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Turashvili G. Nonneoplastic and neoplastic sclerosing lesions of the breast. Histopathology 2024; 85:383-396. [PMID: 38923027 DOI: 10.1111/his.15252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Sclerosing lesions of the breast encompass a spectrum of benign and malignant entities and often pose a diagnostic challenge. Awareness of key morphologic features and pitfalls in the assessment of morphology and immunophenotype is essential to avoid over- or underdiagnosis and ensure optimal clinical management. This review summarizes nonneoplastic sclerosing lesions such as radial scar/complex sclerosing lesion, sclerosing adenosis, sclerosing intraductal papilloma, sclerosing variants of ductal adenoma and nipple adenoma, and fibroadenoma with extensive sclerosis, including their clinical presentation, characteristic morphology, differential diagnostic considerations, appropriate immunohistochemical work-up, when needed, and the clinical significance. In addition, atypical or neoplastic entities (such as atypical ductal hyperplasia, ductal carcinoma in situ, low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma, and fibromatosis-like metaplastic carcinoma) that can involve these sclerosing lesions are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulisa Turashvili
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Jin Z, Al Qaysi N, Hanna M, Moses V, Spiguel L, Shaw C, Asirvatham JR. Surgical excision versus clinical follow-up: Outcomes of benign intraductal papillomas diagnosed on core needle biopsy. Am J Surg 2024; 233:114-119. [PMID: 38503684 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2024.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare outcomes between benign intraductal papillomas diagnosed on core need biopsy that were excised (BIP-E) versus those that were followed-up (BIP-F) at our institution. METHODS Patients were identified by an electronic data base search from January 2010 to October 2016. After exclusions, clinical, radiological and histologic variables were evaluated and biopsy and excision slides reviewed. RESULTS 110 BIP from 104 females were analyzed. 84 BIP were excised and 26 BIP were followed up (mean 43.3 months, range 7-93 months).11 patients in BIP-E group had atypia on excision. There were no statistically significant differences between BIP-E with atypia and BIP-E without, except for clinical presentation with pain/discomfort (p = 0.015) in the former. There were no true upgrades to malignancy in both groups on follow up. One patient from each group developed a new breast cancer distant from IP site after nearly 4 years of uneventful follow-up. CONCLUSION Clinical follow up is an oncologically safe alternative for radiologically concordant BIP. Excision may be considered if a diagnosis of atypia would impact surveillence and chemoprevention recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbo Jin
- Department of Anatomic and Clinical Pathology, HCA Healthcare, USF Morsani College of Medicine, USA
| | - Nada Al Qaysi
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Mariam Hanna
- Department of Radiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Viju Moses
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Lisa Spiguel
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Christiana Shaw
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
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3
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Keating N, Cevik J, Hopkins D, Lippey J. Malignant upgrade rate and associated clinicopathologic predictors for concordant intraductal papilloma without atypia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Surg Oncol 2024; 129:1025-1033. [PMID: 38305061 DOI: 10.1002/jso.27592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Previously reported upgrade rates for benign breast intraductal papilloma (IDP) are widely variable. However, many previous studies have failed to consider radiologic-pathologic discordance of lesions. This review aims to synthesize malignant upgrade data for benign, concordant IDP at surgical excision. Thirteen studies were included in our meta-analysis. The pooled estimate for percentage underestimation of carcinoma was 1.4% (95% CI: 0.8%-2.0%). We conclude that these lesions can be safely managed by active surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Keating
- Department of Breast Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jevan Cevik
- The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Hopkins
- The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jocelyn Lippey
- Department of Breast Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
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Lou C, Wang W, Zhou B. Treatment Strategy for Breast Benign Intraductal Papilloma: A Meta-Analysis. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2024; 43:39-49. [PMID: 38608144 DOI: 10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.2024052888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, the optimal treatment approach for breast benign intraductal papilloma (IDP) diagnosed via biopsy remains uncertain. There is ongoing debate regarding the feasibility of clinical follow-up and the criteria for selective surgical excision. This study aims to conduct a meta-analysis to determine the rate of upgrade from breast benign IDP and identify predictive factors associated with the conversion of benign IDP to high-risk lesions or carcinoma, which could guide healthcare practitioners in selecting the appropriate clinical treatment strategy. We conducted a comprehensive search across multiple databases (PubMed, Web Of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase) for studies published between 2012 and 2023 that evaluated upgrade rates and predictive factors of breast benign IDP diagnosed via biopsy. In addition, we included studies that reported on the clinical follow-up of patients with breast benign IDP. In total, 32 studies comprising 7371 cases of biopsy-diagnosed breast benign IDP were included. Among these cases, 720 demonstrated an upgrade to high-risk lesions or carcinoma, resulting in an upgrade rate of 6.94% [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.0-8.0%]. A subgroup of 1713 patients was clinically followed up, demonstrating an average follow-up duration of 30.95 months. Among them, 26 cases experienced an upgrade to high-risk lesions or carcinoma, yielding an upgrade rate of 1.51% (95% CI 0.00-2.00). Furthermore, we identified nine predictive factors associated with the upgrading of breast benign IDP, which included age at diagnosis, personal history of breast cancer, family history of breast cancer, multiple IDPs, lesion size ≥ 10 mm, palpable mass, calcification, and the presence of mass and asymmetry in mammographic findings. Although the conversion rate of breast benign IDP to high-risk lesions or carcinoma is relatively low, timely identification of predictive factors associated with benign IDP upgrades may help selecting the optimal clinical treatment strategy, such as surgery for patients with benign IDP presenting one or more predictive factors, while clinical follow-up for those without specific risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congkun Lou
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nanjing Tianyinshan Hospital, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Wenhsin Wang
- Xiamen Keli Medical Beauty Clinic, Xiamen 361003, China
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Salisbury T, Gurung A, Koonmee S, Ali L, Ondic O, Bhan R, Pivovarcikova K, Hes O, Alaghehbandan R. Upgrade Rate and Predictive Factors Associated With Breast Papillary Lesions on Core Biopsy: A Canadian Experience. Int J Surg Pathol 2023; 31:1206-1216. [PMID: 36437635 DOI: 10.1177/10668969221137515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Papillary lesions of the breast are a heterogeneous group, encompassing a wide range of lesions. The histologic distinction between papillary breast lesions remains challenging, especially on core biopsy specimens. Aim: This study aimed to determine the rate of upgrade to atypia or malignancy of biopsy-proven papillary lesions on surgical follow-up and to assess for factors associated with an upgrade in Greater Vancouver, BC, Canada. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective population-based study of all breast papillary lesions diagnosed on core biopsy between 2017 and 2019 in the Fraser Health Authority in Greater Vancouver, Canada. Patients were retrieved from the laboratory information system. Patient demographics, histopathologic, and radiologic findings were analyzed. Results: A total of 269 specimens from 269 patients (mean 61.1 years), including 265 female and 4 male patients, were included in the study. Of the 269 specimens, 129 (48%) were intraductal papillomas and 140 (52%) were atypical papillary lesions. The overall upgrade rate among papillomas was 11.6% (15 of 129) on final excision. The mean age of patients diagnosed with papilloma on core biopsy was significantly younger than those with atypical papillary lesions (55.6 vs 66.1 years, P < .0001). Lesion size in patients with papillomas on core biopsy was significantly smaller than those with atypical papillary lesions (11.1 vs 15.1 mm, P = .001). The upgrade rates in patients <55 and ≥55 years were 4.9% and 13.2%. Size (P = .004) and atypia on core biopsy (P = .009) were significantly associated with upgrade. Older age (>55 years) (OR = 5.3, 95% CI: 1.04-27.08) was an independent predictor of upgrade among papillomas. Size, location, and Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) radiologic categories in our study were not associated with predicting the upgrade of papillomas. Conclusion: Our data suggest that the risk of upgrade to atypia or malignancy is sufficient to warrant the excision of benign papillomas of any size in patients aged ≥55 years. In patients younger than 55 years, observation with close clinical and radiological follow-up without surgery may be sufficient. Our findings also support surgical excision of papillomas diagnosed on core biopsy when associated with atypia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Salisbury
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ananta Gurung
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Supinda Koonmee
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Leila Ali
- Department of Pathology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ondrej Ondic
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Rohan Bhan
- Department of Medicine, Saba University School of Medicine, The Bottom, Saba, Dutch Caribbean
| | | | - Ondrej Hes
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Reza Alaghehbandan
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Oktay A, Aslan Ö, Taşkın F, Tunçbilek N, Esen İçten SG, Balcı P, Arıbal ME, Çelik L, Örgüç İŞ, Başaran Demirkazık F, Gültekin S, Aydın AM, Durmaz E, Kul S, Binokay F, Çetin M, Emlik GD, Akpınar MG, Kadıoğlu Voyvoda SN, Polat AV, Başara Akın I, Yıldız Ş, Poyraz N, Özsoy A, Öztekin PS, Elverici E, Bayrak İK, İkizceli T, Dinç F, Sezgin G, Gülşen G, Tunçbilek I, Yalçın SR, Çolakoğlu G, Ağlamış S, Yılmaz R, Rona G, Durhan G, Güner DC, Çelik Yabul F, Günbey Karabekmez L, Tutar B, Göktaş M, Buğdaycı O, Suner A, Özdemir N. Outcomes of high-risk breast lesions diagnosed using image-guided core needle biopsy: results from a multicenter retrospective study. Diagn Interv Radiol 2023; 29:579-587. [PMID: 36994925 PMCID: PMC10679644 DOI: 10.4274/dir.2022.221790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The clinical management of high-risk lesions using image-guided biopsy is challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the rates at which such lesions were upgraded to malignancy and identify possible predictive factors for upgrading high-risk lesions. METHODS This retrospective multicenter analysis included 1.343 patients diagnosed with high-risk lesions using an image-guided core needle or vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB). Only patients managed using an excisional biopsy or with at least one year of documented radiological follow-up were included. For each, the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category, number of samples, needle thickness, and lesion size were correlated with malignancy upgrade rates in different histologic subtypes. Pearson's chi-squared test, the Fisher-Freeman-Halton test, and Fisher's exact test were used for the statistical analyses. RESULTS The overall upgrade rate was 20.6%, with the highest rates in the subtypes of intraductal papilloma (IP) with atypia (44.7%; 55/123), followed by atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) (38.4%; 144/375), lobular neoplasia (LN) (12.7%; 7/55), papilloma without atypia (9.4%; 58/611), flat epithelial atypia (FEA) (8.7%; 10/114), and radial scars (RSs) (4.6%; 3/65). There was a significant relationship between the upgrade rate and BI-RADS category, number of samples, and lesion size Lesion size was the most predictive factor for an upgrade in all subtypes. CONCLUSION ADH and atypical IP showed considerable upgrade rates to malignancy, requiring surgical excision. The LN, IP without atypia, pure FEA, and RS subtypes showed lower malignancy rates when the BI-RADS category was lower and in smaller lesions that had been adequately sampled using VAB. After being discussed in a multidisciplinary meeting, these cases could be managed with follow-up instead of excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşenur Oktay
- Department of Radiology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Özge Aslan
- Department of Radiology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Füsun Taşkın
- Department of Radiology, Acıbadem MAA University Faculty of Medicine; Acıbadem MAA University Senology Research Institute, Acıbadem Atakent Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nermin Tunçbilek
- Department of Radiology, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Selma Gül Esen İçten
- Department of Radiology, Acıbadem MAA University Faculty of Medicine; Acıbadem MAA University Senology Research Institute, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Pınar Balcı
- Department of Radiology, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Erkin Arıbal
- Department of Radiology, Acıbadem MAA University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Levent Çelik
- Department of Radiology, Maltepe University Faculty of Medicine; İstanbul, Turkey
| | - İhsan Şebnem Örgüç
- Department of Radiology, Manisa Celal Bayar University Faculty of Medicine, Manisa, Turkey
| | | | - Serap Gültekin
- Department of Radiology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Murat Aydın
- Department of Radiology, Fırat University Faculty of Medicine, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Emel Durmaz
- Department of Radiology, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Sibel Kul
- Department of Radiology, Karadeniz Techinal University Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Figen Binokay
- Department of Radiology, Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Meltem Çetin
- Department of Radiology, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Ganime Dilek Emlik
- Department of Radiology, Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Sadiye Nuray Kadıoğlu Voyvoda
- Department of Radiology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar City Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Veysel Polat
- Department of Radiology, Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Işıl Başara Akın
- Department of Radiology, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Şeyma Yıldız
- Department of Radiology, Bezmialem Vakıf University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Necdet Poyraz
- Department of Radiology, Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Arzu Özsoy
- Department of Radiology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pelin Seher Öztekin
- Department of Radiology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eda Elverici
- Department of Radiology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İlkay Koray Bayrak
- Department of Radiology, Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Türkan İkizceli
- Department of Radiology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, İstanbul Haseki Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Funda Dinç
- Department of Radiology, Muğla Sıtkı Koman University Faculty of Medicine, Muğla Turkey
| | - Gülten Sezgin
- Department of Radiology, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Gökçe Gülşen
- Department of Radiology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, İstanbul Haseki Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Işıl Tunçbilek
- Department of Radiology, Medsentez Private Clinic, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Gül Çolakoğlu
- Department of Radiology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, İzmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Serpil Ağlamış
- Department of Radiology, Fırat University Faculty of Medicine, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Ravza Yılmaz
- Department of Radiology, İstanbul University, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Günay Rona
- Department of Radiology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar City Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gamze Durhan
- Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Davut Can Güner
- Department of Radiology, Maltepe University Faculty of Medicine; İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Çelik Yabul
- Department of Radiology, Bezmialem Vakıf University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Leman Günbey Karabekmez
- Department of Radiology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burçin Tutar
- Department of Radiology, Acıbadem Maslak Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Göktaş
- Department of Radiology, Ministry of Health Çerkezköy State Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Onur Buğdaycı
- Department of Radiology, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Aslı Suner
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Necmettin Özdemir
- Department of Medical Pathology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
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Willers N, Neven P, Floris G, Colpaert C, Oldenburger E, Han S, Van Ongeval C, Smeets A, Duhoux FP, Wildiers H, Denolf P, Laudus N, Dequeker E, De Brabander I, Van Damme N, De Schutter H. The Upgrade Risk of B3 Lesions to (Pre)Invasive Breast Cancer After Diagnosis on Core Needle or Vacuum Assisted Biopsy. A Belgian National Cohort Study. Clin Breast Cancer 2023; 23:e273-e280. [PMID: 37085379 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Flat epithelial atypia (FEA), lobular neoplasia (LN), papillary lesions (PL), radial scar (RS) and atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) are lesions of uncertain malignant potential and classified as B3 lesions by the European guidelines for quality assurance in breast cancer screening and diagnosis. Current management is usually wide local excision (WE), surveillance may be sufficient for some. We investigated the upgrade rate of B3 lesions to breast malignancy in a subsequent resection specimen after diagnosis on core needle-or vacuum assisted biopsy (CNB-VAB) in a national population-based series. METHODS Using data from the Belgian Cancer Registry (BCR) between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2016, inclusion criteria were new diagnosis of a B3 lesion on CNB or VAB with subsequent histological assessment on a wider excision specimen. Histological agreement between first- and follow-up investigation was analyzed to determine the upgrade risk to ductal adenocarcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive breast cancer (IC) according to the type of B3 lesion. RESULTS Of 1855 diagnosed B3 lesions, 812 were included in this study: 551 after CNB-261 after VAB. After diagnosis on CNB and VAB, we found 19.0% and 14.9% upgrade to malignancy respectively. Upgrade risks after CNB and VAB were: FEA 39.5% and 17.6%; LN 40.5% and 4.3%; PL 10.4% and 12.5%; RS 25.7%and 0.0%; ADH 29.5% and 20.0%. CONCLUSION Based on the observed upgrade rate we propose three recommendations: first, resection of ADH, and FEA with WE; second, resection of RS and classical LN with therapeutic VAB and further surveillance when radio-pathological correlation is concordant; third, surveillance of PL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nynke Willers
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Senology, AZ Sint Blasius, Dendermonde, Belgium.
| | - Patrick Neven
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Gynecological Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Floris
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cecile Colpaert
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Research Department, Belgian Cancer Registry, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eva Oldenburger
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sileny Han
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Gynecological Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chantal Van Ongeval
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Smeets
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Surgical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francois P Duhoux
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, and Breast Clinic, King Albert II Cancer Institute, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hans Wildiers
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Petra Denolf
- Research Department, Belgian Cancer Registry, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nele Laudus
- Department of Biomedical Quality Assurance, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Els Dequeker
- Department of Biomedical Quality Assurance, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Nancy Van Damme
- Research Department, Belgian Cancer Registry, Brussels, Belgium
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Calle C, Zhong E, Hanna MG, Ventura K, Friedlander MA, Morrow M, Cody H, Brogi E. Changes in the Diagnoses of Breast Core Needle Biopsies on Second Review at a Tertiary Care Center: Implications for Surgical Management. Am J Surg Pathol 2023; 47:172-182. [PMID: 36638314 PMCID: PMC10464622 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000002002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Core needle biopsy (CNB) of breast lesions is routine for diagnosis and treatment planning. Despite refinement of diagnostic criteria, the diagnosis of breast lesions on CNB can be challenging. At many centers, including ours, confirmation of diagnoses rendered in other laboratories is required before treatment planning. We identified CNBs first diagnosed elsewhere that were reviewed in our department over the course of 1 year because the patients sought care at our center and in which a change in diagnosis had been recorded. The outside and in-house CNB diagnoses were then classified based on Breast WHO Fifth Edition diagnostic categories. The impact of the change in diagnosis was estimated based on the subsequent surgical management. Findings in follow-up surgical excisions (EXCs) were used for validation. In 2018, 4950 outside cases with CNB were reviewed at our center. A total of 403 CNBs diagnoses were discrepant. Of these, 147 had a change in the WHO diagnostic category: 80 (54%) CNBs had a more severe diagnosis and 44 (30%) a less severe diagnosis. In 23 (16%) CNBs, the change of diagnostic category had no impact on management. Intraductal proliferations (n=54), microinvasive carcinoma (n=18), and papillary lesions (n=35) were the most disputed diagnoses. The in-house CNB diagnosis was confirmed in most cases with available excisions. Following CNB reclassification, 22/147 (15%) lesions were not excised. A change affecting the surgical management at our center occurred in 2.5% of all CNBs. Our results support routine review of outside breast CNB as a clinically significant practice before definitive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Calle
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, 10065 USA
- Faculdade de Ciencias da Saude da Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal
| | - Elaine Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, 10065 USA
| | - Matthew G. Hanna
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, 10065 USA
| | - Katia Ventura
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, 10065 USA
| | - Maria A. Friedlander
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, 10065 USA
| | - Monica Morrow
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Hiram Cody
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Edi Brogi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, 10065 USA
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9
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Tierney SN. Intraductal Papillomas. Surg Clin North Am 2022; 102:965-972. [DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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10
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Corbin H, Bomeisl P, Amin AL, Marshall HN, Gilmore H, Harbhajanka A. Upgrade Rates of Intraductal Papilloma with and without Atypia Diagnosed on Core Needle Biopsy and Clinicopathologic Predictors. Hum Pathol 2022; 128:90-100. [PMID: 35863513 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Surgical excision of breast intraductal papilloma (IDP) without atypia diagnosed on core needle biopsy (CNB) is controversial as the risk of upgrade to malignant lesions is not well established. This study investigates upgrade rates of benign and atypical IDP to ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive carcinoma (IC) and clinicopathologic predictors. We identified 556 cases of IDP diagnosed on CNB at a single institution from 2010-2020 after excluding patients with a history of breast carcinoma, ipsilateral high-risk lesion, radiologic/pathologic discordance, or less than 2 years of follow-up if no excision within one year. Of these, 97 biopsies were consistent with atypical IDP and 459 were benign IDP. Surgical excision was performed for 318 (57.2%), and the remaining 238 (42.8%) underwent active monitoring. The upgrade rate for IDP without atypia was 2/225 (0.9%; 1 DCIS and 1 IC). Of 93 surgically excised atypical IDPs, 19/93 (20.4%) upgraded (14 DCIS and 5 IC). Of 238 non-excised IDPs followed clinically (range 24-140 months, mean 60 months), there was no subsequent breast cancer diagnosed at the IDP site on follow-up. Mean age of patients was 56 yr±12.6sd without upgrade, 63 yr±10.6sd (p value=0.027) with DCIS, and 61 yr±10.8sd (p value=0.35) with IC. Atypical IDP was more likely to upgrade if biopsied by stereotactic guidance (8/19, 42.1% p=0.035). At our institution, we had an exceedingly low upgrade rate for benign IDP. Overall, patients with upgrade to DCIS were older. For atypical IDP, upgrade was seen in higher proportions of stereotactic biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley Corbin
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 9501 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Philip Bomeisl
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Amanda L Amin
- Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Holly N Marshall
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Hannah Gilmore
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Aparna Harbhajanka
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Kayadibi Y, Bulut IN, Aladag Kurt S, Erginöz E, Ozturk T, Velidedeoglu M, Taskin F, Esen Icten G. The Role of Superb Microvascular Imaging and Shearwave Elastography in the Evaluation of Intraductal Papilloma-Like Lesions. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2022; 41:995-1008. [PMID: 34862641 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the role of quantitative values obtained by superb microvascular imaging (SMI) and shearwave elastography (SWE) in the prediction of malignancy in intraductal papilloma-like lesions (IDPL). METHODS In the study, 61 patients between the ages of 14 to 73 years (mean age 44) diagnosed with IDPL on ultrasound (US) examination between the years 2020 and 2021 were included. The B-Mode US findings (shape, margins, size, echo pattern, and accompanying ductal dilatation), SMI vascular index (SMIvi), E-mean, and SWE-ratio values were recorded. RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference between malignant (n = 14) and benign (n = 47) groups in terms of symptoms (P = .005), size (P = .042), shape (P = .002), margins (P = .001), echogenicity (P = .023), microcalcifications (P = .009), SMIvi (P = .031), E-mean (P < .005), and SWE-ratio (P = .007). According to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, area under the curve (AUC), positive predictive values (PPV), and negative predictive values (NPV) were 57.1%, 87.2%, 80%, 0.722, 57.1%, 87.2% for US; 71.4%, 49%, 55.7%, 0.692, 30.3%, 85.7% for SMIvi; 85.7%, 71%, 74%, 0.864, 46%, 94.3% for E-mean, and 50%, 75.4%, 83%, 0.707, 91.5%, and 50% for SWE-ratio, respectively. Best results were obtained when SMI and SWE values were used together, achieving a sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, AUC, PPD, NPD of 78.6%, 93.6%, 93.4%, 0.872, 91.7%, and 93.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The SMI and SWE examinations are successful in the differentiation of benign and malignant intraductal lesions. They complement each other and contribute to B-mode US in managing IDPLs especially when used together. Our study is the first to compare the quantitative data of SWE and SMI in the differentiation of IDPLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Kayadibi
- Department of Radiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Iclal Nur Bulut
- Department of Radiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seda Aladag Kurt
- Department of Radiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ergin Erginöz
- Department of General Surgery, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tulin Ozturk
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Velidedeoglu
- Department of General Surgery, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fusun Taskin
- Senology Research Institute, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gul Esen Icten
- Senology Research Institute, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Ross DS, D'Alfonso TM. Papillary Neoplasms of the Breast: Diagnostic Features and Molecular Insights. Surg Pathol Clin 2022; 15:133-146. [PMID: 35236629 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Papillary neoplasms of the breast are a heterogeneous group of tumors characterized by fibrovascular cores lined by epithelium, with or without myoepithelial cells. Papillary neoplasms include benign, atypical, and malignant tumors that show varying histopathologic features and clinical outcomes. Appropriate pathologic classification is crucial to guide clinical treatment. Classification of papillary neoplasms is largely based on morphology, with immunohistochemistry playing an ancillary role to establish diagnoses. Recent molecular studies have provided insight into the genomics of these lesions. This review summarizes the histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of papillary neoplasms of the breast that are important for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dara S Ross
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, S-624, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Timothy M D'Alfonso
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, A-504, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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13
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Kulka J, Madaras L, Floris G, Lax SF. Papillary lesions of the breast. Virchows Arch 2022; 480:65-84. [PMID: 34734332 PMCID: PMC8983543 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-021-03182-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Papillary lesions of the breast represent a heterogeneous group of lesions including benign papillomas, papillomas with focal epithelial atypia, fully fledged ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or lobular neoplasia, papillary DCIS, encapsulated papillary carcinomas without or with invasion, solid papillary carcinomas, and invasive papillary carcinomas. A micropapillary pattern characterized by lack of fibrous stalks within the papillae is observed in micropapillary DCIS and invasive micropapillary carcinoma. In addition, a variety of other rare breast lesions reveals a papillary architecture such as tall cell carcinoma with reversed polarity (TCCRP) and mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, adenomyoepithelioma, and secretory carcinoma. In addition, benign lesions such as usual ductal hyperplasia, apocrine metaplasia, gynecomastia, and juvenile papillomatosis may show a papillary or micropapillary architecture. Fragments of a benign papilloma in a breast biopsy are considered a lesion of uncertain malignant potential (B3 in the European classification) and excision is mostly recommended. Although the knowledge about molecular pathology of papillary breast lesions has increased, there is not sufficient evidence for diagnostically useful molecular features, yet. The aim of this review is to provide an update on papillary and micropapillary lesions with emphasis on problematic areas for daily diagnostic work including biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Kulka
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 93, 1091, Budapest, Hungary, E.U..
| | - Lilla Madaras
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 93, 1091, Budapest, Hungary, E.U
- Department of Pathology, Uzsoki Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Giuseppe Floris
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sigurd F Lax
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Graz II, Graz, Austria
- School of Medicine, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
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14
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Detailed Morphologic Evaluation of Breast Papillary Lesions on Core Biopsy Is Critical for Accurate Classification and Clinical Management: The Experience of an Academic Institute. Clin Breast Cancer 2021; 22:e552-e557. [PMID: 34998709 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distinguishing between a breast intraductal papilloma and a papillary lesion with atypia or malignancy can be very challenging on core biopsy. There has been a long ongoing debate over whether or not it is necessary for breast papillary lesions diagnosed on core biopsies to be surgically excised, and the upgrading rate after excision varies. METHOD AND/OR RESULT This study was carried out in a subspecialized academic pathology department, with well-formed criteria established among the faculty for the categorization of breast papillary lesions, with emphasis on the morphology evaluation of cellular features. A total of 320 breast core biopsies with follow-up excisions were identified. Of these, 286 cases had concordant results between the biopsy and excision, giving a concordance rate of 89.4%, with 98% concordance (143/146) in benign papilloma, 100% (111/111) in papillary carcinoma, and 51% (32/63) in papilloma with atypia. Of the upgraded cases, two were upgraded from benign to atypical, 11 from atypia to malignancy, and only one from benign to malignant. The overall average upgrading rate was 4.4% (14/320), with the critical upgrading (from benign to atypia or malignancy) rate of 0.94% (3/320). Downgrading was only identified in the group of papilloma with atypia, with 20 of 63 cases downgraded to benign papilloma on excision. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that surgical excision may not be necessary for all papillary lesions after detailed evaluation of the morphology on core biopsies. Assessing the morphological features of the epithelial cells is critical for the accurate classification and clinical management of papillary lesions.
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15
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Liang A, Baraban E, Myers KS, Mullen LA, Panigrahi B, Oluyemi E, Cimino-Mathews A, Ambinder EB. Developing Asymmetries without Sonographic Correlate at Digital Breast Tomosynthesis. Radiology 2021; 302:525-532. [PMID: 34874203 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.210527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) has improved the accuracy of mammography, including resolving many breast asymmetries as overlapping breast tissue. The pathologic outcomes of persistent developing asymmetries visualized at DBT are not well established. Purpose To characterize the outcomes and the predictors of malignancy for developing asymmetries visualized at DBT without a sonographic correlate. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included all tomosynthesis-guided biopsies of developing asymmetries performed at a single institution from May 2017 through January 2020. A reader study including three breast imaging radiologists determined interrater agreement and inclusion into the study. Electronic medical records were used to extract patient characteristics, imaging characteristics, and pathologic diagnoses. The Wilcoxon rank sum test, Fisher exact test, and χ2 test were used to analyze correlations of patient and imaging characteristics with likelihood of malignancy. Results The reader study included 95 DBT examinations with moderate interrater reliability (Fleiss κ = 0.45). There was majority reader agreement in 85 of the 95 DBT examinations (89%) of 83 women (median age, 56 years; interquartile range, 47-69 years), and this finalized the study data set. At pathologic examination, most asymmetries (68 of 85, 80%) were benign, with common diagnoses being fibrocystic change (n = 20), stromal fibrosis (n = 10), and fat necrosis (n = 10). The overall malignancy rate was 20% (17 of 85 asymmetries; 95% CI: 12, 29); 15 of the 17 malignancies (88%) were invasive cancers. Malignancies were more common in women with a personal history of breast cancer (35% vs 10%, P = .02). Conclusion In 85 developing asymmetries visualized at digital breast tomosynthesis without a sonographic correlate, there was a 20% (95% CI: 12, 29) malignancy rate, which was higher than the rates of malignancy for a developing asymmetry detected at digital mammography. © RSNA, 2021 See also the editorial by Skaane in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Liang
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (A.L., K.S.M., L.A.M., B.P., E.O., E.B.A.), Department of Pathology (E.B., A.C.M.), and Department of Oncology (A.C.M.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 601 N Caroline St, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Ezra Baraban
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (A.L., K.S.M., L.A.M., B.P., E.O., E.B.A.), Department of Pathology (E.B., A.C.M.), and Department of Oncology (A.C.M.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 601 N Caroline St, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Kelly S Myers
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (A.L., K.S.M., L.A.M., B.P., E.O., E.B.A.), Department of Pathology (E.B., A.C.M.), and Department of Oncology (A.C.M.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 601 N Caroline St, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Lisa A Mullen
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (A.L., K.S.M., L.A.M., B.P., E.O., E.B.A.), Department of Pathology (E.B., A.C.M.), and Department of Oncology (A.C.M.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 601 N Caroline St, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Babita Panigrahi
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (A.L., K.S.M., L.A.M., B.P., E.O., E.B.A.), Department of Pathology (E.B., A.C.M.), and Department of Oncology (A.C.M.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 601 N Caroline St, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Eniola Oluyemi
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (A.L., K.S.M., L.A.M., B.P., E.O., E.B.A.), Department of Pathology (E.B., A.C.M.), and Department of Oncology (A.C.M.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 601 N Caroline St, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Ashley Cimino-Mathews
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (A.L., K.S.M., L.A.M., B.P., E.O., E.B.A.), Department of Pathology (E.B., A.C.M.), and Department of Oncology (A.C.M.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 601 N Caroline St, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Emily B Ambinder
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (A.L., K.S.M., L.A.M., B.P., E.O., E.B.A.), Department of Pathology (E.B., A.C.M.), and Department of Oncology (A.C.M.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 601 N Caroline St, Baltimore, MD 21287
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Alberty‐Oller JJ, Reyes S, Moshier E, Ru M, Weltz S, Santos A, Pisapati K, Port E, Jaffer S. Does previous history of cancer or atypia predict histologic upgrade for pure intraductal papillomas diagnosed via core biopsy? A study of 490 cases at a single institution. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2021; 5:e1481. [PMID: 34729946 PMCID: PMC8955065 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Management of pure intraductal papillomas (IDP) without atypia diagnosed on core needle biopsy (CNB) remains controversial given highly variable rates of upgrade in the literature. AIM We sought to identify clinical and histologic factors that predict upgrade to atypia or malignancy in a large population. METHODS AND RESULTS A retrospective review was performed of all cases of pure IDP diagnosed on CNB and then surgically excised at a single institution from 2008 to 2018. Clinical, radiologic, and pathologic factors were compared in the no upgrade, upgrade to atypia, or upgrade to cancer groups. Univariate analysis was performed comparing no upgrade and upgrade to cancer or atypia. Four hundred and thirty nine patients were identified with a total of 490 IDP and a median age of 50 years (range 16-85). Of these patients, 54 (12.3%) were upgraded to atypia after surgical excision and five (1.1%) were upgraded to cancer. The presence of multiple papillomas in a single patient was a significant predictor of upgrade to cancer or atypia (p < .01), as well as age over ≥55 years (p < .01) and a prior history of cancer (p < .01). No other clinical, radiologic and histologic factors were found to be significant predictors of upgrade. 40/439 (9.1%) patients in the total cohort had prior history of cancer, and of these, 2/40 (5%) were found to have a new cancer after excision. CONCLUSIONS In patients with pure IDP on CNB, the upgrade rate to malignancy was 1.1%, while 12.3% were upgraded to atypia. The clinical significance of identifying atypia in a papilloma is unknown, especially in a patient with a prior history of atypia or cancer. However, the majority of patients who were upgraded to either atypia or cancer had no prior history of high-risk or malignant breast disease and are therefore considered true clinical upgrades. As such excision for IDP should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Jaime Alberty‐Oller
- Mount Sinai HospitalDubin Breast Center of the Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Sylvia Reyes
- Mount Sinai HospitalDubin Breast Center of the Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Erin Moshier
- Mount Sinai HospitalDubin Breast Center of the Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Meng Ru
- Mount Sinai HospitalDubin Breast Center of the Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Sarah Weltz
- Mount Sinai HospitalDubin Breast Center of the Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Antonio Santos
- Mount Sinai HospitalDubin Breast Center of the Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Kereeti Pisapati
- Mount Sinai HospitalDubin Breast Center of the Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Elisa Port
- Mount Sinai HospitalDubin Breast Center of the Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Shabnam Jaffer
- Mount Sinai HospitalDubin Breast Center of the Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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Abbassi-Rahbar S, Sack S, Larson KE, Wagner JL, Kilgore LJ, Balanoff CR, Winblad OD, Amin AL. Multidisciplinary Review of Intraductal Papilloma of the Breast can Identify Patients who may Omit Surgical Excision. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 28:5768-5774. [PMID: 34338925 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-10520-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to define contemporary management recommendations regarding who would benefit from surgical excision of intraductal papilloma (IDP). METHODS A prospective database from a single institution identified patients with IDP on percutaneous biopsy from February 2015 to September 2020. Categorical patient demographic, biopsy, and pathologic variables were analyzed using Fisher's exact test and continuous demographic and imaging variables using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS IDP was present in 416 biopsies, at a median age of 56 years. The median size was 0.9 cm, and the majority had greater than 50% of the target excised by biopsy. Surgical excision was performed for 124 of 416 biopsies (29.8%). Upgrade to malignancy was identified in 14 (11.3%): 8 to ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and 6 to invasive cancer. Upgrade was significantly associated with concurrent ipsilateral breast cancer (p = 0.027), larger imaging size (p = 0.045), <50% excised with biopsy (p = 0.02), and atypia involving IDP (p = 0.045). Age, clinical presentation, and concurrent contralateral cancer were not significantly associated with upgrade. Lowest upgrade risk (0%) was in pure IDP ≤1 cm with >50% removed by biopsy. Of 401 biopsies that either did not upgrade or undergo excision, 7 (1.7%) developed subsequent breast cancer over a median follow-up of 23.5 months (interquartile range [IQR] 11,41), none at IDP site. CONCLUSIONS After multidisciplinary review, the management of IDP can be stratified into low- and high-risk for upgrade groups using key criteria. Low-risk group may omit surgical excision, because those patients have 0% risk of upgrade over the limited short-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen Sack
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Kelsey E Larson
- Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Jamie L Wagner
- Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Lyndsey J Kilgore
- Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Christa R Balanoff
- Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Onalisa D Winblad
- Department of Radiology, The University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Amanda L Amin
- Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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18
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Zhang X, Liu W, Hai T, Li F. Upgrade Rate and Predictive Factors for Breast Benign Intraductal Papilloma Diagnosed at Biopsy: A Meta-Analysis. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 28:8643-8650. [PMID: 34331160 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-10188-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current standard management for intraductal papilloma (IDP) diagnosed at biopsy indicates complete surgical resection, but there are increasing controversies over whether and when routine excision is indeed necessary. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the carcinoma upgrade rate and identify the associated predictive factors for IDP diagnosed at biopsy by meta-analysis. METHODS We searched the PubMed and EMBASE databases for studies published from 2009 to 2020 that investigated the upgrade rate and predictive factors of IDP diagnosed at biopsy. RESULTS A total of 7016 IDP cases diagnosed at biopsy and histologically examined after surgical excision were pooled from 44 original studies. The pooled prevalence of IDP in breast biopsy findings was 4.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.4-4.7%] and the majority of IDP tumors were benign. The pooled upgrade rates to carcinoma for benign IDP and atypical IDP were 5.0% (95% CI 4.4-5.5%) and 36.0% (95% CI 32.7-39.2%), respectively. In addition, we identified 10 predictive upgrade factors for benign IDP, including Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 5, BI-RADS 4C, mass and calcification in the mammographic finding, bloody nipple discharge, imaging-histological discordance, peripheral IDP, palpable mass, BI-RADS 4B, microcalcification, and lesion size ≥ 1 cm. The upgrade rates associated with these predictive factors ranged from 7.3 to 31.1%. CONCLUSION Surgical excision appears a reasonable recommendation for atypical IDP. Patients with benign IDP exhibiting one or more predictive factors might benefit from surgical excision, while patients with asymptomatic benign IDP without these predictive factors can be managed by imaging surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqing Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Hai
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Tomosynthesis-Guided Vacuum-Assisted Breast Biopsy of Architectural Distortion Without a Sonographic Correlate: A Retrospective Review. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2021; 217:845-854. [PMID: 33147055 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.20.24740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND. Digital breast tomosynthesis-guided vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (DBT VAB) allows biopsy of findings seen better or exclusively on digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), including architectural distortion. Although architectural distortion with an associated sonographic mass correlate has a high risk of malignancy, limited data describe the radiologic-pathologic correlation of tomosynthesis-detected architectural distortion without a sonographic correlate. OBJECTIVE. This study evaluates the malignancy rate of architectural distortions without a sonographic correlate that undergo DBT VAB and provides radiologic-pathologic correlation for benign, high-risk, and malignant entities that are associated with architectural distortion. METHODS. We retrospectively reviewed imaging, as well as pathology slides and/or reports, for DBT VABs performed for architectural distortion without a sonographic correlate at a single institution between June 1, 2017, and January 15, 2020. According to the correlative histopathology, cases were categorized as benign, high risk, or malignant, and specific histopathologic diagnoses were summarized. RESULTS. During the study period, 142 patients (mean age, 59 years) underwent DBT VAB for 151 unique architectural distortions without a sonographic correlate. DBT VAB revealed a malignant diagnosis in 27 (18%), a high-risk lesion in 50 (33%), and a benign diagnosis in 74 (49%). Two cases of atypical ductal hyperplasia were upgraded to malignancy, resulting in a final malignancy rate of 19% (n = 29/151). Most malignant lesions were invasive carcinomas (83%, n = 24/29); most invasive carcinomas were of lobular subtype (54%, n = 13/24). Most high-risk lesions were radial scars/complex sclerosing lesions (62%, n = 31/50). Most benign results represented fibrocystic change (66%, n = 49/74). A subset (11%, n = 8/74) of benign results were considered discordant and subsequently excised, with none representing malignancy. CONCLUSION. The final malignancy rate of 19% in architectural distortion without a sonographic correlate justifies a recommendation for biopsy using DBT VAB. CLINICAL IMPACT. Our results highlight the utility of DBT VAB in the era of DBT. The detailed radiologic-pathologic correlations will assist radiologists in assessing concordance when performing DBT VAB for architectural distortions and provide a reference for future patient management.
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Uğur Kılınç AN, Bayramoğlu Z, Ünlü Y, Baran N, Altunkeser A, Aksoy N, Eryılmaz MA, Öztürk Yıldırım EN. Results of Excision of Unknown Papillary Neoplasms Detected on Core Biopsy. Eur J Breast Health 2021; 17:258-264. [PMID: 34263154 DOI: 10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2021.6101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to find out valuable parameters that predict the nature of breast papillary lesions before excision, and we compared our results with those in the literature. Materials and Methods We reviewed the medical records and pathology slides of patients diagnosed with papillary neoplasm after undergoing a core-needle biopsy between 2010 and 2020, who, subsequently, underwent surgical excision in a single tertiary care institution. The core biopsy results and pathology results of excision materials were compared with the radiological, pathological, and demographic findings. Results A total of 51 patients were included in the study. According to the excision results, the patients were divided into two groups: the atypical group, which included 20 patients (39.3%), and the benign group, which included 31 patients (61.7%). The results of the core biopsy showed that the loss of myoepithelial cell layer was identified in 18 patients in the atypical group, while it was present in all patients in the benign group. Tumor sizes were larger and patient ages were older in the atypical group compared with the benign group. No significant difference was found between atypical and benign groups in terms of breast imaging-reporting and data system (BI-RADS) classification and location (right vs left; central vs peripheral). The upgrade rate was between 0% and 16% in literature, while it was 4% in our study. Conclusion There is no consensus on whether patients diagnosed with papillary neoplasia as a result of core biopsy will undergo excision. According to our results, patients with following criteria should have their lesions excised: those who are advanced in age, those who are diagnosed with a papillary lesion as a result of core biopsies with loss of myoepithelial cell layer, and those who are diagnosed with large-sized lesions without loss of myoepithelial cell layer. Patients diagnosed with small-sized lesions without loss of myoepithelial cell layer and who are young in age are to be followed up without the need for lesion excision. The lesions should be adequately sampled.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeynep Bayramoğlu
- Department of Pathology, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Yaşar Ünlü
- Department of Pathology, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Nahide Baran
- Department of Radiology, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Altunkeser
- Department of Radiology, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Nergis Aksoy
- Department of General Surgery, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ali Eryılmaz
- Department of General Surgery, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey
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21
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Papillary neoplasms of the breast-reviewing the spectrum. Mod Pathol 2021; 34:1044-1061. [PMID: 33462367 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-020-00732-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Papillary neoplasms of the breast encompass a wide range of tumor types ranging from the benign intraductal papilloma to in situ and invasive papillary carcinomas. In this review, we considered each tumor entity listed under the Papillary Neoplasms category in the latest WHO Classification of Breast Tumors (5th edition), namely intraductal papilloma, papillary ductal carcinoma in situ, encapsulated papillary carcinoma, solid-papillary carcinoma, and invasive papillary carcinoma. We examined their pathological features, current issues pertaining to diagnosis and prognostication, as well as the latest molecular findings. We also briefly addressed adenomyoepithelioma and the newly included tall cell carcinoma with reversed polarity, highlighting areas where they overlap with papillary neoplasms.
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22
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Analysis of 612 Benign Papillomas Diagnosed At Core Biopsy: Rate of Upgrade to Malignancy, Factors Associated with Upgrade, and A Proposal For Selective Surgical Excision. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2021; 217:1299-1311. [PMID: 34008998 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.21.25832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Despite numerous published studies, management of benign papillomas without atypia remains controversial. Objective: To determine the malignancy upgrade rate of benign papillomas, identify risk factors for upgrade, and formulate criteria for selective surgery. Methods: This retrospective study included benign papillomas without atypia diagnosed on percutaneous biopsy between 12/01/2000 and 12/31/2019. Papillomas that did not undergo surgical excision or at least 2 years of imaging and/or clinical follow-up were excluded. Clinical, imaging, and histopathologic features were extracted from the electronic medical record. Features associated with upgrade to malignancy were identified. Multivariable logistic regression was performed. Results: The study included 612 benign papillomas in 543 women (mean age 54.5 ± 12.1 years); 466 papillomas were excised, and 146 underwent imaging/clinical surveillance. The upgrade rate to malignancy was 2.3% (14/612). Upgrade rate was associated (p<.05) with radiology-pathology correlation (50.0% if discordant vs 2.1% if concordant), patient age (5.6% for age ≥60 vs 0.7% for age <60), presenting symptoms (6.7% if palpable mass or pathologic nipple discharge vs 1.3% if no symptoms), and lesion size (7.3% if ≥10 mm vs 0.6% if <10 mm). Three of 14 upgraded papillomas were associated with ≥4 metachronous or concurrent peripheral papillomas. No incidental papilloma or papilloma reported as completely excised on core biopsy histopathologic analysis was upgraded. A predictive model combining radiology-pathology discordance, symptoms (palpable mass or nipple discharge), age ≥60, size ≥10 mm, and presence of ≥4 metachronous or concurrent peripheral papillomas achieved AUC 0.91, sensitivity 79%, and specificity 89% for upgrade. Selective surgery based on presence of any of these five factors, while excluding from surgery incidental papillomas and papillomas reported as completely excised on histopathology, would spare 294 of 612 lesions from routine excision, while identifying all 14 upgraded lesions. Conclusion: Benign non-atypical papillomas have a low malignancy upgrade rate; routine surgical excision may not be necessary. Selective excision is recommended for lesions satisfying any of the 5 criteria. Incidental papillomas or papillomas completely excised on histopathology may undergo imaging follow-up. Clinical Impact: The proposed criteria for selective surgery of benign papillomas on core biopsy would reduce surgeries without delaying diagnosis of malignancy.
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23
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High-Risk Lesions Detected by MRI-Guided Core Biopsy: Upgrade Rates at Surgical Excision and Implications for Management. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2021; 216:622-632. [PMID: 33439046 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.20.23040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the upgrade rates of high-risk lesions (HRLs) diagnosed by MRI-guided core biopsy and to assess which clinical and imaging characteristics are predictive of upgrade to malignancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A retrospective review was performed of all women who presented to an academic breast radiology center for MRI-guided biopsy between January 1, 2015, and November 30, 2018. Histopathologic results from each biopsy were extracted. HRLs-that is, atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS), atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH), radial scar, papilloma, flat epithelial atypia (FEA), benign vascular lesion (BVL), and mucocelelike lesion-were included for analysis. Clinical history, imaging characteristics, surgical outcome, and follow-up data were recorded. Radiologic-pathologic correlation was performed. RESULTS. Of 810 MRI-guided biopsies, 189 cases (23.3%) met the inclusion criteria for HRLs. Of the 189 HRLs, 30 cases were excluded for the following reasons: 15 cases were lost to follow-up, six cases were in patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy after biopsy, two lesions that were not excised had less than 2 years of imaging follow-up, and seven lesions had radiologic-pathologic discordance at retrospective review. Of the 159 HRLs in our study cohort, 13 (8.2%) were upgraded to carcinoma. Surgical upgrade rates were high for ADH (22.5%, 9/40) and FEA (33.3%, 1/3); moderate for LCIS (6.3%, 3/48); and low for ALH (0.0%, 0/11), radial scar (0.0%, 0/28), papilloma (0.0%, 0/26), and BVL (0.0%, 0/3). Of the upgraded lesions, 69.2% (9/13) were upgraded to ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or well-differentiated carcinoma. ADH lesions were significantly more likely to be upgraded than non-ADH lesions (p = .005). CONCLUSION. ADH diagnosed by MRI-guided core biopsy warrants surgical excision. The other HRLs, however, may be candidates for imaging follow-up rather than excision, especially after meticulous radiologic-pathologic correlation.
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24
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Brogi E, Krystel-Whittemore M. Papillary neoplasms of the breast including upgrade rates and management of intraductal papilloma without atypia diagnosed at core needle biopsy. Mod Pathol 2021; 34:78-93. [PMID: 33106592 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-020-00706-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Papillary neoplasms of the breast are a heterogeneous group of epithelial tumors nearly entirely composed of papillae. Their classification rests on the characteristics of the epithelium and the presence and distribution of the myoepithelial cells along the papillae and around the tumor. Papillary neoplasms of the breast can be diagnostically challenging, especially if only core needle biopsy (CNB) material is available. This review summarizes salient morphological and immunohistochemical features, clinical presentation, and differential diagnoses of papillary neoplasms of the breast. We include a contemporary appraisal of the upgrade rate to carcinoma (invasive carcinoma and ductal carcinoma in situ [DCIS]) and atypical hyperplasias in surgical excision specimens obtained following CNB diagnosis of papilloma without atypia, and a review of the available follow-up data in cases without immediate surgical excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edi Brogi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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25
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Clauser P, Kapetas P, Stöttinger A, Bumberger A, Rudas M, Baltzer PAT. A risk stratification algorithm for lesions of uncertain malignant potential diagnosed by vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VABB) of mammographic microcalcifications. Eur J Radiol 2020; 135:109479. [PMID: 33370641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate a risk stratification strategy for lesions of uncertain malignant potential (B3) diagnosed by vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VABB) of mammographic microcalcifications. METHODS Patients who underwent VABB for microcalcification-only lesions with a diagnosis of B3 and subsequent surgery were included in this retrospective, IRB-approved study. Seventy-six B3-lesions (final histology: 66 benign, 10 malignant) were included (Tr). Data on B3 lesion type and presence of atypia, microcalcification characteristics (BI-RADS), removal at biopsy and concomitant lesions were collected. After univariate analysis (Chi-square test), data were combined into a risk stratification algorithm by using a ten-fold, cross-validated Classification and Regression Tree analysis (CRT). The algorithm was tested on a testing dataset (Te) of 23 B3-lesions (six malignant, 17 benign). RESULTS Malignancy was more frequent in women with a concomitant cancer (P < 0.001) and highly suspicious microcalcifications (P < 0.001). The CRT algorithm retained three characteristics: morphology; presence of atypia; presence of concomitant cancer. The algorithm identified 25/76 (32.9 %,Tr) and 6/23 (26.1 %,Te) lesions at low risk of malignancy. No malignant cases were identified at surgery (0/31). There were 3/76 (3.9 %,Tr) and 1/23 (4.3 %,Te) lesions assigned as high-risk by the algorithm and confirmed at surgery (4/4). In the remaining lesions (48/76, 63.1 %,Tr; 16/23, 69.6 %,Te), malignancy rates varied between 9% and 88.4 %; thus, surgery could not have been avoided. CONCLUSION We constructed and tested a risk stratification algorithm for B3 microcalcifications, including clinical, imaging, and pathological features, to assign probabilities of malignancy, which has the potential to reduce unnecessary surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Clauser
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, Austria
| | - Panagiotis Kapetas
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Stöttinger
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Bumberger
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margaretha Rudas
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pascal A T Baltzer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, Austria.
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26
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Nuñez DL, González FC, Ibargüengoitia MC, Fuentes Corona RE, Hernández Villegas AC, Zubiate ML, Vázquez Manjarrez SE, Ruiz Velasco CC. Papillary lesions of the breast: a review. BREAST CANCER MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.2217/bmt-2020-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary breast lesions are rare breast tumors that comprise a broad spectrum of diseases. Pathologically they present as mass-like projections attached to the wall of the ducts, supported by fibrovascular stalks lined by epithelial cells. On mammogram they appear as masses that can be associated with microcalcifications. Ultrasound is the most used imaging modality. On ultrasound papillary lesions appear as homogeneous solid lesions or complex intracystic lesions. A nonparallel orientation, an echogenic halo or posterior acoustic enhancement associated with microcalcifications are highly suggestive of malignancy. MRI has proven to be useful to establish the extent of the lesion. Core needle biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis. Surgical excision is usually recommended, although treatment for papillomas without atypia is still controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denny Lara Nuñez
- Department of Radiology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fernando Candanedo González
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mónica Chapa Ibargüengoitia
- Department of Radiology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Mariana Licano Zubiate
- Department of Radiology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos Casian Ruiz Velasco
- Department of Radiology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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27
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Lin LH, Ozerdem U, Cotzia P, Lee J, Chun J, Schnabel F, Darvishian F. Upgrade rate of intraductal papilloma diagnosed on core needle biopsy in a single institution. Hum Pathol 2020; 110:43-49. [PMID: 33159966 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The management of intraductal papilloma (IDP) diagnosed on core needle biopsy (CNB) is controversial due to the variable upgrade rates to breast carcinoma (BC) on subsequent surgical excision reported in the literature. The purpose of our study was to investigate the upgrade rate of IDP diagnosed on CNB to BC in subsequent surgical excision and the impact of clinical, pathologic, and radiologic variables. This is a retrospective cohort of all women who had a diagnosis of IDP on a CNB between 2005 and 2018 in a tertiary academic center with subsequent surgical excision. Upgrade was defined as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive carcinoma on surgical excision. Statistical analyses included Pearson's chi-square, Wilcoxon rank-sum, and logistic regression. A total of 216 women with IDP in a CNB were included. Nineteen patients (8.8%) upgraded to BC in the overall cohort, including 14 DCIS and 5 invasive carcinomas. An upgrade rate of 27% was found in atypical IDP (14 of 51 cases), while only 3% of pure IDP upgraded to BC (5 of 165 cases). Older age (>53 years) at the time of biopsy (odds ratio [OR] = 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01-1.09, p = 0.027) and concomitant atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) (OR = 9.69, 95% CI = 3.37-27.81, p < 0.0001) were significantly associated with upgrade. Our results support surgical excision of IDP on CNB when associated with ADH or diagnosed in women aged older than 53 years. The low surgical upgrade rate of 3% for pure IDP on CNB in younger women should be part of the management discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Hsu Lin
- New York University Langone Health, Department of Pathology, New York, NY, 10016, United States
| | - Ugur Ozerdem
- New York University Langone Health, Department of Pathology, New York, NY, 10016, United States
| | - Paolo Cotzia
- New York University Langone Health, Department of Pathology, New York, NY, 10016, United States
| | - Jiyon Lee
- New York University Langone Health, Department of Radiology, NYU Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10016, United States
| | - Jennifer Chun
- New York University Langone Health, Department of Surgery, Division of Breast Surgical Oncology, NYU Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10016, United States
| | - Freya Schnabel
- New York University Langone Health, Department of Surgery, Division of Breast Surgical Oncology, NYU Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10016, United States
| | - Farbod Darvishian
- New York University Langone Health, Department of Pathology, New York, NY, 10016, United States.
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28
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Nakhlis F, Baker GM, Pilewskie M, Gelman R, Calvillo KZ, Ludwig K, McAuliffe PF, Willey S, Rosenberger LH, Parker C, Gallagher K, Jacobs L, Feldman S, Lange P, DeSantis SD, Schnitt SJ, King TA. The Incidence of Adjacent Synchronous Invasive Carcinoma and/or Ductal Carcinoma In Situ in Patients with Intraductal Papilloma without Atypia on Core Biopsy: Results from a Prospective Multi-Institutional Registry (TBCRC 034). Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 28:2573-2578. [PMID: 33047246 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-09215-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Available retrospective data suggest the upgrade rate for intraductal papilloma (IP) without atypia on core biopsy (CB) ranges from 0 to 12%, leading to variation in recommendations. We conducted a prospective multi-institutional trial (TBCRC 034) to determine the upgrade rate to invasive cancer (IC) or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) at excision for asymptomatic IP without atypia on CB. METHODS Prospectively identified patients with a CB diagnosis of IP who had consented to excision were included. Discordant cases, including BI-RADS > 4, and those with additional lesions requiring excision were excluded. The primary endpoint was upgrade to IC or DCIS by local pathology review with a predefined rule that an upgrade rate of ≤ 3% would not warrant routine excision. Sample size and confidence intervals were based on exact binomial calculations. Secondary endpoints included diagnostic concordance for IP between local and central pathology review and upgrade rates by central pathology review. RESULTS The trial included116 patients (median age 56 years, range 24-82) and the most common imaging abnormality was a mass (n = 91, 78%). Per local review, 2 (1.7%) cases were upgraded to DCIS. In both of these cases central pathology review did not confirm DCIS on excision. Additionally, central pathology review confirmed IP without atypia in core biopsies of 85/116 cases (73%), and both locally upgraded cases were among them. CONCLUSION In this prospective study of 116 IPs without atypia on CB, the upgrade rate was 1.7% by local review, suggesting that routine excision is not indicated for IP without atypia on CB with concordant imaging findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faina Nakhlis
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Gabrielle M Baker
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melissa Pilewskie
- Breast Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Gelman
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katherina Z Calvillo
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Shawna Willey
- Georgetown University Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lisa Jacobs
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Paulina Lange
- Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen D DeSantis
- Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stuart J Schnitt
- Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tari A King
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
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29
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Polat DS, Schopp JG, Arjmandi F, Porembka J, Sarode V, Farr D, Xi Y, Dogan BE. Performance of a clinical and imaging-based multivariate model as decision support tool to help save unnecessary surgeries for high-risk breast lesions. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 185:479-494. [PMID: 33010022 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05947-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the performance of an imaging and biopsy parameters-based multivariate model in decreasing unnecessary surgeries for high-risk breast lesions. METHODS In an IRB-approved study, we retrospectively reviewed all high-risk lesions (HRL) identified at imaging-guided biopsy in our institution between July 1, 2014-July 1, 2017. Lesions were categorized high-risk-I (HR-I = atypical ductal hyperplasia, atypical lobular hyperplasia, lobular carcinoma in situ and atypical papillary lesion) and II (HR-II = Flat epithelial atypia, radial scar, benign papilloma). Patient risk factors, lesion features, detection and biopsy modality, excision and cancer upgrade rates were collected. Reference standard for upgrade was either excision or at least 2-year imaging follow-up. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to develop a multivariate model using HRL type, lesion and biopsy needle size for surgical cancer upgrade with performance assessed using ROC analysis. RESULTS Of 699 HRL in 652 patients, 525(75%) had reference standard available, and 48/525(9.1%) showed cancer at surgical excision. Excision (84.5% vs 51.1%) and upgrade (17.6%vs1.8%) rates were higher in HR-I compared to HR-II (p < 0.01). In HR-I, small needle size < 12G vs ≥ 12G [32.1% vs 13.2%, p < 0.01] and less cores [< 6 vs ≥ 6, 28.6%vs13.7%, p = 0.01] were significantly associated with higher cancer upgrades. Our multivariate model had an AUC = 0.87, saving 28.1% of benign surgeries with 100% sensitivity, based on HRL subtype, lesion size(mm, continuous), needle size (< 12G vs ≥ 12G) and biopsy modality (US vs MRI vs stereotactic) CONCLUSION: Our multivariate model using lesion size, needle size and patient age had a high diagnostic performance in decreasing unnecessary surgeries and shows promise as a decision support tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dogan S Polat
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Jennifer G Schopp
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Firouzeh Arjmandi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jessica Porembka
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Venetia Sarode
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Deborah Farr
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yin Xi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Basak E Dogan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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30
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Li X, Gao H, Xu M, Wu Y, Gao D. Breast papillary lesions diagnosed and treated using ultrasound-guided vacuum-assisted excision. BMC Surg 2020; 20:204. [PMID: 32933518 PMCID: PMC7493139 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-020-00869-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The management of papillary lesions of the breast remains controversial, and thus, we assessed the value of vacuum-assisted excision (VAE)-guided ultrasound in the diagnosis and treatment of breast papillary lesions. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the data of 108 patients with papillary lesions diagnosed using VAE between August 2014 and January 2019. Cases without postoperative breast imaging in the follow-up were excluded, and 85 cases were eligible for the study. The follow-up period ranged from 6 to 53 months, with 38 months on average. All the papillary lesions were located away from the skin or nipple with a size less than or equal to 30 mm, and the lesions categorized as C2-4b were completely excised using VAE. All VAEs were performed using an 8-gauge vacuum-assisted biopsy needle under the guidance of ultrasound using a 10 MHz linear probe. Results Most patients with breast papillary lesions were asymptomatic (56.5%), and when the size of the breast papillary lesion was more than 20 mm on ultrasound imaging, atypical hyperplasia may have been concomitant. Breast lesions might have been pathologically diagnosed as papilloma after biopsy when they were categorized as BI-RADS 4a on ultrasound images. The rate of underestimation was 7.7% in papillary lesions diagnosed with VAE, and the recurrence rate of papilloma after VAE was low. Conclusions Breast papilloma was a common lesion on ultrasonographic screening, and VAE was applicable for completely excising small papillomas, even papillomas with atypical hyperplasia, to obtain an accurate diagnosis with a low rate of underestimation and recurrence. We believe that papilloma diagnosed by VAE might not require immediate excision, and imaging follow-up may be safe for at least 3 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Li
- Nosocomial Infection Department, The Second Hospital, Shandong University Cheeloo College of Medicine, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Hua Gao
- Department of Thoracic and General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Chest Hospital, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Minling Xu
- Maternity and Child Care Center of DeZhou, DeZhou, 253015, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital, Shandong University Cheeloo College of Medicine, No. 247, Beiyuandajie Street, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Dezong Gao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital, Shandong University Cheeloo College of Medicine, No. 247, Beiyuandajie Street, Jinan, 250033, China.
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31
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He H, Whitman GJ, Moseley T. ASO Author Reflections: Management of Benign Breast Intraductal Papillomas Without Atypia Diagnosed at Imaging-Guided Biopsies. Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 28:1356-1357. [PMID: 32901314 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-09118-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongying He
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Gary J Whitman
- Division of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tanya Moseley
- Division of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Moseley T, Desai B, Whitman GJ, Robinson EK, Saunders T, Gonzalez A, He H. Benign Breast Intraductal Papillomas Without Atypia at Core Needle Biopsies: Is Surgical Excision Necessary? Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 28:1347-1355. [PMID: 32860176 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-09061-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the upgrade rate of image-guided core needle biopsy (CNB)-proven benign breast intraductal papillomas (IDPs) without atypia to high-risk benign lesions or malignancy after surgical excision. METHODS A retrospective database search at a single institution identified 102 adult female patients with benign breast IDPs without atypia diagnosed on imaging-guided CNBs who subsequently had surgical excisions between 2011 and 2016. Patient characteristics, imaging features, biopsy techniques, and the pathology reports from imaging-guided CNBs and subsequent surgical excisions were reviewed. The upgrade rate to malignancies or high-risk benign lesions was determined at the patient level. RESULTS The upgrade rate to malignancy was 2.9% (3/102), including two cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and one case of microinvasive (< 1 mm) ductal carcinoma arising from DCIS. The upgrade rate to high-risk benign lesions was 7.8% (8/102), with seven cases of atypical ductal hyperplasia and one case of atypical lobular hyperplasia. A personal history of breast cancer and a larger mean lesion size were significantly associated with an upgrade to malignancy (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The management of benign breast IDPs without atypia detected on imaging-guided CNBs is controversial. Our results suggest risk stratification is important in approaching these patients. Although surgical excision should be considered for all benign breast IDPs without atypia, observation with serial imaging may be appropriate in selected low-risk patients. This approach will save many women from surgeries and decrease the cost of medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Moseley
- Breast Imaging Section, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bella Desai
- Breast Imaging Section, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 2.130B, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Gary J Whitman
- Breast Imaging Section, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Emily K Robinson
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tamara Saunders
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anneliese Gonzalez
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hongying He
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 2.130B, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Polat DS, Knippa EE, Ganti R, Seiler SJ, Goudreau SH. Benign breast papillomas without atypia diagnosed with core needle biopsy: Outcome of surgical excision and imaging follow-up. Eur J Radiol 2020; 131:109237. [PMID: 32905954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the surgical upgrade rate to malignancy and high-risk lesions in cases of papilloma without atypia diagnosed with imaging-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy (CNB) and to determine whether any lesion imaging features, biopsy techniques, and pathological factors can predict lesion upgrade to help guide clinical management. MATERIALS AND METHODS Benign papillomas without atypia (n = 399) diagnosed with CNB were retrospectively reviewed. The surgical upgrade rate to malignancy or high-risk lesion (atypical ductal hyperplasia, atypical lobular hyperplasia, lobular carcinoma in-situ, flat epithelial atypia and atypical papilloma) was determined. Detection modality (i.e. mammography, ultrasonography (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)), lesion type and size, biopsy-guidance modality (US, stereotactic, MRI), biopsy needle size (<14 G vs ≥14 G), use of vacuum assistance, and presenting symptoms were statistically analyzed. The reference standard for evaluation of upgrade was either excision or at least 24 months of imaging follow-up. Chi Square test and Fisher exact tests were performed for categorical variables, and the Mann-Whitney-U test was used for continuous variables. RESULTS Ultrasound was the predominant biopsy modality (78.4 %, p < 0.001). Of the 399 benign papilloma lesions in 329 women, 239 (59.9 %) were excised and 93 others were followed for at least 24 months (total of 332). Of these 332 lesions, 7 (2.1 %) were upgraded to ductal carcinoma in-situ and 41 (12.3 %) to high-risk lesions at excision. Larger lesion size (≥15 mm, p = 0.009), smaller biopsy needle size (≥14 G, p = 0.027), and use of spring-loaded biopsy device (p = 0.012) were significantly associated with upgrade to atypia. Only lesion size (≥15 mm, p = 0.02) was associated with upgrade to cancer. CONCLUSION Upgrade to malignancy of biopsy-proven benign papillomas without atypia at the time of surgery was sufficiently low (2.1 %) to support non-operative management. Surgery may be performed for selected cases- those with larger lesion size and those whose biopsies were performed with smaller spring-loaded biopsy needles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dogan S Polat
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.
| | - Emily E Knippa
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.
| | - Ramapriya Ganti
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, United States.
| | - Stephen J Seiler
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.
| | - Sally H Goudreau
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.
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Shen L, Ye Y, Liu X, Li W, Wei J, Ke Z, Yang S, Yang Z. Risk factors of breast intraductal lesions in patients without pathological nipple discharge. Mol Clin Oncol 2020; 13:38. [PMID: 32832081 PMCID: PMC7439132 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2020.2108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of breast cancer arises from the ductal epithelium. It is crucial in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer by detecting intraductal lesions at an early stage. The typical clinical characteristic of intraductal lesions is pathological nipple discharge (PND), although many patients with intraductal lesions do not exhibit PND. It is a serious challenge for clinicians to detect patients with intraductal lesions without PND at an early stage. The aim of the present study was to investigate the risk factors associated with intraductal lesions in patients without PND. This retrospective database review, conducted between April 2016 and April 2017, included 370 lesions from 255 patients with intraductal lesions (intraductal papilloma, atypical intraductal hyperplasia, intraductal carcinoma in situ) and non-intraductal lesions (fibroadenoma, adenosis, cysts, lobular carcinoma in situ), diagnosed through surgical pathology. The patients were divided into two groups based on pathological diagnosis and clinical parameters were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses. Univariate analysis revealed that 9 of 14 factors were statistically significant. Five factors were identified to be associated risk factors in patients without PND through the multivariate logistic regression analysis: Age between 35 and 49 years and age ≥50 years [odds ratio (OR)=4.749, 95% confidence interval (CI)=2.371-9.513, P<0.001; OR=2.587, 95% CI=2.587-14.891, P<0.001; respectively], non-menstrual breast pain (OR=1.922, 95% CI=1.037-3.564, P=0.038), breast duct dilatation as seen using ultrasonography (OR=9.455, 95% CI=3.194-27.987, P<0.001), lesion distance from nipple ≤2 cm (OR=2.747, 95% CI=1.668-4.526, P<0.001) and lesion size ≤1 cm (OR=1.903, 95% CI=1.155-3.136, P=0.012). In conclusion, for patients without PND but with risk factors, such as the patient being >35 years, with non-menstrual breast pain, breast duct ectasia, lesion distance from nipple ≤2 cm and lesion size ≤1 cm as seen using ultrasonography, clinicians should be highly concerned about the possibility of intraductal lesions, in order to prevent misdiagnosis and reduce the misdiagnosis rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leihua Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Yuqin Ye
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Science and Education, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Emergency Center, the First Hospital of Yulin, Yulin, Shaanxi 719000, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Wei
- Department of Pathology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Zirui Ke
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Shaojuan Yang
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoying Yang
- Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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Ma Z, Arciero CA, Styblo TM, Wang H, Cohen MA, Li X. Patients with benign papilloma diagnosed on core biopsies and concordant pathology-radiology findings can be followed: experiences from multi-specialty high-risk breast lesion conferences in an academic center. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 183:577-584. [PMID: 32705378 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05803-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine whether patients with benign papilloma diagnosed on core biopsy can be spared from surgery. METHODS We prospectively reviewed 150 consecutive core biopsy-diagnosed papilloma cases at a multi-specialty high-risk breast lesion conference to determine whether surgical excision was necessary. Of these 150 cases, 148 had concordant radiologic-pathologic features. Six were excluded due to lack of the first imaging follow-up until analysis. 112 were benign papillomas; 17 were papillomas involved by atypical ductal hyperplasia (atypical papilloma); 6 papillomas had ADH in adjacent tissue but not involving the papilloma; 2 papillomas were involved by atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH); and 5 papillomas had ALH in adjacent tissue. Two were radiology-pathology (rad-path) discordant. RESULTS Thirty-nine of the 112 benign papillomas were excised with no upgrade to carcinoma; 73 were followed with no disease progression during follow-up (185-1279 days). Fifteen of 17 atypical papillomas were surgically excised with 4 (26.7%) upgraded to carcinoma. Four of the 6 patients with ADH adjacent to a benign papilloma underwent excision with 2 upgrades to carcinoma. None of the patients with papilloma, which was either involved by ALH or had ALH in adjacent tissue had upgrade or disease progression during follow-up (204-1159 days). Finally, the two cases with discordant path-rad discordant were excised with no upgrade. CONCLUSIONS Our data confirm that rad-path concordant benign papillomas diagnosed on core biopsy do not require surgery. It also supports the value of a formal multi-specialty review of all benign papilloma cases to create a consensus management plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongliang Ma
- Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | | | | | - Haibo Wang
- Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Michael A Cohen
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Xiaoxian Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Genco IS, Tugertimur B, Manolas PA, Hasanovic A, Hajiyeva S. Upgrade rate of intraductal papilloma without atypia on breast core needle biopsy: A clinical, radiological and pathological correlation study. Am J Surg 2020; 220:677-681. [PMID: 32007236 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to determine the upgrade rate on excision of intraductal papilloma (IDP) without atypia diagnosed on breast core needle biopsy (CNB). METHODS We searched our pathology department database for breast CNB with a diagnosis of IDP from 2013 to 2018. The exclusion criteria included radiologic-pathologic discordance, atypia on the same CNB, absence of histologic slides to review or absence of excision information. Upgrade was defined as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive cancer identified on excision. RESULTS 126 IDP without atypia cases from 94 patients were identified. The upgrade rate was 1.58% (2/126). Both upgrade cases showed DCIS with low and intermediate nuclear grade. Histologic size of IDP ≥1 cm was the only statistically significant predictor factor for an upgrade on excision. CONCLUSION The results suggest that non-surgical management of patients with radiologic-pathologic concordant IDP without atypia diagnosed on CNB may be appropriate in routine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iskender Sinan Genco
- Northwell Health Lenox Hill Hospital, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 100 E 77th street, New York, NY, 10075, USA.
| | - Bugra Tugertimur
- Northwell Health Lenox Hill Hospital, Department of Surgery, 100 E 77th street, New York, NY, 10075, USA
| | - Panagiotis A Manolas
- Northwell Health Lenox Hill Hospital, Department of Surgery, 100 E 77th street, New York, NY, 10075, USA
| | - Adnan Hasanovic
- Northwell Health Lenox Hill Hospital, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 100 E 77th street, New York, NY, 10075, USA
| | - Sabina Hajiyeva
- Northwell Health Lenox Hill Hospital, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 100 E 77th street, New York, NY, 10075, USA
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Okamoto S, Chen ST, Covelli JD, DeMartini WB, Daniel BL, Ikeda DM. High-risk lesions diagnosed at MRI-guided vacuum-assisted breast biopsy: imaging characteristics, outcome of surgical excision or imaging follow-up. Breast Cancer 2019; 27:405-414. [PMID: 31838725 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-019-01032-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate imaging characteristics, outcome of surgical excision or imaging follow-up on high-risk lesions diagnosed at MRI-guided vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (MRI-VABB). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 598 lesions undergoing 9-gauge MRI-VABB from January 2015 to April 2018 to identify high risk breast lesions. We collected patient demographics, breast MRI BI-RADS descriptors, histopathological diagnosis at MRI-VABB and surgical excision, frequency of upgrade to malignancy and imaging follow-up of high-risk lesions. The x2 test and Fisher exact tests were performed for univariate analysis. RESULTS 114 patients with 124/598 findings (20.7%) had high-risk lesions at MRI-VABB, including atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) (21/124, 16.9%), lobular neoplasia (40/124, 32.3%), radial scar/complex sclerosing lesion (RS/CSL) (13/124, 10.5%), papillary lesions (49/124, 39.5%), and flat epithelial atypia (FEA) (1/124, 0.8%). 84/124 (67.7%) high-risk lesions were excised. 19/84 (22.6%) were upgraded to malignancy (7 invasive cancer, 12 DCIS). The upgrade rate for ADH and lobular neoplasia was 7/18 (38.9%) and 9/31 (29.0%), respectively. The upgrade rate for RS/CSL was 1/10 (10%). Of the 25 papillary lesions excised, 2 (8%) demonstrated pathologic atypia and were upgraded to DCIS. The other 23 papillary lesions had no upgrade or atypia. Excised high-risk lesions showing upgrade varied from 0.4 to 6 cm in length (mean 1.6 cm). There was a non-significant trend (p = 0.054) between larger lesion and upgrade to malignancy; however, there were no other specific imaging features to predict malignancy upgrade. CONCLUSIONS There were no specific MRI imaging characteristics of high-risk lesions to predict malignancy upgrade. Therefore, surgical excision is recommended for high-risk lesions, especially ADH or lobular neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Okamoto
- Department of Radiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan.
| | - Shu-Tian Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - James D Covelli
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wendy B DeMartini
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bruce L Daniel
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Debra M Ikeda
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Li X, Aho M, Newell MS, Clifford K, Patel JG, Jou S, Cohen MA. Papilloma diagnosed on core biopsies has a low upgrade rate. Clin Imaging 2019; 60:67-74. [PMID: 31864203 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Surgical excision of benign intraductal papillomas (IDP) diagnosed on core needle biopsy (CNB) remains controversial. OBJECTIVE To examine the upgrade rate of IDPs diagnosed at core needle biopsy to carcinoma at surgical excision. DESIGN We identified 188 consecutive IDPs diagnosed at CNB from 2011 to 2016 with subsequent surgical excision. Radiologic, clinical, and histologic features were evaluated and correlated with upgrade rate at surgical excision. RESULTS Two of the 188 IDPs (1.1%) were upgraded to ductal carcinoma in situ or invasive carcinoma at excision. Features associated with upgrade rate include patient age (P = .03), largest size of papilloma on a single core at CNB (P = .04), and the presence of additional masses noted at ultrasound (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated a low 1.1% upgrade rate of surgically excised benign, concordant papillomas with no atypia or concurrent ipsilateral malignancy originally diagnosed on core biopsy. This data suggests that observation may be appropriate for radiologic-pathologic concordant benign IDPs diagnosed at CNB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxian Li
- Department of Pathology, Emory Healthcare, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael Aho
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory Healthcare, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Mary S Newell
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory Healthcare, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kelly Clifford
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory Healthcare, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jay G Patel
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory Healthcare, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Michael A Cohen
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory Healthcare, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Genco IS, Tugertimur B, Chang Q, Cassell L, Hajiyeva S. Outcomes of classic lobular neoplasia diagnosed on breast core needle biopsy: a retrospective multi-center study. Virchows Arch 2019; 476:209-217. [PMID: 31776645 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-019-02685-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Management of classic lobular neoplasia (cLN) diagnosed on core needle biopsy (CNB) is controversial. Our aim in this study was to review cases of cLN diagnosed on CNB to determine the rate and risk factors of an upgrade to ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive carcinoma on excision. All breast CNBs with a diagnosis of atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH) or classic lobular carcinoma in situ (cLCIS) from three different institutions within a single health care system between 2013 and 2018 were retrieved. Cases with any additional high-risk lesions in the same CNB or discordant radiological-pathological correlation were excluded. Information about age, personal history of prior or concurrent breast cancer (P/CBC), and radiological and histological findings were recorded. A total of 287 cLN cases underwent surgical excision. Analysis of these 287 cLN cases showed 11 (3.8%) upgrade lesions on excision. Among the 172 ALH cases, there were 3 (1.7%) upgrades, which were all invasive lobular carcinomas (ILCs). On the other hand, 8 of 115 (7%) cLCIS cases revealed upgrade on excision (2 ILC, 5 DCIS. and 1 ILC + DCIS). Statistical analysis revealed that cLN cases with P/CBC, radiological asymmetry, or architectural distortion had a statistically significant higher upgrade rate on excision. Our findings revealed a low upgrade rate (3.8%) on the excision of classic lobular neoplasia diagnosed on breast core needle biopsy. Clinicoradiological surveillance can be appropriate when lobular neoplasia is identified on core biopsy with pathological radiological concordance in patients without a history of breast cancer, with the caveat that radiological asymmetry and architectural distortion are associated with a significant increase in an upgrade on excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iskender Sinan Genco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Northwell Health Lenox Hill Hospital,, 100 E 77th Street, New York, NY, 10075, USA.
| | - Bugra Tugertimur
- Department of Surgery, Northwell Health Lenox Hill Hospital,, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Pathology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Lauren Cassell
- Department of Surgery, Northwell Health Lenox Hill Hospital,, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sabina Hajiyeva
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Northwell Health Lenox Hill Hospital,, 100 E 77th Street, New York, NY, 10075, USA
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Moynihan A, Quinn EM, Smith CS, Stokes M, Kell M, Barry JM, Walsh SM. Benign breast papilloma: Is surgical excision necessary? Breast J 2019; 26:705-710. [DOI: 10.1111/tbj.13642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Moynihan
- Department of Breast Surgery Breast Health Unit Mater Misericordiae University Hospital Dublin Ireland
| | - Edel M. Quinn
- Department of Breast Surgery Breast Health Unit Mater Misericordiae University Hospital Dublin Ireland
| | - Clare S. Smith
- Department of Breast Radiology Breast Health Unit Mater Misericordiae University Hospital Dublin Ireland
| | - Maurice Stokes
- Department of Breast Surgery Breast Health Unit Mater Misericordiae University Hospital Dublin Ireland
| | - Malcolm Kell
- Department of Breast Surgery Breast Health Unit Mater Misericordiae University Hospital Dublin Ireland
| | - John Mitchel Barry
- Department of Breast Surgery Breast Health Unit Mater Misericordiae University Hospital Dublin Ireland
| | - Siun M. Walsh
- Department of Breast Surgery Breast Health Unit Mater Misericordiae University Hospital Dublin Ireland
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Choi HY, Kim SM, Jang M, Yun BL, Kang E, Kim EK, Park SY, Kim B, Cho N, Moon WK. Benign Breast Papilloma without Atypia: Outcomes of Surgical Excision versus US-guided Directional Vacuum-assisted Removal or US Follow-up. Radiology 2019; 293:72-80. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2019190096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Risk of malignancy in papillary neoplasms of the breast. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 178:87-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05367-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Vythianathan M, Fox P, Rhodes G, Armes JE. Primary squamous carcinoma of breast - a rare entity: report of two cases and review of the literature. Pathology 2019; 51:529-531. [PMID: 31202482 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathumathi Vythianathan
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, NSW Health Pathology, Orange Base Hospital, Orange, NSW, Australia.
| | - Peter Fox
- Central West Cancer Care Centre, Orange, NSW, Australia
| | - Greg Rhodes
- Barrat and Smith Pathology, Orange Laboratory, NSW, Australia
| | - Jane E Armes
- Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, NSW Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia; Sydney University Medical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Wang ZL, Liu G, He Y, Li N, Liu Y. Ultrasound-guided 7-gauge vacuum-assisted core biopsy: Could it be sufficient for the diagnosis and treatment of intraductal papilloma? Breast J 2019; 25:807-812. [PMID: 31131512 DOI: 10.1111/tbj.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether ultrasound-guided 7-gauge vacuum-assisted core biopsy is sufficient for the diagnosis and treatment of intraductal papilloma and to evaluate the lesion characteristics and histologic features affecting the excision rate of papilloma with vacuum-assisted core biopsy. Between March 2008 and October 2016, 2816 patients underwent US-guided, 7-gauge vacuum-assisted core biopsy (VACB). In them, 101 (3.6%) were demonstrated to have intraductal papilloma by pathology. The accurate diagnostic rate and excision rate of intraductal papilloma after vacuum-assisted core biopsy were evaluated by open surgical biopsy or follow-up US. The lesion characteristics and histologic features were analyzed to identify factors affecting the excision rate of papilloma after VACB. Of the 101 intraductal papillomas, 83 (82.2%) cases were benign papilloma. Two cases were intraductal papilloma accompanied by invasive carcinoma. Sixteen (15.8%) cases were with signs of atypical hyperplasia. In them, one intraductal papilloma accompanied by severe atypical hyperplasia underwent further surgery, and it was demonstrated to have intraductal papilloma accompanied by invasive carcinoma. The accurate diagnostic rate of intraductal papillomas by 7-gauge VACB was 99.0% (100/101). There was no recurrence or malignant transformation in 85.1% (86/101) intraductal papillomas after 7-gauge vacuum-assisted core biopsy. Intraductal papilloma with largest diameter <1 cm, with clear margin, without branch involvement or calcification had a significantly higher excision rate. Seven-gauge VACB is an effective method for the diagnosis of intraductal papilloma of the breast. If histopathological examination confirms a benign character of the lesion, surgery may be avoided but regular follow-up is recommended. If histopathological examination confirms a papilloma with moderate to severe atypical hyperplasia, it was strongly recommended for surgical excision. Lesion characteristics and histologic features could affect the excision rate of intraductal papillomas with VACB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Radiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Ultrasound, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Luiten JD, Korte B, Voogd AC, Vreuls W, Luiten EJT, Strobbe LJ, Rutten MJCM, Plaisier ML, Lohle PN, Hooijen MJH, Tjan-Heijnen VCG, Duijm LEM. Trends in frequency and outcome of high-risk breast lesions at core needle biopsy in women recalled at biennial screening mammography, a multiinstitutional study. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:2720-2727. [PMID: 31001821 PMCID: PMC6766874 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2016, we studied the incidence, management and outcome of high‐risk breast lesions in a consecutive series of 376,519 screens of women who received biennial screening mammography. During the 6‐year period covered by the study, the proportion of women who underwent core needle biopsy (CNB) after recall remained fairly stable, ranging from 39.2% to 48.1% (mean: 44.2%, 5,212/11,783), whereas the proportion of high‐risk lesions at CNB (i.e., flat epithelial atypia, atypical ductal hyperplasia, lobular carcinoma in situ and papillary lesions) gradually increased from 3.2% (25/775) in 2011 to 9.5% (86/901) in 2016 (p < 0.001). The mean proportion of high‐risk lesions at CNB that were subsequently treated with diagnostic surgical excision was 51.4% (169/329) and varied between 41.0% and 64.3% through the years, but the excision rate for high‐risk lesions per 1,000 screens and per 100 recalls increased from 0.25 (2011) to 0.70 (2016; p < 0.001) and from 0.81 (2011) to 2.50 (2016; p < 0.001), respectively. The proportion of all diagnostic surgical excisions showing in situ or invasive breast cancer was 29.0% (49/169) and varied from 22.2% (8/36) in 2014 to 38.5% (5/13) in 2011. In conclusion, the proportion of high‐risk lesions at CNB tripled in a 6‐year period, with a concomitant increased excision rate for these lesions. As the proportion of surgical excisions showing in situ or invasive breast cancer did not increase, a rising number of screened women underwent invasive surgical excision with benign outcome. What's new? Screening mammography aims to catch breast cancer early to reduce associated morbidity and mortality. Women with suspect findings at mammography frequently are recalled for further testing with core needle biopsy (CNB). In this investigation, the proportion of high‐risk lesions detected at CNB was found to have tripled among women in the Netherlands who underwent mammographic screening between 2011 and 2016. This increase was accompanied by an increase in lesion excision rates. Of excised lesions, little more than 14% proved to be malignant at two‐year follow‐up. The remainder of lesions exhibited benign pathology, suggesting that many women underwent potentially unnecessary surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacky D Luiten
- Department of Surgery, Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands.,School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Research Institute GROW, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bram Korte
- Department of Radiology, Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Adri C Voogd
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Research Institute GROW, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Research, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Vreuls
- Department of Pathology, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ernest J T Luiten
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Luc J Strobbe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Menno L Plaisier
- Department of Radiology, Maxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Paul N Lohle
- Department of Radiology, Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | | | - Vivianne C G Tjan-Heijnen
- School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Research Institute GROW, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, GROW, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lucien E M Duijm
- Department of Radiology, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Dutch Expert Centre for Screening, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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46
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Fuentes JAP, Martínez CEM, Casadiego AKR, Freites VFA, Marín VAA, Castellano ACR. Papillary breast lesions diagnosed by percutaneous needle biopsy: management approach. Ecancermedicalscience 2019; 13:902. [PMID: 30915160 PMCID: PMC6390833 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2019.902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary breast lesions are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms of diverse imagenological, clinical and morphological presentation that display different behaviour, prognosis and, therefore, controversial diagnosis and management. The aim of this study is to propose an algorithm for the management of mammary lesions.
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Chen YA, Mack JA, Karamchandani DM, Zaleski MP, Xu L, Dodge DG, Chetlen AL. Excision recommended in high-risk patients: Revisiting the diagnosis of papilloma on core biopsy in the context of patient risk. Breast J 2019; 25:232-236. [PMID: 30697873 DOI: 10.1111/tbj.13200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the clinical history, past medical history, and risk status in women with benign intraductal papillomas(IDP). We observed an upgrade rate of 3.9% to ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and upgrade rate of 10.7% to a high-risk lesion. Prior or concurrent atypia or cancer and high-risk status had a significant increase risk of upgrade. Surgical excision of papillomas is recommended especially in high-risk patients and women with concurrent or history of atypia or malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun An Chen
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Julie A Mack
- Department of Radiology, Division of Breast Imaging, Penn State Health, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Dipti M Karamchandani
- Department of Pathology, Division of Anatomic Pathology, Penn State Health, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center / Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael P Zaleski
- Department of Pathology, Penn State Health, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Liyan Xu
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Daleela G Dodge
- Division of Surgery Specialties and Surgical Oncology, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Alison L Chetlen
- Division of Breast Imaging, Department of Radiology, Penn State Health, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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48
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Wang S, Lou J. A case of giant complicated intraductal papilloma of breast on MRI and literature review. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2018; 1:e1136. [PMID: 32729233 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increasing use of image-guided biopsy, more breast intraductal papillomas are found than ever. Most intraductal papillomas are small, ranging from several milimeters to 2 cm. CASE We described a case of giant intraductal papilloma of breast in a 19-year-old girl with nipple bloody discharge and rapid growth. Magnetic resonance imaging diagnostic evaluation and pathologic correlation along with review of relevant literatures are documented. The lesion was characterized by presence of mixture of cystic and solid component with cystic component occupying a large space. The solid component showed morphologic, kinetic, and diffusion weighted imaging features suggestive of malignancy. Infarction with no enhancement was noted. Cystic compartments contained hemorrhage with fluid-fluid level formation. The patient undertook lumpectomy. CONCLUSION For a giant breast tumor with mixed solid and cystic component, intraductal papilloma should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wang
- Radiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianjuan Lou
- Radiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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49
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Rageth CJ, O'Flynn EAM, Pinker K, Kubik-Huch RA, Mundinger A, Decker T, Tausch C, Dammann F, Baltzer PA, Fallenberg EM, Foschini MP, Dellas S, Knauer M, Malhaire C, Sonnenschein M, Boos A, Morris E, Varga Z. Second International Consensus Conference on lesions of uncertain malignant potential in the breast (B3 lesions). Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 174:279-296. [PMID: 30506111 PMCID: PMC6538569 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-05071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The second International Consensus Conference on B3 lesions was held in Zurich, Switzerland, in March 2018, organized by the International Breast Ultrasound School to re-evaluate the consensus recommendations. Methods This study (1) evaluated how management recommendations of the first Zurich Consensus Conference of 2016 on B3 lesions had influenced daily practice and (2) reviewed current literature towards recommendations to biopsy. Results In 2018, the consensus recommendations for management of B3 lesions remained almost unchanged: For flat epithelial atypia (FEA), classical lobular neoplasia (LN), papillary lesions (PL) and radial scars (RS) diagnosed on core-needle biopsy (CNB) or vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB), excision by VAB in preference to open surgery, and for atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) and phyllodes tumors (PT) diagnosed at VAB or CNB, first-line open surgical excision (OE) with follow-up surveillance imaging for 5 years. Analyzing the Database of the Swiss Minimally Invasive Breast Biopsies (MIBB) with more than 30,000 procedures recorded, there was a significant increase in recommending more frequent surveillance of LN [65% in 2018 vs. 51% in 2016 (p = 0.004)], FEA (72% in 2018 vs. 62% in 2016 (p = 0.005)), and PL [(76% in 2018 vs. 70% in 2016 (p = 0.04)] diagnosed on VAB. A trend to more frequent surveillance was also noted also for RS [77% in 2018 vs. 67% in 2016 (p = 0.07)]. Conclusions Minimally invasive management of B3 lesions (except ADH and PT) with VAB continues to be appropriate as an alternative to first-line OE in most cases, but with more frequent surveillance, especially for LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph J Rageth
- Département de Gynécologie et d'Obstétrique, Centre du sein, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Bd de la Cluse 30, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland. .,, Ringlikerstrasse 53, 8142, Uitikon Waldegg, Switzerland.
| | - Elizabeth A M O'Flynn
- The Rose Centre, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Perimeter Road, London, SW17 0QT, UK
| | - Katja Pinker
- Breast Imaging Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 E 66th St, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Rahel A Kubik-Huch
- Department of Medical Services, Institute of Radiology, Kantonsspital Baden, im Ergel, 5404, Baden, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Mundinger
- Zentrum Radiologie der Niels-Stensen-Kliniken; Marienhospital Osnabrück, Bischofsstraße 1, 49074, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Thomas Decker
- Institut für Pathologie am Dietrich-Bonhoeffer-Klinikum, Salvador-Allende-Straße 30, 17036, Neubrandenburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Tausch
- Brust-Zentrum Zürich, Seefeldstr. 214, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Dammann
- Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Department of Diagnostic, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Freiburgstrasse 10, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pascal A Baltzer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Allgemeines Krankenhaus, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Maria Fallenberg
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria P Foschini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Unit of Anatomic Pathology at Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Via Altura 3, 40139, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sophie Dellas
- Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Knauer
- Breast Center St. Gallen, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Rorschacher Str. 95, 9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Malhaire
- Imaging Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Martin Sonnenschein
- Division of Radiology, Breast Center Bern (Brustzentrum Bern), Klinik Engeried, Lindenhofgruppe AG, Riedweg 15, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Boos
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistr. 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Morris
- Breast Imaging Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 E 66th St, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Zsuzsanna Varga
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland Schmelzbergstrasse 12., 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
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50
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Gulla S, Lancaster R, De Los Santos J. High-Risk Breast Lesions and Current Management. Semin Roentgenol 2018; 53:252-260. [DOI: 10.1053/j.ro.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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