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Tocci NX, Wehrle CJ, Sun K, Jiao C, Hong H, Gross A, Allkushi E, Uysal M, Linganna MW, Stackhouse K, Hashimoto K, Schlegel A, Walsh RM, Miller C, Kwon DCH, Aucejo F. Circulating tumor DNA in management of primary liver malignancy: A review of the literature and future directions. J Surg Oncol 2024. [PMID: 39155663 DOI: 10.1002/jso.27825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Primary liver malignancies are a serious and challenging global health concern. The most common primary tumors are hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. These diseases portend poor prognosis when presenting with progressive, extensive disease. There is a critical need for improved diagnosis, therapeutic intervention, and monitoring surveillance in liver-related malignancies. Liquid biopsy using ctDNA provides an opportunity for growth within these domains for liver-related malignancy. However, ctDNA is relatively understudied in this field compared with other solid tumor types, possibly due to the complex nature of the pathology. In this review, we aim to discuss ctDNA, the current literature, and future directions of this technology within primary liver malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah X Tocci
- Department of Hepato-pancreato-biliary & Liver Transplant Surgery, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Chase J Wehrle
- Department of Hepato-pancreato-biliary & Liver Transplant Surgery, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Keyue Sun
- Lerner Research Institute, Inflammation & Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Chunbao Jiao
- Lerner Research Institute, Inflammation & Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Hanna Hong
- Department of Hepato-pancreato-biliary & Liver Transplant Surgery, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Abby Gross
- Department of Hepato-pancreato-biliary & Liver Transplant Surgery, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Erlind Allkushi
- Department of Hepato-pancreato-biliary & Liver Transplant Surgery, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Melis Uysal
- Department of Hepato-pancreato-biliary & Liver Transplant Surgery, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Maureen Whitsett Linganna
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Katheryn Stackhouse
- Department of Hepato-pancreato-biliary & Liver Transplant Surgery, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Koji Hashimoto
- Department of Hepato-pancreato-biliary & Liver Transplant Surgery, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrea Schlegel
- Department of Hepato-pancreato-biliary & Liver Transplant Surgery, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Lerner Research Institute, Inflammation & Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - R Matthew Walsh
- Department of Hepato-pancreato-biliary & Liver Transplant Surgery, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Charles Miller
- Department of Hepato-pancreato-biliary & Liver Transplant Surgery, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - David C H Kwon
- Department of Hepato-pancreato-biliary & Liver Transplant Surgery, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Federico Aucejo
- Department of Hepato-pancreato-biliary & Liver Transplant Surgery, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Wojtukiewicz MZ, Mysliwiec M, Tokajuk A, Kruszewska J, Politynska B, Jamroze A, Wojtukiewicz AM, Tang DG, Honn KV. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 (TFPI-2)-an underappreciated partaker in cancer and metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024:10.1007/s10555-024-10205-7. [PMID: 39153052 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-024-10205-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
The coagulation system is known to play an important role in cancer development and metastasis, but the precise mechanisms by which it does so remain incompletely understood. With this in mind, we provide an updated overview of the effects of TFPI-2, a protease inhibitor, on cancer development and metastasis. TFPI-2 interacts with the thrombin cascade and also employs other mechanisms to suppress cancer growth and dissemination, which include extracellular matrix stabilization, promotion of caspase-mediated cell apoptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis and transduction of intracellular signals. Down-regulation of TFPI-2 expression is well documented in numerous types of neoplasms, mainly via promoter methylation. However, the exact role of TFPI-2 in cancer progression and possible approaches to up-regulate TFPI-2 expression warrant further studies. Strategies to reactivate TFPI-2 may represent a promising direction for future anticancer studies and therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Z Wojtukiewicz
- Department of Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, 12 Ogrodowa, 15-027, Bialystok, Poland.
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center of Bialystok, 12 Ogrodowa, 15-027, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Marta Mysliwiec
- Department of Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, 12 Ogrodowa, 15-027, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Tokajuk
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center of Bialystok, 12 Ogrodowa, 15-027, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Kruszewska
- Department of Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, 12 Ogrodowa, 15-027, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Barbara Politynska
- Department of Psychology and Philosophy, Medical University of Bialystok, 37 Szpitalna, 15-295, Bialystok, Poland
- Robinson College, University of Cambridge, Grange Road, Cambridge, CB3 9AN, UK
| | - Anmbreen Jamroze
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Anna M Wojtukiewicz
- Department of Psychology and Philosophy, Medical University of Bialystok, 37 Szpitalna, 15-295, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Dean G Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Kenneth V Honn
- Department of Pathology-School of Medicine, Bioactive Lipids Research Program, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R St, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
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3
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Sun Y, Kong D, Zhang Q, Xiang R, Lu S, Feng L, Zhang H. DNA methylation biomarkers for predicting lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03601-6. [PMID: 39026026 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03601-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Lymph node metastasis is an important marker of colorectal cancer progression and plays a key role in the evaluation of patient prognosis. Accurate preoperative assessment of lymph node metastasis is crucial for devising appropriate treatment plans. However, current clinical imaging methods have limitations in many aspects. Therefore, the discovery of a method for accurately predicting lymph node metastasis is crucial clinical decision-making. DNA methylation is a common epigenetic modification that can regulate gene expression, which also has an important impact on the development of colorectal cancer. It is considered to be a promising biomarker with good specificity and stability and has promising application in predicting lymph node metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer. This article reviews the characteristics and limitations of currently available methods for predicting lymph node metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer and discusses the role of DNA methylation as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Deyang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Renshen Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Shuaibing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Lin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Haizeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Zhai LL, Li WB, Chen LJ, Wang W, Ju TF, Yin DL. Curcumin inhibits the invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer cells by upregulating TFPI-2 to regulate ERK- and JNK-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:639-651. [PMID: 38129361 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03296-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most deadly human malignancies. Curcumin is a natural polyphenolic compound with wide-ranging pharmacological effects. Growing evidence suggests that curcumin has anticancer activity against PC, but the mechanism remains incompletely elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of curcumin on the invasion and migration of PC cells. METHODS Effect of curcumin on tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)-2 mRNA expression in PC cells was initially identified using qRT-PCR. Cytotoxicity of curcumin was assessed with MTT assays and IC50 was calculated. Involvement of ERK and JNK pathways, as well as protein expression of TFPI-2 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers, were detected using immunoblotting. Invasion and migration of PC cells were examined using Transwell assays. TFPI-2 expression was manipulated by transfection with siRNA and shRNA. Rescue assays were used to validate the effect of curcumin on cell invasion and migration via TFPI-2. RESULTS Curcumin increased the expression of TFPI-2 mRNA and protein in PC cells and attenuated cell invasion and migration. Curcumin also inhibited ERK and JNK pathways and EMT in PC cells. Knockdown of TFPI-2 partially reversed the inhibition of ERK and JNK pathways and EMT by curcumin. Mechanistically, curcumin upregulated TFPI-2, thereby inhibiting the ERK and JNK pathways, leading to the inhibition of EMT in PC cells. CONCLUSION Collectively, curcumin inhibits ERK- and JNK-mediated EMT through upregulating TFPI-2, which in turn suppresses the migration and invasion of PC cells. These findings provide new insights into the antitumor mechanism of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Zhai
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, 230001, People's Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhangzhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Bo Li
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhangzhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Long-Jiang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhangzhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhangzhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong-Fa Ju
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Da-Long Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, 230001, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Kobayashi H, Matsubara S, Yoshimoto C, Shigetomi H, Imanaka S. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2: Current understanding, challenges, and future perspectives. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2023; 49:2575-2583. [PMID: 37549932 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI2) is a structural homolog of tissue factor pathway inhibitor 1 (TFPI1). Since TFPI2 is a placenta-derived protein, dynamic changes in TFPI2 levels may be related to pregnancy-related diseases. Furthermore, TFPI2 has been reported to be a novel serum biomarker for detecting ovarian cancer, especially clear cell carcinoma (CCC). This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the biological function of TFPI2, highlight the major challenges that remain to be addressed, and discuss future research directions. METHODS Papers published up to March 31, 2023 in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases were included in this review. We also provide novel complementary information to what is known about the action of TFPI2. RESULTS Since TFPI2 concentrations in the blood of pregnant women, preeclampsia patients, and cancer patients vary greatly, its pathophysiological functions have attracted attention. Downregulation of TFPI2, a tumor-suppressor gene, by hypermethylation may contribute to the progression of several cancers. On the other hand, TFPI2 overexpressed in CCC is a risk factor for the development of thrombosis, possibly through inhibition of plasmin activity. However, agreement on the biological function of TFPI2 is still lacking and there are many scientific questions to be addressed. In particular, the lack of international standardization for the quantification of TFPI2 concentrations makes it difficult for researchers and clinicians to evaluate, pool, and compare data from different studies across countries. DISCUSSION This review summarizes current understandings and challenges in TFPI2 research and discusses future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Ms.Clinic MayOne, Kashihara, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Sho Matsubara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Kei Oushin Clinic, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Chiharu Yoshimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shigetomi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Aska Ladies Clinic, Nara, Japan
| | - Shogo Imanaka
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Ms.Clinic MayOne, Kashihara, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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6
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Wang C, Yao C, Sun Y, Chen J, Ge Y, Wang Y, Wang F, Wang L, Lin Y, Yao S. Identification and verification of a novel epigenetic-related gene signature for predicting the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:897123. [DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.897123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. Epigenetic dysregulation is now considered to be related to hepatocarcinogenesis. However, it is unclear how epigenetic-related genes (ERGs) contribute to the prognosis of HCC. In this study, we used the TCGA database to identify prognostic ERGs that were differentially expressed in HCC patients. Then, using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis, a six-gene signature was constructed, and patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups. Validation was performed on HCC patients from the ICGC database. Patients in the high-risk group had a significantly lower chance of survival than those in the low-risk group (p < 0.001 in both databases). The predictive ability of the signature was determined by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The risk score was then shown to be an independent prognostic factor for the overall survival (OS) of HCC patients based on the results of univariate and multivariate analyses. We also created a practical nomogram combining the prognostic model with other clinical features. Moreover, functional enrichment analysis revealed that these genes are linked to tumor immunity. In conclusion, our findings showed that a novel six-gene signature related to epigenetics can accurately predict the occurrence and prognosis of HCC.
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7
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Yan W, Han Q, Gong L, Zhan X, Li W, Guo Z, Zhao J, Li T, Bai Z, Wu J, Huang Y, Lv L, Zhao H, Cai H, Huang S, Diao X, Chen Y, Gong W, Xia Q, Man J, Chen L, Dai G, Zhou T. MBD3 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression and metastasis through negative regulation of tumour suppressor TFPI2. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:612-623. [PMID: 35501390 PMCID: PMC9381593 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01831-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanism of recurrence and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is complex and challenging. Methyl-CpG binding domain protein 3 (MBD3) is a key epigenetic regulator involved in the progression and metastasis of several cancers, but its role in HCC remains unknown. Methods MBD3 expression in HCC was detected by immunohistochemistry and its association with clinicopathological features and patient’s survival was analysed. The effects of MBD3 on hepatoma cells growth and metastasis were investigated, and the mechanism was explored. Results MBD3 is significantly highly expressed in HCC, associated with the advanced tumour stage and poor prognosis in HCC patients. MBD3 promotes the growth, angiogenesis and metastasis of HCC cells by inhibiting the tumour suppressor tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI2). Mechanistically, MBD3 can inhibit the TFPI2 transcription via the Nucleosome Remodeling and Deacetylase (NuRD) complex-mediated deacetylation, thus reactivating the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, leading to the progression and metastasis of HCC Conclusions Our results unravel the novel regulatory function of MBD3 in the progression and metastasis of HCC and identify MBD3 as an independent unfavourable prognostic factor for HCC patients, suggesting its potential as a promising therapeutic target as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, 5th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100853, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China.,Nanhu Laboratory, 314002, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lin Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA navy No. 971 Hospital, 266071, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Wanjin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Zenglin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangman Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaofang Bai
- Department of Liver Disease, 5th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100039, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Luye Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Haixin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoyi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Xinwei Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Weili Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Jianghong Man
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China. .,Nanhu Laboratory, 314002, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Guanghai Dai
- Department of Oncology, 5th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100853, Beijing, China.
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China. .,Nanhu Laboratory, 314002, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, China.
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8
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Kremer V, Bink DI, Stanicek L, van Ingen E, Gimbel T, Hilderink S, Günther S, Nossent AY, Boon RA. MEG8 regulates Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor 2 (TFPI2) expression in the endothelium. Sci Rep 2022; 12:843. [PMID: 35039572 PMCID: PMC8763909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04812-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A large portion of the genome is transcribed into non-coding RNA, which does not encode protein. Many long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to be involved in important regulatory processes such as genomic imprinting and chromatin modification. The 14q32 locus contains many non-coding RNAs such as Maternally Expressed Gene 8 (MEG8). We observed an induction of this gene in ischemic heart disease. We investigated the role of MEG8 specifically in endothelial function as well as the underlying mechanism. We hypothesized that MEG8 plays an important role in cardiovascular disease via epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Experiments were performed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In vitro silencing of MEG8 resulted in impaired angiogenic sprouting. More specifically, total sprout length was reduced as was proliferation, while migration was unaffected. We performed RNA sequencing to assess changes in gene expression after loss of MEG8. The most profoundly regulated gene, Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor 2 (TFPI2), was fivefold increased following MEG8 silencing. TFPI2 has previously been described as an inhibitor of angiogenesis. Mechanistically, MEG8 silencing resulted in a reduction of the inhibitory histone modification H3K27me3 at the TFPI2 promoter. Interestingly, additional silencing of TFPI2 partially restored angiogenic sprouting capacity but did not affect proliferation of MEG8 silenced cells. In conclusion, silencing of MEG8 impairs endothelial function, suggesting a potential beneficial role in maintaining cell viability. Our study highlights the MEG8/TFPI2 axis as potential therapeutic approach to improve angiogenesis following ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerle Kremer
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diewertje I Bink
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Stanicek
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eva van Ingen
- Department of Surgery, The Netherlands Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Theresa Gimbel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Partner Site Frankfurt Rhein/Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sarah Hilderink
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Günther
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Partner Site Frankfurt Rhein/Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Anne Yaël Nossent
- Department of Surgery, The Netherlands Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinier A Boon
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. .,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Partner Site Frankfurt Rhein/Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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9
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Zhang L, Dong L, Lu C, Huang W, Yang C, Wang Q, Wang Q, Lei R, Sun R, Wan K, Li T, Sun F, Gan T, Lin J, Yin L. Methylation of SDC2/ TFPI2 and Its Diagnostic Value in Colorectal Tumorous Lesions. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:706754. [PMID: 35004840 PMCID: PMC8729808 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.706754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background:SDC2 methylation is a feasible biomarker for colorectal cancer detection. Its specificity for colorectal cancer is higher than 90%, but the sensitivity is normally lower than 90%. This study aims to improve the sensitivity of SDC2 detection through finding a high positive target from the false-negative samples of SDC2 detection based on analysis of the bowel subsite difference in methylation. Methods: Hypermethylated TFPI2 was identified in SDC2 hypomethylated colorectal cancer samples retrieved from TCGA database with the methylation level lower than 0.2. The methylation-specific PCR assay was developed and then evaluated using tissue samples (184 cancer and 54 healthy control samples) and stool samples (289 cancer, 190 adenoma, and 217 healthy control samples). Results:TFPI2 was hypermethylated in most SDC2 hypomethylated colorectal cancer samples. When the SDC2/TFPI2-combined PCR assay was performed in stool specimens, the AUC value of cancer vs. control was 0.98, with the specificity of 96.40% and sensitivity of 96.60%, and the AUC value of adenoma vs. control was 0.87, with the specificity of 95.70% and the sensitivity of 80.00%. The improvement in sensitivity was the most momentous in the left colon. As the detection index, the Ct value was better in improving the sensitivity of detection than the methylation level based on the 2−ΔΔCt value. Conclusion:TFPI2 can improve the sensitivity of SDC2 methylation–specific detection of colorectal tumorous lesions while maintaining high specificity, in particular reducing the missed detection of left colon cancer and adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianglu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan Ammunition Life-tech Company, Ltd., Wuhan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,The Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Lanlan Dong
- Wuhan Ammunition Life-tech Company, Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Changming Lu
- Wuhan Ammunition Life-tech Company, Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Wenxian Huang
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cuiping Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The Eighth Hospital of Wuhan, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruixue Lei
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology (Anyang Tumor Hospital), Anyang, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital (Puai Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kangkang Wan
- Wuhan Ammunition Life-tech Company, Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Wuhan Ammunition Life-tech Company, Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Sun
- Wuhan Ammunition Life-tech Company, Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Tian Gan
- Wuhan Ammunition Life-tech Company, Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Yin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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10
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Kobayashi H, Imanaka S. Toward an understanding of tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 as a novel serodiagnostic marker for clear cell carcinoma of the ovary. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021; 47:2978-2989. [PMID: 34184357 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)-2 has recently emerged as a serodiagnostic marker for patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), especially clear cell carcinoma (CCC). This review discusses the biological properties of TFPI-2 and why serum levels are elevated in CCC patients. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed up until March, 2021. RESULTS TFPI-2 is a Kunitz-type protease inhibitor and negatively regulates the enzymatic activities, such as plasmin. TFPI-2 has been characterized as a tumor suppressor gene and was frequently downregulated through promoter hypermethylation in various human cancers. In contrast, TFPI-2 was overexpressed only in CCC. TFPI-2 may be involved in the pathophysiology of CCC, possibly through regulation of coagulation system, stabilization of extracellular matrix (ECM), and induction of intracellular signal transduction. TFPI-2 suppresses tissue factor-induced hypercoagulation in a hypoxic environment. TFPI-2, secreted by CCC cells, platelets, and adjacent vascular endothelial cells, may suppress tumor growth and invasion through ECM remodeling. Nuclear TFPI-2 may suppress matrix metalloproteinase production via transcription factors and modulate caspase-mediated cell apoptosis. CCC cells may upregulate the TFPI-2 expression to adapt to survival in the demanding environment. TFPI-2 is secreted by CCC cells and enters the systemic circulation, resulting in elevated blood levels. DISCUSSION Serum TFPI-2 reflects the overexpression of TFPI-2 in CCC tissues and is a potential serodiagnostic marker. Further research is needed to explore the expression, clinical significance, biological function, and potential mechanism of TFPI-2 in CCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.,Ms. Clinic MayOne, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Shogo Imanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.,Ms. Clinic MayOne, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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11
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Miyagi E, Arakawa N, Sakamaki K, Yokota NR, Yamanaka T, Yamada Y, Yamaguchi S, Nagao S, Hirashima Y, Kasamatsu Y, Kato H, Mogami T, Miyagi Y, Kobayashi H. Validation of tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 as a specific biomarker for preoperative prediction of clear cell carcinoma of the ovary. Int J Clin Oncol 2021; 26:1336-1344. [PMID: 34009487 PMCID: PMC8213588 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-021-01914-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI2) is a novel serum biomarker that discriminates ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) from borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) and non-clear cell epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs). Here, we examined the performance of TFPI2 for preoperative diagnosis of CCC. METHODS Serum samples were obtained preoperatively from patients with ovarian masses, who needed surgical treatment at five hospitals in Japan. The diagnostic powers of TFPI2 and cancer antigen 125 (CA125) serum levels to discriminate CCC from BOTs, other EOCs, and benign lesions were compared. RESULTS A total of 351 patients including 69 CCCs were analyzed. Serum TFPI2 levels were significantly higher in CCC patients (mean ± SD, 508.2 ± 812.0 pg/mL) than in patients with benign lesions (154.7 ± 46.5), BOTs (181 ± 95.5) and other EOCs (265.4 ± 289.1). TFPI2 had a high diagnostic specificity for CCC (79.5%). In patients with benign ovarian endometriosis, no patient was positive for TFPI2, but 71.4% (15/21) were CA125 positive. TFPI2 showed good performance in discriminating stage II-IV CCC from BOTs and other EOCs (AUC 0.815 for TFPI2 versus 0.505 for CA125) or endometriosis (AUC 0.957 for TFPI2 versus 0.748 for CA125). The diagnostic sensitivity of TFPI2 to discriminate CCC from BOTs and other EOCs was improved from 43.5 to 71.0% when combined with CA125. CONCLUSIONS High specificity of TFPI2 for preoperative detection of CCC was verified with the defined cutoff level of TFPI2 in clinical practice. TFPI2 and CA125 may contribute substantially to precise prediction of intractable CCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuko Miyagi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Noriaki Arakawa
- Department of Medical Life Science, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.,Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kentaro Sakamaki
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Novel and Explanatory Clinical Trials (Y-NEXT), Yokohama, Japan.,Center for Data Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naho Ruiz Yokota
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takeharu Yamanaka
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Novel and Explanatory Clinical Trials (Y-NEXT), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | | | - Shoji Nagao
- Department of Gynecology, Hyogo Cancer Center, Hyogo, Japan
| | | | - Yuka Kasamatsu
- Department of Gynecology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hisamori Kato
- Department of Gynecology, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tae Mogami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.,Department of Gynecology, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyagi
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
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12
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Yi JM. DNA Methylation Change Profiling of Colorectal Disease: Screening towards Clinical Use. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11050412. [PMID: 33946400 PMCID: PMC8147151 DOI: 10.3390/life11050412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Transformation of colon epithelial cells into invasive adenocarcinomas has been well known to be due to the accumulation of multiple genetic and epigenetic changes. In the past decade, the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) which is characterized by chronic inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, was only partially explained by genetic studies providing susceptibility loci, but recently epigenetic studies have provided critical evidences affecting IBD pathogenesis. Over the past decade, A deep understanding of epigenetics along with technological advances have led to identifying numerous genes that are regulated by promoter DNA hypermethylation in colorectal diseases. Recent advances in our understanding of the role of DNA methylation in colorectal diseases could improve a multitude of powerful DNA methylation-based biomarkers, particularly for use as diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction for therapeutic approaches. This review focuses on the emerging potential for translational research of epigenetic alterations into clinical utility as molecular biomarkers. Moreover, this review discusses recent progress regarding the identification of unknown hypermethylated genes in colon cancers and IBD, as well as their possible role in clinical practice, which will have important clinical significance, particularly in the era of the personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Mi Yi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea;
- Innovative Therapeutics Research Institute, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
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13
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Zhang W, Yang C, Wang S, Xiang Z, Dou R, Lin Z, Zheng J, Xiong B. SDC2 and TFPI2 Methylation in Stool Samples as an Integrated Biomarker for Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:3601-3617. [PMID: 33958894 PMCID: PMC8096344 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s300861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Detection of aberrant methylated DNA in the stool is an effective early screening method for colorectal cancer (CRC). Previously, reporters identified that syndecan-2 (SDC2) and tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI2) were aberrantly methylated in most CRC tissues. However, the combined diagnostic role of them remains undefined. Our research aimed at probing the role and efficiency of the methylation status of SDC2 and TFPI2 in CRC early screening by using bioinformatics analysis and clinical stool sample validation. Methods The promoter and CpG site methylation levels of SDC2 and TFPI2 and their correlation with clinicopathological characteristics of CRC were analyzed using UALCAN, Methsurv, and Wanderer. UCSC Xena was used to perform survival analyses. LinkedOmics was used to do functional network analysis. DNA was isolated and purified from stool, and quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP) was applied to detect methylatedSDC2 and TFPI2. Results The results showed that promoter and most CpG site methylation levels of SDC2 and TFPI2 were significantly higher in CRC than in normal tissues. Moreover, SDC2 and TFPI2 methylation showed a positive correlation. Functional network analysis suggested that both methylated SDC2 and TFPI2 were involved in tumor cells’ metabolic programs. Besides, there was a higher positive integrated detection rate in CRC (n=61) with a sensitivity of 93.4% and in adenoma (Ade) (n=16) with a sensitivity of 81.3% than normal with a specificity of 94.3% in stool samples. What is more, integration of methylated SDC2 and TFPI2 showed a higher sensitivity and Youden index than a single gene in detecting Adeor CRC. Conclusion Our data indicate that SDC2 and TFPI2 were hypermethylated in CRC, and integrated detection of methylated SDC2 and TFPI2 in stool has the potential to be an effective and noninvasive tool of CRC early screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisong Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors & Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaogang Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors & Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors & Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxian Xiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors & Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongzhang Dou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors & Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zaihuan Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors & Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinsen Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors & Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xiong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors & Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
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14
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Ota Y, Koizume S, Nakamura Y, Yoshihara M, Takahashi T, Sato S, Myoba S, Ohtake N, Kato H, Yokose T, Miyagi E, Miyagi Y. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor‑2 is specifically expressed in ovarian clear cell carcinoma tissues in the nucleus, cytoplasm and extracellular matrix. Oncol Rep 2021; 45:1023-1032. [PMID: 33650653 PMCID: PMC7859994 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.7944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 (TFPI-2) is a promising candidate as a serum biomarker of ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC), a lethal histological subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). TFPI-2 is a secreted serine protease inhibitor that suppresses cancer progression through the inhibition of matrix protease activities. Previous studies have also identified TFPI-2 in the nucleus, and a possible function of nuclear TFPI-2 as a transcriptional repressor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) was recently demonstrated. We are currently establishing TFPI-2 as a serum biomarker for OCCC patients; however, TFPI-2 expression in OCCC tissues has not been previously investigated. In the present study, we examined TFPI-2 expression and its localization in 11 OCCC cell lines by western blotting and enzyme-linked immune assay. Four cell lines expressed TFPI-2 in the nucleus, cytoplasm and culture plate–attached extracellular fraction, while four other cell lines expressed TFPI-2 only in the extracellular fraction. In the remaining three cell lines, TFPI-2 was not identified in any fraction. The amount of secreted soluble TFPI-2 showed similar trends to that of the plate-attached fraction. We next investigated the expression levels and distribution of TFPI-2 in surgically resected EOC tissues by immunohistochemistry. In 52 of the 77 (67.5%) OCCC tumors, TFPI-2 expression was detected in at least one of the nuclear, cytoplasmic and extracellular matrix fractions. In contrast, we did not identify TFPI-2 in the other EOC subtypes (n=65). TFPI-2-positive expression distinguished CCC from the other EOC tissues with a sensitivity of 67.5% and specificity of 100%. Although the inherent tumor suppressor function, statistical analyses failed to demonstrate correlations between TFPI-2 expression and clinical parameters, including 5-year overall survival, except for the patient age. In conclusion, we identified TFPI-2 expression in the nucleus, cytoplasm and extracellular matrix in OCCC tissues. The high specificity of TFPI-2 may support its use for diagnosis of OCCC in combination with existing markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihide Ota
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama 241‑8515, Japan
| | - Shiro Koizume
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama 241‑8515, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Nakamura
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama 241‑8515, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Yoshihara
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama 241‑8515, Japan
| | - Tomoko Takahashi
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama 241‑8515, Japan
| | - Shinya Sato
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama 241‑8515, Japan
| | - Shohei Myoba
- Bioscience Division, Reagent Development Department, Tosoh Corporation, Ayase, Kanagawa 252‑1123, Japan
| | - Norihisa Ohtake
- Bioscience Division, Reagent Development Department, Tosoh Corporation, Ayase, Kanagawa 252‑1123, Japan
| | - Hisamori Kato
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama 241‑8515, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokose
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama 241‑8515, Japan
| | - Etsuko Miyagi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236‑0004, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyagi
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama 241‑8515, Japan
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15
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Razdan A, de Souza P, Roberts TL. Role of MicroRNAs in Treatment Response in Prostate Cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2019; 18:929-944. [PMID: 29644941 PMCID: PMC6463399 DOI: 10.2174/1568009618666180315160125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-skin cancer in men worldwide, resulting in significant mortality and morbidity. Depending on the grade and stage of the cancer, patients may be given radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, or chemotherapy. However, more than half of these patients develop resistance to treatment, leading to disease progression and metastases, often with lethal consequences. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs, which regulate numerous physiological as well as pathological processes, including cancer. miRNAs mediate their regulatory effect predominately by binding to the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of their target mRNAs. In this review, we will describe the mechanisms by which miRNAs mediate resistance to radiation and drug therapy (i.e. hormone therapy and chemotherapy) in PCa, including control of apoptosis, cell growth and proliferation, autophagy, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion and metastasis, and cancer stem cells (CSCs). Furthermore, we will discuss the utility of circulating miRNAs isolated from different body fluids of prostate cancer patients as non-invasive biomarkers of cancer detection, disease progression, and therapy response. Finally, we will shortlist the candidate miRNAs, which may have a role in drug and radioresistance, that could potentially be used as predictive biomarkers of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshuli Razdan
- Medical Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul de Souza
- Medical Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tara Laurine Roberts
- Medical Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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16
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Liu R, Su X, Long Y, Zhou D, Zhang X, Ye Z, Ma J, Tang T, Wang F, He C. A systematic review and quantitative assessment of methylation biomarkers in fecal DNA and colorectal cancer and its precursor, colorectal adenoma. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2019; 779:45-57. [PMID: 31097151 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) arises from accumulated genetic and epigenetic alterations, which provide the possibility to identify tumor-specific biomarkers by analyzing fecal DNA. Methylation status in human genes from tumor tissue is highlighted as promising biomarker in the early detection of CRC. A number of studies have documented altered methylation levels in DNA extracted from stool samples, but generated heterogeneous results. We performed a systematic review and quantitative assessment of existing studies to compare levels of DNA methylation in most frequently studied genes and their diagnostic value in CRC and its precursor, colorectal adenoma, with their counterparts in healthy subjects. Robust searches of the literature were performed in our study with explicit strategies and definite inclusion/exclusion criteria. Pooled data revealed that methylation levels of SFRP2, SFRP1, TFPI2, BMP3, NDRG4, SPG20, and BMP3 plus NDRG4 genes exceeded a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 80% for CRC detection. The DOR of the seven candidate biomarkers ranged from 19.80 to 334.33, indicating a good diagnostic power in discriminating cancer from normal tissues. The AUC range was from 0.88 to 0.95, indicating a good or very good discriminatory performance. When test results for BMP3 and NDRG4 were combined, the DOR of CRC detection was 98.36, which was higher than that for BMP3 and NDRG4 separately. As for adenoma detection, the DOR of methylated NDRG4 is higher than that for CRC (CRC vs. adenoma: 54.86 vs. 57.22). Both the sensitivity and specificity of NDRG4 for adenoma detection exceeded 70%. These findings demonstrate the eligibility and feasibility of DNA methylation as a minimally invasive biomarker in feces in the diagnosis of CRC and adenoma. The use of DNA from human stools has the potential to be readily applicable to detect aberrant DNA methylation levels among many subjects for CRC early screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongbin Liu
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Su
- Department of Head and Neck, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, China
| | - Yakang Long
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dalei Zhou
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zulu Ye
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangjun Ma
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Caiyun He
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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17
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Wang S, Chai P, Jia R, Jia R. Novel insights on m 6A RNA methylation in tumorigenesis: a double-edged sword. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:101. [PMID: 30031372 PMCID: PMC6054842 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0847-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most prevalent modification of mammalian RNA, has received increasing attention. Although m6A has been shown to be associated with biological activities, such as spermatogenesis modulation, cell spermatogenesis and pluripotency, Drosophila sex determination, and the control of T cell homeostasis and response to heat shock, little is known about its roles in cancer biology and cancer stem cells. Recent articles have noted that some genes have abnormal m6A expression after tumorigenesis, including genes ABS2, RARA, MYB, MYC, ADAM19 and FOX1. Abnormal changes in the m6A levels of these genes are closely related to tumour occurrence and development. In this review, we summarized the 'dual edge weapon' role of RNA methylation in the tumorigenesis. We discussed RNA methylation could lead to not only tumour progression but also tumour suppression. Moreover, we clarified that the abnormal changes in the m6A enrichment of specific loci contribute to tumour occurrence and development, thereby representing a novel anti-cancer strategy by restoration to balanced RNA methylation in tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyun Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiwei Chai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruobing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Chen M, Wei L, Law CT, Tsang FHC, Shen J, Cheng CLH, Tsang LH, Ho DWH, Chiu DKC, Lee JMF, Wong CCL, Ng IOL, Wong CM. RNA N6-methyladenosine methyltransferase-like 3 promotes liver cancer progression through YTHDF2-dependent posttranscriptional silencing of SOCS2. Hepatology 2018; 67:2254-2270. [PMID: 29171881 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 890] [Impact Index Per Article: 148.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Epigenetic alterations have contributed greatly to human carcinogenesis. Conventional epigenetic studies have predominantly focused on DNA methylation, histone modifications, and chromatin remodeling. Recently, diverse and reversible chemical modifications of RNAs have emerged as a new layer of epigenetic regulation. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant chemical modification of eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA) and is important for the regulation of mRNA stability, splicing, and translation. Using transcriptome sequencing, we discovered that methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3), a major RNA N6-adenosine methyltransferase, was significantly up-regulated in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and multiple solid tumors. Clinically, overexpression of METTL3 is associated with poor prognosis of patients with HCC. Functionally, we proved that knockdown of METTL3 drastically reduced HCC cell proliferation, migration, and colony formation in vitro. Knockout of METTL3 remarkably suppressed HCC tumorigenicity and lung metastasis in vivo. On the other hand, using the CRISPR/dCas9-VP64 activation system, we demonstrated that overexpression of METTL3 significantly promoted HCC growth both in vitro and in vivo. Through transcriptome sequencing, m6A sequencing, and m6A methylated RNA immuno-precipitation quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, we identified suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) as a target of METTL3-mediated m6A modification. Knockdown of METTL3 substantially abolished SOCS2 mRNA m6A modification and augmented SOCS2 mRNA expression. We also showed that m6A-mediated SOCS2 mRNA degradation relied on the m6A reader protein YTHDF2-dependent pathway. CONCLUSION METTL3 is frequently up-regulated in human HCC and contributes to HCC progression. METTL3 represses SOCS2 expression in HCC through an m6A-YTHDF2-dependent mechanism. Our findings suggest an important mechanism of epigenetic alteration in liver carcinogenesis. (Hepatology 2018;67:2254-2270).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengnuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research and Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lai Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research and Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Cheuk-Ting Law
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research and Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Felice Ho-Ching Tsang
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research and Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jialing Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research and Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Carol Lai-Hung Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research and Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Long-Hin Tsang
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research and Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Daniel Wai-Hung Ho
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research and Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - David Kung-Chun Chiu
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research and Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Joyce Man-Fong Lee
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research and Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Carmen Chak-Lui Wong
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research and Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Irene Oi-Lin Ng
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research and Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chun-Ming Wong
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research and Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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19
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Involvement of MAFB and MAFF in Retinoid-Mediated Suppression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Invasion. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051450. [PMID: 29757260 PMCID: PMC5983688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoids exert antitumor effects through the retinoic acid receptor α (RARα). In the present study, we sought to identify the factors involved in the RARα-mediated transcriptional regulation of the tumor suppressor gene and the tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI2) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) was used in the in vitro experiments. Cell invasiveness was measured using trans-well invasion assay. ATRA significantly increased TFPI2 expression through RARα in a human HCC cell line known as HuH7. TFPI2 was vital in the ATRA-mediated suppression of HuH7 cell invasion. The musculo-aponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog B (MAFB) significantly enhanced the activation of the TFPI2 promoter via RARα while MAFF inhibited it. The knockdown of RARα or MAFB counteracted the ATRA-mediated suppression of HuH7 cell invasion while the knockdown of MAFF inhibited the invasion. TFPI2 expression in HCC tissues was significantly downregulated possibly due to the decreased expression of RARβ and MAFB. Patients with HCC expressing low MAFB and high MAFF levels showed the shortest disease-free survival time. These results suggest that MAFB and MAFF play critical roles in the antitumor effects of retinoids by regulating the expression of retinoid target genes such as TFPI2 and can be promising for developing therapies to combat HCC invasion.
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20
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Janardhan A, Kathera C, Darsi A, Ali W, He L, Yang Y, Luo L, Guo Z. Prominent role of histone lysine demethylases in cancer epigenetics and therapy. Oncotarget 2018; 9:34429-34448. [PMID: 30344952 PMCID: PMC6188137 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein methylation has an important role in the regulation of chromatin, gene expression and regulation. The protein methyl transferases are genetically altered in various human cancers. The enzymes that remove histone methylation have led to increased awareness of protein interactions as potential drug targets. Specifically, Lysine Specific Demethylases (LSD) removes methylated histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) and H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) through formaldehyde-generating oxidation. It has been reported that LSD1 and its downstream targets are involved in tumor-cell growth and metastasis. Functional studies of LSD1 indicate that it regulates activation and inhibition of gene transcription in the nucleus. Here we made a discussion about the summary of histone lysine demethylase and their functions in various human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avilala Janardhan
- The No. 7 People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chandrasekhar Kathera
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Amrutha Darsi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wajid Ali
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingfeng He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanhua Yang
- The No. 7 People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Libo Luo
- The No. 7 People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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21
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Liu Y, Yang Z, Du F, Yang Q, Hou J, Yan X, Geng Y, Zhao Y, Wang H. Molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma revealed by RNA‑sequencing. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:6674-6682. [PMID: 28901494 PMCID: PMC5865798 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). RNA‑sequencing profiles GSM629264 and GSM629265, from the GSE25599 data set, were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and processed by quality evaluation. GSM629264 and GSM629265 were from HCC and adjacent non‑cancerous tissues, respectively. TopHat software was used for alignment analysis, followed by the detection of novel splicing sites. In addition, the Cufflinks software package was used to analyze gene expressions, and the Cuffdiff program was used to screen for differently expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed splicing variants. Gene ontology functional enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were also performed. Transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate DEGs were identified, and a protein‑protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. The hub node in the PPI network was obtained, and the TFs and miRNAs that regulated the hub node were further predicted. The quality of the sequencing data met the standards for analysis, and the clean reads were ~65%. Most sequencing reads mapped into coding sequence exons (CDS_exons), whereas other reads mapped into exon 3' untranslated regions (UTR_Exons), 5'UTR_Exons and Introns. Upregulated and downregulated DEGs between HCC and adjacent non‑cancerous tissues were screened. Genes of differentially expressed splicing variants were identified, including vesicle‑associated membrane protein 4, phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class C, protein disulfide isomerase family A member 4 and growth arrest specific 5. Screened DEGs were enriched in the complement pathway. In the PPI network, ubiquitin C (UBC) was the hub node. UBC was predicted to be regulated by several TFs, including specificity protein 1 (SP1), FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog (FOS), proto‑oncogene c‑JUN (JUN), FOS‑like antigen 2 (FOSL2) and SWI/SNF‑related, matrix‑associated, actin‑dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily A, member 4 (SMARCA4), and several miRNAs, including miR‑30 and miR‑181. Results from the present study demonstrated that UBC, SP1, FOS, JUN, FOSL2, SMARCA4, miR‑30 and miR‑181 may participate in the development of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Baoji Municipal Central Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Baoji Municipal Central Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, P.R. China
| | - Feng Du
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Baoji Municipal Central Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Baoji Municipal Central Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, P.R. China
| | - Jie Hou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Baoji Municipal Central Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Yan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Baoji Municipal Central Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, P.R. China
| | - Yi Geng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Baoji Municipal Central Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, P.R. China
| | - Yaning Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Baoji Municipal Central Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, P.R. China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Baoji Municipal Central Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, P.R. China
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22
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Feng C, Ho Y, Sun C, Xia G, Ding Q, Gu B. Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits the growth and promotes the apoptosis of bladder cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:3513-3518. [PMID: 29042941 PMCID: PMC5639296 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has been revealed to inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of several types of tumor, in addition to inhibiting DNA methyltransferase activity, leading to CpG demethylation. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI-2) expression is downregulated in bladder cancer. The present study revealed that this downregulation was partly due to hypermethylation of the TFPI-2 gene promoter, which was decreased by EGCG treatment. In addition, the present study demonstrated that EGCG could inhibit the viability and invasion, and induce the apoptosis, of bladder cancer T24 cells. Furthermore, western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses demonstrated that EGCG could upregulate the expression of TFPI-2. These results suggest that EGCG inhibits the growth and induces the apoptosis of bladder cancer cells through restoring TFPI-2 expression. Thus, EGCG is a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Feng
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Yatfaat Ho
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Chuanyu Sun
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Guowei Xia
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Bin Gu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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23
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Park SK, Song CS, Yang HJ, Jung YS, Choi KY, Koo DH, Kim KE, Jeong KU, Kim HO, Kim H, Chun HK, Park DI. Field Cancerization in Sporadic Colon Cancer. Gut Liver 2017; 10:773-80. [PMID: 27114416 PMCID: PMC5003201 DOI: 10.5009/gnl15334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Aberrant DNA methylation has a specific role in field cancerization. Certain molecular markers, including secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (SFRP2), tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI2 ), N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 4 (NDRG4) and bone morphogenic protein 3 (BMP3), have previously been shown to be hypermethylated in colorectal cancer (CRC). We aim to examine field cancerization in CRC based on the presence of aberrant DNA methylation in normal-appearing tissue from CRC patients. METHODS We investigated promoter methylation in 34 CRC patients and five individuals with normal colonoscopy results. CRC patients were divided into three tissue groups: tumor tissue, adjacent and nonadjacent normal-appearing tissue. The methylation status (positive: methylation level >20%) of SFRP2 , TFPI2 , NDRG4 , and BMP3 promoters was investigated using methylation-specific PCR. RESULTS The methylation frequencies of the SFRP2 , TFPI2 , NDRG4 and BMP3 promoters in tumor/adjacent/nonadjacent normal-appearing tissue were 79.4%/63.0%/70.4%, 82.4%/53.6%/60.7%, 76.5%/61.5%/69.2%, 41.2%/35.7%/50.0%, respectively. The methylation levels of the SFRP, TFPI2, NDRG4 and BMP3 promoters in tumor tissues were significantly higher than those in normal-appearing tissue (SFRP2, p=0.013; TFPI2, p<0.001; NDRG4, p=0.003; BMP3, p=0.001). No significant correlation was observed between the methylation levels of the promoters and the clinicopathological variables. CONCLUSIONS The field effect is present in CRC and affects both the adjacent and nonadjacent normal-appearing mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Kyung Park
- Division of Gastroentorology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Seok Song
- Division of Gastroentorology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo-Joon Yang
- Division of Gastroentorology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Suk Jung
- Division of Gastroentorology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Yong Choi
- Division of Gastroentorology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hoe Koo
- Division of Gastroentorology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Kim
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Uk Jeong
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Ook Kim
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hungdai Kim
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-Kyung Chun
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Il Park
- Division of Gastroentorology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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24
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Hypomethylation of tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 in human placenta of preeclampsia. Thromb Res 2017; 152:7-13. [PMID: 28208084 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the expression, DNA methylation status and its regulatory mechanism of tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI-2) in human placenta tissues of preeclampsia (PE). MATERIAL AND METHODS We studied the mRNA and protein expression and the promoter methylation levels of TFPI-2 in the PE placentas compared with those in the normal pregnant (NP) women. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, western blot, and Sequenom MassARRAY were used for placenta tissue detection. RESULTS The expressions of TFPI-2 mRNA and protein were significantly elevated in the PE placentas when compared with those in the NP ones (P<0.05). Hypomethylation of the TFPI-2 promoter was detected both in PE patients and NP women, with a significant decrease in PE placentas (P=0.005). The methylation level was significantly decreased at CpG_6 (-168 to -167), CpG_15 (-98 to -97) and CpG_18.19 (-68 to -65) in PE patients than that in normal placentas (P<0.05). However, the expression of DNMT-1 didn't show significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Over-expression of TFPI-2 and aberrant promoter mythylation status presented in the PE placentas, suggesting that epigenetic mechanism might contribute to the pathogenesis of PE.
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25
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Arakawa N, Kobayashi H, Yonemoto N, Masuishi Y, Ino Y, Shigetomi H, Furukawa N, Ohtake N, Miyagi Y, Hirahara F, Hirano H, Miyagi E. Clinical Significance of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor 2, a Serum Biomarker Candidate for Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165609. [PMID: 27798689 PMCID: PMC5087914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is currently no reliable serum biomarker for ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC), a highly lethal histological subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Previously, using a proteome-based approach, we identified tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI2) as a candidate serum biomarker for CCC. In this study, we sought to evaluate the clinical diagnostic performance of TFPI2 in preoperative prediction of CCC. METHODS Serum TFPI2 levels were measured in serum samples from a retrospective training set consisting of patients with benign and borderline ovarian tumors, EOC subtypes, and uterine diseases. Via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, we compared the diagnostic performance of TFPI2 with that of CA125 in discrimination of patients with ovarian CCC from other patient groups. The observed diagnostic performances were examined in a prospective validation set. RESULTS The 268-patient training set included 29 patients with ovarian CCC. Unlike CA125, which was also elevated in patients with endometriosis and several EOC subtypes, serum TFPI2 levels were specifically elevated only in ovarian CCC patients, consistent with the mRNA expression pattern in tumor tissues. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of serum TFPI2 was obviously higher than that of CA125 for discrimination of CCC from other ovarian diseases (AUC = 0.891 versus 0.595). Applying a cut-off value of 280 pg/mL, TFPI2 could distinguish early-stage (FIGO I and II) CCC from endometriosis with 72.2% sensitivity, 93.3% specificity, and 88.8% accuracy. Similar results were confirmed in an independent 156-patient prospective validation set. CONCLUSIONS TFPI2 is a useful serum biomarker for preoperative clinical diagnosis of CCC.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/blood
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/diagnosis
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/surgery
- Adult
- Age Factors
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- CA-125 Antigen/blood
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial
- Female
- Genital Diseases, Female/blood
- Genital Diseases, Female/diagnosis
- Glycoproteins/blood
- Humans
- Menstrual Cycle
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neoplasm Staging
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/blood
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/diagnosis
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/surgery
- Ovarian Neoplasms/blood
- Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Ovarian Neoplasms/surgery
- Preoperative Period
- Prognosis
- ROC Curve
- Reproducibility of Results
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Arakawa
- Department of Medical Life Science, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Naohiro Yonemoto
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Novel and Explanatory Clinical Trials (Y-NEXT), Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Masuishi
- Department of Medical Life Science, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoko Ino
- Department of Medical Life Science, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shigetomi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Naoto Furukawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Norihisa Ohtake
- Bioscience Division, Reagent Development Department, Tosoh Corporation, Ayase, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyagi
- Research Institute, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Fumiki Hirahara
- Yokohama City University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hisashi Hirano
- Department of Medical Life Science, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Etsuko Miyagi
- Yokohama City University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
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26
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Li Z, Xu Y, Wang Q, Xie C, Liu Y, Tu Z. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 induced hepatocellular carcinoma cell differentiation. Saudi J Biol Sci 2016; 24:95-102. [PMID: 28053577 PMCID: PMC5199000 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of over-expression of tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 (TFPI-2) on the differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells (Hep3B and HepG2). The TFPI-2 recombinant adenovirus (pAd-TFPI-2) was constructed using the pAdeasy-1 vector system. Transfected by pAd-TFPI-2, the cell proliferation of HCC cells was evaluated by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis and CD133 expression. Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression levels of markers of hepatocellular cancer stem cells (CSC) and hepatocytes. The over-expression of TFPI-2 significantly suppressed cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and dramatically decreased the percentage of CD133 cells, which was considered as CSC in HCC. Real-time PCR and Western blot showed that the expression of markers of CSC in Hep3B cells and HepG2 cells infected with pAd-TFPI-2 was markedly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05), while the expression of markers of hepatocytes was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Hence, TFPI-2 could induce the differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells into hepatocytes, and is expected to serve as a novel way for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Pingshan People's Hospital, Guangdong 518118, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Changli Xie
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yincui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhiguang Tu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Vymetalkova V, Vodicka P, Pardini B, Rosa F, Levy M, Schneiderova M, Liska V, Vodickova L, Nilsson TK, Farkas SA. Epigenome-wide analysis of DNA methylation reveals a rectal cancer-specific epigenomic signature. Epigenomics 2016; 8:1193-207. [DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the present study is to address a genome-wide search for novel methylation biomarkers in the rectal cancer (RC), as only scarce information on methylation profile is available. Materials & methods: We analyzed methylation status in 25 pairs of RC and adjacent healthy mucosa using the Illumina Human Methylation 450 BeadChip. Results: We found significantly aberrant methylation in 33 genes. After validation of our results by pyrosequencing, we found a good agreement with our findings. The BPIL3 and HBBP1 genes resulted hypomethylated in RC, whereas TIFPI2, ADHFE1, FLI1 and TLX1 were hypermethylated. An external validation by TCGA datasets confirmed the results. Conclusion: Our study, with external validation, has demonstrated the feasibility of using specific methylated DNA signatures for developing biomarkers in RC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Vymetalkova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology & Medical Genetics, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology & Medical Genetics, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | | | - Fabio Rosa
- Human Genetics Foundation, (HuGeF), Torino, Italy
| | - Miroslav Levy
- Department of Surgery, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University & Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Vaclav Liska
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Czech Republic
- Department of Surgery, Teaching Hospital & Medical School in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Vodickova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology & Medical Genetics, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | | | - Sanja A Farkas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Örebro University; Örebro, Sweden
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Whole-genome mutational landscape and characterization of noncoding and structural mutations in liver cancer. Nat Genet 2016; 48:500-9. [PMID: 27064257 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 507] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer, which is most often associated with virus infection, is prevalent worldwide, and its underlying etiology and genomic structure are heterogeneous. Here we provide a whole-genome landscape of somatic alterations in 300 liver cancers from Japanese individuals. Our comprehensive analysis identified point mutations, structural variations (STVs), and virus integrations, in noncoding and coding regions. We discovered mutational signatures related to liver carcinogenesis and recurrently mutated coding and noncoding regions, such as long intergenic noncoding RNA genes (NEAT1 and MALAT1), promoters, CTCF-binding sites, and regulatory regions. STV analysis found a significant association with replication timing and identified known (CDKN2A, CCND1, APC, and TERT) and new (ASH1L, NCOR1, and MACROD2) cancer-related genes that were recurrently affected by STVs, leading to altered expression. These results emphasize the value of whole-genome sequencing analysis in discovering cancer driver mutations and understanding comprehensive molecular profiles of liver cancer, especially with regard to STVs and noncoding mutations.
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Sun FK, Sun Q, Fan YC, Gao S, Zhao J, Li F, Jia YB, Liu C, Wang LY, Li XY, Ji XF, Wang K. Methylation of tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 as a prognostic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 31:484-92. [PMID: 26313014 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Methylation of tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI2) gene has been detected in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the clinicopathologcial significance and prognostic value of TFPI2 methylation in HCC remains largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of TFPI2 methylation in HCC after hepatectomy. METHODS Methylation status of TFPI2 gene was examined in 178 surgical specimens of HCC and 20 normal liver samples using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Methylation of TFPI2 gene was detected in 44.9% (80 of 178) of primary HCC samples, 10.7% (19 of 178) of the corresponding non-tumorous liver samples, and 5.0% (1/20) of the normal liver samples. The mRNA concentrations of TFPI2 in primary HCC tissues were significantly lower than those in corresponding non-tumorous liver tissues and those in normal liver tissues. TFPI2 methylation was significantly associated with higher TNM stage. Patients with TFPI2 methylation demonstrated a significantly poorer prognosis than those without TFPI2 methylation for both overall survival and disease-free survival (P < 0.001, respectively). Multivariate analyses confirmed that TFPI2 methylation was an independent prognostic factor for both overall survival (P = 0.002) and disease-free survival (P = 0.000) in HCC after hepatectomy. Moreover, TFPI2 methylation was found to be the only independent predictor for early tumor recurrence of HCC after resection based on multivariate analysis (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Methylation of TFPI2 predicts high risk of advanced tumor stage, early tumor recurrence, and poor prognosis, and it could be a potential prognostic biomarker in patients with HCC after hepatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Kai Sun
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yu-Chen Fan
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Hepatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yi-Bin Jia
- Department of Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Li-Yuan Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin-You Li
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiang-Fen Ji
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Hepatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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30
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Li YF, Hsiao YH, Lai YH, Chen YC, Chen YJ, Chou JL, Chan MWY, Lin YH, Tsou YA, Tsai MH, Tai CK. DNA methylation profiles and biomarkers of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Epigenetics 2015; 10:229-36. [PMID: 25612142 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2015.1006506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) constitutes >90% of oral cancers and is the sixth most common malignancy among males worldwide and the fourth leading cause of death due to cancer among males in Taiwan. However, most patients do not receive a diagnosis of OSCC until the late stages, which have a lower survival rate. The use of molecular marker analysis to identify early-stage OSCC would permit optimal timing for treatments and consequently prolong survival. The aim of this study was to identify biomarkers of OSCC using the Illumina GoldenGate Methylation Cancer Panel, which comprised a total of 1,505 CpG sites covering 807 genes. Samples of buccal mucosa resected from 40 OSCC patients and normal tissue samples obtained from 15 patients (normal mucosa from OSCC patients or from patients undergoing surgery unrelated to OSCC) were analyzed. Fms-related tyrosine kinase 4 (FLT4) methylation exhibited a perfect specificity for detecting OSCC, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.91 for both all-stage and early-stage OSCC. Methylation of 7 genes (ASCL1, FGF3, FLT4, GAS7, KDR, TERT, and TFPI2) constitutes the top-20 panels for detecting OSCC. The top-20 panels for detecting early-stage OSCC contain 8 genes: ADCYAP1, EPHA7, FLT4, GSTM2, KDR, MT1A, NPY, and TFPI2. FLT4 RNA expression and methylation level were validated using RT-PCR and a pyrosequencing methylation assay. The median level of FLT4 expression was 2.14-fold for normal relative to OSCC tissue samples (P < 0.0001). Among the 8 pyrosequenced FLT4 CpG sites, methylation level was much higher in the OSCC samples. In conclusion, methylation statuses of selected genes, and especially FLT4, KDR, and TFPI2, might be of great potential as biomarkers for early detection of buccal OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fen Li
- a Institute of Biostatistics; China Medical University ; Taichung , Taiwan
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31
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Yu J, Liu RL, Luo XP, Shi HM, Ma D, Pan JJ, Ni HC. Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor-2 Gene Polymorphisms Associate With Coronary Atherosclerosis in Chinese Population. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1675. [PMID: 26496276 PMCID: PMC4620828 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 (TFPI-2) may play critical roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between TFPI-2 gene polymorphisms and coronary atherosclerosis.Four hundred and seven patients with coronary atherosclerosis and 306 individuals with normal coronary artery were enrolled in the present study. Nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs3763473, rs59805398, rs60215632, rs59999573, rs59740167, rs34489123, rs4517, rs4264, and rs4271) were detected with polymerase chain reaction-direct sequencing method. Severity of coronary atherosclerosis was assessed by Gensini score. After the baseline investigation, patients with coronary atherosclerosis were followed up for incidence of cardiovascular events (CVEs).Eight SNPs were in accordance with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and 8 haplotypes were constructed based on rs59999573, rs59740167, and rs34489123 after linkage disequilibrium and haplotype analysis. Two SNPs (rs59805398 and rs34489123) and 5 haplotypes correlated with coronary atherosclerosis even after adjustment by Gensini score. At follow-up (median 53 months, range 1-60 months), 85 patients experienced CVE. However, there was no strong association between the gene polymorphisms and the occurrence of CVE.Tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 gene polymorphisms were associated with coronary atherosclerosis in the Chinese population, suggesting that the information about TFPI-2 gene polymorphisms was useful for assessing the risk of developing coronary atherosclerosis, but there was not enough evidence showing it could predict occurrence of CVE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yu
- From the Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China (JY, R-IL, X-PL, H-MS, J-JP, H-CN); and Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China (DM)
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Epigenetic regulation in hepatocellular carcinoma requires long noncoding RNAs. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:473942. [PMID: 25861629 PMCID: PMC4377435 DOI: 10.1155/2015/473942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence has proven the relevance of epigenetic changes in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the major adult liver malignancy. Moreover, HCC onset and progression correlate with the deregulation of several long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), exhibiting great biological significance. As discussed in this review, many of these transcripts are able to specifically act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes by means of their role as molecular platforms. Indeed, these lncRNAs are able to bind and recruit epigenetic modifiers on specific genomic loci, ultimately resulting in regulation of the gene expression relevant in cancer development. The evidence presented in this review highlights that lncRNAs-mediated epigenetic regulation should be taken into account for potential targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Zhu B, Zhang P, Zeng P, Huang Z, Dong TF, Gui YK, Zhang GW. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 silencing promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell invasion in vitro. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2014; 296:1708-16. [PMID: 24591127 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death in the world and metastasis is an essential aspect of HCC progression. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 (TFPI-2) has been implicated as a potential suppressor gene to regulate tumor invasion and metastasis. In this study, we silenced TFPI-2 in the HCC cell line MHCC97-L and evaluated the role of TFPI-2 in cell invasion and its impact on gene expression. We showed in this study that stable TFPI-2 downregulation in MHCC97-L cells resulted in increased cell adhesion and invasion. We also showed that mRNA and protein expression levels of MMP-1/3, CD44, and ICAM-1 were increased, while those of MMP-2/9 were not changed by TFPI-2 silencing. Furthermore, silencing of TFPI-2 caused increased Akt phosphorylation level and NF-κB transcription in MHCC97-L cells. In conclusion, this study confirms that TFPI-2 downregulation can contribute to tumor invasion of HCC cells through alteration in the expression of metastasis-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453100, China
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Anestopoulos I, Voulgaridou GP, Georgakilas AG, Franco R, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI. Epigenetic therapy as a novel approach in hepatocellular carcinoma. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 145:103-19. [PMID: 25205159 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver malignancy and one with high fatality. Its 5-year survival rate remains low and thus, there is a need for improvement of current treatment strategies as well as development of novel targeted methodologies in order to optimize existing therapeutic protocols. To this end, only recently, it was discovered that its pathophysiology also involves epigenetic alterations in DNA methylation, histone modifications and/or non-coding microRNA patterns. Unlike genetic events, epigenetic alterations are reversible and thus potentially considered to be an alternative option in cancer treatment protocols. In this review, we describe the general characteristics and resulted major alterations of the epigenetic machinery as well as current state of progress of epigenetic therapy (via different single or combinatorial experimental approaches) in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Anestopoulos
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- School of Applied Mathematical & Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- Redox Biology Center, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Lai YH, He RY, Chou JL, Chan MWY, Li YF, Tai CK. Promoter hypermethylation and silencing of tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Transl Med 2014; 12:237. [PMID: 25179542 PMCID: PMC4160550 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0237-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) following early detection is associated with good outcomes. Therefore, the survival and prognosis of OSCC patients could be hugely improved by identifying reliable biomarkers for the early diagnosis of the disease. Our previous methylation microarray analysis results have suggested that the gene encoding tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 (TFPI-2) is a potential clinical predictor as well as a key regulator involved in OSCC malignancy. Methods Methylation of the TFPI-2 promoter in oral tissue specimens was evaluated by bisulfite sequencing assay, quantitative methylation-specific PCR, and pyrosequencing assay. The differences in methylation levels among the groups were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was used to evaluate the discrimination ability for detecting OSCC. Cellular TFPI-2 expression was analyzed by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR before and after treatment with 5′-aza-2′-deoxycytidine and trichostatin A, to confirm whether TFPI-2 was epigenetically silenced in OSCC cells. We investigated whether TFPI-2 plays a role as a tumor suppressor by establishing TFPI-2-overexpressing OSCC cells and subjecting them to in vitro cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion assays, as well as an in vivo metastasis assay. Results TFPI-2 was hypermethylated in OSCC tissues versus normal oral tissues (P < 0.0001), with AUROC = 0.91, when using a pyrosequencing assay to quantify the methylation level. TFPI-2 silencing in OSCC was regulated by both DNA methylation and chromatin histone modification. Restoration of TFPI-2 counteracted the invasiveness of OSCC by inhibiting the enzymatic activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2, and consequently interfered with OSCC metastasis in vivo. Conclusions Our data suggest strongly that TFPI-2 is a down-regulated tumor suppressor gene in OSCC, probably involving epigenetic silencing mechanisms. The loss of TFPI-2 expression is a key event for oral tumorigenesis, especially in the process of tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yu-Fen Li
- Department of Life Science and Institutes of Molecular Biology and Biomedical Science, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.
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Su YH, Lin SY, Song W, Jain S. DNA markers in molecular diagnostics for hepatocellular carcinoma. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 14:803-17. [PMID: 25098554 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2014.946908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in the world, mainly due to the difficulty of early detection and limited therapeutic options. The implementation of HCC surveillance programs in well-defined, high-risk populations were only able to detect about 40-50% of HCC at curative stages (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stages 0 & 1) due to the low sensitivities of the current screening methods. The advance of sequencing technologies has identified numerous modifications as potential candidate DNA markers for diagnosis/surveillance. Here we aim to provide an overview of the DNA alterations that result in activation of cancer pathways known to potentially drive HCC carcinogenesis and to summarize performance characteristics of each DNA marker in the periphery (blood or urine) for HCC screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hsiu Su
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 3805 Old Easton Road, Philadelphia, PA 18902, USA
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Anwar SL, Lehmann U. DNA methylation, microRNAs, and their crosstalk as potential biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:7894-7913. [PMID: 24976726 PMCID: PMC4069317 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i24.7894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations have been identified as a major characteristic in human cancers. Advances in the field of epigenetics have contributed significantly in refining our knowledge of molecular mechanisms underlying malignant transformation. DNA methylation and microRNA expression are epigenetic mechanisms that are widely altered in human cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the third leading cause of cancer related mortality worldwide. Both DNA methylation and microRNA expression patterns are regulated in developmental stage specific-, cell type specific- and tissue-specific manner. The aberrations are inferred in the maintenance of cancer stem cells and in clonal cell evolution during carcinogenesis. The availability of genome-wide technologies for DNA methylation and microRNA profiling has revolutionized the field of epigenetics and led to the discovery of a number of epigenetically silenced microRNAs in cancerous cells and primary tissues. Dysregulation of these microRNAs affects several key signalling pathways in hepatocarcinogenesis suggesting that modulation of DNA methylation and/or microRNA expression can serve as new therapeutic targets for HCC. Accumulative evidence shows that aberrant DNA methylation of certain microRNA genes is an event specifically found in HCC which correlates with unfavorable outcomes. Therefore, it can potentially serve as a biomarker for detection as well as for prognosis, monitoring and predicting therapeutic responses in HCC.
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Ferraresso S, Bresolin S, Aricò A, Comazzi S, Gelain ME, Riondato F, Bargelloni L, Marconato L, te Kronnie G, Aresu L. Epigenetic silencing of TFPI-2 in canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92707. [PMID: 24695110 PMCID: PMC3973630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are important early events during carcinogenesis. In particular, hypermethylation of CpG islands in the promoter region of tumor suppressor genes is a well-known mechanism of gene silencing that contributes to cancer development and progression. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI-2) is a tumor suppressor involved in invasiveness inhibition. Although TFPI-2 transcriptional silencing, through promoter hypermethylation, has been widely reported in several human malignancies, it has never been explored in lymphoma. In the present study TFPI-2 methylation and gene expression have been investigated in canine Diffuse Large B-cell lymphomas (cDLBCL). The methylation level of 23 CpGs located within the TFPI-2 promoter was investigated by bisulfite-specific PCR and next generation amplicon deep sequencing (GS Junior 454, Roche) in 22 cDLBCLs and 9 controls. For the same specimens, TFPI-2 gene expression was assessed by means of Real-time RT-PCR. Sequence analysis clearly demonstrated that TFPI2 is frequently hypermethylated in cDLBCL. Hypermethylation of the TFPI-2 promoter was found in 77% of DLBCLs (17 out of 22) and in one normal lymph node. Globally, dogs with DLBCL showed a mean methylation level significantly increased compared to controls (p<0.01) and analysis of hypermethylation by site identified 19 loci out of 23 (82%) with mean methylation levels from 2- to 120-fold higher in cDLBCL. Gene expression analysis confirmed a significant down-regulation of TFPI-2 (p<0.05) in DLBCLs compared with normal lymph nodes, suggesting that TFPI-2 hypermethylation negatively regulates its transcription. In addition, a significant positive correlation (p<0.01) was found between TFPI-2 methylation levels and age providing the first indication of age-associated epigenetic modifications in canine DLBCL. To conclude, our findings demonstrated that epigenetic dysregulation of TFPI-2, leading to its reduced expression, is frequently detected in canine DLBCL. In the next future, the aberrant TFPI-2 promoter hypermethylation may be considered in association with prognosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Ferraresso
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Bresolin
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Arianna Aricò
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Comazzi
- Department of Animal Pathology Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Gelain
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Fulvio Riondato
- Department Veterinary Science, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Bargelloni
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Geertruy te Kronnie
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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The role of tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 in malignant transformation of sinonasal inverted papilloma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 271:2191-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-013-2840-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Duan X, Zhang J, Liu S, Zhang M, Wang Q, Cheng J. Methylation of nucleolar and coiled-body phosphoprotein 1 is associated with the mechanism of tumorigenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:2220-8. [PMID: 23970161 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleolar and coiled-body phosphoprotein 1 (NOLC1) plays an essential role in the synthesis of rRNA and the biosynthesis of ribosomes. Previous studies suggest that NOLC1 is crucial for normal cell growth, and plays a role in the regulation of tumorigenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and demonstrate that both NOLC1 and tumor protein 53 work synergistically to activate the MDM2 promoter in NPC cells. Yet, the functioning of NOLC1 in liver cancer remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to understand how the NOLC1 gene is regulated in liver carcinogenesis. In this study, we showed that NOLC1 was silenced or downregulated in liver tumor tissues when compared with that in the matched non-cancer tissues. In addition, human hepatoma cells weakly expressed NOLC1, whereas cultured human normal liver cell lines expressed abundant levels. The hypermethylation status in the promoter CpG1 start region appeared to be correlated with the NOLC1 expression levels in liver cell lines or liver normal and tissue specimens. We found that four CpG dinucleotides were located at the CpG1 start region. Further molecular analysis of mutagenesis indicated that the four CpG dinucleotides play a role in the promoter activity of the NOLC1 gene. The expression of NOLC1 and DNA methylation of its promoter affected cell proliferation and apoptosis. The expression of NOLC1 in hepatoma cell lines was restored following exposure to the demethylation agent, 5-azacytidine. Low expression of NOLC1 in hepatoma cell lines and liver cancer tissues was associated with cyclin D3. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that DNA methylation is a key mechanism of silenced NOLC1 expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and NOLC1 gene hypermethylation of the four CpG dinucleotides is a potential biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Duan
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
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Cruickshanks HA, Vafadar-Isfahani N, Dunican DS, Lee A, Sproul D, Lund JN, Meehan RR, Tufarelli C. Expression of a large LINE-1-driven antisense RNA is linked to epigenetic silencing of the metastasis suppressor gene TFPI-2 in cancer. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:6857-69. [PMID: 23703216 PMCID: PMC3737543 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
LINE-1 retrotransposons are abundant repetitive elements of viral origin, which in normal cells are kept quiescent through epigenetic mechanisms. Activation of LINE-1 occurs frequently in cancer and can enable LINE-1 mobilization but also has retrotransposition-independent consequences. We previously reported that in cancer, aberrantly active LINE-1 promoters can drive transcription of flanking unique sequences giving rise to LINE-1 chimeric transcripts (LCTs). Here, we show that one such LCT, LCT13, is a large transcript (>300 kb) running antisense to the metastasis-suppressor gene TFPI-2. We have modelled antisense RNA expression at TFPI-2 in transgenic mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and demonstrate that antisense RNA induces silencing and deposition of repressive histone modifications implying a causal link. Consistent with this, LCT13 expression in breast and colon cancer cell lines is associated with silencing and repressive chromatin at TFPI-2. Furthermore, we detected LCT13 transcripts in 56% of colorectal tumours exhibiting reduced TFPI-2 expression. Our findings implicate activation of LINE-1 elements in subsequent epigenetic remodelling of surrounding genes, thus hinting a novel retrotransposition-independent role for LINE-1 elements in malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel A. Cruickshanks
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK, School of Graduate Entry Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby DE22 3DT, UK, MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK, Breakthrough Research Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK and Centre for Genetics and Genomics, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Natasha Vafadar-Isfahani
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK, School of Graduate Entry Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby DE22 3DT, UK, MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK, Breakthrough Research Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK and Centre for Genetics and Genomics, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Donncha S. Dunican
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK, School of Graduate Entry Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby DE22 3DT, UK, MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK, Breakthrough Research Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK and Centre for Genetics and Genomics, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Andy Lee
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK, School of Graduate Entry Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby DE22 3DT, UK, MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK, Breakthrough Research Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK and Centre for Genetics and Genomics, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Duncan Sproul
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK, School of Graduate Entry Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby DE22 3DT, UK, MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK, Breakthrough Research Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK and Centre for Genetics and Genomics, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jonathan N. Lund
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK, School of Graduate Entry Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby DE22 3DT, UK, MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK, Breakthrough Research Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK and Centre for Genetics and Genomics, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Richard R. Meehan
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK, School of Graduate Entry Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby DE22 3DT, UK, MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK, Breakthrough Research Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK and Centre for Genetics and Genomics, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Cristina Tufarelli
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK, School of Graduate Entry Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby DE22 3DT, UK, MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK, Breakthrough Research Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK and Centre for Genetics and Genomics, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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Lavergne M, Jourdan ML, Blechet C, Guyetant S, Pape AL, Heuze-Vourc'h N, Courty Y, Lerondel S, Sobilo J, Iochmann S, Reverdiau P. Beneficial role of overexpression of TFPI-2 on tumour progression in human small cell lung cancer. FEBS Open Bio 2013; 3:291-301. [PMID: 23905012 PMCID: PMC3722576 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 (TFPI-2) is a potent inhibitor of plasmin, a protease which is involved in tumour progression by activating (MMPs). This therefore makes TFPI-2 a potential inhibitor of invasiveness and the development of metastases. In this study, low levels of TFPI-2 expression were found in 65% of patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC), the most aggressive type of lung cancer. To study the impact of TFPI-2 in tumour progression, TFPI-2 was overexpressed in NCI-H209 SCLC cells which were orthotopically implanted in nude mice. Investigations showed that TFPI-2 inhibited lung tumour growth. Such inhibition could be explained in vitro by a decrease in tumour cell viability, blockade of G1/S phase cell cycle transition and an increase in apoptosis shown in NCI-H209 cells expressing TFPI-2. We also demonstrated that TFPI-2 upregulation in NCI-H209 cells decreased MMP expression, particularly by downregulating MMP-1 and MMP-3. Moreover, TFPI-2 inhibited phosphorylation of the MAPK signalling pathway proteins involved in the induction of MMP transcripts, among which MMP-1 was predominant in SCLC tissues and was inversely expressed with TFPI-2 in 35% of cases. These results suggest that downregulation of TFPI-2 expression could favour the development of SCLC. The Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor-2 inhibits small cell lung cancer growth Monitoring of small cell lung cancer growth in a mouse orthotopic model by imaging Increasing information on the role of TFPI-2 in human lung tumour cells Increasing information on TFPI-2 and protease expression in human tissue samples
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Lavergne
- EA 6305, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours F-37032, France ; Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, UMR 1100/EA6305, Tours F-37032, France
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43
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Au SLK, Ng IOL, Wong CM. Epigenetic dysregulation in hepatocellular carcinoma: focus on polycomb group proteins. Front Med 2013; 7:231-41. [PMID: 23620257 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-013-0253-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development is characterized by the presence of epigenetic alterations, including promoter DNA hypermethylation and post-translational modifications of histone, which profoundly affect expression of a wide repertoire of genes critical for cancer development. Emerging data suggest that deregulation of polycomb group (PcG) proteins, which are key chromatin modifiers repressing gene transcription during developmental stage, plays a causative role in oncogenesis. PcG proteins assemble into polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) and polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) to impose the histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) modification for repression. In this review, we will first recapitulate the mechanisms of two key epigenetic pathways: DNA methylation and histone modifications. Specifically, we will focus our discussion on the molecular roles of PcG proteins. Next, we will highlight recent findings on PcG proteins, their clinicopathological implication and their downstream molecular consequence in hepatocarcinogenesis. Last but not least, we will consider the therapeutic potential of targeting enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) as a possible treatment for HCC. Improving our understanding on the roles of PcG proteins in hepatocarcinogenesis can benefit the development of epigenetic-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Leung-Kuen Au
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research and Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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44
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Sun FK, Fan YC, Zhao J, Zhang F, Gao S, Zhao ZH, Sun Q, Wang K. Detection of TFPI2 methylation in the serum of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Dig Dis Sci 2013; 58:1010-5. [PMID: 23108564 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-012-2462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation plays a key role in hepatocellular carcinogenesis and progression. Analysis of aberrant methylation in serum DNA might provide a strategy for noninvasive detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS To explore the feasibility of this approach, we compared TFPI2 methylation status in serum samples of HCC, chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and normal control groups using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Our results showed that the percentage of serum TFPI2 promoter methylation was significantly higher in the HCC group (46.5 %, 20/43) compared with the CHB group (16.7 %, 4/24; p = 0.015) and the normal control group (19.2 %, 5/26; p = 0.022), respectively, indicating that TFPI2 methylation frequently existed in the serum of HCC patients. In our study, the detection rate of HCC using serum TFPI2 methylation was 46.5 % (20/43), which was quite close to the reported detection rate of α-fetoprotein (54 %). In cases where we combined both markers, the detection rate was 61.0 %, suggesting that serum TFPI2 methylation could be used as a potential marker for noninvasive detection of HCC. Then, we evaluated the correlation between the serum TFPI2 methylation status of HCC patients and their clinicopathological parameters. Patients with advanced TNM stage (III-IV) showed a significantly elevated serum methylation percentage of TFPI2 in comparison with those with early TNM stage (I-II) (p = 0.025). Moreover, TFPI2 methylation was observed more frequently according to the progression of TNM stage. CONCLUSIONS Our present study suggested that TFPI2 methylation in serum tended to be detected more easily in patients with advanced HCC and might be used as a predictor of HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Kai Sun
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 107#, Jinan 250012, China
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45
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Fan DNY, Tsang FHC, Tam AHK, Au SLK, Wong CCL, Wei L, Lee JMF, He X, Ng IOL, Wong CM. Histone lysine methyltransferase, suppressor of variegation 3-9 homolog 1, promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression and is negatively regulated by microRNA-125b. Hepatology 2013; 57:637-47. [PMID: 22991213 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major liver malignancy. We previously demonstrated that deregulation of epigenetic regulators is a common event in human HCC. Suppressor of variegation 3-9 homolog 1 (SUV39H1), the prototype of histone methyltransferase, is the major enzyme responsible for histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation, which, essentially, is involved in heterochromatin formation, chromosome segregation, and mitotic progression. However, the implication of SUV39H1 in hepatocarcinogenesis remains elusive. In this study, we found that SUV39H1 was frequently up-regulated in human HCCs and was significantly associated with increased Ki67 expression (P < 0.001) and the presence of venous invasion (P = 0.017). To investigate the role of SUV39H1 in HCC development, both gain- and loss-of-function models were established. SUV39H1 overexpression remarkably enhanced HCC cell clonogenicity, whereas knockdown of SUV39H1 substantially suppressed HCC cell proliferation and induced cell senescence. In addition, ectopic expression of SUV39H1 increased the migratory ability of HCC cells, whereas a reduced migration rate was observed in SUV39H1 knockdown cells. The significance of SUV39H1 in HCC was further demonstrated in a nude mice model; SUV39H1 knockdown drastically inhibited in vivo tumorigenicity and abolished pulmonary metastasis of HCC cells. We also identified microRNA-125b (miR-125b) as a post-transcriptional regulator of SUV39H1. Ectopic expression of miR-125b inhibited SUV39H1 3'-untranslated-region-coupled luciferase activity and suppressed endogenous SUV39H1 expression at both messenger RNA and protein levels. We have previously reported frequent down-regulation of miR-125b in HCC. Interestingly, miR-125b level was found to be inversely correlated with SUV39H1 expression (P = 0.001) in clinical specimens. Our observations suggested that miR-125b down-regulation may account for the aberrant SUV39H1 level in HCC. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that SUV39H1 up-regulation contributed to HCC development and metastasis. The tumor-suppressive miR-125b served as a negative regulator of SUV39H1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy Ngo-Yin Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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46
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Lu F, Hou YQ, Song Y, Yuan ZJ. TFPI-2 downregulates multidrug resistance protein in 5-FU-resistant human hepatocellular carcinoma BEL-7402/5-FU cells. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2012; 296:56-63. [PMID: 23125179 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 (TFPI-2) is known to induce apoptosis and to suppress tumor metastasis in several types of cancer cells. However, there is little known about its reversal effect on chemoresistant tumor cells. This study investigated the effect of TFPI-2 in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-resistant human hepatocellular cancer BEL-7402/5-FU cells in vitro. We constructed TFPI-2 overexpression BEL-7402/5-FU cell lines and explored resistance index (RI) of 5-FU, function of the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux pump, and the mRNA and protein expression of drug resistance gene, including multidrug resistance gene (MDR1), lung-resistance protein (LRP), multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1), glutathione-S-transferase-π (GST-π), excision repair cross-complementing gene 1 (ERCC1), and p38 phosphorylation. We found that TFPI-2 improved the RI of 5-FU and inhibited P-gp function. Western blotting and real-time PCR revealed that TFPI-2 also decreased mRNA and protein expression of MDR1, LRP, MRP1, GST-π, and ERCC1, whereas p38 phosphorylation was increased. We considered that TFPI-2 reduces 5-FU resistance in BEL-7402/5-FU cells, and the mechanism appears to involve p38-mediated downregulation of drug resistance gene expression such as MDR1, LRP, MRP1, GST-π, and ERCC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Lu
- Microsurgical Ward Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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Wong JC, Tang G, Wu X, Liang C, Zhang Z, Guo L, Peng Z, Zhang W, Lin X, Wang Z, Mei J, Chen J, Pan S, Zhang N, Liu Y, Zhou M, Feng L, Zhao W, Li S, Zhang C, Zhang M, Rong Y, Jin TG, Zhang X, Ren S, Ji Y, Zhao R, She J, Ren Y, Xu C, Chen D, Cai J, Shan S, Pan D, Ning Z, Lu X, Chen T, He Y, Chen L. Pharmacokinetic optimization of class-selective histone deacetylase inhibitors and identification of associated candidate predictive biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma tumor response. J Med Chem 2012; 55:8903-25. [PMID: 23061376 DOI: 10.1021/jm3011838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the pharmacokinetic optimization of a series of class-selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors and the subsequent identification of candidate predictive biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor response for our clinical lead using patient-derived HCC tumor xenograft models. Through a combination of conformational constraint and scaffold hopping, we lowered the in vivo clearance (CL) and significantly improved the bioavailability (F) and exposure (AUC) of our HDAC inhibitors while maintaining selectivity toward the class I HDAC family with particular potency against HDAC1, resulting in clinical lead 5 (HDAC1 IC₅₀ = 60 nM, mouse CL = 39 mL/min/kg, mouse F = 100%, mouse AUC after single oral dose at 10 mg/kg = 6316 h·ng/mL). We then evaluated 5 in a biomarker discovery pilot study using patient-derived tumor xenograft models, wherein two out of the three models responded to treatment. By comparing tumor response status to compound tumor exposure, induction of acetylated histone H3, candidate gene expression changes, and promoter DNA methylation status from all three models at various time points, we identified preliminary candidate response prediction biomarkers that warrant further validation in a larger cohort of patient-derived tumor models and through confirmatory functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Wong
- Roche R&D Center-China Ltd., 720 Cai Lun Road, Building 5, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.
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Epigenetic control of metastasis-associated protein 1 gene expression by hepatitis B virus X protein during hepatocarcinogenesis. Oncogenesis 2012; 1:e25. [PMID: 23552838 PMCID: PMC3503295 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2012.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1) gene correlates with the degree of invasion and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Expression of MTA1 is induced by hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx); however, little is known about the transcriptional regulation of MTA1 gene expression. Here, we report that the 5′-flanking region of the human MTA1 promoter contains two CpG islands. Transient expression of HBx in Chang liver cells increased the methylation of the CpG island1 from 18 to 49% when measured by bisulfite-modified direct sequencing. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that HBx recruited DNA methyltransferase 3a (DNMT3a) and DNMT3b to the CpG island1. In silico analysis of CpG island1 predicted the existence of putative p53-binding sequences. p53 was pulled down by a DNA probe encoding the p53-binding sequences but not by the methylated DNA probe. The mouse MTA1 promoter also contains a CpG island encoding a p53-binding sequence of which p53 binding was decreased in the presence of HBx, and the expression of MTA1 and DNMT3 was increased in the liver of HBx-transgenic mice. Comparison of MTA1 and DNMT3a expression in the human normal liver and HCC specimens produced a significant correlation coefficient >0.5 (r=0.5686, P=0.0001) for DNMT3a, and a marginally significant coefficient (r=0.3162, P=0.0103) for DNMT3b. These data show that HBx induces methylation of CpG island in the MTA1 promoter, which interferes with DNA binding of p53 in the specific DNA region. This result may explain the molecular mechanism responsible for the induction of MTA1 gene expression by HBx.
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Jia Y, Yang Y, Brock MV, Cao B, Zhan Q, Li Y, Yu Y, Herman JG, Guo M. Methylation of TFPI-2 is an early event of esophageal carcinogenesis. Epigenomics 2012; 4:135-46. [PMID: 22449186 DOI: 10.2217/epi.12.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To explore the epigenetic changes and the function of TFPI-2 in esophageal cancer. MATERIALS & METHODS Nine esophageal cancer cell lines, nine normal esophageal mucosa, 60 esophageal dysplasia and 106 advanced esophageal cancer samples were included in this study. TFPI-2 methylation was examined by methylation-specific PCR. TFPI-2 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in tissue samples. The effect of TFPI-2 on proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration was analyzed by colony formation assay, western blot assay, transwell assay and flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS TFPI-2 expression was regulated by promoter region hypermethylation in human esophageal cancer cell lines, and TFPI-2 expression is inversely correlated with methylation in primary cancer. Methylation was found in 28.2, 33.3 and 33.3% of grade 1, 2 and 3 esophageal dysplasia, and 67% of primary esophageal cancer, but no methylation was found in normal mucosa. Methylation is significantly related to tumor differentiation. Inhibition of invasion, migration, colony formation and proliferation, and induction of apoptosis occurred with the restoration of TFPI-2 expression in the KYSE70 cell line. CONCLUSION TFPI-2 is frequently methylated in esophageal cancer with a progression tendency. TFPI-2 is a potential tumor suppressor in esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
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Actions of the Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor Amblyomin-X on VEGF-A-induced angiogenesis. Toxicon 2012; 60:333-40. [PMID: 22575283 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.04.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Amblyomin-X is a Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor (Kunitz-type SPI) designed from the cDNA library of the Amblyomma cajennense tick, which displays in vivo anti-tumor activities. Here, the mechanisms of actions of Amblyomin-X in vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A)-induced angiogenesis were characterized. Topical application of Amblyomin-X (10 or 100 ng/10 μl; each 48 h) inhibited VEGF-A-induced (10 ng/10 μl; each 48 h) angiogenesis in the dorsal subcutaneous tissue in male Swiss mice. Moreover, similar effect was observed in the VEGF-A-induced angiogenesis in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Additional in vitro assays in t-End cells showed that Amblyomin-X treatment delayed the cell cycle, by maintaining them in G0/G1 phase, and inhibited cell proliferation and adhesion, tube formation and membrane expression of the adhesion molecule platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), regardless of mRNA synthesis. Together, results herein reveal the role of Kunitz-type SPI on in vivo VEGF-A-induced angiogenesis, by exerting modulatory actions on endothelial cell proliferation and adhesion, especially on membrane expression of PECAM-1. These data provide further mechanisms of actions of Kunitz-type SPI, corroborating their relevance as scientific tools in the design of therapeutic molecules.
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