterialsAnhui University)Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Shuxin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized MaterialsAnhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid MaterialsAnhui University)Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information TechnologyAnhui University JiuLong Rd Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized MaterialsAnhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid MaterialsAnhui University)Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chen S, Du W, Qin C, Liu D, Tang L, Liu Y, Wang S, Zhu M. Assembly of the Thiolated [Au
1
Ag
22
(S‐Adm)
12
]
3+
Superatom Complex into a Framework Material through Direct Linkage by SbF
6
−
Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7542-7547. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information TechnologyAnhui University JiuLong Rd Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid MaterialsAnhui University)Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Du
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized MaterialsAnhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid MaterialsAnhui University)Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Chenwanli Qin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized MaterialsAnhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid MaterialsAnhui University)Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Danyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized MaterialsAnhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid MaterialsAnhui University)Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized MaterialsAnhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid MaterialsAnhui University)Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized MaterialsAnhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid MaterialsAnhui University)Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Shuxin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized MaterialsAnhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid MaterialsAnhui University)Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information TechnologyAnhui University JiuLong Rd Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized MaterialsAnhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid MaterialsAnhui University)Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Jin S, Zhou M, Kang X, Li X, Du W, Wei X, Chen S, Wang S, Zhu M. Three‐dimensional Octameric Assembly of Icosahedral M
13
Units in [Au
8
Ag
57
(Dppp)
4
(C
6
H
11
S)
32
Cl
2
]Cl and its [Au
8
Ag
55
(Dppp)
4
(C
6
H
11
S)
34
][BPh
4
]
2
Derivative. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3891-3895. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jin
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Manman Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Xiaowu Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Du
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Shuxin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Jin S, Zhou M, Kang X, Li X, Du W, Wei X, Chen S, Wang S, Zhu M. Three‐dimensional Octameric Assembly of Icosahedral M
13
Units in [Au
8
Ag
57
(Dppp)
4
(C
6
H
11
S)
32
Cl
2
]Cl and its [Au
8
Ag
55
(Dppp)
4
(C
6
H
11
S)
34
][BPh
4
]
2
Derivative. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jin
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Manman Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Xiaowu Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Du
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Shuxin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Steenbergen KG, Gaston N. Ultra stable superatomic structure of doubly magic Ga 13 and Ga 13Li electrolyte. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:289-295. [PMID: 31825042 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06959c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the extreme thermal stability of the superatomic electronic structure for 13-atom gallium clusters and the Ga13Li electrolyte. Using previously-validated first-principles simulations, [K. G. Steenbergen and N. Gaston, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys., 2013, 88, 161402-161405] we show that the superatomic shell progression of doubly-magic Ga13- remains stable up to 1000 K, making this cluster an ideal candidate for high-temperature applications requiring an exceptionally stable electronic structure. Using the neutral and cationic clusters for comparison, we quantify the extent to which cluster stability (geometric and electronic) is modified through addition or subtraction of a single electron. Finally, combining 13-atom gallium with lithium, we illustrate that superatomic closed-shell Ga13Li exhibits the same exceptionally high thermal stability as naked Ga13-. For technological use as a superatomic electrolyte, we demonstrate that Ga13Li has a low affinity to water as well as a low Li+ binding energy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krista G Steenbergen
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Nicola Gaston
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
He L, He X, Wang J, Qu Y, Su X, Zheng J, Zhao X. The positional isomerism in bimetal nanoclusters. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01334j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Enriching the variety of isomerism in the nanocluster field is exciting but challenging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lizhong He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Xi'an Polytechnic University
- Xi'an
- PR China
| | - Xinhai He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Xi'an Polytechnic University
- Xi'an
- PR China
| | - Junbo Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Xi'an Polytechnic University
- Xi'an
- PR China
| | - Yinhu Qu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Xi'an Polytechnic University
- Xi'an
- PR China
| | - Xiaolei Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Xi'an Polytechnic University
- Xi'an
- PR China
| | - Jiaojiao Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Xi'an Polytechnic University
- Xi'an
- PR China
| | - Xiaoliang Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Xi'an Polytechnic University
- Xi'an
- PR China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
|
50
|
Du X, Chai J, Yang S, Li Y, Higaki T, Li S, Jin R. Fusion growth patterns in atomically precise metal nanoclusters. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:19158-19165. [PMID: 31509143 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05789g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Atomically precise nanoclusters of coinage metals in the 1-3 nm size regime have been intensively pursued in recent years. Such nanoclusters are attractive as they fill the gap between small molecules (<1 nm) and regular nanoparticles (>3 nm). This intermediate identity endows nanoclusters with unique physicochemical properties and provides nanochemists opportunities to understand the fundamental science of nanomaterials. Metal nanoparticles are well known to exhibit plasmon resonances upon interaction with light; however, when the particle size is downscaled to the nanocluster regime, the plasmons fade out and step-like absorption spectra characteristic of cluster sizes are manifested due to strong quantum confinement effects. Recent research has revealed that nanoclusters are commonly composed of a distinctive kernel and a surface-protecting shell (or staple-like metal-ligand motifs). Understanding the kernel configuration and evolution is one of the central topics in nanoscience research. This Review summarizes the recent progress in identifying the growth patterns of atomically precise coinage nanoclusters. Several basic kernel units have been observed, such as the M4, M13 and M14 polyhedrons (where, M = metal atom). Among them, the tetrahedral M4 and icosahedral M13 units are the most common ones, which are adopted as building blocks to construct larger kernel structures via various fusion or aggregation modes, including the vertex- and face-sharing mode, the double-strand and alternate single-strand growth, and cyclic fusion of units, as well as the fcc-based cubic growth pattern. The identification of the kernel growth pathways has led to deeper understanding of the evolution of electronic structure and optic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangsha Du
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Jinsong Chai
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Sha Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Yingwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Tatsuya Higaki
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Site Li
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| |
Collapse
|