1
|
Xu R, Zheng Y, Tai W. A single-chain fab derived drug conjugate for HER2 specific delivery. Biomaterials 2025; 313:122798. [PMID: 39244823 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Despite the development of antibody-drug conjugates, the fragment Fab-based drug conjugates offer some unique capabilities in terms of safety, clearance, penetration and others. Current methods for preparing Fab drug conjugates are limited by the availability and stability of Fab proteins, leaving reports on this rare. Here, we found that a single-chain scaffold of Fab enables stabilization of the paired structure and supports high-yield expression in bacteria cytoplasm. Furthermore, we conjugated anti-neoplastic agent SN38 to the C-terminus by sortase A ligation and generated a homogenous Fab conjugate with the drug-to-Fab ratio of 1. The resulting anti-HER2 Fab-SN38 conjugate demonstrated potent and antigen-dependent cell-killing ability with the aid of its special cathepsin-triggered cyclization-promoted release mechanism. In vivo, Fab-SN38 can prevent growths of HER2-positive tumors in athymic mice and be well tolerated to the treatment at 7 mg/kg per dose. Anti-tumor activity, high dose tolerance and penetration advantage observed in this study would merit Fab conjugate investigation in target chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruolin Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Wanyi Tai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu Q, Chen J, Liu Y, Zhang S, Feng H, Wan T, Zhang S, Zhang N, Yang Z. The impact of cathepsins on liver hepatocellular carcinoma: Insights from genetic and functional analyses. Gene 2025; 935:149064. [PMID: 39486661 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.149064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2024] [Revised: 10/25/2024] [Accepted: 10/28/2024] [Indexed: 11/04/2024]
Abstract
Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (LIHC), ranked as the second deadliest cancer globally, poses a major health challenge because of its widespread occurrence and poor prognosis. The mechanisms underlying LIHC development and progression remain unclear. Cathepsins are linked to tumorigenesis in other cancers, but their role in LIHC is underexplored. This study employed integrative analyses, including Mendelian Randomization (MR), bulk RNA-sequencing (bulk-seq), single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis, and cellular experiments with siRNA technology, to investigate the role of cathepsin E (CTSE) in LIHC. MR analysis identified CTSE as a factor associated with increased LIHC risk. Prognostic analysis using TCGA data showed that higher CTSE levels are linked to poorer survival, establishing CTSE as an independent prognostic risk factor. Integrative transcriptome analysis revealed close relation of CTSE to the extracellular matrix. scRNA-seq from TISCH2 demonstrated that CTSE is predominantly expressed in malignant LIHC cells. IHC confirmed higher CTSE expression in LIHC tissues compared to peritumoral tissues. Functional assays, such as qRT-PCR, Western blot, cell proliferation, and colony formation experiments, demonstrated that siRNA-mediated CTSE knockdown in HepG2 and Huh7 cell lines notably suppressed cell proliferation and altered the FAK/Paxillin/Akt signaling cascade. This research enhances our comprehension of LIHC development, emphasizing CTSE as a promising prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target. Inhibiting CTSE could slow the progression of LIHC, presenting novel opportunities for therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China; Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Junyi Chen
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yuyang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Shengwei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, 987th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Baoji 721004, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Zhantansi Outpatient Department of Jingzhong Medical District, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Tao Wan
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shemin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Zhanyu Yang
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China; Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li H, Li Y, Li K, Wang Q, Yang J, Qiu L, Lin J. Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Cathepsin B in Tumors with Activable Small Molecule Tracers. J Med Chem 2024; 67:21292-21302. [PMID: 39587460 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c02178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2024]
Abstract
Cathepsin B (CTB) is overexpressed in several types of tumors, and precise evaluation of the CTB activity can offer a promising method for the early diagnosis of tumors. In this study, two CTB-activated positron emission tomography (PET) tracers, [68Ga]NOTA-SFCVM and [68Ga]NOTA-SFCVHEM, were developed for sensitive and specific detection of CTB. Both tracers undergo a click condensation between 2-cyano-6-aminobenzothiazole (CBT) and cysteine (Cys) to form a cyclization product, thereby enhancing and prolonging the PET signal in tumors. In vitro cellular experiments showed that the tracers could differentiate tumor cells with different expression levels of CTB. In vivo PET imaging further revealed that the tracers selectively accumulated in the CTB-positive tumors. Compared with [68Ga]NOTA-SFCVM, [68Ga]NOTA-SFCVHEM containing a morpholine group and a histidine-glutamate-histidine-glutamate-histidine-glutamate sequence exhibited faster catalytic efficiency toward CTB, higher tumor uptake, and reduced liver uptake. These findings suggest that [68Ga]NOTA-SFCVHEM holds potential for clinical use in the early diagnosis of CTB-related tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huirong Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Yuelin Li
- McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Ke Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Qianhui Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Jichen Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Jianguo Lin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hua H, Yang X, Meng D, Gan R, Chen N, He L, Wang D, Jiang W, Si D, Wang X, Zhang X, Wei X, Wang Y, Li B, Zhang H, Gao C. CTSG restraines the proliferation and metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by blocking the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Cell Signal 2024; 127:111562. [PMID: 39672353 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2024] [Revised: 11/24/2024] [Accepted: 12/09/2024] [Indexed: 12/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) is recognized as the sixth most prevalent cancer globally, with around 900,000 new cases diagnosed each year. The management of HNSC poses significant challenges due to its rising incidence and suboptimal treatment outcomes in many patients. Thus, understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms that drive the onset and advancement of HNSC is crucial in order to steer the creation of novel treatment strategies. Previous researches have suggested that Cathepsin G (CTSG), a serine protease, may play a role in tumorigenesis, but its exact function in HNSC is still unknown. METHODS The TCGA and GTEx datasets were utilized to examine the expression and potential role of CTSG in pancancer. CTSG expression in HNSC tissues and normal tissues was analyzed using qRT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry techniques. The effects of altering CTSG expression on proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of HNSC cells were evaluated using various tests such as MTT assays, colony formation assays, wound-healing assays, transwell assays, flow cytometry, and xenograft tumor growth models. The functionality of CTSG on the JAK2/STAT3 pathway was validated using activators and inhibitors of this pathway after comfirming that CTSG could regulate this pathway. RESULTS In our study, we indicated that CTSG expression in HNSC tumor tissues was significantly lower than in adjacent normal tissues and CTSG gene level was positively correlated with patient prognosis. Additionally, we observed a decrease in tumor proliferation and migration, as well as an increase in apoptosis, following CTSG overexpression. Conversely, opposite effects were noted upon CTSG knockdown. Mechanistically, CTSG overexpression inhibited JAK2/STAT3 signaling, while CTSG knockdown activated it. This was confirmed by using IL-6 and JAK2 inhibitor. CONCLUSION CTSG impedes the proliferation and metastasis of HNSC in vivo and in vitro. CTSG is potential to act as a cancer suppressor in HNSC by focusing on the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, indicating its possible use as a diagnostic marker and treatment target for HNSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongting Hua
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaonan Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Dongdong Meng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Ruijia Gan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Nuo Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Lanqiaofeng He
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Wanjin Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Dongyu Si
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xiang Wei
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Bao Li
- Synthetic Laboratory of School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Huabing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Chaobing Gao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zeng F, Lai Y, Huang Y, Zhu F, Gao J, Chen Z, Zeng L, Feng M, Qiu P, Yuan S, Deng G. Shikonin from lithospermum erythrorhizon induces pyroptosis in trophoblast cells by activating the CTSB-NLRP3 inflammasome. Ann Med 2024; 56:2394584. [PMID: 39183455 PMCID: PMC11348813 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2394584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the decline of global fertility, drug therapeutic of ectopic pregnancy is of great significance. Lithospermum erythrorhizon is using for embryo killing as herbal medicine. Shikonin is the critical nucleus of Lithospermum erythrorhizon; however, the mechanism is still unclear. The study aimed to explore the mechanism of shikonin against ectopic pregnancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, we examined the viability and LDH release of HTR-8/SVneo cells by assays, observed pore formation in cell membranes by microscopy imaging and PI staining, and IL-1β release by WB and ELISA assay kit. Then, we used network pharmacology to analyse the potential interaction between shikonin, ectopic pregnancy and pyroptosis and used molecular docking techniques to verify interactions between shikonin and core common targets. Finally, western blotting and immunofluorescence assay were used to explore the mechanism of shikonin-inducing pyroptosis of HTR-8/SVneo cells. RESULTS Shikonin could cause a significant inhibition of HTR-8/SVneo cell viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. In HTR-8/SVneo cells, shikonin-induced cell swelling, bubble formation, an increase in the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and up-regulation of several pyroptosis-associated factors. And network pharmacology showed that The main targets of shikonin-ectopic pregnancy-pyroptosis were IL-1β and caspase-1, and molecular docking results showed that shikonin can closely bind to IL-1β, caspase-1 and GSDMD. Additionally, the necroptosis inhibitor GSK'872 could not suppress the expression of mature-IL-1β and prevent the pyroptosis phenotype from developing. However, the nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inhibitor MCC-950 could downregulate the expression of pyroptosis-associated factors and prevent the pyroptosis phenotype from developing. Shikonin led to an elevation in the expression of cathepsin B (CTSB), and the CTSB inhibitor CA-074 abolished pyroptosis induced by shikonin; however, the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC-950 could not inhibit the expression of CTSB. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that shikonin activates CTSB to induce NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis in HTR-8/SVneo cells. This study has important clinical implications for the treatment of ectopic pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuling Zeng
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gynecology, Guangzhou Baiyun District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuling Lai
- Department of Sports Medicine, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanxi Huang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyue Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihua Zeng
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Feng
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pin Qiu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gaopi Deng
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhou X, Liu H, Hou F, Zheng ZQ, Cao X, Wang Q, Jiang W. REMR: Identification of RNA Editing-mediated MiRNA Regulation in Cancers. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:3418-3429. [PMID: 39386942 PMCID: PMC11462282 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing has been implicated in cancer progression. However, a comprehensive understanding of how A-to-I RNA editing is incorporated into miRNA regulation to modulate gene expression in cancer remains unclear, given the lack of effective identification methods. To this end, we introduced an information theory-based algorithm named REMR to systematically identify 12,006 A-to-I RNA editing-mediated miRNA regulatory triplets (RNA editing sites, miRNAs, and genes) across ten major cancer types based on multi-omics profiling data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Through analyses of functional enrichment, transcriptional regulatory networks, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, we showed that RNA editing-mediated miRNA regulation potentially affects critical cancer-related functions, such as apoptosis, cell cycle, drug resistance, and immunity. Furthermore, triplets can serve as biomarkers for classifying cancer subtypes with distinct prognoses or drug responses, highlighting the clinical relevance of such regulation. In addition, an online resource (http://www.jianglab.cn/REMR/) was constructed to support the convenient retrieval of our findings. In summary, our study systematically dissected the RNA editing-mediated miRNA regulations, thereby providing a valuable resource for understanding the mechanism of RNA editing as an epitranscriptomic regulator in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Haizhou Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Fei Hou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Zong-Qing Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Binhai Branch of National Regional Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350209, China
| | - Xinyu Cao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vashisth C, Kumar Verma N, Afshari M, Bendi A, Raghav N. Cinnamaldehyde as a Potential Cathepsin-B Inhibitor: A Comparative Investigation with some Commercial Anticancer Drugs. Chem Biodivers 2024:e202401985. [PMID: 39530210 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202401985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2024] [Revised: 10/16/2024] [Accepted: 11/11/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, surpassed only by heart disease. Despite improved diagnosis and treatment, cancer cells still evade normal physiological processes such as apoptosis, metabolism, angiogenesis, cell cycle, and epigenetics. To mitigate the numerous side effects linked to chemotherapy, leveraging natural products emerged as a promising alternative, either alone or in tandem with traditional agents. Cinnamaldehyde, an active ingredient of Cinnamomum cassia's stem bark has emerged as a molecule of research with diverse pharmacological properties. In the present study, we report an in silico potential of cinnamaldehyde (CM) potential as an anticancer agent across thirteen anti-cancer targets in comparison with chlorambucil (CB), docetaxel (DOC), melphalan (MP). Computational tools such as DFT, CHEM3D, molinspiration, vNNADMET, SWISS ADME, admetSAR, galaxyrefine, iGEMDOCK, and DS-Visualizer were employed. Additionally, anti-cathepsin B activity was assessed for cinnamaldehyde and the commercial drugs CB, DOC, MP and the results showed 52.76, 62.41, 72.48 and 65.52 % inhibition respectively which is comparable. The results supported molecular docking using iGEMDOCK. Both in silico and experimental findings substantiate cinnamaldehyde as a promising drug for cancer treatment including metastasis and invasion where cathepsin B involvement is indicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chanchal Vashisth
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
| | - Nitin Kumar Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
| | - Mozhgan Afshari
- Department of Chemistry, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran
| | - Anjaneyulu Bendi
- Innovation and Translational Research Hub (iTRH) & Department of Chemistry, Presidency University, Rajanukunte, Itgalpura, Bangalore, 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Neera Raghav
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang H, Jiang Y, Zhu M, Li H, Chen H, Wang H, Zhang S, Guo Q, Hui H. LW-213, a derivative of wogonin, triggers reticulophagy-mediated cell death in NSCLC via lysosomal damage combined with NPC1 inhibition. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 134:155958. [PMID: 39241385 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintaining intracellular equilibrium is essential for the viability of tumor cells, which tend to be particularly vulnerable to environmental stressors. Consequently, targeting the disruption of this homeostasis offers a promising approach for oncological treatments. LW-213, a novel derivative of wogonin, effectively induces apoptosis in cancer cells by initiating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, although the precise molecular pathways involved remain intricate and multifaceted. PURPOSE This research aimed to explore how LW-213 prompts apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and to clarify the detailed mechanisms that govern this process. METHODS Various NSCLC cell lines were utilized to delineate the apoptotic effects induced by LW-213. Advanced methodologies, including RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), Western blotting (WB), immunofluorescence (IF), immunoprecipitation (IP), flow cytometry (Fc), real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and electron microscopy, were employed to investigate the underlying molecular interactions. The efficacy and mechanistic action of LW-213 were also assessed in a xenograft model using nude mice. RESULTS We demonstrated that LW-213, a small molecule cationic amphiphilic drug (CAD), inhibited Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1) function and induced lysosomal membrane damage, thereby activating the phosphoinositide-initiated membrane tethering and lipid transport (PITT) pathway. This activation promoted cholesterol transport from the ER to the lysosome, perpetuating a cholesterol-deficient state in the ER, including massive exocytosis of Ca2+ and activation of FAM134B-mediated reticulophagy. Ultimately, excessive reticulophagy induced lethal ER stress. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study elucidates an organelle domino reaction initiated by lysosome damage and a series of self-rescue mechanisms that eventually lead to irreversible lethal effects, revealing a potential drug intervention strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongzheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yuexin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Mengyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Haidi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 21009, PR China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Hui Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Siwach K, Arya P, Vats L, Sharma V, Giovannuzzi S, Raghav N, Supuran CT, Sharma PK. Benzenesulfonamides functionalized with triazolyl-linked pyrazoles possess dual cathepsin B and carbonic anhydrase inhibitory action. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2400114. [PMID: 38900588 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of a library of 21 novel benzenesulfonamide-bearing 3-functionalized pyrazole-linked 1,2,3-triazole derivatives as dual inhibitors of cathepsin B and carbonic anhydrase enzymes are reported. The target 1,2,3-triazole-linked pyrazolic esters (16) were synthesized by the condensation of 1,2,3-triazolic diketo esters with 4-hydrazinobenzenesulfonamide hydrochloride, and these were further converted into the corresponding carboxylic acid (17) and carboxamide (18) analogs. The synthesized compounds were assayed in vitro for their inhibition potential against human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) isoforms I, II, IX, and XII. They were found to be potent inhibitors at the low nanomolar level against the cancer-related hCA IX and XII and to be selective towards the cytosolic isoform hCA I. The physiologically important isoform hCA II was potently inhibited by all the newly synthesized compounds showing KI values ranging between 0.8 and 561.5 nM. The ester derivative 16c having 4-fluorophenyl (KI = 5.2 nM) was the most potent inhibitor of hCA IX, and carboxamide derivative 18b (KI = 2.2 nM) having 4-methyl substituted phenyl was the most potent inhibitor of hCA XII. The newly synthesized compounds exhibited potent cathepsin B inhibition at 10-7 M concentration. In general, the carboxamide derivatives (18) showed higher % inhibition as compared with the corresponding ester derivatives (16) and carboxylic acid derivatives (17) for cathepsin B. The interactions of the target compounds with the active sites of cathepsin B and CA were studied through molecular docking studies. Further, the in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) and drug-likeness properties of the target compounds were also studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Siwach
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Priyanka Arya
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Lalit Vats
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Bherian, Pehowa, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Vikas Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
- Pt. Chiranji Lal Sharma Government College, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Simone Giovannuzzi
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Neera Raghav
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pawan K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bu F, Yu K, Ye C, Huang G, Yang T, Chen K, Lu J, Rong L. Can alterations in cathepsin levels restrain the development of skin cancer?: A bidirectional multivariate Mendelian-randomization study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e39628. [PMID: 39312365 PMCID: PMC11419449 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000039628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignant skin tumors mainly include basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma. There is currently observational research suggesting that changes in cathepsin (CTS) may be a factor in the development of malignant skin tumors, but no studies have yet demonstrated a causal relationship between tissue protease changes and the occurrence of malignant skin tumors. Current studies have shown that cathepsin is involved in tumor cell invasion and metastasis by regulating growth factors and cellular immune function in tumor microenvironment, decomposing extracellular matrix and basement membrane, and promoting angiogenesis. In this study, we conducted a bidirectional Mendelian-randomization study using publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS; GWAS Catalog) data. This study applies a bidirectional multivariate Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to investigate the causal relationship between cathepsin, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma. In cases where multiple cathepsins are implicated as etiological factors in certain diseases, a multivariable analysis is conducted to assess the direct and indirect causal effects of the exposure factors. In this study, we present a comprehensive MR analysis to investigate the relationship between 9 cathepsin and basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma. Based on our MR analysis using the largest GWAS Catalog dataset available, we are able to draw relatively reliable conclusions. In the MR study, we found that tissue protease L2 can promote skin cancer, Cathepsin O, and Cathepsin F are associated with an increased risk of basal cell carcinoma. Cathepsin H can inhibit basal cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma. In the reverse MR study, it was found that squamous cell carcinoma may cause an increase in Cathepsin O expression. In the multivariate analysis, it was found that Cathepsin H is a direct factor in reducing the occurrence of skin cancer and melanoma, with no apparent causal relationship to non-melanoma skin cancer. Cathepsin has a dual impact on skin cancer cells, and the expression of different cathepsins at the edge of skin tumors may indicate different developmental tendencies of skin cancer. Cathepsin may serve as effective biomarkers for predicting tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Bu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Kai Yu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Changtao Ye
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guixia Huang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Tianye Yang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ji Lu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Li Rong
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu T, Ren Y, Zhang J, Yin H, Zheng Z, Zhang M, Liao Y, Yang L, Liu C, Liu X, Yan P. Association between various cathepsins and uterine leiomyoma: A Mendelian randomization analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0310292. [PMID: 39264885 PMCID: PMC11392342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests a tentative association between cathepsins and uterine leiomyoma (UL). Previous investigations have predominantly focused on the role of cathepsins in the metastasis and colonization of gynecological malignancies. Still, observational studies may lead to confounding and biases. We employed a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to elucidate the causative links between various cathepsins and UL. Instrumental variables (IVs) of cathepsins and UL within the European cohort were from extant genome-wide association study datasets. Sensitivity assessments was executed, and the heterogeneity of the findings was meticulously dissected to affirm the solidity of the outcomes. Our findings reveal the association between cathepsin B (CTSB) and an elevated risk of developing UL (all cancers excluded) [Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) method]: OR = 1.06, 95%CI [1.02, 1.11], P = 0.008895711. Although the association does not persist after multiple testing or Steiger filtering, this finding adds to our understanding of the causal relationship between CTSB of various cathepsins and UL (all cancers excluded) and may herald new therapeutic avenues for individuals affected by this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingxiu Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuehan Ren
- Department of Gynecology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Junning Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Oncology of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hechun Yin
- Qi-Huang Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Department of Gynecology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liao
- Department of Gynecology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Liangliang Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyu Yan
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao, SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology Zhuhai MUST Science and Technology Research Institute, Macao, Macao, SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Phinney NZ, Huang X, Toombs JE, Brekken RA. Development of betabodies: The next generation of phosphatidylserine targeting agents. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107681. [PMID: 39159812 PMCID: PMC11416255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Externalized phosphatidylserine (PS) is a phospholipid and a selective marker of the tumor microenvironment (TME). It is exposed on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane of tumor-associated endothelial cells, apoptotic tumor cells, and some viable tumor cells, where it functions in part to suppress immune responses by binding to PS receptors expressed on tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells. PS has been targeted with antibodies, such as bavituximab, that bind the phospholipid via a cofactor, β2-glycoprotein 1 (β2GP1); these antibodies showed excellent specificity for tumor vasculature and induce an immune stimulatory environment. We have advanced this concept by developing the next generation of PS targeting agent, a fusion protein (betabody) constructed by linking PS-binding domain V of β2GP1 to the Fc of an IgG2a. Betabodies bind to externalized PS with high affinity (∼1 nM), without the requirement of a co-factor and localize robustly to the TME. We demonstrate that betabodies are a direct PS-targeting agent that has the potential to be used as anti-tumor therapy, drug delivery vehicles, and tools for imaging the TME.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Z Phinney
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Cancer Biology Graduate Program, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Xianming Huang
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jason E Toombs
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Rolf A Brekken
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Cancer Biology Graduate Program, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Marassi V, La Rocca G, Placci A, Muntiu A, Vincenzoni F, Vitali A, Desiderio C, Maraldi T, Beretti F, Russo E, Miceli V, Conaldi PG, Papait A, Romele P, Cargnoni A, Silini AR, Alviano F, Parolini O, Giordani S, Zattoni A, Reschiglian P, Roda B. Native characterization and QC profiling of human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cell vesicular fractions for secretome-based therapy. Talanta 2024; 276:126216. [PMID: 38761653 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells (hAMSCs) have unique immunomodulatory properties making them attractive candidates for regenerative applications in inflammatory diseases. Most of their beneficial properties are mediated through their secretome. The bioactive factors concurring to its therapeutic activity are still unknown. Evidence suggests synergy between the two main components of the secretome, soluble factors and vesicular fractions, pivotal in shifting inflammation and promoting self-healing. Biological variability and the absence of quality control (QC) protocols hinder secretome-based therapy translation to clinical applications. Moreover, vesicular secretome contains a multitude of particles with varying size, cargos and functions whose complexity hinders full characterization and comprehension. This study achieved a significant advancement in secretome characterization by utilizing native, FFF-based separation and characterizing extracellular vesicles derived from hAMSCs. This was accomplished by obtaining dimensionally homogeneous fractions then characterized based on their protein content, potentially enabling the identification of subpopulations with diverse functionalities. This method proved to be successful as an independent technique for secretome profiling, with the potential to contribute to the standardization of a qualitative method. Additionally, it served as a preparative separation tool, streamlining populations before ELISA and LC-MS characterization. This approach facilitated the categorization of distinctive and recurring proteins, along with the identification of clusters associated with vesicle activity and functions. However, the presence of proteins unique to each fraction obtained through the FFF separation tool presents a challenge for further analysis of the protein content within these cargoes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Marassi
- Department of Chemistry G. Ciamician, University of Bologna, Italy; byFlow srl, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giampiero La Rocca
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Placci
- Department of Chemistry G. Ciamician, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Alexandra Muntiu
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Vincenzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Vitali
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Desiderio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Tullia Maraldi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Beretti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Eleonora Russo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vitale Miceli
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta Specializzazione), 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Pier Giulio Conaldi
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta Specializzazione), 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Papait
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy; Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Romele
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Anna Cargnoni
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonietta Rosa Silini
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Alviano
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ornella Parolini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy; Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Giordani
- Department of Chemistry G. Ciamician, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Zattoni
- Department of Chemistry G. Ciamician, University of Bologna, Italy; byFlow srl, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Reschiglian
- Department of Chemistry G. Ciamician, University of Bologna, Italy; byFlow srl, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Roda
- Department of Chemistry G. Ciamician, University of Bologna, Italy; byFlow srl, Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li J, Ab Rahman N, Mohamad S. Decoding Oral Carcinogenesis and Tumor Progression in Whole Cigarette Smoke Exposure: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e66966. [PMID: 39280415 PMCID: PMC11401675 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.66966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic review aims to highlight the molecular mechanisms by which whole cigarette smoke affects oral carcinogenesis and its progression in human oral cells, based on evidence from original research articles published in the literature. A literature search was conducted using three databases: Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed from May to June 2024. The articles were screened, and the data were extracted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines (2020). The included studies were subsequently evaluated using the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) tool for bias factors. From the 14 included studies, two types of cell lines were frequently utilized: human oral mucosal epithelial cells or oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. In these cell lines, one of three forms of exposure was applied: cigarette smoke, its extract, or condensate. The mechanism of oral carcinogenesis and tumor progression includes aberrations in the heme metabolic pathway, modulation of miRNA-145, NOD1 and BiP expression, MMP-2, MMP-9, and cathepsin modulation, abnormal TSPO binding, RIP2-mediated NF-κB activation, MZF1-mediated VEGF binding, and activation of the RAGE signaling pathway. In conclusion, cigarette smoke significantly influences the development and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma, based on the evidence highlighted in human oral cells. While previous studies have focused on specific carcinogens and pathways, this review added to our understanding of the overall impact of whole cigarette smoke on oral carcinogenesis at the molecular and cellular levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- Pathology, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, MYS
- Pathology, Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi, CHN
| | - Nurhayu Ab Rahman
- Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, MYS
| | - Suharni Mohamad
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Cluster, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, MYS
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu XH, Liu XT, Wu Y, Li SA, Ren KD, Cheng M, Huang B, Yang Y, Liu PP. Broadening Horizons: Exploring the Cathepsin Family as Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0456. [PMID: 39122455 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an intricate neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of misfolded proteins, including beta-amyloid (Aβ) and tau, leading to cognitive decline. Despite decades of research, the precise mechanisms underlying its onset and progression remain elusive. Cathepsins are a family of lysosomal enzymes that play vital roles in cellular processes, including protein degradation and regulation of immune responses. Emerging evidence suggests that cathepsins may be involved in AD pathogenesis. Cathepsins can influence the activation of microglia and astrocytes, the resident immune cells in the brain. However, cathepsin dysfunction may lead to the accumulation of misfolded proteins, notably Aβ and tau. In addition, dysregulated cathepsin activity may induce an exaggerated immune response, promoting chronic inflammation and neuronal dysfunction in patients with AD. By unraveling the classification, functions, and roles of cathepsins in AD's pathogenesis, this review sheds light on their intricate involvement in this devastating disease. Targeting cathepsin activity could be a promising and novel approach for mitigating the pathological processes that contribute to AD, providing new avenues for its treatment and prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Liu
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Hospital of Yongnian District, Yongnian, Hebei, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shu-Ang Li
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kai-Di Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Meng Cheng
- Translational Medical Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bing Huang
- Brain Function and Disease Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Pei-Pei Liu
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jiang L, Chen S, Li S, Wang J, Chen W, Shi Y, Xiong W, Miao C. Exploring biomarkers for diagnosing and predicting organ dysfunction in patients with perioperative sepsis: a preliminary investigation. Perioper Med (Lond) 2024; 13:81. [PMID: 39049003 PMCID: PMC11267738 DOI: 10.1186/s13741-024-00438-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early diagnosis and prediction of organ dysfunction are critical for intervening and improving the outcomes of septic patients. The study aimed to find novel diagnostic and predictive biomarkers of organ dysfunction for perioperative septic patients. METHOD This is a prospective, controlled, preliminary, and single-center study of emergency surgery patients. Mass spectrometry, Gene Ontology (GO) functional analysis, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were performed to identify the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) from sepsis patients, which were selected for further verification via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the relative correlation of selected serum protein levels and clinical outcomes of septic patients. Calibration curves were plotted to assess the calibration of the models. RESULTS Five randomized serum samples per group were analyzed via mass spectrometry, and 146 DEPs were identified. GO functional analysis and the PPI network were performed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of the DEPs. Six DEPs were selected for further verification via ELISA. Cathepsin B (CatB), vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), protein S100-A9, prosaposin, and thrombospondin-1 levels were significantly increased in the patients with sepsis compared with those of the controls (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that CatB, S100-A9, VCAM-1, prosaposin, and NGAL could be used for preoperative diagnosis and postoperative prediction of organ dysfunction. CatB and S100-A9 were possible predictive factors for preoperative diagnosis of renal failure in septic patients. Internal validation was assessed using the bootstrapping validation. The preoperative diagnosis of renal failure model displayed good discrimination with a C-index of 0.898 (95% confidence interval 0.843-0.954) and good calibration. CONCLUSION Serum CatB, S100-A9, VCAM-1, prosaposin, and NGAL may be novel markers for preoperative diagnosis and postoperative prediction of organ dysfunction. Specifically, S100-A9 and CatB were indicators of preoperative renal dysfunction in septic patients. Combining these two biomarkers may improve the accuracy of predicting preoperative septic renal dysfunction. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (ChiCTR2200060418) on June 1, 2022.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linghui Jiang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shiyu Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shichao Li
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wannan Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuncen Shi
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wanxia Xiong
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Changhong Miao
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jinda H, Nakashima K, Watanabe H, Ono M. Synthesis and Evaluation of a Cathepsin B-Recognizing Trifunctional Chelating Agent to Improve Tumor Retention of Radioimmunoconjugates. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2024; 67:295-304. [PMID: 38837480 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.4112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Cathepsin B (CTSB) is a lysosomal protease that is overexpressed in tumor cells. Radioimmunoconjugates (RICs) composed of CTSB-recognizing chelating agents are expected to increase the molecular weights of their radiometabolites by forming conjugates with CTSB in cells, resulting in their improved retention in tumor cells. We designed a novel CTSB-recognizing trifunctional chelating agent, azide-[111In]In-DOTA-CTSB-substrate ([111In]In-ADCS), to synthesize a RIC, trastuzumab-[111In]In-ADCS ([111In]In-TADCS), and evaluated its utility to improve tumor retention of the RIC. [111In]In-ADCS and [111In]In-TADCS were synthesized with satisfactory yield and purity. [111In]In-ADCS was markedly stable in murine plasma until 96 h postincubation. [111In]In-ADCS showed binding to CTSB in vitro, and the conjugation was blocked by the addition of CTSB inhibitor. In the internalization assay, [111In]In-TADCS exhibited high-level retention in SK-OV-3 cells, indicating the in vitro utility of the CTSB-recognizing unit. In the biodistribution assay, [111In]In-TADCS showed high-level tumor accumulation, but the retention was hardly improved. In the first attempt to combine a CTSB-recognizing unit and RIC, these findings show the fundamental properties of the CTSB-recognizing trifunctional chelating agent to improve tumor retention of RICs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Jinda
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuma Nakashima
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Manivannan MS, Yang X, Patel N, Peters A, Johnston JB, Gibson SB. Lysosome-Disrupting Agents in Combination with Venetoclax Increase Apoptotic Response in Primary Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) Cells Mediated by Lysosomal Cathepsin D Release and Inhibition of Autophagy. Cells 2024; 13:1041. [PMID: 38920669 PMCID: PMC11202145 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Venetoclax and obinutuzumab are becoming frontline therapies for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients. Unfortunately, drug resistance still occurs, and the combination could be immunosuppressive. Lysosomes have previously been identified as a target for obinutuzumab cytotoxicity in CLL cells, but the mechanism remains unclear. In addition, studies have shown that lysosomotropic agents can cause synergistic cell death in vitro when combined with the BTK inhibitor, ibrutinib, in primary CLL cells. This indicates that targeting lysosomes could be a treatment strategy for CLL. In this study, we have shown that obinutuzumab induces lysosome membrane permeabilization (LMP) and cathepsin D release in CLL cells. Inhibition of cathepsins reduced obinutuzumab-induced cell death in CLL cells. We further determined that the lysosomotropic agent siramesine in combination with venetoclax increased cell death in primary CLL cells through an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cathepsin release. Siramesine treatment also induced synergistic cytotoxicity when combined with venetoclax. Microenvironmental factors IL4 and CD40L or incubation with HS-5 stromal cells failed to significantly protect CLL cells from siramesine- and venetoclax-induced apoptosis. We also found that siramesine treatment inhibited autophagy through reduced autolysosomes. Finally, the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine failed to further increase siramesine-induced cell death. Taken together, lysosome-targeting drugs could be an effective strategy in combination with venetoclax to overcome drug resistance in CLL.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/pharmacology
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Lysosomes/metabolism
- Lysosomes/drug effects
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Autophagy/drug effects
- Cathepsin D/metabolism
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Drug Synergism
- Cell Line, Tumor
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhumita S. Manivannan
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (M.S.M.); (X.Y.); (N.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (M.S.M.); (X.Y.); (N.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Nirav Patel
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (M.S.M.); (X.Y.); (N.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Anthea Peters
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (M.S.M.); (X.Y.); (N.P.); (A.P.)
- Cross Cancer Institute, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB T5J 3E4, Canada
| | - James B. Johnston
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Hematologist/Oncologist, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
| | - Spencer B. Gibson
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (M.S.M.); (X.Y.); (N.P.); (A.P.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wan D, Wu Y, Liu Y, Liu Y, Pan J. Advances in 2,3-Dimethylmaleic Anhydride (DMMA)-Modified Nanocarriers in Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:809. [PMID: 38931929 PMCID: PMC11207803 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer represents a significant threat to human health. The cells and tissues within the microenvironment of solid tumors exhibit complex and abnormal properties in comparison to healthy tissues. The efficacy of nanomedicines is inhibited by the presence of substantial and complex physical barriers in the tumor tissue. The latest generation of intelligent drug delivery systems, particularly nanomedicines capable of charge reversal, have shown promise in addressing this issue. These systems can transform their charge from negative to positive upon reaching the tumor site, thereby enhancing tumor penetration via transcytosis and promoting cell internalization by interacting with the negatively charged cell membranes. The modification of nanocarriers with 2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydride (DMMA) and its derivatives, which are responsive to weak acid stimulation, represents a significant advance in the field of charge-reversal nanomedicines. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the recent insights into DMMA-modified nanocarriers in drug delivery systems, with a particular focus on their potential in targeted therapeutics. It also discusses the synthesis of DMMA derivatives and their role in charge reversal, shell detachment, size shift, and ligand reactivation mechanisms, offering the prospect of a tailored, next-generation therapeutic approach to overcome the diverse challenges associated with cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wan
- School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; (D.W.); (Y.W.)
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China;
| | - Yanan Wu
- School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; (D.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yujun Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China;
| | - Yonghui Liu
- School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; (D.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jie Pan
- School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; (D.W.); (Y.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Vashisth C, Kaushik T, Vashisth N, Raghav N. Cinnamaldehyde hydrazone derivatives as potential cathepsin B inhibitors: parallel in-vitro investigation in liver and cerebrospinal fluid. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132684. [PMID: 38810845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of cathepsins as a potential target for anticancer drugs has led to extensive research in the development of their inhibitors. In the present study, we designed, synthesized, and characterized several cinnamaldehyde schiff bases employing diverse hydrazines, as potential cathepsin B inhibitors. The parallel studies on cathepsin B isolated from liver and cerebrospinal fluid unveiled the significance of the synthesized compounds as cathepsin B inhibitors at nanomolar concentrations. The compound, 7 exhibited the highest inhibition of 83.48 % and 82.96 % with an IC50 value of 0.06 nM and 0.09 nM for liver and cerebrospinal fluid respectively. The inhibitory potential of synthesized compounds has been extremely effective in comparison to previous reports. With the help of molecular docking studies using iGEMDOCK software, we found that the active site -CH2SH group is involved in the case of α-N-benzoyl-D, l-arginine-b-naphthylamide (BANA), curcumin 2, 3, 6, and 7. For toxicity prediction, ADMET studies were conducted and the synthesized compounds emerged to be non-toxic. The results obtained from the in vitro studies were supported with in silico studies. The synthesized cinnamaldehyde schiff bases can be considered promising drug candidates in conditions with elevated cathepsin B levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chanchal Vashisth
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119, India
| | - Tushar Kaushik
- Lala Lajpat Rai Memorial Medical College (LLRM), Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250004, India
| | - Naman Vashisth
- Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452001, India
| | - Neera Raghav
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119, India.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zdravkova K, Mijanovic O, Brankovic A, Ilicheva PM, Jakovleva A, Karanovic J, Pualic M, Pualic D, Rubel AA, Savvateeva LV, Parodi A, Zamyatnin AA. Unveiling the Roles of Cysteine Proteinases F and W: From Structure to Pathological Implications and Therapeutic Targets. Cells 2024; 13:917. [PMID: 38891048 PMCID: PMC11171618 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cysteine cathepsins F and W are members of the papain-like cysteine protease family, which have distinct structural features and functional roles in various physiological and pathological processes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the structure, biological functions, and pathological implications of cathepsins F and W. Beginning with an introduction to these proteases, we delve into their structural characteristics and elucidate their unique features that dictate their enzymatic activities and substrate specificity. We also explore the intricate involvement of cathepsins F and W in malignancies, highlighting their role as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer progression. Furthermore, we discuss the emerging roles of these enzymes in immune response modulation and neurological disorders, shedding light on their implications in autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we review the landscape of inhibitors targeting these proteases, highlighting their therapeutic potential and challenges in clinical translation. This review brings together the diverse facets of cysteine cathepsins F and W, providing insights into their roles in health and disease and guiding future investigations for therapeutic advances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Zdravkova
- AD Alkaloid Skopje, Boulevard Alexander the Great 12, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia;
| | - Olja Mijanovic
- Dia-M, LCC, 7 b.3 Magadanskaya Str., 129345 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Ana Brankovic
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Forensic Sciences and Engineering, University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies, Cara Dusana 196, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Polina M. Ilicheva
- Institute of Chemistry, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Street 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia;
| | | | - Jelena Karanovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444A, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Milena Pualic
- Institute Cardiovascular Diseases Dedinje, Heroja Milana Tepica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Dusan Pualic
- Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Aleksandr A. Rubel
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Lyudmila V. Savvateeva
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alessandro Parodi
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia;
| | - Andrey A. Zamyatnin
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jiao Q, Zheng Y, Xie Q, Luo X, Zhou S, Pei S, Zhang T, Wu X, Xu K, Zhong W. A Dual-Responsive Morphologically-Adaptable Nanoplatform for Targeted Delivery of Activatable Photosensitizers in Precision Photodynamic Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309054. [PMID: 38081131 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective approach for treating melanoma. However, the photosensitizers employed in PDT can accumulate in healthy tissues, potentially causing harm to normal cells and resulting in side effects such as heightened photosensitivity. To address this, an activatable photosensitizer (PSD) by linking PpIX with a fluorescence quencher using a disulfide bond is designed. PSD responded to endogenous GSH, showing high selectivity for A375 cells. To enhance PSD's bioavailability and anticancer efficacy, an enzyme-responsive nanoplatform based on a lonidamine-derived self-assembling peptide is developed. Initially, PSD and the peptide self-assembled into nanoparticles, displaying potent tumor targeting of PSD in vivo. Upon cell uptake, these nanoparticles specifically responded to elevated cathepsin B, causing nanoparticle disintegration and releasing PSD and lonidamine prodrug (LND-1). PSD is selectively activated by GSH for cancer-specific fluorescence imaging and precision PDT, while LND-1 targeted mitochondria, forming a fibrous lonidamine depot in situ and intensifying photosensitizer's cytotoxicity through ROS generation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and DNA damage. Notably, intravenous administration of LND-1-PEG@PSD with light irradiation significantly suppressed A375-xenografted mouse tumor growth, with minimal systemic toxicity. Together, the synergy of activatable photosensitizer and enzyme-responsive nanoplatform elevates PDT precision and diminishes side effects, showcasing significant potential in the realm of cancer nanomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qishu Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yaxin Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qinqing Xie
- Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xuan Luo
- Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shuyao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shicheng Pei
- Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiaoxing Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Keming Xu
- Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wenying Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Filho FDSA, Santiago LH, Fernandes ACN, Korn GP, Pontes PADL, Camponês do Brasil ODO. Preliminary Correlation of the Immunoexpression of Cathepsin B and E-Cadherin Proteins in Vocal Fold Leukoplakia. J Voice 2024; 38:760-767. [PMID: 34663533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Early identification of vocal fold leukoplakia (VFL), which has a risk of progressing to malignant transformation, remains a controversial topic. The identification of biological markers for diagnosing these lesions would lead to a more effective treatment. We aimed to analyze the immunoexpression of cathepsin B and E-cadherin in VFL and correlate it with clinical and epidemiological data and disease prognosis. METHODS Thirty-two patients with VFL treated with microsurgery were retrospectively evaluated. The patients were distributed according to the histological results into Group A (low grade) and Group B (high grade). The expression of markers was quantitatively determined as per their staining intensity and tissue distribution using ImageLab. The index of expression (IE) of each marker was correlated with tobacco and alcohol consumption, signs of laryngopharyngeal reflux, and local recurrence of the lesion. RESULTS The correlation between the IE of markers and variables within the two groups (A and B) demonstrated that patients in Group B with local recurrence had a higher IE of cathepsin B. When all patients (A + B) were included, the same analysis demonstrated that the IE of cathepsin B was higher among smokers and patients who did not show signs of reflux and that the IE of E-cadherin was higher only in patients with recurrence. CONCLUSION Patients with moderate to severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ who smoked as well as had a high IE of cathepsin B were more prone to local recurrence. Regardless of the type of histological lesion, patients with signs of laryngopharyngeal reflux had a lower IE of cathepsin B. The IE of E-cadherin was higher among patients with VFL who relapsed after initial treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco de Souza Amorim Filho
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery of the Federal University of São Paulo, Paulista School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Carolina Nascimento Fernandes
- Laboratório de Ensino e Pesquisa em Otorrinolaringologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília/DF, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Polacow Korn
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head, Neck Surgery of the Federal University of São Paulo, Paulista School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Augusto de Lima Pontes
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery of the Federal University of São Paulo, Paulista Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kumar A, Arya P, Giovannuzzi S, Mohan B, Raghav N, Supuran CT, Sharma PK. Novel 1,2,4-triazoles as selective carbonic anhydrase inhibitors showing ancillary anticathepsin B activity. Future Med Chem 2024; 16:689-706. [PMID: 38573017 PMCID: PMC11221327 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Exploration of the multi-target approach considering both human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) IX and XII and cathepsin B is a promising strategy to target cancer. Methodology & Results: 22 novel 1,2,4-triazole derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibition efficacy against hCA I, II, IX, XII isoforms and cathepsin B. The compounds demonstrated effective inhibition against hCA IX and/or XII isoforms with considerable selectivity over off-target hCA I/II. All compounds presented significant anticathepsin B activities at a low concentration of 10-7 M and in vitro results were also supported by the molecular modeling studies. Conclusion: Insights of present study can be utilized in the rational design of effective and selective hCA IX and XII inhibitors capable of inhibiting cathepsin B.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
| | - Priyanka Arya
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
| | - Simone Giovannuzzi
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical & Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Brij Mohan
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa, 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Neera Raghav
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical & Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Pawan K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Huang X, Deng H, Zhang B, Wang K, Qu Y, Li T, Liu T. The causal relationship between cathepsins and digestive system tumors: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1365138. [PMID: 38590662 PMCID: PMC10999587 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1365138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple studies have confirmed the significant role of cathepsins in the development and progression of digestive system tumors. However, further investigation is needed to determine the causal relationships. Methods We conducted a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study using pooled data from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to assess the causal associations between nine cathepsins (cathepsin B, E, F, G, H, L2, O, S, and Z) and six types of digestive system tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), pancreatic cancer (PCa), biliary tract cancer (BTC), colorectal cancer (CRC), gastric carcinoma (GC), and esophageal cancer (EC). We employed the following methods including inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median (WM), Cochran's Q, MR-PRESSO, MR-Egger intercept test and leave-one-out sensitivity analysis. The STROBE-MR checklist for the reporting of MR studies was used in this study. Results The risk of HCC increased with high levels of cathepsin G (IVW: p = 0.029, odds ratio (OR) = 1.369, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.033-1.814). Similarly, BTC was associated with elevated cathepsin B levels (IVW: p = 0.025, OR = 1.693, 95% CI = 1.070-2.681). Conversely, a reduction in PCa risk was associated with increased cathepsin H levels (IVW: p = 0.027, OR = 0.896, 95% CI = 0.812-0.988). Lastly, high levels of cathepsin L2 were found to lower the risk of CRC (IVW: p = 0.034, OR = 0.814, 95% CI = 0.674-0.985). Conclusion Our findings confirm the causal relationship between cathepsins and digestive system tumors, which can offer valuable insights for the diagnosis and treatment of digestive system tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xupeng Huang
- Graduate School, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Houbo Deng
- Department of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Graduate School, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Kuisong Wang
- Graduate School, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Graduate School, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Tiejun Liu
- Department of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li H, Liang B, Gao X, Peng Y, Liu Q, Qiu L, Lin J. Cathepsin B-Activated PET Tracer for In Vivo Tumor Imaging. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:1382-1389. [PMID: 38372213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Cathepsin B, a lysosomal protease, is considered as a crucial biomarker for tumor diagnosis and treatment as it is overexpressed in numerous cancers. A stimulus-responsive SF scaffold has been reported to detect the activity of a variety of tumor-associated enzymes. In this work, a small-molecule PET tracer ([68Ga]NOTA-SF-CV) was developed by combining an SF scaffold with a cathepsin B-specific recognition substrate Cit-Val. Upon activation by cathepsin B, [68Ga]NOTA-SF-CV could form the cyclization product in a reduction environment, resulting in reduced hydrophilicity. This unique property could effectively prevent exocytosis of the tracer in cathepsin B-overexpressing tumor cells, leading to prolonged retention and amplified PET imaging signal. Moreover, [68Ga]NOTA-SF-CV had great targeting specificity to cathepsin B. In vivo microPET imaging results showed that [68Ga]NOTA-SF-CV was able to effectively visualize the expression level of cathepsin B in various tumors. Hence, [68Ga]NOTA-SF-CV may be served as a potential tracer for diagnosing cathepsin B-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huirong Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Beibei Liang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Xiaoqing Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Ying Peng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Qingzhu Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Jianguo Lin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Siwach K, Rani M, Vats L, Giovannuzzi S, Paul AK, Brahma M, Kumari N, Maruthi M, Raghav N, Supuran CT, Sharma PK. 1,2,3-Triazole-based esters and carboxylic acids as nonclassical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors capable of cathepsin B inhibition. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300372. [PMID: 38012535 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a library of 28 new 1,2,3-triazole derivatives bearing carboxylic acid and ester moieties as dual inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase (CA) and cathepsin B enzymes. The synthesised compounds were assayed in vitro for their inhibition potential against four human CA (hCA) isoforms, I, II, IX and XII. The carboxylic acid derivatives displayed low micromolar inhibition against hCA II, IX and XII in contrast to the ester derivatives. Most of the target compounds showed poor inhibition against the hCA I isoform. 4-Fluorophenyl appended carboxylic acid derivative 6c was found to be the most potent inhibitor of hCA IX and hCA XII with a KI value of 0.7 μM for both the isoforms. The newly synthesised compounds showed dual inhibition towards CA as well as cathepsin B. The ester derivatives exhibited higher % inhibition at 10-7 M concentration as compared with the corresponding carboxylic acid derivatives against cathepsin B. The results from in silico studies of the target compounds with the active site of cathepsin B were found in good correlation with the in vitro results. Moreover, two compounds, 5i and 6c, showed cytotoxic activity against A549 lung cancer cells, with IC50 values lower than 100 μM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Siwach
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Manishita Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Lalit Vats
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Bherian, Pehowa, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Simone Giovannuzzi
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Avijit Kumar Paul
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Mettle Brahma
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Neetu Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Mulaka Maruthi
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Neera Raghav
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pawan K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Baeva ME, Tottenham I, Koch M, Camara-Lemarroy C. Biomarkers of disability worsening in inactive primary progressive multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2024; 387:578268. [PMID: 38157653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate serum biomarkers of progression in inactive primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS). METHODS We measured protein biomarkers (growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), dickkopf-1 (DKK-1), neuron specific enolase (NSE) and cathepsin-D) in serum samples from 39 patients with inactive PPMS included in a clinical trial enrolling people with PPMS (clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT02913157) and investigated the association of these biomarker levels with clinical disability at baseline and during follow-up. We then performed a meta-analysis of publicly available transcriptomic datasets to investigate the gene expression of these biomarkers in the CNS in progressive MS. RESULTS When compared with healthy controls, people with PPMS had higher serum levels of GDF-15, DKK-1 and cathepsin-D at baseline. These findings match those in our meta-analysis which found increased expression of GDF-15 and cathepsin-D in the CNS in progressive MS. At baseline, elevated serum DKK-1 was associated with worse Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and nine-hole peg test (9HPT) scores. None of the other biomarkers levels significantly correlated with EDSS, Timed 25-Foot Walk Test (T25FWT), 9HPT, or cognitive measures. However, serum GDF-15 and cathepsin-D were higher at baseline in participants who developed worsening disability. Our receiver operating characteristic curve showed that higher serum GDF-15 and cathepsin-D at baseline significantly discriminated between participants who worsened in T25FWT and 9HPT and those who remained stable. CONCLUSIONS Patients with PPMS have altered levels of GDF-15, DKK-1 and cathepsin-D in serum, and GDF-15 and cathepsin-D may have predictive value in progression free of inflammatory activity in PPMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Elizabeth Baeva
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Isabelle Tottenham
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Marcus Koch
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Carlos Camara-Lemarroy
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jafari-Nozad AM, Jafari A, Yousefi S, Bakhshi H, Farkhondeh T, Samarghandian S. Anti-gout and Urate-lowering Potentials of Curcumin: A Review from Bench to Beside. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:3715-3732. [PMID: 37488765 DOI: 10.2174/0929867331666230721154653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gouty arthritis is a complex form of inflammatory arthritis, triggered by the sedimentation of monosodium urate crystals in periarticular tissues, synovial joints, and other sites in the body. Curcumin is a natural polyphenol compound, isolated from the rhizome of the plant Curcuma longa, possessing countless physiological features, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-rheumatic qualities. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to discuss the beneficial impacts of curcumin and its mechanism in treating gout disease. METHODS Ten English and Persian databases were used to conduct a thorough literature search. Studies examining the anti-gouty arthritis effects of curcumin and meeting the inclusion criteria were included. RESULTS According to the studies, curcumin has shown xanthine oxidase and urate transporter- 1 inhibitory properties, uric acid inhibitory characteristics, and antioxidant and anti- inflammatory effects. However, some articles found no prominent reduction in uric acid levels. CONCLUSION In this review, we emphasized the potency of curcumin and its compounds against gouty arthritis. Despite the potency, we suggest an additional well-designed evaluation of curcumin, before its therapeutic effectiveness is completely approved as an antigouty arthritis agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amirsajad Jafari
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saman Yousefi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hasan Bakhshi
- Vector-borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur 9318614139, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Rodrigues EG, Dobroff AS, Arruda DC, Tada DB, Paschoalin T, Polonelli L. A limitless Brazilian scientist: Professor Travassos and his contribution to cancer biology. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2551-2560. [PMID: 37589929 PMCID: PMC10689629 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Luiz Rodolpho Travassos, a Brazilian scientist recognized in several areas of research, began his studies in the field of oncology in the late 1970s when he took a sabbatical at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY, USA. At that time, the discovery and characterization of human melanoma glycoprotein antigens yielded important publications. This experience allowed 16 years later, and Dr. Travassos founded UNONEX, significantly contributing with discoveries in the area of oncology and training of researchers. This review will address all the contributions of team of researchers who, together with Dr. Travassos, collaborated with investigations into molecules and processes that lead to the development of melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine G Rodrigues
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Andrey S Dobroff
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center (UNMCCC), Albuquerque, USA
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico (UNM) School of Medicine, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Denise C Arruda
- Integrated Group of Biotechnology, University of Mogi das Cruzes, UMC, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil
| | - Dayane B Tada
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Thaysa Paschoalin
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luciano Polonelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abdelaziz RF, Hussein AM, Kotob MH, Weiss C, Chelminski K, Studenik CR, Aufy M. The Significance of Cathepsin B in Mediating Radiation Resistance in Colon Carcinoma Cell Line (Caco-2). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16146. [PMID: 38003335 PMCID: PMC10671642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathepsins (Caths) are lysosomal proteases that participate in various physiological and pathological processes. Accumulating evidence suggests that caths play a multifaceted role in cancer progression and radiotherapy resistance responses. Their proteolytic activity influences the tumor's response to radiation by affecting oxygenation, nutrient availability, and immune cell infiltration within the tumor microenvironment. Cathepsin-mediated DNA repair mechanisms can promote radioresistance in cancer cells, limiting the efficacy of radiotherapy. Additionally, caths have been associated with the activation of prosurvival signaling pathways, such as PI3K/Akt and NF-κB, which can confer resistance to radiation-induced cell death. However, the effectiveness of radiotherapy can be limited by intrinsic or acquired resistance mechanisms in cancer cells. In this study, the regulation and expression of cathepsin B (cath B) in the colon carcinoma cell line (caco-2) before and after exposure to radiation were investigated. Cells were exposed to escalating ionizing radiation doses (2 Gy, 4 Gy, 6 Gy, 8 Gy, and 10 Gy). Analysis of protein expression, in vitro labeling using activity-based probes DCG04, and cath B pull-down revealed a radiation-induced up-regulation of cathepsin B in a dose-independent manner. Proteolytic inhibition of cathepsin B by cathepsin B specific inhibitor CA074 has increased the cytotoxic effect and cell death due to ionizing irradiation treatment in caco-2 cells. Similar results were also obtained after cathepsin B knockout by CRISPR CAS9. Furthermore, upon exposure to radiation treatment, the inhibition of cath B led to a significant upregulation in the expression of the proapoptotic protein BAX, while it induced a significant reduction in the expression of the antiapoptotic protein BCL-2. These results showed that cathepsin B could contribute to ionizing radiation resistance, and the abolishment of cathepsin B, either by inhibition of its proteolytic activity or expression, has increased the caco-2 cells susceptibility to ionizing irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramadan F. Abdelaziz
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (R.F.A.); (A.M.H.); (M.H.K.); (C.W.); (M.A.)
- Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramer Str. 5, 1400 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Ahmed M. Hussein
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (R.F.A.); (A.M.H.); (M.H.K.); (C.W.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohamed H. Kotob
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (R.F.A.); (A.M.H.); (M.H.K.); (C.W.); (M.A.)
| | - Christina Weiss
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (R.F.A.); (A.M.H.); (M.H.K.); (C.W.); (M.A.)
| | - Krzysztof Chelminski
- Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramer Str. 5, 1400 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Christian R. Studenik
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (R.F.A.); (A.M.H.); (M.H.K.); (C.W.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammed Aufy
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (R.F.A.); (A.M.H.); (M.H.K.); (C.W.); (M.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sun L, Liu H, Ye Y, Lei Y, Islam R, Tan S, Tong R, Miao YB, Cai L. Smart nanoparticles for cancer therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:418. [PMID: 37919282 PMCID: PMC10622502 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01642-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Smart nanoparticles, which can respond to biological cues or be guided by them, are emerging as a promising drug delivery platform for precise cancer treatment. The field of oncology, nanotechnology, and biomedicine has witnessed rapid progress, leading to innovative developments in smart nanoparticles for safer and more effective cancer therapy. In this review, we will highlight recent advancements in smart nanoparticles, including polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, micelles, liposomes, protein nanoparticles, cell membrane nanoparticles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, iron oxide nanoparticles, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, black phosphorus, MOF nanoparticles, and others. We will focus on their classification, structures, synthesis, and intelligent features. These smart nanoparticles possess the ability to respond to various external and internal stimuli, such as enzymes, pH, temperature, optics, and magnetism, making them intelligent systems. Additionally, this review will explore the latest studies on tumor targeting by functionalizing the surfaces of smart nanoparticles with tumor-specific ligands like antibodies, peptides, transferrin, and folic acid. We will also summarize different types of drug delivery options, including small molecules, peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, and even living cells, for their potential use in cancer therapy. While the potential of smart nanoparticles is promising, we will also acknowledge the challenges and clinical prospects associated with their use. Finally, we will propose a blueprint that involves the use of artificial intelligence-powered nanoparticles in cancer treatment applications. By harnessing the potential of smart nanoparticles, this review aims to usher in a new era of precise and personalized cancer therapy, providing patients with individualized treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leming Sun
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
- School of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment in Special Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Yanqi Ye
- Sorrento Therapeutics Inc., 4955 Directors Place, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Yang Lei
- School of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment in Special Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Rehmat Islam
- School of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment in Special Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Sumin Tan
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Rongsheng Tong
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Yang-Bao Miao
- Department of Haematology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Lulu Cai
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kumar A, Arya P, Sharma V, Giovannuzzi S, Raghav N, Supuran CT, Sharma PK. Potent inhibitors of tumor associated carbonic anhydrases endowed with cathepsin B inhibition. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300349. [PMID: 37704930 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-one novel extended analogs of acetazolamide were synthesized and screened in vitro for their inhibition efficacy against human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) isoforms I, II, IX, XII, and cathepsin B. The majority of the compounds were found to be effective inhibitors of tumor-associated hCA IX and XII, and poor inhibitors of cytosolic hCA I. Despite the strong to moderate inhibition potential possessed by these compounds toward another cytosolic isoform hCA II, some of them demonstrated better potency against hCA IX and/or XII isoforms as compared to hCA II. Four compounds (11f, 11g, 12c, and 12g) effectively inhibited hCA IX and/or XII isoforms with considerable selectivity over the off-targets hCA I and II. Interestingly, five compounds, including 11f, 11g, 12c, 12d, and 12g, inhibited hCA IX even better than the clinically used acetazolamide. Some of the novel synthesized compounds exhibited higher anti-cathepsin B potential than acetazolamide, with % inhibition of around 50%, at a concentration of 10-7 M. Further, two compounds (12g and 12c) that showed effective and selective inhibition activity profiles against hCA IX and XII were additionally found to be effective inhibitors of cathepsin B.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Priyanka Arya
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Vikas Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
- Department of Chemistry, Pt. Chiranji Lal Sharma Government College, Karnal, India
| | - Simone Giovannuzzi
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Neera Raghav
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pawan K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Saroha B, Kumar G, Arya P, Raghav N, Kumar S. Some morpholine tethered novel aurones: Design, synthesis, biological, kinetic and molecular docking studies. Bioorg Chem 2023; 140:106805. [PMID: 37634269 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes are the biological macromolecules that have emerged as an important drug target as their upregulation/imbalance leads to various pathological conditions, such as inflammation, parasitic infection, Alzheimer's, cancer, and many others. Here, we designed and synthesized some morpholine tethered novel aurones and evaluated them as potential inhibitors for CTSB, α-amylase, lipase and activator for trypsin. All the newly synthesized compounds were fully characterized by various spectroscopic techniques (1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS) and the Z-configuration to them was assigned based on single crystal XRD data and 1H NMR chemical shift values. Further, the hybrids were evaluated for their intracellular (cathepsin B) and extracellular (trypsin, lipase, amylase) enzyme inhibition potencies. The in-vitro inhibition screening against cathepsin B revealed that most of the synthesized compounds are good competitive inhibitors (% inhibition = 22.91-75.04), with 6q (% inhibition = 75.04) and 6r (% inhibition = 71.13) as the eminent inhibitors of the series. At the same time, they exhibited weak to moderate inhibition towards amylase (% inhibition = 7.22-22.48) and lipase (% inhibition = 16.29-54.83). A significant trypsin activation (% activation = 107.42-196.47) was observed even at the micromolar concentration of the compounds. Furthermore, the drug-modeling studies showed a good correlation between the in-vitro experimental results and the calculated binding affinity of the screened compounds with all the tested enzymes. These findings are expected to provide a new lead in drug development for different pathological disorders wherever these enzymes are involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhavna Saroha
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
| | - Gourav Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), 2730 S Moody Ave., Portland, OR 97201
| | - Priyanka Arya
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
| | - Neera Raghav
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li J, Tang M, Gao X, Tian S, Liu W. Mendelian randomization analyses explore the relationship between cathepsins and lung cancer. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1019. [PMID: 37805623 PMCID: PMC10560205 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05408-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer, a major contributor to cancer-related fatalities worldwide, involves a complex pathogenesis. Cathepsins, lysosomal cysteine proteases, play roles in various physiological and pathological processes, including tumorigenesis. Observational studies have suggested an association between cathepsins and lung cancer. However, the causal link between the cathepsin family and lung cancer remains undetermined. This study employed Mendelian randomization analyses to investigate this causal association. The univariable Mendelian randomization analysis results indicate that elevated cathepsin H levels increase the overall risk of lung cancer, adenocarcinoma, and lung cancer among smokers. Conversely, reverse Mendelian randomization analyses suggest that squamous carcinoma may lead to increased cathepsin B levels. A multivariable analysis using nine cathepsins as covariates reveals that elevated cathepsin H levels lead to an increased overall risk of lung cancer, adenocarcinoma, and lung cancer in smokers. In conclusion, cathepsin H may serve as a marker for lung cancer, potentially inspiring directions in lung cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, PR China
| | - Mingbo Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, PR China
| | - Xinliang Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, PR China
| | - Suyan Tian
- Division of Clinical Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, PR China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abdoli M, Krasniqi V, Bonardi A, Gütschow M, Supuran CT, Žalubovskis R. 4-Cyanamido-substituted benzenesulfonamides act as dual carbonic anhydrase and cathepsin inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2023; 139:106725. [PMID: 37442043 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
A set of novel N-cyano-N-substituted 4-aminobenzenesulfonamide derivatives were synthesized and investigated for their inhibitory activity against four cytosolic carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms (hCA I, II, VII and XIII) and two cathepsins (S and B). N-alkyl/benzyl-substituted derivatives were revealed to be very potent inhibitors against brain-associated hCA VII, but inactive against both cathepsins. On the other hand, N-acyl-substituted derivatives displayed significant inhibitory activities against cathepsin S, but only moderate to poor inhibitory potency against hCA VII. Both hCA VII and cathepsin S have recently been validated as therapeutic targets in neuropathic pain. This study provided an excellent starting point for further structural optimization of this class of bifunctional compounds to enhance their inhibitory activity and selectivity against hCA VII and cathepsin S and to achieve new compounds with an attractive dual mechanism of action as anti-neuropathic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Abdoli
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Vesa Krasniqi
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alessandro Bonardi
- Neurofarba Department, Universita Degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Universita Degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy.
| | - Raivis Žalubovskis
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia; Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Cao W, Chen X, Xiao C, Lin D, Li Y, Luo S, Zeng Z, Sun B, Lei S. Ar-turmerone inhibits the proliferation and mobility of glioma by downregulating cathepsin B. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:9377-9390. [PMID: 37768200 PMCID: PMC10564430 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Ar-turmerone, a compound isolated from turmeric seeds, has exhibited anti-malignant, anti-aging and anti-inflammatory properties. Here, we assessed the effects of ar-turmerone on glioma cells. U251, U87 and LN229 glioma cell lines were treated with different concentrations of ar-turmerone (0, 50, 100 and 200 μM), and their viability and mobility were evaluated using Cell Counting Kit 8, colony formation, wound healing and Transwell assays. The effects of ar-turmerone on U251 glioma cell proliferation were also assessed using a subcutaneous implantation tumor model. High-throughput sequencing, bioinformatic analyses and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions were used to identify the key signaling pathways and targets of ar-turmerone. Ar-turmerone reduced the proliferation rate and mobility of glioma cells in vitro and arrested cell division at G1/S phase. Cathepsin B was identified as a key target of ar-turmerone in glioma cells. Ar-turmerone treatment reduced cathepsin B expression and inhibited the cleavage of its target protein P27 in glioma cells. On the other hand, cathepsin B overexpression reversed the inhibitory effects of ar-turmerone on glioma cell proliferation, mobility progression in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, ar-turmerone suppressed cathepsin B expression and P27 cleavage, thereby inhibiting the proliferation and mobility of glioma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Cao
- Department of Anatomy, Key Laboratory of Human Brain Bank for Functions and Diseases of Department of Education of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550009, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaozong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Jinyang Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550009, Guizhou, China
| | - Chaolun Xiao
- Department of Anatomy, Key Laboratory of Human Brain Bank for Functions and Diseases of Department of Education of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550009, Guizhou, China
| | - Dengxiao Lin
- Department of Anatomy, Key Laboratory of Human Brain Bank for Functions and Diseases of Department of Education of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550009, Guizhou, China
| | - Yumei Li
- Department of Anatomy, Key Laboratory of Human Brain Bank for Functions and Diseases of Department of Education of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550009, Guizhou, China
| | - Shipeng Luo
- Department of Anatomy, Key Laboratory of Human Brain Bank for Functions and Diseases of Department of Education of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550009, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhirui Zeng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550009, Guizhou, China
| | - Baofei Sun
- Department of Anatomy, Key Laboratory of Human Brain Bank for Functions and Diseases of Department of Education of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550009, Guizhou, China
| | - Shan Lei
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550009, Guizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zeng S, Liu X, Kafuti YS, Kim H, Wang J, Peng X, Li H, Yoon J. Fluorescent dyes based on rhodamine derivatives for bioimaging and therapeutics: recent progress, challenges, and prospects. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5607-5651. [PMID: 37485842 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00799a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Since their inception, rhodamine dyes have been extensively applied in biotechnology as fluorescent markers or for the detection of biomolecules owing to their good optical physical properties. Accordingly, they have emerged as a powerful tool for the visualization of living systems. In addition to fluorescence bioimaging, the molecular design of rhodamine derivatives with disease therapeutic functions (e.g., cancer and bacterial infection) has recently attracted increased research attention, which is significantly important for the construction of molecular libraries for diagnostic and therapeutic integration. However, reviews focusing on integrated design strategies for rhodamine dye-based diagnosis and treatment and their wide application in disease treatment are extremely rare. In this review, first, a brief history of the development of rhodamine fluorescent dyes, the transformation of rhodamine fluorescent dyes from bioimaging to disease therapy, and the concept of optics-based diagnosis and treatment integration and its significance to human development are presented. Next, a systematic review of several excellent rhodamine-based derivatives for bioimaging, as well as for disease diagnosis and treatment, is presented. Finally, the challenges in practical integration of rhodamine-based diagnostic and treatment dyes and the future outlook of clinical translation are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China.
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaosheng Liu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yves S Kafuti
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Heejeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Jingyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China.
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Haidong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China.
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian 116024, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Medical Engineering for Gastrointestinal Carcinoma, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute), Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wang J, Zheng M, Yang X, Zhou X, Zhang S. The Role of Cathepsin B in Pathophysiologies of Non-tumor and Tumor tissues: A Systematic Review. J Cancer 2023; 14:2344-2358. [PMID: 37576397 PMCID: PMC10414043 DOI: 10.7150/jca.86531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin B (CTSB), a lysosomal cysteine protease, plays an important role in human physiology and pathology. CTSB is associated with various human diseases, and its expression level and activity are closely related to disease progression and severity. Physiologically, CTSB is integrated into almost all lysosome-related processes, including protein turnover, degradation, and lysosome-mediated cell death. CTSB can lead to the development of various pathological processes through degradation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. During tumor development and progression, CTSB has two opposing effects. Its pro-apoptotic properties reduce malignancy, while its proteolytic enzymatic activity promotes invasion and metastasis, thereby inducing malignancy. Here, we discuss the roles of CTSB in tumor and non-tumor disease pathophysiologies. We conclude that targeting the activity or expression of CTSB may be important for treating tumor and non-tumor diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangping Wang
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China
| | - Minying Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300071, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P.R. China
| | - Xinyue Zhou
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, P.R. China
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300071, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
You M, Song Y, Chen J, Liu Y, Chen W, Cen Y, Zhao X, Tao Z, Yang G. Combined exposure to benzo(a)pyrene and dibutyl phthalate aggravates pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization in spleen via pyroptosis involving cathepsin B. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 881:163460. [PMID: 37061049 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Humans are often simultaneously exposed to benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) through consumption of food and water. Yet, direct evidence of the link between BaP and DBP co-exposure and the risk of splenic injury is lacking. In the present study, we established the rats and primary splenic macrophages models to evaluate the effects of BaP or/and DBP exposure on spleen and underlying mechanisms. Compared to the single exposure or control groups, the co-exposure group showed more severe spleen damage and higher production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Co-exposure to BaP and DBP resulted in a 1.79-fold, 2.11-fold and 1.9-fold increase in the M1 macrophage markers iNOS, NLRP3 (pyroptosis marker protein) and cathepsin B (CTSB), respectively, and a 0.8-fold decrease in the M2 macrophage marker Arg1 in vivo. The more prominent effects in perturbation of imbalance in M1/M2 polarization (iNOS, 2.25-fold; Arg1, 0.55-fold), pyroptosis (NLRP3, 1.43-fold), and excess CTSB (1.07-fold) in macrophages caused by BaP and DBP co-exposure in vitro were also found. Notably, MCC950 (the NLRP3-specific inhibitor) treatment attenuated the pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization and following pro-inflammatory cytokine production triggered by BaP and DBP co-exposure. Furthermore, CA-074Me (the CTSB-specific inhibitor) suppressed the macrophages pyroptosis, pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization, and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine induced by BaP and DBP co-exposure. In conclusion, this study indicates co-exposure to BaP and DBP poses a higher risk of spleen injury. Pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization regulated by pyroptosis involving CTSB underlies the spleen injury caused by BaP and DBP co-exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingdan You
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yawen Song
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yining Liu
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wenyan Chen
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yanli Cen
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaodeng Zhao
- Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Zhongfa Tao
- Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Ganghong Yang
- Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China; School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhou L, He F, Xiang X, Dong C, Xiang T, Li X, Li H, Bu L, Wang Y, Ma X. Radioactive and Fluorescent Dual Modality Cysteine Cathepsin B Activity-Based Probe for Cancer Theranostics. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:3539-3548. [PMID: 37289648 PMCID: PMC10324598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine cathepsin B (CTS-B) is a crucial enzyme that is overexpressed in numerous malignancies and contributes to the invasion and metastasis of cancer. Therefore, this study sets out to develop and evaluate an activity-based multimodality theranostic agent targeting CTS-B for cancer imaging and therapy. A CTS-B activity-based probe, BMX2, was synthesized and labeled efficiently with 68Ga and 90Y to produce 68Ga-BMX2 for multimodality imaging and 90Y-BMX2 for radiation therapy. The affinity and specificity of BMX2 binding with the CTS-B enzyme were determined by fluorescent western blots using recombined active human CTS-B enzyme (rh-CTS-B) and four cancer cell lines including HeLa, HepG2, MCF7, and U87MG, with CA074 as the CTS-B inhibitor for control. Confocal laser scanning microscope imaging and cell uptake measurement were also performed. Then, in vivo PET imaging and fluorescence imaging were acquired on HeLa xenografts. Finally, the therapeutic effect of 90Y-BMX2 was tested. BMX2 could be specifically activated by rh-CTS-B and stably bound to the enzyme. The binding of BMX2 with CTS-B is time-dependent and enzyme concentration-dependent. Although CTS-B expression varied between cell lines, all showed significant uptake of BMX2 and 68Ga-BMX2. In vivo optical and PET imaging showed a high tumor uptake of BMX2 and 68Ga-BMX2 and accumulation for more than 24 h. 90Y-BMX2 could significantly inhibit HeLa tumor growth. The development of 68Ga/90Y-BMX2, a radioactive and fluorescent dual modality theranostic agent, demonstrated an effective theranostic approach for PET diagnostic imaging, fluorescence imaging, and radionuclide therapy of cancers, which may have a potential for clinical translation for cancer theranostics in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lianbo Zhou
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, The 2nd Xiangya Hospital
of Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, PR China
| | - Feng He
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, The 2nd Xiangya Hospital
of Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, PR China
| | - Xin Xiang
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, The 2nd Xiangya Hospital
of Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, PR China
| | - Chuning Dong
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, The 2nd Xiangya Hospital
of Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, PR China
| | - Tian Xiang
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, The 2nd Xiangya Hospital
of Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, PR China
| | - Xian Li
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, The 2nd Xiangya Hospital
of Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, PR China
| | - Hong Li
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, The 2nd Xiangya Hospital
of Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, PR China
| | - Lihong Bu
- Molecular
Imaging Centre, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan
University, 99 Zhang Zhi Dong Road, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Yunhua Wang
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, The 2nd Xiangya Hospital
of Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, The 2nd Xiangya Hospital
of Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lin Z, Zhao S, Li X, Miao Z, Cao J, Chen Y, Shi Z, Zhang J, Wang D, Chen S, Wang L, Gu A, Chen F, Yang T, Sun K, Han Y, Xie L, Chen H, Ji Y. Cathepsin B S-nitrosylation promotes ADAR1-mediated editing of its own mRNA transcript via an ADD1/MATR3 regulatory axis. Cell Res 2023; 33:546-561. [PMID: 37156877 PMCID: PMC10313700 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-023-00812-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic information is generally transferred from RNA to protein according to the classic "Central Dogma". Here, we made a striking discovery that post-translational modification of a protein specifically regulates the editing of its own mRNA. We show that S-nitrosylation of cathepsin B (CTSB) exclusively alters the adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing of its own mRNA. Mechanistically, CTSB S-nitrosylation promotes the dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation of ADD1, leading to the recruitment of MATR3 and ADAR1 to CTSB mRNA. ADAR1-mediated A-to-I RNA editing enables the binding of HuR to CTSB mRNA, resulting in increased CTSB mRNA stability and subsequently higher steady-state levels of CTSB protein. Together, we uncovered a unique feedforward mechanism of protein expression regulation mediated by the ADD1/MATR3/ADAR1 regulatory axis. Our study demonstrates a novel reverse flow of information from the post-translational modification of a protein back to the post-transcriptional regulation of its own mRNA precursor. We coined this process as "Protein-directed EDiting of its Own mRNA by ADAR1 (PEDORA)" and suggest that this constitutes an additional layer of protein expression control. "PEDORA" could represent a currently hidden mechanism in eukaryotic gene expression regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Lin
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zian Miao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiawei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yurong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiguang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongjin Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Institute of Cardiothoracic Vascular Disease, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaoliang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liansheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aihua Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kangyun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Liping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hongshan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (NKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, the Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Egorova VS, Kolesova EP, Lopus M, Yan N, Parodi A, Zamyatnin AA. Smart Delivery Systems Responsive to Cathepsin B Activity for Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1848. [PMID: 37514035 PMCID: PMC10386206 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin B is a lysosomal cysteine protease, contributing to vital cellular homeostatic processes including protein turnover, macroautophagy of damaged organelles, antigen presentation, and in the extracellular space, it takes part in tissue remodeling, prohormone processing, and activation. However, aberrant overexpression of cathepsin B and its enzymatic activity is associated with different pathological conditions, including cancer. Cathepsin B overexpression in tumor tissues makes this enzyme an important target for smart delivery systems, responsive to the activity of this enzyme. The generation of technologies which therapeutic effect is activated as a result of cathepsin B cleavage provides an opportunity for tumor-targeted therapy and controlled drug release. In this review, we summarized different technologies designed to improve current cancer treatments responsive to the activity of this enzyme that were shown to play a key role in disease progression and response to the treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vera S Egorova
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia
| | - Ekaterina P Kolesova
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia
| | - Manu Lopus
- School of Biological Sciences, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai Kalina Campus, Vidyanagari, Mumbai 400098, India
| | - Neng Yan
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Alessandro Parodi
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kolesova EP, Egorova VS, Syrocheva AO, Frolova AS, Kostyushev D, Kostyusheva A, Brezgin S, Trushina DB, Fatkhutdinova L, Zyuzin M, Demina PA, Khaydukov EV, Zamyatnin AA, Parodi A. Proteolytic Resistance Determines Albumin Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Properties and Increases Cathepsin B, D, and G Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10245. [PMID: 37373389 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteolytic activity is pivotal in maintaining cell homeostasis and function. In pathological conditions such as cancer, it covers a key role in tumor cell viability, spreading to distant organs, and response to the treatment. Endosomes represent one of the major sites of cellular proteolytic activity and very often represent the final destination of internalized nanoformulations. However, little information about nanoparticle impact on the biology of these organelles is available even though they represent the major location of drug release. In this work, we generated albumin nanoparticles with a different resistance to proteolysis by finely tuning the amount of cross-linker used to stabilize the carriers. After careful characterization of the particles and measurement of their degradation in proteolytic conditions, we determined a relationship between their sensitivity to proteases and their drug delivery properties. These phenomena were characterized by an overall increase in the expression of cathepsin proteases regardless of the different sensitivity of the particles to proteolytic degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina P Kolesova
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Vera S Egorova
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Anastasiia O Syrocheva
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Anastasiia S Frolova
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Kostyushev
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiia Kostyusheva
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Brezgin
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria B Trushina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Federal Scientific Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics", Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Mikhail Zyuzin
- School of Physics, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, 191002 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Polina A Demina
- Federal Scientific Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics", Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny V Khaydukov
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Federal Scientific Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics", Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7X, UK
| | - Alessandro Parodi
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Xu J, Ding Y, Shi C, Yuan F, Sheng X, Liu Y, Xie Y, Lu H, Duan C, Hu J, Jiang L. Identification of Cathepsin B as a Therapeutic Target for Ferroptosis of Macrophage after Spinal Cord Injury. Aging Dis 2023; 15:AD.2023.0509. [PMID: 37307830 PMCID: PMC10796092 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhage and immune cell infiltration are the main pathological features of spinal cord injury (SCI). Excessive iron deposition is caused by leaking hemosiderin which may over-activate ferroptosis pathways, resulting in lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial dysfunction in cells. Inhibiting ferroptosis after SCI has been shown to aid functional recovery. However, the essential genes involved in cellular ferroptosis following SCI are still unknown. Here we show that Ctsb is a statistical significance gene by collecting multiple transcriptomic profiles and identifying differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes, which are abundantly expressed in myeloid cells after SCI and widely distributed at the epicenter of the injury. The expression score of ferroptosis, calculated by ferroptosis driver/suppressor genes, was high in macrophages. Furthermore, we discovered that inhibiting cathepsin B (CTSB), specifically with a small-molecule drug, CA-074-methyl ester (CA-074-me), reduced lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial dysfunction in macrophages. We also found that alternatively activated M2-polarized macrophages are more susceptible to hemin-induced ferroptosis. Consequently, CA-074-me could reduce ferroptosis, induce M2 macrophage polarization, and promote the neurological function recovery of mice after SCI. Our study comprehensively analyzed the ferroptosis after SCI from the perspective of multiple transcriptomes and provided a novel molecular target for SCI treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Yinghe Ding
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Chaoran Shi
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Feifei Yuan
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Xiaolong Sheng
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Yudong Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Chunyue Duan
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Liyuan Jiang
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chen Q, Liao Y, Liu Y, Song Y, Jiang J, Zhang Z, Li A, Zheng M, Chen X, Zhao T, Gu J, Tan Y, Liu X, Jiang Y, Wang K, Yi H, Xiao J, Hu S. Identification of Fangjihuangqi Decoction as a late-stage autophagy inhibitor with an adjuvant anti-tumor effect against non-small cell lung cancer. Chin Med 2023; 18:68. [PMID: 37287052 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00770-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinically, although chemotherapy is one of the most commonly used methods of treating tumors, chemotherapeutic drugs can induce autophagic flux and increase tumor cell resistance, leading to drug tolerance. Therefore, theoretically, inhibiting autophagy may improve the efficacy of chemotherapy. The discovery of autophagy regulators and their potential application as adjuvant anti-cancer drugs is of substantial importance. In this study, we clarified that Fangjihuangqi Decoction (FJHQ, traditional Chinese medicine) is an autophagy inhibitor, which can synergistically enhance the effect of cisplatin and paclitaxel on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. METHODS We observed the changes of autophagy level in NSCLC cells under the effect of FJHQ, and verified the level of the autophagy marker protein and cathepsin. Apoptosis was detected after the combination of FJHQ with cisplatin or paclitaxel, and NAC (ROS scavenger) was further used to verify the activation of ROS-MAPK pathway by FJHQ. RESULTS We observed that FJHQ induced autophagosomes in NSCLC cells and increased the levels of P62 and LC3-II protein expression in a concentration- and time-gradient-dependent manner, indicating that autophagic flux was inhibited. Co-localization experiments further showed that while FJHQ did not inhibit autophagosome and lysosome fusion, it affected the maturation of cathepsin and thus inhibited the autophagic pathway. Finally, we found that the combination of FJHQ with cisplatin or paclitaxel increased the apoptosis rate of NSCLC cells, due to increased ROS accumulation and further activation of the ROS-MAPK pathway. This synergistic effect could be reversed by NAC. CONCLUSION Collectively, these results demonstrate that FJHQ is a novel late-stage autophagy inhibitor that can amplify the anti-tumor effect of cisplatin and paclitaxel against NSCLC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiugu Chen
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuan Liao
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yujiao Liu
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yue Song
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Junbo Jiang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Anqi Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mengyi Zheng
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Tingxiu Zhao
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiangyong Gu
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuhui Tan
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanjun Jiang
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, SAR, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hua Yi
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jianyong Xiao
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Shan Hu
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Jiang H, Dong Z, Xia X, Li X. Cathepsins in oral diseases: mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1203071. [PMID: 37334378 PMCID: PMC10272612 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1203071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathepsins are a type of lysosomal globulin hydrolase and are crucial for many physiological processes, including the resorption of bone matrix, innate immunity, apoptosis, proliferation, metastasis, autophagy, and angiogenesis. Findings regarding their functions in human physiological processes and disorders have drawn extensive attention. In this review, we will focus on the relationship between cathepsins and oral diseases. We highlight the structural and functional properties of cathepsins related to oral diseases, as well as the regulatory mechanisms in tissue and cells and their therapeutic uses. Elucidating the associated mechanism between cathepsins and oral diseases is thought to be a promising strategy for the treatment of oral diseases and may be a starting point for further studies at the molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zuoxiang Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaomin Xia
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhao J, Zhang JQ, Li TT, Qiao S, Jiang SL. Promoting liver cancer cell apoptosis effect of Tribulus terrestris L. via reducing sphingosine level was confirmed by network pharmacology with metabolomics. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17612. [PMID: 37416661 PMCID: PMC10320314 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tribulus terrestris L. (TT) is one of the most common Chinese herbs and distributes in various regions in China. TT was first documented to treat breast cancer in Shen-Nong-Ben-Cao-Jing. However, the pharmacological activities of TT extract on liver cancer have not been reported. In this study, we investigated its anti-liver cancer activity and underlying mechanism. Methods Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) and PharmMapper databases were used to obtain the active ingredients and the targets of TT. Genecards database was employed to acquire TT targets in liver cancer. Furthermore, Venny 2.1, Cytoscape 3.8.2, DAVID 6.8 software were utilized to analyze the relationship between TT and liver cancer. In vivo experiment: The animal model of liver cancer was established by injection of H22 cells into Balb/c mice. After five days, drugs were intragastrically administered to the mice daily for 10 days. Body weight, tumor size and tumor weight were recorded. Tumor inhibitory rate was calculated. Protein levels were examined by Western blotting. Pathological changes of liver cancer tissues were evaluated by HE and Tunel staining. Metabolomics study: LC-MS was used to analyze different metabolites between model and TTM groups. Results 12 active ingredients of TT, 127 targets of active ingredients, 17,378 targets of liver cancer, and 125 overlapping genes were obtained. And then, 118 items of GO biological processes (BP), 54 items of GO molecular function (MF), 35 items of GO cellular component (CC) and 128 pathways of KEGG were gotten (P < 0.05). Moreover, 47 differential metabolites were affirmed and 66 pathways of KEGG (P < 0.05) were obtained. In addition, after TT and sorafenib treatment, tumor size was markedly reduced, respectively, compared with model group. Tumor weight was significantly decreased and tumor inhibitory rate was more than 44% in TTM group. After TT treatment, many adipocytes, cracks between tumor cells and apoptosis were found. The levels of pro-Cathepsin B, Cathepsin B, Bax, Bax/Bcl2, Caspase3 and Caspase7 were markedly increased, but the level of Bcl2 was significantly reduced after TT treatment. Conclusion TT has a broad range of effects on various signaling pathways and biological processes, including the regulation of apoptosis. It exhibits antitumor activity in an animal model of liver cancer and activates the apoptotic pathway by decreasing Sph level. This study provides valuable information regarding the potential use of TT extract in the treatment of liver cancer and highlights the importance of investigating the underlying molecular mechanisms of traditional medicines for the development of new therapeutic drugs in liver cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jia-Qi Zhang
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Tan-Tan Li
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Sen Qiao
- Hepatological Surgery Department, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Shu-Long Jiang
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Tena Pérez V, Apaza Ticona L, H Cabanillas A, Maderuelo Corral S, Rosero Valencia DF, Martel Quintana A, Ortega Domenech M, Rumbero Sánchez Á. Isolation of Nocuolin A and Synthesis of New Oxadiazine Derivatives. Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking, Apoptotic Evaluation, and Cathepsin B Inhibition. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21050284. [PMID: 37233478 DOI: 10.3390/md21050284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nocuolin A (1), an oxadiazine, was isolated from the cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. Its chemical structure was elucidated using NMR and mass spectroscopic data. From this compound, two new oxadiazines, 3-[(6R)-5,6-dihydro-4,6-dipentyl-2H-1,2,3-oxadiazin-2-yl]-3-oxopropyl acetate (2) and 4-{3-[(6R)-5,6-dihydro-4,6-dipentyl-2H-1,2,3-oxadiazin-2-yl]-3-oxopropoxy}-4-oxobutanoic acid (3), were synthesised. The chemical structures of these two compounds were elucidated by a combination of NMR and MS analysis. Compound 3 showed cytotoxicity against the ACHN (0.73 ± 0.10 μM) and Hepa-1c1c7 (0.91 ± 0.08 μM) tumour cell lines. Similarly, compound 3 significantly decreased cathepsin B activity in ACHN and Hepa-1c1c7 tumour cell lines at concentrations of 1.52 ± 0.13 nM and 1.76 ± 0.24 nM, respectively. In addition, compound 3 showed no in vivo toxicity in a murine model treated with a dose of 4 mg/kg body weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Tena Pérez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Autónoma of Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Apaza Ticona
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Autónoma of Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Organic Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense of Madrid, Plza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo H Cabanillas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Autónoma of Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Antera Martel Quintana
- Spanish Bank of Algas, Institute of Oceanography and Global Change (IOCAG) University of Las Palmas de Gran Canarias, Muelle de Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Canary Islands, Spain
| | | | - Ángel Rumbero Sánchez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Autónoma of Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Li X, Zhang M, Zhang H, Wang Z, Zhang H. Upconversion nanoparticle-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer sensing platform for the detection of cathepsin B activity in vitro and in vivo. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:181. [PMID: 37046118 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05771-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
A simple fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) sensing platform (termed as USP), comprised of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) as the energy donor and Cy5 as the energy acceptor, has been synthesized for cathepsin B (CTSB) activity detection in vitro and in vivo. When Cy5-modified peptide substrate (peptide-Cy5) of CTSB is covalently linked on the surface of UCNPs, the FRET between the UCNPs (excitation: 980 nm; emission: 541 nm/655 nm) and Cy5 (excitation: 645 nm) leads to a reduction in the red upconversion luminescence (UCL) signal intensity of UCNPs. Cy5 can be liberated from UCNPs in the presence of CTSB through the cleavage of peptide-Cy5 by CTSB, leading to the recovery of the red UCL signal of UCNPs. Because the green UCL signal of UCNPs remains constant during the CTSB digestion, it can be considered as an internal reference. The findings demonstrate the ability of USP to detect CTSB with the linear detection ranges of 1 to 100 ng·mL-1 in buffer and 2 × 103 to 1 × 105 cells in 0.2 mL cell lysates. The limits of detection (LODs) are 0.30 ng·mL-1 in buffer and 887 cells in 0.2 mL of cell lysates (S/N = 3). The viability of USP to detect CTSB activity in tumor-bearing mice is has further been investigated using in vivo fluorescent imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|