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Rusakova IL, Rusakov YY, Krivdin LB. Computational 199 Hg NMR. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2022; 60:929-953. [PMID: 35737297 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical background and fundamental results dealing with the computation of mercury chemical shifts and spin-spin coupling constants are reviewed with a special emphasis on their stereochemical behavior and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina L Rusakova
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Yuriy Yu Rusakov
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Leonid B Krivdin
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
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2
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Quantum Chemical Approaches to the Calculation of NMR Parameters: From Fundamentals to Recent Advances. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry8050050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Quantum chemical methods for the calculation of indirect NMR spin–spin coupling constants and chemical shifts are always in progress. They never stay the same due to permanently developing computational facilities, which open new perspectives and create new challenges every now and then. This review starts from the fundamentals of the nonrelativistic and relativistic theory of nuclear magnetic resonance parameters, and gradually moves towards the discussion of the most popular common and newly developed methodologies for quantum chemical modeling of NMR spectra.
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Rusakova IL, Rusakov YY. Quantum chemical calculations of 77 Se and 125 Te nuclear magnetic resonance spectral parameters and their structural applications. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2021; 59:359-407. [PMID: 33095923 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An accurate quantum chemical (QC) modeling of 77 Se and 125 Te nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra is deeply involved in the NMR structural assignment for selenium and tellurium compounds that are of utmost importance both in organic and inorganic chemistry nowadays due to their huge application potential in many fields, like biology, medicine, and metallurgy. The main interest of this review is focused on the progress in QC computations of 77 Se and 125 Te NMR chemical shifts and indirect spin-spin coupling constants involving these nuclei. Different computational methodologies that have been used to simulate the NMR spectra of selenium and tellurium compounds since the middle of the 1990s are discussed with a strong emphasis on their accuracy. A special accent is placed on the calculations resorting to the relativistic methodologies, because taking into account the relativistic effects appreciably influences the precision of NMR calculations of selenium and, especially, tellurium compounds. Stereochemical applications of quantum chemical calculations of 77 Se and 125 Te NMR parameters are discussed so as to exemplify the importance of integrated approach of experimental and computational NMR techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina L Rusakova
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Yuriy Yu Rusakov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
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4
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Lu J, Scheiner S. Relationships between Bond Strength and Spectroscopic Quantities in H-Bonds and Related Halogen, Chalcogen, and Pnicogen Bonds. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:7716-7725. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c05936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University , Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University , Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
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Vı́cha J, Novotný J, Komorovsky S, Straka M, Kaupp M, Marek R. Relativistic Heavy-Neighbor-Atom Effects on NMR Shifts: Concepts and Trends Across the Periodic Table. Chem Rev 2020; 120:7065-7103. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Vı́cha
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlı́n, tř. Tomáše Bati 5678, CZ-76001 Zlı́n, Czechia
| | - Jan Novotný
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czechia
| | - Stanislav Komorovsky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84536 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Straka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-16610 Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Radek Marek
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czechia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czechia
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Steller BG, Fischer RC. Selective Preparation of Sterically Encumbered Diaryltin Dihalides from Grignard Reagents via Salt Metathesis and Halide Exchange. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beate G. Steller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Graz University of Technology Stremayrgasse 9/V 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Roland C. Fischer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Graz University of Technology Stremayrgasse 9/V 8010 Graz Austria
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7
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Relativistic effects in the NMR spectra of compounds containing heavy chalcogens. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Repisky M, Komorovsky S, Bast R, Ruud K. Relativistic Calculations of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Parameters. GAS PHASE NMR 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782623816-00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Relativistic effects are important for the accurate evaluation of the observables of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, the nuclear magnetic shielding and the indirect spin–spin coupling tensors. Some of the most notable relativistic effects, in particular for light elements in the vicinity of heavy nuclei, are due to spin–orbit effects, an effect difficult to evaluate when starting from a non-relativistic wavefunction. Two- and four-component relativistic methods include spin–orbit effects variationally, and the recent improvements in the computational efficiency of these methods open new opportunities for accurate calculations of NMR parameters also for molecules with heavy elements. We here present an overview of the different approximations that have been introduced for calculating relativistic effects with two- and four-component methods and how these methods can be used to calculate the NMR parameters. We will also give some examples of systems that have been studied computationally with two- and four-component relativistic methods and discuss the importance of relativistic effects on the shielding and indirect spin–spin coupling constants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Repisky
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (CTCC), Department of Chemistry UiT The Arctic University of Norway N-9037 Tromsø Norway
| | - Stanislav Komorovsky
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (CTCC), Department of Chemistry UiT The Arctic University of Norway N-9037 Tromsø Norway
| | - Radovan Bast
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (CTCC), Department of Chemistry UiT The Arctic University of Norway N-9037 Tromsø Norway
| | - Kenneth Ruud
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (CTCC), Department of Chemistry UiT The Arctic University of Norway N-9037 Tromsø Norway
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9
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Alkan F, Dybowski C. Chemical-shift tensors of heavy nuclei in network solids: a DFT/ZORA investigation of 207Pb chemical-shift tensors using the bond-valence method. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:25014-26. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03348a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Accurate computation of 207Pb magnetic shielding principal components is within the reach of quantum chemistry methods by employing relativistic ZORA/DFT and cluster models adapted from the bond valence model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahri Alkan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
| | - C. Dybowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
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10
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Autschbach J. Relativistic calculations of magnetic resonance parameters: background and some recent developments. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2014; 372:20120489. [PMID: 24516182 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2012.0489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This article outlines some basic concepts of relativistic quantum chemistry and recent developments of relativistic methods for the calculation of the molecular properties that define the basic parameters of magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques, i.e. nuclear magnetic resonance shielding, indirect nuclear spin-spin coupling and electric field gradients (nuclear quadrupole coupling), as well as with electron paramagnetic resonance g-factors and electron-nucleus hyperfine coupling. Density functional theory (DFT) has been very successful in molecular property calculations, despite a number of problems related to approximations in the functionals. In particular, for heavy-element systems, the large electron count and the need for a relativistic treatment often render the application of correlated wave function ab initio methods impracticable. Selected applications of DFT in relativistic calculation of magnetic resonance parameters are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, , Buffalo, NY 14260-3000, USA
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11
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Autschbach J. Relativistic Effects on NMR Parameters. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, CONDENSED MATTER & BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-59411-2.00004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Abstract
This perspective article discusses some broadly-known and some less broadly-known consequences of Einstein's special relativity in quantum chemistry, and provides a brief outline of the theoretical methods currently in use, along with a discussion of recent developments and selected applications. The treatment of the electron correlation problem in relativistic quantum chemistry methods, and expanding the reach of the available relativistic methods to calculate all kinds of energy derivative properties, in particular spectroscopic and magnetic properties, requires on-going efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA.
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13
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Vícha J, Demo G, Marek R. Platinum-Modified Adenines: Unprecedented Protonation Behavior Revealed by NMR Spectroscopy and Relativistic Density-Functional Theory Calculations. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:1371-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ic201595e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Vícha
- National Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty
of Science and Central European Institute of Technology-CEITEC, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A4, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech
Republic
| | - Gabriel Demo
- National Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty
of Science and Central European Institute of Technology-CEITEC, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A4, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech
Republic
| | - Radek Marek
- National Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty
of Science and Central European Institute of Technology-CEITEC, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A4, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech
Republic
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15
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Olejniczak M, Bast R, Saue T, Pecul M. A simple scheme for magnetic balance in four-component relativistic Kohn–Sham calculations of nuclear magnetic resonance shielding constants in a Gaussian basis. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:014108. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3671390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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16
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Bast R, Ekström U, Gao B, Helgaker T, Ruud K, Thorvaldsen AJ. The ab initio calculation of molecular electric, magnetic and geometric properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:2627-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01647k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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17
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Cheng L, Xiao Y, Liu W. Four-component relativistic theory for nuclear magnetic shielding: magnetically balanced gauge-including atomic orbitals. J Chem Phys 2010; 131:244113. [PMID: 20059060 DOI: 10.1063/1.3283036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
It is recognized only recently that the incorporation of the magnetic balance condition is absolutely essential for four-component relativistic theories of magnetic properties. Another important issue to be handled is the so-called gauge problem in calculations of, e.g., molecular magnetic shielding tensors with finite bases. It is shown here that the magnetic balance can be adapted to distributed gauge origins, leading to, e.g., magnetically balanced gauge-including atomic orbitals (MB-GIAOs) in which each magnetically balanced atomic orbital has its own local gauge origin placed on its center. Such a MB-GIAO scheme can be combined with any level of theory for electron correlation. The first implementation is done here at the coupled-perturbed Dirac-Kohn-Sham level. The calculated molecular magnetic shielding tensors are not only independent of the choice of gauge origin but also converge rapidly to the basis set limit. Close inspections reveal that (zeroth order) negative energy states are only important for the expansion of first order electronic core orbitals. Their contributions to the paramagnetism are therefore transferable from atoms to molecule and are essentially canceled out for chemical shifts. This allows for simplifications of the coupled-perturbed equations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, State College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, and Center for Computational Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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18
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Gerothanassis IP. Oxygen-17 NMR spectroscopy: basic principles and applications (part I). PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2010; 56:95-197. [PMID: 20633350 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2009.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis P Gerothanassis
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina GR-451 10, Greece.
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19
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Relativistic Effects on Magnetic Resonance Parameters and Other Properties of Inorganic Molecules and Metal Complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-9975-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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20
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Aucar GA, Romero RH, Maldonado AF. Polarization propagators: A powerful theoretical tool for a deeper understanding of NMR spectroscopic parameters. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/01442350903432865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Iliaš M, Saue T, Enevoldsen T, Jensen HJA. Gauge origin independent calculations of nuclear magnetic shieldings in relativistic four-component theory. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:124119. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3240198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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22
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MOORE EA. Relativistic chemical shielding: formally exact solutions for one—electron atoms of maximum total angular momentum for any principal quantum number. Mol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00268979909482838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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PYPER NC. Relativistic theory of nuclear shielding in one-electron atoms 1. Theoretical foundations and first-order terms. Mol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00268979909482839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Maldonado AF, Aucar GA. The UKB prescription and the heavy atom effects on the nuclear magnetic shielding of vicinal heavy atoms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:5615-27. [DOI: 10.1039/b820609k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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25
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Casabianca LB, de Dios AC. Ab initiocalculations of NMR chemical shifts. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:052201. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2816784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Autschbach J, Zheng S. Analyzing Pt chemical shifts calculated from relativistic density functional theory using localized orbitals: the role of Pt 5d lone pairs. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2008; 46 Suppl 1:S45-S55. [PMID: 18855339 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Pt chemical shifts were calculated from two-component relativistic density functional theory (DFT). The shielding tensors were analyzed by using a recently developed method to decompose the spin-orbit DFT results into contributions from spin-free localized orbitals (here: natural localized molecular orbitals (NLMOs) and natural bond orbitals (NBOs)). Seven chemical shifts in six Pt complexes with Pt oxidation states II, III, and IV; and halide, amino, and amidate ligands were analyzed, with particular focus on the role of nonbonding Pt 5d orbitals. A simple d-orbital 'rotation' model has been used to rationalize some of the observed trends such as the main difference between Pt(II) and Pt(IV) chemical shifts. The localized orbital analysis data showed that most of this difference as well as trends among different Pt complexes with similar coordination can be rationalized by comparing properties of the nonbonding Pt 5d orbitals. We have also analyzed the spin-orbit effects on the chemical shifts of [PtCl4](2-) compared to [PtBr4](2-).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260-3000, USA.
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Maldonado A, Aucar GA. The appearance of an interval of energies that contain the whole diamagnetic contribution to NMR magnetic shieldings. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:154115. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2787003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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28
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Ootani Y, Maeda H, Fukui H. Decoupling of the Dirac equation correct to the third order for the magnetic perturbation. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:084117. [PMID: 17764239 DOI: 10.1063/1.2759199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A two-component relativistic theory accurately decoupling the positive and negative states of the Dirac Hamiltonian that includes magnetic perturbations is derived. The derived theory eliminates all of the odd terms originating from the nuclear attraction potential V and the first-order odd terms originating from the magnetic vector potential A, which connect the positive states to the negative states. The electronic energy obtained by the decoupling is correct to the third order with respect to A due to the (2n+1) rule. The decoupling is exact for the magnetic shielding calculation. However, the calculation of the diamagnetic property requires both the positive and negative states of the unperturbed (A=0) Hamiltonian. The derived theory is applied to the relativistic calculation of nuclear magnetic shielding tensors of HX (X=F,Cl,Br,I) systems at the Hartree-Fock level. The results indicate that such a substantially exact decoupling calculation well reproduces the four-component Dirac-Hartree-Fock results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ootani
- Kitami Institute of Technology, 165 Koencho, Kitami 090-8507, Japan
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29
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A joined theoretical–experimental investigation on the 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts of chloro-alkenes. Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Yoshizawa T, Hada M. Calculations of frequency-dependent molecular magnetizabilities with quasi-relativistic time-dependent generalized unrestricted Hartree–Fock method. J Comput Chem 2007; 28:740-7. [PMID: 17226833 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.20569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The time-dependent generalized unrestricted Hartree-Fock (TDGUHF) method combined with a two-component quasi-relativistic Hamiltonian generated from the Douglas-Kroll-Hess (DKH) transformation was developed to calculate frequency-dependent molecular magnetizabilities, which are the linear response quantity of a molecule to an external magnetic field. By calculating the magnetizabilities of H(2)X (X = O, S, Se, and Te), the noble gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe) and small open shell molecules (CH(2), CH(3), and O(2)), we found that scalar relativistic terms affect mainly the diamagnetic magnetizability and spin-orbit (SO) interaction affects the paramagnetic magnetizability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terutaka Yoshizawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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Demko BA, Eichele K, Wasylishen RE. A Combined Experimental and Quantum Chemistry Study of Selenium Chemical Shift Tensors. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:13537-50. [PMID: 17165881 DOI: 10.1021/jp064543s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive investigation of selenium chemical shift tensors is presented. Experimentally determined chemical shift tensors were obtained from solid-state 77Se NMR spectra for several organic, organometallic, or inorganic selenium-containing compounds. The first reported indirect spin-spin coupling between selenium and chlorine is observed for Ph(2)SeCl(2) where 1J(77Se,35Cl)iso is 110 Hz. Selenium magnetic shielding tensors were calculated for all of the molecules investigated using zeroth-order regular approximation density functional theory, ZORA DFT. The computations provide the orientations of the chemical shift tensors, as well as a test of the theory for calculating the magnetic shielding interaction for heavier elements. The ZORA DFT calculations were performed with nonrelativistic, scalar relativistic, and scalar with spin-orbit relativistic levels of theory. Relativistic contributions to the magnetic shielding tensor were found to be significant for (NH4)2WSe4 and of less importance for organoselenium, organophosphine selenide, and inorganic selenium compounds containing lighter elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan A Demko
- Department of Chemistry, Gunning/Lemieux Chemistry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2 Canada
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d'Antuono P, Botek E, Champagne B, Spassova M, Denkova P. Theoretical investigation on H1 and C13 NMR chemical shifts of small alkanes and chloroalkanes. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:144309. [PMID: 17042592 DOI: 10.1063/1.2353830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Using density functional theory (DFT) with the B3LYP, PBE, and PBE0 exchange-correlation functionals as well as the Moller-Plesset second-order perturbation theory (MP2) combined with a series of rather extended basis sets, 1H and 13C chemical shifts of small alkanes and chloroalkanes (with different numbers of chlorine atoms on specific positions) have been simulated and compared to experimental data. For the 1H chemical shifts, theory tends to reproduce experiment within the limits of the experimental errors. In the case of 13C chemical shift, the differences between theory and experiment increase monotonically with the number of chlorine atoms and exhibit a deviation from additivity. This behavior is related to the saturation of the experimental 13C chemical shifts with the number of chlorine atoms, whereas the evolution is mostly linear at both DFT and MP2 levels of approximation. This difference has been traced back to the relativistic spin-orbit coupling effects, which are exalted as a result of the enhancement of the s character of the C atom when increasing the number of linked Cl atoms. Thus, it was demonstrated that not only electron correlation but also relativistic effects have to be considered for estimating the 13C chemical shifts when several Cl atoms are directly attached to the C atom. Linear (theory/experiment) regressions have then been performed for the different types of C atoms, i.e., bearing one, two, and three Cl atoms, with excellent correlation coefficients. The linear correlation relationships so obtained can then serve to predict and facilitate the interpretation of the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of more complex compounds. Furthermore, by investigating the basis set effects, the correlation between the chemical shifts calculated using the 6-311 + G(2d,p) basis set and the more extended 6-311 + G(2df,p) and aug-cc-pvtz basis sets is excellent, demonstrating that the choice of the 6-311 + G(2d,p) basis set for calculating the 1H and 13C chemical shifts is relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe d'Antuono
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique Appliquée, Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
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Arratia-Pérez R, Malli GL. Relativistic molecular orbital study of the optical and magnetic properties of hexachloro protactinate (IV): PaCl62−. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:74321. [PMID: 16497050 DOI: 10.1063/1.2173251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Our ab initio all-electron Dirac-Fock and the corresponding nonrelativistic limit calculations performed at four Pa-Cl bond distances yield for octahedral PaCl(6) (2-) the optimized Pa-Cl bond distances of 2.758 and 2.771 Angstroms, respectively. Dirac scattered wave and its nonrelativistic limit calculations are performed at the optimized Pa-Cl bond distances using a first-order perturbation procedure to obtain the molecular g and hyperfine tensors for the octahedral anion PaCl(6) (2-). The calculated Zeeman and (231)Pa hyperfine interactions are in fairly good agreement with the electron paramagnetic resonance and electron nuclear double resonance values of the Pa(4+) impurity site in the octahedral Cs(2)ZrCl(6) lattice. The calculated relativistic transition energies of the 5f-->5f and 5f-->6d absorption bands are also in good agreement with the experimental results.
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Fukuda R, Nakatsuji H. Quasirelativistic theory for the magnetic shielding constant. III. Quasirelativistic second-order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory and its application to tellurium compounds. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:044101. [PMID: 16095340 DOI: 10.1063/1.1949204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The quasirelativistic (QR) generalized unrestricted Hartree-Fock method for the magnetic shielding constant [R. Fukuda, M. Hada, and H. Nakatsuji, J. Chem. Phys. 118, 1015 (2003); R. Fukuda, M. Hada, and H. Nakatsuji, J. Chem. Phys.118, 1027 (2003)] has been extended to include the electron correlation effect in the level of the second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2). We have implemented the energy gradient and finite-perturbation methods to calculate the magnetic shielding constant at the QR MP2 level and applied to the magnetic shielding constants and the NMR chemical shifts of 125Te nucleus in various tellurium compounds. The calculated magnetic shielding constants and NMR chemical shifts well reproduced the experimental values. The relations of the chemical shifts with the natures of ligands, and the tellurium oxidation states were investigated. The chemical shifts in different valence states were explained by the paramagnetic shielding and spin-orbit terms. The tellurium 5p electrons are the dominant origin of the chemical shifts in the Te I and Te II compounds and the chemical shifts were explained by the p-hole mechanism. The tellurium d electrons also play an important role in the chemical shifts of the hypervalent compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Fukuda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Filatov M, Cremer D. Calculation of indirect nuclear spin–spin coupling constants within the regular approximation for relativistic effects. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:11407-22. [PMID: 15268175 DOI: 10.1063/1.1752876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A new method for calculating the indirect nuclear spin-spin coupling constant within the regular approximation to the exact relativistic Hamiltonian is presented. The method is completely analytic in the sense that it does not employ numeric integration for the evaluation of relativistic corrections to the molecular Hamiltonian. It can be applied at the level of conventional wave function theory or density functional theory. In the latter case, both pure and hybrid density functionals can be used for the calculation of the quasirelativistic spin-spin coupling constants. The new method is used in connection with the infinite-order regular approximation with modified metric (IORAmm) to calculate the spin-spin coupling constants for molecules containing heavy elements. The importance of including exact exchange into the density functional calculations is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Filatov
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Göteborg University, Reutersgatan 2, S-41320 Göteborg, Sweden.
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Forgeron MAM, Wasylishen RE, Penner GH. Investigation of Magnetic Shielding in Xenon Difluoride Using Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy and Relativistic Density Functional Theory. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp031279j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A. M. Forgeron
- Department of Chemistry, Gunning/Lemieux Chemistry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Roderick E. Wasylishen
- Department of Chemistry, Gunning/Lemieux Chemistry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Glenn H. Penner
- Department of Chemistry, Gunning/Lemieux Chemistry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
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Kaupp M. Relativistic Effects on NMR Chemical Shifts. THEORETICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1380-7323(04)80036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Fukuda R, Hada M, Nakatsuji H. Quasirelativistic theory for the magnetic shielding constant. I. Formulation of Douglas–Kroll–Hess transformation for the magnetic field and its application to atomic systems. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1528933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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40
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Fukui H, Baba T. Calculation of nuclear magnetic shieldings. XV. Ab initio zeroth-order regular approximation method. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1510118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Sundholm D. Chapter 13 Perturbation theory based on quasi-relativistic hamiltonians. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1380-7323(02)80039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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43
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Hada M, Wan J, Fukuda R, Nakatsuji H. Quasirelativistic study of125Te nuclear magnetic shielding constants and chemical shifts. J Comput Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.1103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Wan J, Fukuda R, Hada M, Nakatsuji H. Quasi-Relativistic Study of 199Hg Nuclear Magnetic Shielding Constants of Dimethylmercury, Disilylmercury and Digermylmercury. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp000517x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wan
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Fukuda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiko Hada
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakatsuji
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Tripathi GS, Misra CM, Misra PK. Relativistic effects on the chemical shift in solids: important points of a new contribution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3719/18/28/007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Autschbach J, Ziegler T. Nuclear spin–spin coupling constants from regular approximate relativistic density functional calculations. I. Formalism and scalar relativistic results for heavy metal compounds. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Hada M, Fukuda R, Nakatsuji H. Dirac–Fock calculations of the magnetic shielding constants of protons and heavy nuclei in XH2 (X=O, S, Se, and Te): a comparison with quasi-relativistic calculations. Chem Phys Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(00)00375-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Perspective on Norman Ramsey’s theories of NMR chemical shifts and nuclear spin—spin coupling. Theor Chem Acc 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-10421-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Hada M, Ishikawa Y, Nakatani J, Nakatsuji H. Dirac–Fock calculations of magnetic shielding constants: hydrogen molecule and hydrogen halides. Chem Phys Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(99)00780-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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