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Liu C, Wang Y, Shi M, Tao X, Man D, Zhang J, Han B. hnRNPA0 promotes MYB expression by interacting with enhancer lncRNA MY34UE-AS in human leukemia cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 724:150221. [PMID: 38865811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
MYB is a key regulator of hematopoiesis and erythropoiesis, and dysregulation of MYB is closely involved in the development of leukemia, however the mechanism of MYB regulation remains still unclear so far. Our previous study identified a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) derived from the -34 kb enhancer of the MYB locus, which can promote MYB expression, the proliferation and migration of human leukemia cells, and is therefore termed MY34UE-AS. Then the interacting partner proteins of MY34UE-AS were identified and studied in the present study. hnRNPA0 was identified as a binding partner of MY34UE-AS through RNA pulldown assay, which was further validated through RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP). hnRNPA0 interacted with MY34UE-AS mainly through its RRM2 domain. hnRNPA0 overexpression upregulated MYB and increased the proliferation and migration of K562 cells, whereas hnRNPA0 knockdown showed opposite effects. Rescue experiments showed MY34UE-AS was required for above mentioned functions of hnRNPA0. These results reveal that hnRNPA0 is involved in leukemia through upregulating MYB expression by interacting with MY34UE-AS, suggesting that the hnRNPA0/MY34UE-AS axis could serve as a potential target for leukemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306,China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306,China.
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306,China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306,China.
| | - Mengjie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306,China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306,China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Tao
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306,China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306,China.
| | - Da Man
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306,China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306,China.
| | - Junfang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306,China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306,China; Marine Biomedical Science and Technology Innovation Platform of Lin-gang Special Area, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Bingshe Han
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306,China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306,China; Marine Biomedical Science and Technology Innovation Platform of Lin-gang Special Area, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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Dartora VFC, Passos JS, Costa-Lotufo LV, Lopes LB, Panitch A. Thermosensitive Polymeric Nanoparticles for Drug Co-Encapsulation and Breast Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:231. [PMID: 38399285 PMCID: PMC10892816 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in breast cancer treatment, there remains a need for local management of noninvasive, low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). These focal lesions are well suited for local intraductal treatment. Intraductal administration supported target site drug retention, improved efficacy, and reduced systemic exposure. Here, we used a poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide, pNIPAM) nanoparticle delivery system loaded with cytotoxic piplartine and an MAPKAP Kinase 2 inhibitor (YARA) for this purpose. For tumor environment targeting, a collagen-binding peptide SILY (RRANAALKAGELYKSILYGSG-hydrazide) was attached to pNIPAM nanoparticles, and the nanoparticle diameter, zeta potential, drug loading, and release were assessed. The system was evaluated for cytotoxicity in a 2D cell culture and 3D spheroids. In vivo efficacy was evaluated using a chemical carcinogenesis model in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Nanoparticle delivery significantly reduced the IC50 of piplartine (4.9 times) compared to the drug in solution. The combination of piplartine and YARA in nanoparticles further reduced the piplartine IC50 (~15 times). Treatment with these nanoparticles decreased the in vivo tumor incidence (5.2 times). Notably, the concentration of piplartine in mammary glands treated with nanoparticles (35.3 ± 22.4 μg/mL) was substantially higher than in plasma (0.7 ± 0.05 μg/mL), demonstrating targeted drug retention. These results indicate that our nanocarrier system effectively reduced tumor development with low systemic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Franco Carvalho Dartora
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (V.F.C.D.); (J.S.P.); (L.V.C.-L.); (L.B.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Julia S. Passos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (V.F.C.D.); (J.S.P.); (L.V.C.-L.); (L.B.L.)
| | - Leticia V. Costa-Lotufo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (V.F.C.D.); (J.S.P.); (L.V.C.-L.); (L.B.L.)
| | - Luciana B. Lopes
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (V.F.C.D.); (J.S.P.); (L.V.C.-L.); (L.B.L.)
| | - Alyssa Panitch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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3
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Knittel G, Reinhardt HC. XPO1-Mediated mRNA Export of Genome Maintenance Regulators Drives Chemotherapy Resistance in Aggressive Lymphoma. Cancer Res 2024; 84:3-5. [PMID: 37902414 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-2966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common lymphoid malignancy and displays vast genetic and transcriptomic heterogeneity. Current treatment guidelines recommend first-line chemoimmunotherapy consisting of an anthracycline backbone, which produces cure rates of approximately 65%. However, the remaining patients will face relapsed or refractory disease, which, even in the era of chimeric antigen receptor T cells, is difficult to treat. In this issue of Cancer Research, Marullo and colleagues investigate the biological underpinnings of the tumor-suppressive activity of the newly approved XPO1 inhibitor selinexor in the treatment of lymphoma. In a translational effort covering genomic and biochemical approaches, combined with in vivo validation experiments and a phase I clinical trial, they demonstrate that upon DNA damage, XPO1 selectively exports transcripts encoding proteins involved in genome maintenance via the RNA-binding proteins THOC4 and eIF4E. Pharmacologic interception of this export process enhances chemosensitivity in various lymphoma models, and combined selinexor plus chemoimmunotherapy displays a favorable toxicity profile and early evidence of efficacy in patients. See related article by Marullo et al., p. 101.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gero Knittel
- University Hospital Essen, Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, German Cancer Consortium Partner Site Essen, Center for Molecular Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hans Christian Reinhardt
- University Hospital Essen, Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, German Cancer Consortium Partner Site Essen, Center for Molecular Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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4
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Podszywalow-Bartnicka P, Neugebauer KM. Multiple roles for AU-rich RNA binding proteins in the development of haematologic malignancies and their resistance to chemotherapy. RNA Biol 2024; 21:1-17. [PMID: 38798162 PMCID: PMC11135835 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2024.2346688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-transcriptional regulation by RNA binding proteins can determine gene expression levels and drive changes in cancer cell proteomes. Identifying mechanisms of protein-RNA binding, including preferred sequence motifs bound in vivo, provides insights into protein-RNA networks and how they impact mRNA structure, function, and stability. In this review, we will focus on proteins that bind to AU-rich elements (AREs) in nascent or mature mRNA where they play roles in response to stresses encountered by cancer cells. ARE-binding proteins (ARE-BPs) specifically impact alternative splicing, stability, decay and translation, and formation of RNA-rich biomolecular condensates like cytoplasmic stress granules (SGs). For example, recent findings highlight the role of ARE-BPs - like TIAR and HUR - in chemotherapy resistance and in translational regulation of mRNAs encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines. We will discuss emerging evidence that different modes of ARE-BP activity impact leukaemia and lymphoma development, progression, adaptation to microenvironment and chemotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Podszywalow-Bartnicka
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karla M. Neugebauer
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Sung HM, Schott J, Boss P, Lehmann JA, Hardt MR, Lindner D, Messens J, Bogeski I, Ohler U, Stoecklin G. Stress-induced nuclear speckle reorganization is linked to activation of immediate early gene splicing. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202111151. [PMID: 37956386 PMCID: PMC10641589 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202111151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Current models posit that nuclear speckles (NSs) serve as reservoirs of splicing factors and facilitate posttranscriptional mRNA processing. Here, we discovered that ribotoxic stress induces a profound reorganization of NSs with enhanced recruitment of factors required for splice-site recognition, including the RNA-binding protein TIAR, U1 snRNP proteins and U2-associated factor 65, as well as serine 2 phosphorylated RNA polymerase II. NS reorganization relies on the stress-activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and coincides with splicing activation of both pre-existing and newly synthesized pre-mRNAs. In particular, ribotoxic stress causes targeted excision of retained introns from pre-mRNAs of immediate early genes (IEGs), whose transcription is induced during the stress response. Importantly, enhanced splicing of the IEGs ZFP36 and FOS is accompanied by relocalization of the corresponding nuclear mRNA foci to NSs. Our study reveals NSs as a dynamic compartment that is remodeled under stress conditions, whereby NSs appear to become sites of IEG transcription and efficient cotranscriptional splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsu-Min Sung
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3) and Mannheim Cancer Center (MCC), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
- Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Molecular Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johanna Schott
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3) and Mannheim Cancer Center (MCC), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Boss
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janina A. Lehmann
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3) and Mannheim Cancer Center (MCC), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marius Roland Hardt
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3) and Mannheim Cancer Center (MCC), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Doris Lindner
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3) and Mannheim Cancer Center (MCC), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joris Messens
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
- Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ivan Bogeski
- Molecular Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Uwe Ohler
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Stoecklin
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3) and Mannheim Cancer Center (MCC), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
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6
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Zhang C, Wang Z, Ma S, Chen R, Wang S, Zhang H, Hua Z, Sun Z. Repair mechanism of Yishen Tongluo formula on mouse sperm DNA fragmentation caused by polystyrene microplastics. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:488-498. [PMID: 36895195 PMCID: PMC10013351 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2168705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Plastics can break down into millions of microplastic (MPs, < 5 mm) particles in the soil and ocean. These MPs can then affect the function of the reproductive system. There is currently no effective solution to this problem aside from traditional Chinese medicine. We have previously used Yishen Tongluo formula (YSTL) to treat sperm DNA damage caused by some toxic substances. OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism underlying the repair of mouse sperm DNA fragmentation caused by polystyrene microplastics by YSTL. MATERIALS AND METHODS An animal model of polystyrene microplastic (PS-MP)-induced sperm DNA damage was replicated by gavage of SPF ICR (CD1) mice PS-MPs at 1 mg/d and treated with YSTL at 11.89, 23.78 and 47.56 g/kg, respectively, for 60 days. The Sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) of each group was detected and compared. The target genes of YSTL identified by transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were validated by qRT-PCR and western blotting. RESULTS The DFI of the PS group (20.66%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (4.23%). The medium and high doses of the YSTL group (12.8% and 11.31%) exhibited a significant repairing effect. The most enriched pathway was PI3K/Akt. TBL1X, SPARC, hnRNP0, Map7D1, Eps8 and Mrpl27 were screened and SPARC was validated. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The precise mechanism by which YSTL inhibits PD-MPs DNA damage may be associated with the PI3K/Akt pathway and SPARC. It provides a new direction for using traditional Chinese medicine to prevent and repair reproductive system injury caused by MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenming Zhang
- Andrology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zulong Wang
- Andrology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sicheng Ma
- Traditional Chinese Medicine (ZHONG JING) School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rubing Chen
- Andrology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- Andrology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Zhong Hua
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zixue Sun
- Reproductive Medicine Department, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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7
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Osma-Garcia IC, Mouysset M, Capitan-Sobrino D, Aubert Y, Turner M, Diaz-Muñoz MD. The RNA binding proteins TIA1 and TIAL1 promote Mcl1 mRNA translation to protect germinal center responses from apoptosis. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:1063-1076. [PMID: 37474714 PMCID: PMC10469172 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01063-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Germinal centers (GCs) are essential for the establishment of long-lasting antibody responses. GC B cells rely on post-transcriptional RNA mechanisms to translate activation-associated transcriptional programs into functional changes in the cell proteome. However, the critical proteins driving these key mechanisms are still unknown. Here, we show that the RNA binding proteins TIA1 and TIAL1 are required for the generation of long-lasting GC responses. TIA1- and TIAL1-deficient GC B cells fail to undergo antigen-mediated positive selection, expansion and differentiation into B-cell clones producing high-affinity antibodies. Mechanistically, TIA1 and TIAL1 control the transcriptional identity of dark- and light-zone GC B cells and enable timely expression of the prosurvival molecule MCL1. Thus, we demonstrate here that TIA1 and TIAL1 are key players in the post-transcriptional program that selects high-affinity antigen-specific GC B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines C Osma-Garcia
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), Inserm UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Paul Sabatier, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, 31024, France
| | - Mailys Mouysset
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), Inserm UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Paul Sabatier, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, 31024, France
| | - Dunja Capitan-Sobrino
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), Inserm UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Paul Sabatier, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, 31024, France
| | - Yann Aubert
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), Inserm UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Paul Sabatier, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, 31024, France
| | - Martin Turner
- Immunology Program, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Manuel D Diaz-Muñoz
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), Inserm UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Paul Sabatier, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, 31024, France.
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Netterfield TS, Ostheimer GJ, Tentner AR, Joughin BA, Dakoyannis AM, Sharma CD, Sorger PK, Janes KA, Lauffenburger DA, Yaffe MB. Biphasic JNK-Erk signaling separates the induction and maintenance of cell senescence after DNA damage induced by topoisomerase II inhibition. Cell Syst 2023; 14:582-604.e10. [PMID: 37473730 PMCID: PMC10627503 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Genotoxic stress in mammalian cells, including those caused by anti-cancer chemotherapy, can induce temporary cell-cycle arrest, DNA damage-induced senescence (DDIS), or apoptotic cell death. Despite obvious clinical importance, it is unclear how the signals emerging from DNA damage are integrated together with other cellular signaling pathways monitoring the cell's environment and/or internal state to control different cell fates. Using single-cell-based signaling measurements combined with tensor partial least square regression (t-PLSR)/principal component analysis (PCA) analysis, we show that JNK and Erk MAPK signaling regulates the initiation of cell senescence through the transcription factor AP-1 at early times after doxorubicin-induced DNA damage and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) at late times after damage. These results identify temporally distinct roles for signaling pathways beyond the classic DNA damage response (DDR) that control the cell senescence decision and modulate the tumor microenvironment and reveal fundamental similarities between signaling pathways responsible for oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) and senescence caused by topoisomerase II inhibition. A record of this paper's transparent peer review process is included in the supplemental information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana S Netterfield
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gerard J Ostheimer
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andrea R Tentner
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Brian A Joughin
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alexandra M Dakoyannis
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Charvi D Sharma
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Computer Science and Molecular Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Peter K Sorger
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kevin A Janes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michael B Yaffe
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Division of Acute Care Surgery, Trauma, and Surgical Critical Care, and Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Klapp V, Álvarez-Abril B, Leuzzi G, Kroemer G, Ciccia A, Galluzzi L. The DNA Damage Response and Inflammation in Cancer. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:1521-1545. [PMID: 37026695 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-1220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Genomic stability in normal cells is crucial to avoid oncogenesis. Accordingly, multiple components of the DNA damage response (DDR) operate as bona fide tumor suppressor proteins by preserving genomic stability, eliciting the demise of cells with unrepairable DNA lesions, and engaging cell-extrinsic oncosuppression via immunosurveillance. That said, DDR sig-naling can also favor tumor progression and resistance to therapy. Indeed, DDR signaling in cancer cells has been consistently linked to the inhibition of tumor-targeting immune responses. Here, we discuss the complex interactions between the DDR and inflammation in the context of oncogenesis, tumor progression, and response to therapy. SIGNIFICANCE Accumulating preclinical and clinical evidence indicates that DDR is intimately connected to the emission of immunomodulatory signals by normal and malignant cells, as part of a cell-extrinsic program to preserve organismal homeostasis. DDR-driven inflammation, however, can have diametrically opposed effects on tumor-targeting immunity. Understanding the links between the DDR and inflammation in normal and malignant cells may unlock novel immunotherapeutic paradigms to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Klapp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Tumor Stroma Interactions, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Beatriz Álvarez-Abril
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Leuzzi
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Alberto Ciccia
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, New York
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10
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Takemon Y, LeBlanc VG, Song J, Chan SY, Lee SD, Trinh DL, Ahmad ST, Brothers WR, Corbett RD, Gagliardi A, Moradian A, Cairncross JG, Yip S, Aparicio SAJR, Chan JA, Hughes CS, Morin GB, Gorski SM, Chittaranjan S, Marra MA. Multi-Omic Analysis of CIC's Functional Networks Reveals Novel Interaction Partners and a Potential Role in Mitotic Fidelity. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2805. [PMID: 37345142 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
CIC encodes a transcriptional repressor and MAPK signalling effector that is inactivated by loss-of-function mutations in several cancer types, consistent with a role as a tumour suppressor. Here, we used bioinformatic, genomic, and proteomic approaches to investigate CIC's interaction networks. We observed both previously identified and novel candidate interactions between CIC and SWI/SNF complex members, as well as novel interactions between CIC and cell cycle regulators and RNA processing factors. We found that CIC loss is associated with an increased frequency of mitotic defects in human cell lines and an in vivo mouse model and with dysregulated expression of mitotic regulators. We also observed aberrant splicing in CIC-deficient cell lines, predominantly at 3' and 5' untranslated regions of genes, including genes involved in MAPK signalling, DNA repair, and cell cycle regulation. Our study thus characterises the complexity of CIC's functional network and describes the effect of its loss on cell cycle regulation, mitotic integrity, and transcriptional splicing, thereby expanding our understanding of CIC's potential roles in cancer. In addition, our work exemplifies how multi-omic, network-based analyses can be used to uncover novel insights into the interconnected functions of pleiotropic genes/proteins across cellular contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Takemon
- Genome Science and Technology Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Véronique G LeBlanc
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Jungeun Song
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Susanna Y Chan
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Stephen Dongsoo Lee
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Diane L Trinh
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Shiekh Tanveer Ahmad
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - William R Brothers
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Richard D Corbett
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Alessia Gagliardi
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Annie Moradian
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - J Gregory Cairncross
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Stephen Yip
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada
| | - Samuel A J R Aparicio
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Chan
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Christopher S Hughes
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Gregg B Morin
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Sharon M Gorski
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Suganthi Chittaranjan
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Marco A Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
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11
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Luo D, Mladenov E, Soni A, Stuschke M, Iliakis G. The p38/MK2 Pathway Functions as Chk1-Backup Downstream of ATM/ATR in G 2-Checkpoint Activation in Cells Exposed to Ionizing Radiation. Cells 2023; 12:1387. [PMID: 37408221 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently reported that in G2-phase cells (but not S-phase cells) sustaining low loads of DNA double-strand break (DSBs), ATM and ATR regulate the G2-checkpoint epistatically, with ATR at the output-node, interfacing with the cell cycle through Chk1. However, although inhibition of ATR nearly completely abrogated the checkpoint, inhibition of Chk1 using UCN-01 generated only partial responses. This suggested that additional kinases downstream of ATR were involved in the transmission of the signal to the cell cycle engine. Additionally, the broad spectrum of kinases inhibited by UCN-01 pointed to uncertainties in the interpretation that warranted further investigations. Here, we show that more specific Chk1 inhibitors exert an even weaker effect on G2-checkpoint, as compared to ATR inhibitors and UCN-01, and identify the MAPK p38α and its downstream target MK2 as checkpoint effectors operating as backup to Chk1. These observations further expand the spectrum of p38/MK2 signaling to G2-checkpoint activation, extend similar studies in cells exposed to other DNA damaging agents and consolidate a role of p38/MK2 as a backup kinase module, adding to similar backup functions exerted in p53 deficient cells. The results extend the spectrum of actionable strategies and targets in current efforts to enhance the radiosensitivity in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxian Luo
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Emil Mladenov
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Aashish Soni
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Stuschke
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - George Iliakis
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
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12
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Zhou Y, Oki R, Tanaka A, Song L, Takashima A, Hamada N, Yokoyama S, Yano S, Sakurai H. Cellular stress induces non-canonical activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase EphA2 through the p38-MK2-RSK signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104699. [PMID: 37059179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase EphA2 is overexpressed in malignant tumors. We previously reported that non-canonical EphA2 phosphorylation at Ser-897 was catalyzed by p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) via the MEK-ERK pathway in ligand- and tyrosine kinase-independent manners. Non-canonical EphA2 activation plays a key role in tumor progression; however, its activation mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we focused on cellular stress signaling as a novel inducer of non-canonical EphA2 activation. p38, instead of ERK in the case of epidermal growth factor signaling, activated RSK-EphA2 under cellular stress conditions, including anisomycin, cisplatin and high osmotic stress. Notably, p38 activated the RSK-EphA2 axis via downstream MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2). Furthermore, MK2 directly phosphorylated both RSK1 Ser-380 and RSK2 Ser-386, critical residues for the activation of their N-terminal kinases, which is consistent with the result showing that the C-terminal kinase domain of RSK1 was dispensable for MK2-mediated EphA2 phosphorylation. Moreover, the p38-MK2-RSK-EphA2 axis promoted glioblastoma cell migration induced by temozolomide, a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of glioblastoma patients. Collectively, the present results reveal a novel molecular mechanism for non-canonical EphA2 activation under stress conditions in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama; Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Ryota Oki
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama; Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tanaka
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama; Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Leixin Song
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama; Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takashima
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama; Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Naru Hamada
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama; Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Satoru Yokoyama
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama; Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Seiji Yano
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Takara-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0934, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sakurai
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama; Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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13
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Stehn JR, Floyd SR, Wilker EW, Reinhardt HC, Clarke SM, Huang Q, Polakiewicz RD, Sonenberg N, Kong YW, Yaffe MB. MAPKAP Kinase-2 phosphorylation of PABPC1 controls its interaction with 14-3-3 proteins after DNA damage: A combined kinase and protein array approach. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1148933. [PMID: 37091863 PMCID: PMC10117672 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1148933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins play critical roles in controlling multiple aspects of the cellular response to stress and DNA damage including regulation of metabolism, cell cycle progression, cell migration, and apoptotic cell death by binding to protein substrates of basophilic protein kinases following their phosphorylation on specific serine/threonine residues. Although over 200 mammalian proteins that bind to 14-3-3 have been identified, largely through proteomic studies, in many cases the relevant protein kinase responsible for conferring 14-3-3-binding to these proteins is not known. To facilitate the identification of kinase-specific 14-3-3 clients, we developed a biochemical approach using high-density protein filter arrays and identified the translational regulatory molecule PABPC1 as a substrate for Chk1 and MAPKAP Kinase-2 (MK2) in vitro, and for MK2 in vivo, whose phosphorylation results in 14-3-3-binding. We identify Ser-470 on PABPC1 within the linker region connecting the RRM domains to the PABC domain as the critical 14-3-3-binding site, and demonstrate that loss of PABPC1 binding to 14-3-3 results in increased cell proliferation and decreased cell death in response to UV-induced DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine R. Stehn
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Scott R. Floyd
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Erik W. Wilker
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - H. Christian Reinhardt
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Scott M. Clarke
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Qiuying Huang
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - Nahum Sonenberg
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yi Wen Kong
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Michael B. Yaffe
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Divisions of Surgical Oncology, Trauma, and Surgical Critical Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Surgical Oncology Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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14
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Liu W, Yasui M, Sassa A, You X, Wan J, Cao Y, Xi J, Zhang X, Honma M, Luan Y. FTO regulates the DNA damage response via effects on cell-cycle progression. MUTATION RESEARCH/GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 887:503608. [PMID: 37003652 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The fat mass and obesity-associated protein FTO is an "eraser" of N6-methyladenosine, the most abundant mRNA modification. FTO plays important roles in tumorigenesis. However, its activities have not been fully elucidated and its possible involvement in DNA damage - the early driving event in tumorigenesis - remains poorly characterized. Here, we have investigated the role of FTO in the DNA damage response (DDR) and its underlying mechanisms. We demonstrate that FTO responds to various DNA damage stimuli. FTO is overexpressed in mice following exposure to the promutagens aristolochic acid I and benzo[a]pyrene. Knockout of the FTO gene in TK6 cells, via CRISPR/Cas9, increased genotoxicity induced by DNA damage stimuli (micronucleus and TK mutation assays). Cisplatin- and diepoxybutane-induced micronucleus frequencies and methyl methanesulfonate- and azathioprine-induced TK mutant frequencies were also higher in FTO KO cells. We investigated the potential roles of FTO in DDR. RNA sequencing and enrichment analysis revealed that FTO deletion disrupted the p38 MAPK pathway and inhibited the activation of nucleotide excision repair and cell-cycle-related pathways following cisplatin (DNA intrastrand cross-links) treatment. These effects were confirmed by western blotting and qRT-PCR. FTO deletion impaired cell-cycle arrest at the G2/M phase following cisplatin and diepoxybutane treatment (flow cytometry analysis). Our findings demonstrated that FTO is involved in several aspects of DDR, acting, at least in part, by impairing cell cycle progression.
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15
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La T, Chen S, Zhao XH, Zhou S, Xu R, Teng L, Zhang YY, Ye K, Xu L, Guo T, Jamaluddin MF, Feng YC, Tang HJ, Wang Y, Xu Q, Gu Y, Cao H, Liu T, Thorne RF, Shao F, Zhang XD, Jin L. LncRNA LIMp27 Regulates the DNA Damage Response through p27 in p53-Defective Cancer Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204599. [PMID: 36638271 PMCID: PMC9982580 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
P53 inactivation occurs in about 50% of human cancers, where p53-driven p21 activity is devoid and p27 becomes essential for the establishment of the G1/S checkpoint upon DNA damage. Here, this work shows that the E2F1-responsive lncRNA LIMp27 selectively represses p27 expression and contributes to proliferation, tumorigenicity, and treatment resistance in p53-defective colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) cells. LIMp27 competes with p27 mRNA for binding to cytoplasmically localized hnRNA0, which otherwise stabilizes p27 mRNA leading to cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. In response to DNA damage, LIMp27 is upregulated in both wild-type and p53-mutant COAD cells, whereas cytoplasmic hnRNPA0 is only increased in p53-mutant COAD cells due to translocation from the nucleus. Moreover, high LIMp27 expression is associated with poor survival of p53-mutant but not wild-type p53 COAD patients. These results uncover an lncRNA mechanism that promotes p53-defective cancer pathogenesis and suggest that LIMp27 may constitute a target for the treatment of such cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting La
- Translational Research InstituteHenan Provincial and Zhengzhou City Key laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Cancer MetabolismHenan International Join Laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Metabolism in CancerHenan Provincial People's HospitalAcademy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450053China
- Noncoding Cancer Biomarkers and Therapeutics GroupCancer Detection & Therapy Research ProgramHunter Medical Research InstituteCallaghanNew South Wales2305Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South Wales2308Australia
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis & BiotherapyThe Second Affiliated HospitalXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710004China
| | - Song Chen
- Translational Research InstituteHenan Provincial and Zhengzhou City Key laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Cancer MetabolismHenan International Join Laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Metabolism in CancerHenan Provincial People's HospitalAcademy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450053China
- Institute of Medicinal BiotechnologyJiangsu College of NursingHuai'anJiangsu223300China
| | - Xiao Hong Zhao
- Noncoding Cancer Biomarkers and Therapeutics GroupCancer Detection & Therapy Research ProgramHunter Medical Research InstituteCallaghanNew South Wales2305Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South Wales2308Australia
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Translational Research InstituteHenan Provincial and Zhengzhou City Key laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Cancer MetabolismHenan International Join Laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Metabolism in CancerHenan Provincial People's HospitalAcademy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450053China
| | - Ran Xu
- Noncoding Cancer Biomarkers and Therapeutics GroupCancer Detection & Therapy Research ProgramHunter Medical Research InstituteCallaghanNew South Wales2305Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South Wales2308Australia
| | - Liu Teng
- Translational Research InstituteHenan Provincial and Zhengzhou City Key laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Cancer MetabolismHenan International Join Laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Metabolism in CancerHenan Provincial People's HospitalAcademy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450053China
| | - Yuan Yuan Zhang
- Noncoding Cancer Biomarkers and Therapeutics GroupCancer Detection & Therapy Research ProgramHunter Medical Research InstituteCallaghanNew South Wales2305Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South Wales2308Australia
| | - Kaihong Ye
- Translational Research InstituteHenan Provincial and Zhengzhou City Key laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Cancer MetabolismHenan International Join Laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Metabolism in CancerHenan Provincial People's HospitalAcademy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450053China
| | - Liang Xu
- Noncoding Cancer Biomarkers and Therapeutics GroupCancer Detection & Therapy Research ProgramHunter Medical Research InstituteCallaghanNew South Wales2305Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South Wales2308Australia
| | - Tao Guo
- Institute of Future AgricultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China
| | - Muhammad Fairuz Jamaluddin
- School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South Wales2308Australia
| | - Yu Chen Feng
- Noncoding Cancer Biomarkers and Therapeutics GroupCancer Detection & Therapy Research ProgramHunter Medical Research InstituteCallaghanNew South Wales2305Australia
- School of Medicine and Public HealthThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South Wales2308Australia
| | - Hai Jie Tang
- Noncoding Cancer Biomarkers and Therapeutics GroupCancer Detection & Therapy Research ProgramHunter Medical Research InstituteCallaghanNew South Wales2305Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South Wales2308Australia
| | - Yanliang Wang
- Department of NephrologyHenan Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and ImmunologyHenan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney DiseaseHenan Provincial People's HospitalZhengzhouHenan450053China
| | - Qin Xu
- Department of NephrologyHenan Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and ImmunologyHenan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney DiseaseHenan Provincial People's HospitalZhengzhouHenan450053China
| | - Yue Gu
- Department of NephrologyHenan Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and ImmunologyHenan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney DiseaseHenan Provincial People's HospitalZhengzhouHenan450053China
| | - Huixia Cao
- Department of NephrologyHenan Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and ImmunologyHenan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney DiseaseHenan Provincial People's HospitalZhengzhouHenan450053China
| | - Tao Liu
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical ResearchUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales2750Australia
| | - Rick F. Thorne
- Translational Research InstituteHenan Provincial and Zhengzhou City Key laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Cancer MetabolismHenan International Join Laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Metabolism in CancerHenan Provincial People's HospitalAcademy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450053China
- School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South Wales2308Australia
| | - Feng‐Min Shao
- Department of NephrologyHenan Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and ImmunologyHenan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney DiseaseHenan Provincial People's HospitalZhengzhouHenan450053China
| | - Xu Dong Zhang
- Translational Research InstituteHenan Provincial and Zhengzhou City Key laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Cancer MetabolismHenan International Join Laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Metabolism in CancerHenan Provincial People's HospitalAcademy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450053China
- Noncoding Cancer Biomarkers and Therapeutics GroupCancer Detection & Therapy Research ProgramHunter Medical Research InstituteCallaghanNew South Wales2305Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South Wales2308Australia
| | - Lei Jin
- Translational Research InstituteHenan Provincial and Zhengzhou City Key laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Cancer MetabolismHenan International Join Laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Metabolism in CancerHenan Provincial People's HospitalAcademy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450053China
- Noncoding Cancer Biomarkers and Therapeutics GroupCancer Detection & Therapy Research ProgramHunter Medical Research InstituteCallaghanNew South Wales2305Australia
- School of Medicine and Public HealthThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South Wales2308Australia
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16
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McMellen A, Yamamoto TM, Qamar L, Sanders BE, Nguyen LL, Chavez DO, Bapat J, Berning A, Post MD, Johnson J, Behbakht K, Nurmemmedov E, Chuong EB, Bitler BG. ATF6-Mediated Signaling Contributes to PARP Inhibitor Resistance in Ovarian Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:3-13. [PMID: 36149636 PMCID: PMC9812934 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the deadliest ovarian cancer histotype due in-part to the lack of therapeutic options for chemotherapy-resistant disease. PARP inhibitors (PARPi) represent a targeted treatment. However, PARPi resistance is becoming a significant clinical challenge. There is an urgent need to overcome resistance mechanisms to extend disease-free intervals. We established isogeneic PARPi-sensitive and -resistant HGSOC cell lines. In three PARPi-resistant models, there is a significant increase in AP-1 transcriptional activity and DNA repair capacity. Using RNA-sequencing and an shRNA screen, we identified activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) as a mediator of AP-1 activity, DNA damage response, and PARPi resistance. In publicly available datasets, ATF6 expression is elevated in HGSOC and portends a poorer recurrence-free survival. In a cohort of primary HGSOC tumors, higher ATF6 expression significantly correlated to PARPi resistance. In PARPi-resistant cell lines and a PDX model, inhibition of a known ATF6 regulator, p38, attenuated AP-1 activity and RAD51 foci formation, enhanced DNA damage, significantly inhibited tumor burden, and reduced accumulation of nuclear ATF6. IMPLICATIONS This study highlights that a novel p38-ATF6-mediated AP-1 signaling axis contributes to PARPi resistance and provides a clinical rationale for combining PARPi and AP-1 signaling inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra McMellen
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Tomomi M. Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lubna Qamar
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Brooke E. Sanders
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lily L. Nguyen
- Molecular Cellular Developmental Biology, The University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Daniela Ortiz Chavez
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jaidev Bapat
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Amber Berning
- Department of Pathology, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Miriam D. Post
- Department of Pathology, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Joshua Johnson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kian Behbakht
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | | | - Edward B. Chuong
- Molecular Cellular Developmental Biology, The University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Benjamin G. Bitler
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA,Corresponding author: Benjamin G. Bitler, Ph.D., 12700 East 19th Avenue, MS 8613, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Phone: 303-724-0574;
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17
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Osma-Garcia IC, Capitan-Sobrino D, Mouysset M, Aubert Y, Maloudi O, Turner M, Diaz-Muñoz MD. The splicing regulators TIA1 and TIAL1 are required for the expression of the DNA damage repair machinery during B cell lymphopoiesis. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111869. [PMID: 36543128 PMCID: PMC9794549 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell lymphopoiesis requires dynamic modulation of the B cell transcriptome for timely coordination of somatic mutagenesis and DNA repair in progenitor B (pro-B) cells. Here, we show that, in pro-B cells, the RNA-binding proteins T cell intracellular antigen 1 (TIA1) and TIA1-like protein (TIAL1) act redundantly to enable developmental progression. They are global splicing regulators that control the expression of hundreds of mRNAs, including those involved in DNA damage repair. Mechanistically, TIA1 and TIAL1 bind to 5' splice sites for exon definition, splicing, and expression of DNA damage sensors, such as Chek2 and Rif1. In their absence, pro-B cells show exacerbated DNA damage, altered P53 expression, and increased cell death. Our study uncovers the importance of tight regulation of RNA splicing by TIA1 and TIAL1 for the expression of integrative transcriptional programs that control DNA damage sensing and repair during B cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines C. Osma-Garcia
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), Inserm UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Paul Sabatier, CHU Purpan, Toulouse 31024, France
| | - Dunja Capitan-Sobrino
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), Inserm UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Paul Sabatier, CHU Purpan, Toulouse 31024, France
| | - Mailys Mouysset
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), Inserm UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Paul Sabatier, CHU Purpan, Toulouse 31024, France
| | - Yann Aubert
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), Inserm UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Paul Sabatier, CHU Purpan, Toulouse 31024, France
| | - Orlane Maloudi
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), Inserm UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Paul Sabatier, CHU Purpan, Toulouse 31024, France
| | - Martin Turner
- Immunology Program, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Manuel D. Diaz-Muñoz
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), Inserm UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Paul Sabatier, CHU Purpan, Toulouse 31024, France,Corresponding author
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18
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Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A/B: an emerging group of cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:337. [PMID: 35879279 PMCID: PMC9314375 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A/B (hnRNPA/B) is one of the core members of the RNA binding protein (RBP) hnRNPs family, including four main subtypes, A0, A1, A2/B1 and A3, which share the similar structure and functions. With the advance in understanding the molecular biology of hnRNPA/B, it has been gradually revealed that hnRNPA/B plays a critical role in almost the entire steps of RNA life cycle and its aberrant expression and mutation have important effects on the occurrence and progression of various cancers. This review focuses on the clinical significance of hnRNPA/B in various cancers and systematically summarizes its biological function and molecular mechanisms.
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19
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Velasco BR, Izquierdo JM. T-Cell Intracellular Antigen 1-Like Protein in Physiology and Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147836. [PMID: 35887183 PMCID: PMC9318959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell intracellular antigen 1 (TIA1)-related/like (TIAR/TIAL1) protein is a multifunctional RNA-binding protein (RBP) involved in regulating many aspects of gene expression, independently or in combination with its paralog TIA1. TIAR was first described in 1992 by Paul Anderson’s lab in relation to the development of a cell death phenotype in immune system cells, as it possesses nucleolytic activity against cytotoxic lymphocyte target cells. Similar to TIA1, it is characterized by a subcellular nucleo-cytoplasmic localization and ubiquitous expression in the cells of different tissues of higher organisms. In this paper, we review the relevant structural and functional information available about TIAR from a triple perspective (molecular, cellular and pathophysiological), paying special attention to its expression and regulation in cellular events and processes linked to human pathophysiology.
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20
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Wang R, Kumar B, Doud EH, Mosley AL, Alexander MS, Kunkel LM, Nakshatri H. Skeletal muscle-specific overexpression of miR-486 limits mammary tumor-induced skeletal muscle functional limitations. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 28:231-248. [PMID: 35402076 PMCID: PMC8971682 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
miR-486 is a myogenic microRNA, and its reduced skeletal muscle expression is observed in muscular dystrophy. Transgenic overexpression of miR-486 using muscle creatine kinase promoter (MCK-miR-486) partially rescues muscular dystrophy phenotype. We had previously demonstrated reduced circulating and skeletal muscle miR-486 levels with accompanying skeletal muscle defects in mammary tumor models. To determine whether skeletal muscle miR-486 is functionally similar in dystrophies and cancer, we performed functional limitations and biochemical studies of skeletal muscles of MMTV-Neu mice that mimic HER2+ breast cancer and MMTV-PyMT mice that mimic luminal subtype B breast cancer and these mice crossed to MCK-miR-486 mice. miR-486 significantly prevented tumor-induced reduction in muscle contraction force, grip strength, and rotarod performance in MMTV-Neu mice. In this model, miR-486 reversed cancer-induced skeletal muscle changes, including loss of p53, phospho-AKT, and phospho-laminin alpha 2 (LAMA2) and gain of hnRNPA0 and SRSF10 phosphorylation. LAMA2 is a part of the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex, and its loss of function causes congenital muscular dystrophy. Complementing these beneficial effects on muscle, miR-486 indirectly reduced tumor growth and improved survival, which is likely due to systemic effects of miR-486 on production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6. Thus, similar to dystrophy, miR-486 has the potential to reverse skeletal muscle defects and cancer burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhong Wang
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Emma H. Doud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Amber L. Mosley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Matthew S. Alexander
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Louis M. Kunkel
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Harikrishna Nakshatri
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Richard L Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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21
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Symbiosis with Dinoflagellates Alters Cnidarian Cell-Cycle Gene Expression. Cell Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3330160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis, hosts show altered expression of genes involved in growth and proliferation when in the symbiotic state, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms that underlie the host’s altered growth rate. Using tissue-specific transcriptomics, we determined how symbiosis affects expression of cell cycle-associated genes, in the model symbiotic cnidarian Exaiptasia diaphana (Aiptasia). The presence of symbionts within the gastrodermis elicited cell-cycle arrest in the G1 phase in a larger proportion of host cells compared with the aposymbiotic gastrodermis. The symbiotic gastrodermis also showed a reduction in the amount of cells synthesizing their DNA and progressing through mitosis when compared with the aposymbiotic gastrodermis. Host apoptotic inhibitors (Mdm2) were elevated, while host apoptotic sensitizers (c-Myc) were depressed, in the symbiotic gastrodermis when compared with the aposymbiotic gastrodermis and epidermis of symbiotic anemones, respectively. This indicates that the presence of symbionts negatively regulates host apoptosis, possibly contributing to their persistence within the host. Transcripts (ATM/ATR) associated with DNA damage were also downregulated in symbiotic gastrodermal tissues. In epidermal cells, a single gene (Mob1) required for mitotic completion was upregulated in symbiotic compared with aposymbiotic anemones, suggesting that the presence of symbionts in the gastrodermis stimulates host cell division in the epidermis. To further corroborate this hypothesis, we performed microscopic analysis using an S-phase indicator (EdU), allowing us to evaluate cell cycling in host cells. Our results confirmed that there were significantly more proliferating host cells in both the gastrodermis and epidermis in the symbiotic state compared with the aposymbiotic state. Furthermore, when comparing between tissue layers in the presence of symbionts, the epidermis had significantly more proliferating host cells than the symbiont-containing gastrodermis. These results contribute to our understanding of the influence of symbionts on the mechanisms of cnidarian cell proliferation and mechanisms associated with symbiont maintenance.
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22
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Humayun A, Fornace AJ. GADD45 in Stress Signaling, Cell Cycle Control, and Apoptosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1360:1-22. [PMID: 35505159 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-94804-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
GADD45 is a gene family consisting of GADD45A, GADD45B, and GADD45G that is often induced by DNA damage and other stress signals associated with growth arrest and apoptosis. Many of these roles are carried out via signaling mediated by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). The GADD45 proteins can contribute to p38 activation either by activation of upstream kinase(s) or by direct interaction, as well as suppression of p38 activity in certain cases. In vivo, there are important tissue and cell type specific differences in the roles for GADD45 in MAPK signaling. In addition to being p53-regulated, GADD45A has also been found to contribute to p53 activation via p38. Like other stress and signaling proteins, GADD45 proteins show complex regulation and numerous effectors. More recently, aberrant GADD45 expression has been found in several human cancers, but the mechanisms behind these findings largely remain to be understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arslon Humayun
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Albert J Fornace
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
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23
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Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-activated protein kinases (MAPKAPKs) are defined by their exclusive activation by MAPKs. They can be activated by classical and atypical MAPKs that have been stimulated by mitogens and various stresses. Genetic deletions of MAPKAPKs and availability of highly specific small-molecule inhibitors have continuously increased our functional understanding of these kinases. MAPKAPKs cooperate in the regulation of gene expression at the level of transcription; RNA processing, export, and stability; and protein synthesis. The diversity of stimuli for MAPK activation, the cross talk between the different MAPKs and MAPKAPKs, and the specific substrate pattern of MAPKAPKs orchestrate immediate-early and inflammatory responses in space and time and ensure proper control of cell growth, differentiation, and cell behavior. Hence, MAPKAPKs are promising targets for cancer therapy and treatments for conditions of acute and chronic inflammation, such as cytokine storms and rheumatoid arthritis. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biochemistry, Volume 91 is June 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ronkina
- Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany;
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany;
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24
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The p38 MAPK Components and Modulators as Biomarkers and Molecular Targets in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010370. [PMID: 35008796 PMCID: PMC8745478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family is an important bridge in the transduction of extracellular and intracellular signals in different responses at the cellular level. Within this MAPK family, the p38 kinases can be found altered in various diseases, including cancer, where these kinases play a fundamental role, sometimes with antagonistic mechanisms of action, depending on several factors. In fact, this family has an immense number of functionalities, many of them yet to be discovered in terms of regulation and action in different types of cancer, being directly involved in the response to cancer therapies. To date, three main groups of MAPKs have been identified in mammals: the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and the different isoforms of p38 (α, β, γ, δ). In this review, we highlight the mechanism of action of these kinases, taking into account their extensive regulation at the cellular level through various modifications and modulations, including a wide variety of microRNAs. We also analyze the importance of the different isoforms expressed in the different tissues and their possible role as biomarkers and molecular targets. In addition, we include the latest preclinical and clinical trials with different p38-related drugs that are ongoing with hopeful expectations in the present/future of developing precision medicine in cancer.
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25
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AU-Rich Element RNA Binding Proteins: At the Crossroads of Post-Transcriptional Regulation and Genome Integrity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010096. [PMID: 35008519 PMCID: PMC8744917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome integrity must be tightly preserved to ensure cellular survival and to deter the genesis of disease. Endogenous and exogenous stressors that impose threats to genomic stability through DNA damage are counteracted by a tightly regulated DNA damage response (DDR). RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are emerging as regulators and mediators of diverse biological processes. Specifically, RBPs that bind to adenine uridine (AU)-rich elements (AREs) in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of mRNAs (AU-RBPs) have emerged as key players in regulating the DDR and preserving genome integrity. Here we review eight established AU-RBPs (AUF1, HuR, KHSRP, TIA-1, TIAR, ZFP36, ZFP36L1, ZFP36L2) and their ability to maintain genome integrity through various interactions. We have reviewed canonical roles of AU-RBPs in regulating the fate of mRNA transcripts encoding DDR genes at multiple post-transcriptional levels. We have also attempted to shed light on non-canonical roles of AU-RBPs exploring their post-translational modifications (PTMs) and sub-cellular localization in response to genotoxic stresses by various factors involved in DDR and genome maintenance. Dysfunctional AU-RBPs have been increasingly found to be associated with many human cancers. Further understanding of the roles of AU-RBPS in maintaining genomic integrity may uncover novel therapeutic strategies for cancer.
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26
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Sriram G, Milling LE, Chen JK, Kong YW, Joughin BA, Abraham W, Swartwout S, Handly ED, Irvine DJ, Yaffe MB. The injury response to DNA damage in live tumor cells promotes antitumor immunity. Sci Signal 2021; 14:eabc4764. [PMID: 34665642 PMCID: PMC8791539 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abc4764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has strong clinical benefit for treating some tumor types, it fails in others, indicating a need for additional modalities to enhance the ICB effect. Here, we identified one such modality by using DNA damage to create a live, injured tumor cell adjuvant. Using an optimized ex vivo coculture system, we found that treating tumor cells with specific concentrations of etoposide, mitoxantrone, or doxorubicin markedly enhanced dendritic cell–mediated T cell activation. These immune-enhancing effects of DNA damage did not correlate with immunogenic cell death markers or with the extent of apoptosis or necroptosis; instead, these effects were mediated by live injured cells with activation of the DNA-PK, ATR, NF-κB, p38 MAPK, and RIPK1 signaling pathways. In mice, intratumoral injection of ex vivo etoposide–treated tumor cells in combination with systemic ICB (by anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA4 antibodies) increased the number of intratumoral CD103+ dendritic cells and circulating tumor-antigen–specific CD8+ T cells, decreased tumor growth, and improved survival. These effects were absent in Batf3−/− mice and in mice in which the DNA-damaging drug was injected directly into the tumor, due to DNA damage in the immune cells. The combination treatment induced complete tumor regression in a subset of mice that were then able to reject tumor rechallenge, indicating that the injured cell adjuvant treatment induced durable antitumor immunological memory. These results provide a strategy for enhancing the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibition in tumor types that do not respond to this treatment modality by itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganapathy Sriram
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- David. H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Lauren E. Milling
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
- David. H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Jung-Kuei Chen
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- David. H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Yi Wen Kong
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- David. H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Brian A. Joughin
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- David. H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Wuhbet Abraham
- David. H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Susanne Swartwout
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- David. H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Erika D. Handly
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- David. H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Darrell J. Irvine
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
- David. H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Michael B. Yaffe
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- David. H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Divisions of Acute Care Surgery, Trauma, and Surgical Critical Care and Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
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27
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Stress Relief Techniques: p38 MAPK Determines the Balance of Cell Cycle and Apoptosis Pathways. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101444. [PMID: 34680077 PMCID: PMC8533283 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein signaling networks are formed from diverse and inter-connected cell signaling pathways converging into webs of function and regulation. These signaling pathways both receive and conduct molecular messages, often by a series of post-translation modifications such as phosphorylation or through protein-protein interactions via intrinsic motifs. The mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are components of kinase cascades that transmit signals through phosphorylation. There are several MAPK subfamilies, and one subfamily is the stress-activated protein kinases, which in mammals is the p38 family. The p38 enzymes mediate a variety of cellular outcomes including DNA repair, cell survival/cell fate decisions, and cell cycle arrest. The cell cycle is itself a signaling system that precisely controls DNA replication, chromosome segregation, and cellular division. Another indispensable cell function influenced by the p38 stress response is programmed cell death (apoptosis). As the regulators of cell survival, the BCL2 family of proteins and their dynamics are exquisitely sensitive to cell stress. The BCL2 family forms a protein-protein interaction network divided into anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic members, and the balance of binding between these two sides determines cell survival. Here, we discuss the intersections among the p38 MAPK, cell cycle, and apoptosis signaling pathways.
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28
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Morgan D, Berggren KL, Spiess CD, Smith HM, Tejwani A, Weir SJ, Lominska CE, Thomas SM, Gan GN. Mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase-2 (MK2) and its role in cell survival, inflammatory signaling, and migration in promoting cancer. Mol Carcinog 2021; 61:173-199. [PMID: 34559922 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer and the immune system share an intimate relationship. Chronic inflammation increases the risk of cancer occurrence and can also drive inflammatory mediators into the tumor microenvironment enhancing tumor growth and survival. The p38 MAPK pathway is activated both acutely and chronically by stress, inflammatory chemokines, chronic inflammatory conditions, and cancer. These properties have led to extensive efforts to find effective drugs targeting p38, which have been unsuccessful. The immediate downstream serine/threonine kinase and substrate of p38 MAPK, mitogen-activated-protein-kinase-activated-protein-kinase-2 (MK2) protects cells against stressors by regulating the DNA damage response, transcription, protein and messenger RNA stability, and motility. The phosphorylation of downstream substrates by MK2 increases inflammatory cytokine production, drives an immune response, and contributes to wound healing. By binding directly to p38 MAPK, MK2 is responsible for the export of p38 MAPK from the nucleus which gives MK2 properties that make it unique among the large number of p38 MAPK substrates. Many of the substrates of both p38 MAPK and MK2 are separated between the cytosol and nucleus and interfering with MK2 and altering this intracellular translocation has implications for the actions of both p38 MAPK and MK2. The inhibition of MK2 has shown promise in combination with both chemotherapy and radiotherapy as a method for controlling cancer growth and metastasis in a variety of cancers. Whereas the current data are encouraging the field requires the development of selective and well tolerated drugs to target MK2 and a better understanding of its effects for effective clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deri Morgan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Kiersten L Berggren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Section of Radiation Oncology, UNM School of Medicine, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Colby D Spiess
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Hannah M Smith
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Ajay Tejwani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Scott J Weir
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Christopher E Lominska
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Sufi M Thomas
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Gregory N Gan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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29
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Thibault PA, Ganesan A, Kalyaanamoorthy S, Clarke JPWE, Salapa HE, Levin MC. hnRNP A/B Proteins: An Encyclopedic Assessment of Their Roles in Homeostasis and Disease. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10080712. [PMID: 34439945 PMCID: PMC8389229 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The hnRNP A/B family of proteins is canonically central to cellular RNA metabolism, but due to their highly conserved nature, the functional differences between hnRNP A1, A2/B1, A0, and A3 are often overlooked. In this review, we explore and identify the shared and disparate homeostatic and disease-related functions of the hnRNP A/B family proteins, highlighting areas where the proteins have not been clearly differentiated. Herein, we provide a comprehensive assembly of the literature on these proteins. We find that there are critical gaps in our grasp of A/B proteins' alternative splice isoforms, structures, regulation, and tissue and cell-type-specific functions, and propose that future mechanistic research integrating multiple A/B proteins will significantly improve our understanding of how this essential protein family contributes to cell homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A. Thibault
- Office of the Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7K 0M7, Canada; (P.A.T.); (J.-P.W.E.C.); (H.E.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Neurology Division, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X8, Canada
| | - Aravindhan Ganesan
- ArGan’s Lab, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
| | - Subha Kalyaanamoorthy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
| | - Joseph-Patrick W. E. Clarke
- Office of the Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7K 0M7, Canada; (P.A.T.); (J.-P.W.E.C.); (H.E.S.)
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Hannah E. Salapa
- Office of the Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7K 0M7, Canada; (P.A.T.); (J.-P.W.E.C.); (H.E.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Neurology Division, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X8, Canada
| | - Michael C. Levin
- Office of the Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7K 0M7, Canada; (P.A.T.); (J.-P.W.E.C.); (H.E.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Neurology Division, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X8, Canada
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Ehmsen JT, Kawaguchi R, Kaval D, Johnson AE, Nachun D, Coppola G, Höke A. GADD45A is a protective modifier of neurogenic skeletal muscle atrophy. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e149381. [PMID: 34128833 PMCID: PMC8410074 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.149381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenic muscle atrophy is the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function that occurs with nerve injury and in denervating diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Aside from prompt restoration of innervation and exercise where feasible, there are currently no effective strategies for maintaining skeletal muscle mass in the setting of denervation. We conducted a longitudinal analysis of gene expression changes occurring in atrophying skeletal muscle and identified growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible A (Gadd45a) as a gene that shows one of the earliest and most sustained increases in expression in skeletal muscle after denervation. We evaluated the role of this induction using genetic mouse models and found that mice lacking GADD45A showed accelerated and exacerbated neurogenic muscle atrophy, as well as loss of fiber type identity. Our genetic analyses demonstrate that, rather than directly contributing to muscle atrophy as proposed in earlier studies, GADD45A induction likely represents a protective negative feedback response to denervation. Establishing the downstream effectors that mediate this protective effect and the pathways they participate in may yield new opportunities to modify the course of muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T Ehmsen
- Neuromuscular Division, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Department of Neurology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Damlanur Kaval
- Neuromuscular Division, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anna E Johnson
- Neuromuscular Division, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel Nachun
- Department of Neurology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Department of Neurology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ahmet Höke
- Neuromuscular Division, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Mohanan G, Das A, Rajyaguru PI. Genotoxic stress response: What is the role of cytoplasmic mRNA fate? Bioessays 2021; 43:e2000311. [PMID: 34096096 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Genotoxic stress leads to DNA damage which can be detrimental to the cell. A well-orchestrated cellular response is mounted to manage and repair the genotoxic stress-induced DNA damage. Our understanding of genotoxic stress response is derived mainly from studies focused on transcription, mRNA splicing, and protein turnover. Surprisingly not as much is understood about the role of mRNA translation and decay in genotoxic stress response. This is despite the fact that regulation of gene expression at the level of mRNA translation and decay plays a critical role in a myriad of cellular processes. This review aims to summarize some of the known findings of the role of mRNA translation and decay by focusing on two categories of examples. We discuss examples of mRNA whose fates are regulated in the cytoplasm and RNA-binding proteins that regulate mRNA fates in response to genotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Mohanan
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Amiyaranjan Das
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Systematic Analysis of Targets of Pumilio-Mediated mRNA Decay Reveals that PUM1 Repression by DNA Damage Activates Translesion Synthesis. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107542. [PMID: 32375027 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play a pivotal role in gene expression by modulating the stability of transcripts. However, the identification of degradation target mRNAs of RBPs remains difficult. By the combined analysis of transcriptome-wide mRNA stabilities and the binding of mRNAs to human Pumilio 1 (PUM1), we identify 48 mRNAs that both bind to PUM1 and exhibit PUM1-dependent degradation. Analysis of changes in the abundance of PUM1 and its degradation target mRNAs in RNA-seq data indicate that DNA-damaging agents negatively regulate PUM1-mediated mRNA decay. Cells exposed to cisplatin have reduced PUM1 abundance and increased PCNA and UBE2A mRNAs encoding proteins involved in DNA damage tolerance by translesion synthesis (TLS). Cells overexpressing PUM1 exhibit impaired DNA synthesis and TLS and increased sensitivity to the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin. Thus, our method identifies target mRNAs of PUM1-mediated decay and reveals that cells respond to DNA damage by inhibiting PUM1-mediated mRNA decay to activate TLS.
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Krismer K, Bird MA, Varmeh S, Handly ED, Gattinger A, Bernwinkler T, Anderson DA, Heinzel A, Joughin BA, Kong YW, Cannell IG, Yaffe MB. Transite: A Computational Motif-Based Analysis Platform That Identifies RNA-Binding Proteins Modulating Changes in Gene Expression. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108064. [PMID: 32846122 PMCID: PMC8204639 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play critical roles in regulating gene expression by modulating splicing, RNA stability, and protein translation. Stimulus-induced alterations in RBP function contribute to global changes in gene expression, but identifying which RBPs are responsible for the observed changes remains an unmet need. Here, we present Transite, a computational approach that systematically infers RBPs influencing gene expression through changes in RNA stability and degradation. As a proof of principle, we apply Transite to RNA expression data from human patients with non-small-cell lung cancer whose tumors were sampled at diagnosis or after recurrence following treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy. Transite implicates known RBP regulators of the DNA damage response and identifies hnRNPC as a new modulator of chemotherapeutic resistance, which we subsequently validated experimentally. Transite serves as a framework for the identification of RBPs that drive cell-state transitions and adds additional value to the vast collection of publicly available gene expression datasets. Krismer et al. present a computational approach to identify RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that modulate post-transcriptional control of gene expression using RNA expression data as inputs. By applying this approach to publicly available patient datasets, they identify and experimentally confirm that the RBP hnRNPC contributes to chemotherapy resistance in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Krismer
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 32 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department for Medical and Bioinformatics, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Softwarepark 11, 4232 Hagenberg, Austria
| | - Molly A Bird
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shohreh Varmeh
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Erika D Handly
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anna Gattinger
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department for Medical and Bioinformatics, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Softwarepark 11, 4232 Hagenberg, Austria
| | - Thomas Bernwinkler
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department for Medical and Bioinformatics, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Softwarepark 11, 4232 Hagenberg, Austria
| | - Daniel A Anderson
- Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andreas Heinzel
- Department for Medical and Bioinformatics, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Softwarepark 11, 4232 Hagenberg, Austria
| | - Brian A Joughin
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yi Wen Kong
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Ian G Cannell
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK.
| | - Michael B Yaffe
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Divisions of Acute Care Surgery, Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, and Surgical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Storchova R, Burdova K, Palek M, Medema RH, Macurek L. A novel assay for screening WIP1 phosphatase substrates in nuclear extracts. FEBS J 2021; 288:6035-6051. [PMID: 33982878 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Upon exposure to genotoxic stress, cells activate DNA damage response (DDR) that coordinates DNA repair with a temporal arrest in the cell cycle progression. DDR is triggered by activation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated/ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein kinases that phosphorylate multiple targets including tumor suppressor protein tumor suppressor p53 (p53). In addition, DNA damage can activate parallel stress response pathways [such as mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 alpha (p38)/MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) kinases] contributing to establishing the cell cycle arrest. Wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (WIP1) controls timely inactivation of DDR and is needed for recovery from the G2 checkpoint by counteracting the function of p53. Here, we developed a simple in vitro assay for testing WIP1 substrates in nuclear extracts. Whereas we did not detect any activity of WIP1 toward p38/MK2, we confirmed p53 as a substrate of WIP1. Inhibition or inactivation of WIP1 in U2OS cells increased phosphorylation of p53 at S15 and potentiated its acetylation at K382. Further, we identified Deleted in breast cancer gene 1 (DBC1) as a new substrate of WIP1 but surprisingly, depletion of DBC1 did not interfere with the ability of WIP1 to regulate p53 acetylation. Instead, we have found that WIP1 activity suppresses p53-K382 acetylation by inhibiting the interaction between p53 and the acetyltransferase p300. Newly established phosphatase assay allows an easy comparison of WIP1 ability to dephosphorylate various proteins and thus contributes to identification of its physiological substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Storchova
- Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Burdova
- Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matous Palek
- Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - René H Medema
- Division of Cell Biology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Libor Macurek
- Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Song XH, Liao XY, Zheng XY, Liu JQ, Zhang ZW, Zhang LN, Yan YB. Human Ccr4 and Caf1 Deadenylases Regulate Proliferation and Tumorigenicity of Human Gastric Cancer Cells via Modulating Cell Cycle Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040834. [PMID: 33671234 PMCID: PMC7922635 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer cells generally reprogram their gene expression profiles to satisfy continuous growth, proliferation, and metastasis. Most eukaryotic mRNAs are degraded in a deadenylation-dependent pathway, in which deadenylases are the key enzymes. We found that human Ccr4 (hCcr4a/b) and Caf1 (hCaf1a/b), the dominant cytosolic deadenylases, were dysregulated in several types of cancers including stomach adenocarcinoma. Stably knocking down hCaf1a/b or hCcr4a/b blocks cell cycle progression by enhancing the levels of cell cycle inhibitors and by inhibiting the formation of processing bodies, which are cytosolic foci involved in mRNA metabolism. More importantly, depletion of hCaf1a/b or hCcr4a/b dramatically inhibits cell proliferation and tumorigenicity. Our results suggest that perturbating global RNA metabolism may provide a potential novel strategy for cancer treatment. Abstract Cancer cells generally have reprogrammed gene expression profiles to meet the requirements of survival, continuous division, and metastasis. An interesting question is whether the cancer cells will be affected by interfering their global RNA metabolism. In this research, we found that human Ccr4a/b (hCcr4a/b) and Caf1a/b (hCaf1a/b) deadenylases, the catalytic components of the Ccr4-Not complex, were dysregulated in several types of cancers including stomach adenocarcinoma. The impacts of the four deadenylases on cancer cell growth were studied by the establishment of four stable MKN28 cell lines with the knockdown of hCcr4a/b or hCaf1a/b or transient knockdown in several cell lines. Depletion of hCcr4a/b or hCaf1a/b significantly inhibited cell proliferation and tumorigenicity. Mechanistic studies indicated that the cells were arrested at the G2/M phase by knocking down hCaf1a, while arrested at the G0/G1 phase by depleting hCaf1b or hCcr4a/b. The four enzymes did not affect the levels of CDKs and cyclins but modulated the levels of CDK–cyclin inhibitors. We identified that hCcr4a/b, but not hCaf1a/b, targeted the p21 mRNA in the MKN28 cells. Furthermore, depletion of any one of the four deadenylases dramatically impaired processing-body formation in the MKN28 and HEK-293T cells. Our results highlight that perturbating global RNA metabolism may severely affect cancer cell proliferation, which provides a potential novel strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (X.-H.S.); (X.-Y.L.); (X.-Y.Z.); (J.-Q.L.); (Z.-W.Z.)
| | - Xiao-Yan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (X.-H.S.); (X.-Y.L.); (X.-Y.Z.); (J.-Q.L.); (Z.-W.Z.)
| | - Xu-Ying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (X.-H.S.); (X.-Y.L.); (X.-Y.Z.); (J.-Q.L.); (Z.-W.Z.)
| | - Jia-Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (X.-H.S.); (X.-Y.L.); (X.-Y.Z.); (J.-Q.L.); (Z.-W.Z.)
| | - Zhe-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (X.-H.S.); (X.-Y.L.); (X.-Y.Z.); (J.-Q.L.); (Z.-W.Z.)
| | - Li-Na Zhang
- College of Life Science and Chemistry, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
- Correspondence: (L.-N.Z.); (Y.-B.Y.); Tel.: +86-10-6739-6342 (L.-N.Z.); +86-10-6278-3477 (Y.-B.Y.)
| | - Yong-Bin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (X.-H.S.); (X.-Y.L.); (X.-Y.Z.); (J.-Q.L.); (Z.-W.Z.)
- Correspondence: (L.-N.Z.); (Y.-B.Y.); Tel.: +86-10-6739-6342 (L.-N.Z.); +86-10-6278-3477 (Y.-B.Y.)
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Liu T, Fang K, Liu Y, Zhang X, Han L, Wang X. Enantioselective residues and toxicity effects of the chiral triazole fungicide hexaconazole in earthworms (Eisenia fetida). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 270:116269. [PMID: 33338958 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The enantioselective toxic effect and environmental behavior of chiral pesticides have attracted increasing research attention. In this study, the enantioselective toxicity and residues of hexaconazole (HEX) in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) were investigated. In the present study, significant enantioselective degradation characteristics were observed in artificial soil with the R-enantiomer preferentially degrading (p < 0.05); however, no significant enantioselective bioaccumulation was observed in the earthworms (p > 0.05). The acute toxicity of S-(+)-HEX was higher than that of R-(-)-HEX in earthworms, with 48-h LC50 values of 8.62 and 22.35 μg/cm2, respectively. At 25 mg/kg, enantiospecific induction of oxidative stress was observed in earthworms; moreover, S-(+)-HEX had a greater influence on the contents of malonaldehyde, cytochrome P450, and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine than R-(-)-HEX. These results were consistent with those of the enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes. The transcriptome sequencing results showed that S-(+)-HEX had a more significant influence on steroid biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism, and cell cycle processes than R-(-)-HEX, leading to abnormal biological function activities. These results indicate that S-(+)-HEX may pose a higher risk to soil organisms than R-(-)-HEX. This study suggests that the environmental risk of chiral pesticides to nontarget organisms should be assessed at the enantiomeric level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, 266101, PR China
| | - Kuan Fang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, 266101, PR China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Yalei Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, 266101, PR China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Xiaolian Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, 266101, PR China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Lingxi Han
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Xiuguo Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, 266101, PR China.
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Abstract
The protein-coding regions of mRNAs have the information to make proteins and hence have been at the center of attention for understanding altered protein functions in disease states, including cancer. Indeed, the discovery of genomic alterations and driver mutations that change protein levels and/or activity has been pivotal in our understanding of cancer biology. However, to better understand complex molecular mechanisms that are deregulated in cancers, we also need to look at non-coding parts of mRNAs, including 3'UTRs (untranslated regions), which control mRNA stability, localization, and translation efficiency. Recently, these rather overlooked regions of mRNAs are gaining attention as mounting evidence provides functional links between 3'UTRs, protein functions, and cancer-related molecular mechanisms. Here, roles of 3'UTRs in cancer biology and mechanisms that result in cancer-specific 3'-end isoform variants will be reviewed. An increased appreciation of 3'UTRs may help the discovery of new ways to explain as of yet unknown oncogene activation and tumor suppressor inactivation cases in cancers, and provide new avenues for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Elif Erson-Bensan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, Middle East Technical University (METU, ODTU), Dumlupinar Blv No: 1, Universiteler Mah, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
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Fraga de Andrade I, Mehta C, Bresnick EH. Post-transcriptional control of cellular differentiation by the RNA exosome complex. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:11913-11928. [PMID: 33119769 PMCID: PMC7708067 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the complexity of intracellular RNA ensembles and vast phenotypic remodeling intrinsic to cellular differentiation, it is instructive to consider the role of RNA regulatory machinery in controlling differentiation. Dynamic post-transcriptional regulation of protein-coding and non-coding transcripts is vital for establishing and maintaining proteomes that enable or oppose differentiation. By contrast to extensively studied transcriptional mechanisms governing differentiation, many questions remain unanswered regarding the involvement of post-transcriptional mechanisms. Through its catalytic activity to selectively process or degrade RNAs, the RNA exosome complex dictates the levels of RNAs comprising multiple RNA classes, thereby regulating chromatin structure, gene expression and differentiation. Although the RNA exosome would be expected to control diverse biological processes, studies to elucidate its biological functions and how it integrates into, or functions in parallel with, cell type-specific transcriptional mechanisms are in their infancy. Mechanistic analyses have demonstrated that the RNA exosome confers expression of a differentiation regulatory receptor tyrosine kinase, downregulates the telomerase RNA component TERC, confers genomic stability and promotes DNA repair, which have considerable physiological and pathological implications. In this review, we address how a broadly operational RNA regulatory complex interfaces with cell type-specific machinery to control cellular differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Fraga de Andrade
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Avenue, 4009 WIMR, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Charu Mehta
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Avenue, 4009 WIMR, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Emery H Bresnick
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Avenue, 4009 WIMR, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Song J, Yu J, Jeong LS, Lee SK. A Novel cytarabine analog evokes synthetic lethality by targeting MK2 in p53-deficient cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2020; 497:54-65. [PMID: 33075425 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Most nucleoside anticancer drugs show a primary resistance to p53-deficient or p53-mutated cancer cells and are limited in the clinic to the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, 2'-fluoro-4'-seleno-ara-C (F-Se-Ara-C), a new generation of cytarabine (Ara-C) analogs, exhibited potent antitumor activity against the p53-deficient prostate cancer cell line PC-3. The distinct activity of F-Se-Ara-C was achieved by targeting the synthetic lethal interaction between p53 and mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase-2 (MK2). MK2 is a checkpoint effector for DNA damage responses to drive cell cycle arrest and DNA repair in p53-deficient cancer cells. Therefore, targeting MK2 may be an effective therapeutic strategy that induces apoptosis for cancers deficient in p53. F-Se-Ara-C effectively induced anti-prostate cancer activity in vitro and in vivo by inhibition of MK2 activation in p53-deficient prostate cancer cells. Moreover, combining F-Se-Ara-C with cabozantinib, an anticancer drug currently in clinical use, induced synergistic antitumor activity in p53-deficient prostate cancer cells. Taken together, these data show that F-Se-Ara-C may become great anticancer drug candidate with its unique mechanism of action for overcoming the apoptotic resistance of p53-deficient cells by targeting the synthetic lethal interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayoung Song
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinha Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Lak Shin Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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40
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Gong H, Nie D, Li Z. Targeting Six Hallmarks of Cancer in Ovarian Cancer Therapy. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 20:853-867. [PMID: 32807056 DOI: 10.2174/1568009620999200816130218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Normal cells must overcome multiple protective mechanisms to develop into cancer cells. Their new capabilities include self-sufficiency in growth signals and insensitivity to antigrowth signals, evasion of apoptosis, a limitless replicative potential, sustained angiogenesis, and tissue invasion and metastasis; these are also termed the six hallmarks of cancer. A deep understanding of the genetic and protein alterations involved in these processes has enabled the development of targeted therapeutic strategies and clinical trial design in the search for ovarian cancer treatments. Clinically, significantly longer progression-free survival has been observed in the single use of PARP, MEK, VEGF and Chk1/Chk2 inhibitors. However, the clinical efficacy of the targeted agents is still restricted to specific molecular subtypes and no trials illustrate a benefit in overall survival. Exploring novel drug targets or combining current feasible biological agents hold great promise to further improve outcomes in ovarian cancer. In this review, we intend to provide a comprehensive description of the molecular alterations involved in ovarian cancer carcinogenesis and of emerging biological agents and combined strategies that target aberrant pathways, which might shed light on future ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dan Nie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Zhengyu Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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41
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Enhancing chemotherapy response through augmented synthetic lethality by co-targeting nucleotide excision repair and cell-cycle checkpoints. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4124. [PMID: 32807787 PMCID: PMC7431578 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17958-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to DNA damage, a synthetic lethal relationship exists between the cell cycle checkpoint kinase MK2 and the tumor suppressor p53. Here, we describe the concept of augmented synthetic lethality (ASL): depletion of a third gene product enhances a pre-existing synthetic lethal combination. We show that loss of the DNA repair protein XPA markedly augments the synthetic lethality between MK2 and p53, enhancing anti-tumor responses alone and in combination with cisplatin chemotherapy. Delivery of siRNA-peptide nanoplexes co-targeting MK2 and XPA to pre-existing p53-deficient tumors in a highly aggressive, immunocompetent mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma improves long-term survival and cisplatin response beyond those of the synthetic lethal p53 mutant/MK2 combination alone. These findings establish a mechanism for co-targeting DNA damage-induced cell cycle checkpoints in combination with repair of cisplatin-DNA lesions in vivo using RNAi nanocarriers, and motivate further exploration of ASL as a generalized strategy to improve cancer treatment.
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42
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Jiménez J, Queralt E, Posas F, de Nadal E. The regulation of Net1/Cdc14 by the Hog1 MAPK upon osmostress unravels a new mechanism regulating mitosis. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:2105-2118. [PMID: 32794416 PMCID: PMC7513861 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1804222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
During evolution, cells have developed a plethora of mechanisms to optimize survival in a changing and unpredictable environment. In this regard, they have evolved networks that include environmental sensors, signaling transduction molecules and response mechanisms. Hog1 (yeast) and p38 (mammals) stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs) are activated upon stress and they drive a full collection of cell adaptive responses aimed to maximize survival. SAPKs are extensively used to learn about the mechanisms through which cells adapt to changing environments. In addition to regulating gene expression and metabolism, SAPKs control cell cycle progression. In this review, we will discuss the latest findings related to the SAPK-driven regulation of mitosis upon osmostress in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Jiménez
- Departament De Ciències Experimentals I De La Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) , Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Ciències Bàsiques, Facultat De Medicina I Ciències De La Salut, Universitat Internacional De Catalunya , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ethel Queralt
- Cell Cycle Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdica De Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet De Llobregat , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Posas
- Departament De Ciències Experimentals I De La Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) , Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eulàlia de Nadal
- Departament De Ciències Experimentals I De La Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) , Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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43
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Yan YB. Diverse functions of deadenylases in DNA damage response and genomic integrity. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2020; 12:e1621. [PMID: 32790161 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) is a coordinated network of diverse cellular processes including the detection, signaling, and repair of DNA lesions, the adjustment of metabolic network and cell fate determination. To deal with the unavoidable DNA damage caused by either endogenous or exogenous stresses, the cells need to reshape the gene expression profile to allow efficient transcription and translation of DDR-responsive messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and to repress the nonessential mRNAs. A predominant method to adjust RNA fate is achieved by modulating the 3'-end oligo(A) or poly(A) length via the opposing actions of polyadenylation and deadenylation. Poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN) and the carbon catabolite repressor 4 (CCR4)-Not complex, the major executors of deadenylation, are indispensable to DDR and genomic integrity in eukaryotic cells. PARN modulates cell cycle progression by regulating the stabilities of mRNAs and microRNA (miRNAs) involved in the p53 pathway and contributes to genomic stability by affecting the biogenesis of noncoding RNAs including miRNAs and telomeric RNA. The CCR4-Not complex is involved in diverse pathways of DDR including transcriptional regulation, signaling pathways, mRNA stabilities, translation regulation, and protein degradation. The RNA targets of deadenylases are tuned by the DDR signaling pathways, while in turn the deadenylases can regulate the levels of DNA damage-responsive proteins. The mutual feedback between deadenylases and the DDR signaling pathways allows the cells to precisely control DDR by dynamically adjusting the levels of sensors and effectors of the DDR signaling pathways. Here, the diverse functions of deadenylases in DDR are summarized and the underlying mechanisms are proposed according to recent findings. This article is categorized under: RNA Processing > 3' End Processing RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Turnover/Surveillance Mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Bin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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44
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Kaiser RWJ, Erber J, Höpker K, Fabretti F, Müller RU. AATF/Che-1-An RNA Binding Protein at the Nexus of DNA Damage Response and Ribosome Biogenesis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:919. [PMID: 32587828 PMCID: PMC7298124 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) is a complex signaling network that is activated upon genotoxic stress. It determines cellular fate by either activating cell cycle arrest or initiating apoptosis and thereby ensures genomic stability. The Apoptosis Antagonizing Transcription Factor (AATF/Che-1), an RNA polymerase II-interacting transcription factor and known downstream target of major DDR kinases, affects DDR signaling by inhibiting p53-mediated transcription of pro-apoptotic genes and promoting cell cycle arrest through various pathways instead. Specifically, AATF was shown to inhibit p53 expression at the transcriptional level and repress its pro-apoptotic activity by direct binding to p53 protein and transactivation of anti-apoptotic genes. Solid and hematological tumors of various organs exploit this function by overexpressing AATF. Both copy number gains and high expression levels of AATF were associated with worse prognosis or relapse of malignant tumors. Recently, a number of studies have enabled insights into the molecular mechanisms by which AATF affects both DDR and proliferation. AATF was found to directly localize to sites of DNA damage upon laser ablation and interact with DNA repair proteins. In addition, depletion of AATF resulted in increased DNA damage and decrease of both proliferative activity and genotoxic tolerance. Interestingly, considering the role of ribosomal stress in the regulation of p53, more recent work established AATF as ribosomal RNA binding protein and enabled insights into its role as an important factor for rRNA processing and ribosome biogenesis. This Mini Review summarizes recent findings on AATF and its important role in the DDR, malignancy, and ribosome biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer W J Kaiser
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Johanna Erber
- Department I of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Medicine II, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Höpker
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Francesca Fabretti
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Roman-Ulrich Müller
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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45
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Dejene EA, Li Y, Showkatian Z, Ling H, Seto E. Regulation of poly(a)-specific ribonuclease activity by reversible lysine acetylation. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10255-10270. [PMID: 32457045 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN) is a 3'-exoribonuclease that plays an important role in regulating the stability and maturation of RNAs. Recently, PARN has been found to regulate the maturation of the human telomerase RNA component (hTR), a noncoding RNA required for telomere elongation. Specifically, PARN cleaves the 3'-end of immature, polyadenylated hTR to form the mature, nonpolyadenylated template. Despite PARN's critical role in mediating telomere maintenance, little is known about how PARN's function is regulated by post-translational modifications. In this study, using shRNA- and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene silencing and knockout approaches, along with 3'-exoribonuclease activity assays and additional biochemical methods, we examined whether PARN is post-translationally modified by acetylation and what effect acetylation has on PARN's activity. We found PARN is primarily acetylated by the acetyltransferase p300 at Lys-566 and deacetylated by sirtuin1 (SIRT1). We also revealed how acetylation of PARN can decrease its enzymatic activity both in vitro, using a synthetic RNA probe, and in vivo, by quantifying endogenous levels of adenylated hTR. Furthermore, we also found that SIRT1 can regulate levels of adenylated hTR through PARN. The findings of our study uncover a mechanism by which PARN acetylation and deacetylation regulate its enzymatic activity as well as levels of mature hTR. Thus, PARN's acetylation status may play a role in regulating telomere length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden A Dejene
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA.,George Washington University Cancer Center, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Yixuan Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA.,George Washington University Cancer Center, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Zahra Showkatian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA.,George Washington University Cancer Center, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Hongbo Ling
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA.,George Washington University Cancer Center, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Edward Seto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA .,George Washington University Cancer Center, Washington, D.C., USA
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46
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Phoa AF, Recasens A, Gurgis FMS, Betts TA, Menezes SV, Chau D, Nordfors K, Haapasalo J, Haapasalo H, Johns TG, Stringer BW, Day BW, Buckland ME, Lalaoui N, Munoz L. MK2 Inhibition Induces p53-Dependent Senescence in Glioblastoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030654. [PMID: 32168910 PMCID: PMC7139970 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) has diverse roles in cancer. In response to chemotherapy, MK2 inhibition is synthetically lethal to p53-deficiency. While TP53 deletion is rare in glioblastomas, these tumors often carry TP53 mutations. Here, we show that MK2 inhibition strongly attenuated glioblastoma cell proliferation through p53wt stabilization and senescence. The senescence-inducing efficacy of MK2 inhibition was particularly strong when cells were co-treated with the standard-of-care temozolomide. However, MK2 inhibition also increased the stability of p53 mutants and enhanced the proliferation of p53-mutant stem cells. These observations reveal that in response to DNA damaging chemotherapy, targeting MK2 in p53-mutated cells produces a phenotype that is distinct from the p53-deficient phenotype. Thus, MK2 represents a novel drug target in 70% glioblastomas harboring intact TP53 gene. However, targeting MK2 in tumors with TP53 mutations may accelerate disease progression. These findings are highly relevant since TP53 mutations occur in over 50% of all cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athena F. Phoa
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre and Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; (A.F.P.); (A.R.); (F.M.S.G.); (T.A.B.); (S.V.M.); (M.E.B.)
| | - Ariadna Recasens
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre and Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; (A.F.P.); (A.R.); (F.M.S.G.); (T.A.B.); (S.V.M.); (M.E.B.)
| | - Fadi M. S. Gurgis
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre and Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; (A.F.P.); (A.R.); (F.M.S.G.); (T.A.B.); (S.V.M.); (M.E.B.)
| | - Tara A. Betts
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre and Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; (A.F.P.); (A.R.); (F.M.S.G.); (T.A.B.); (S.V.M.); (M.E.B.)
| | - Sharleen V. Menezes
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre and Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; (A.F.P.); (A.R.); (F.M.S.G.); (T.A.B.); (S.V.M.); (M.E.B.)
| | - Diep Chau
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; (D.C.); (N.L.)
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Kristiina Nordfors
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, 33521 Tampere, Finland;
- Tampere Center for Child Health Research, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada;
| | - Joonas Haapasalo
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada;
- Department of Pathology, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital, FI-33521 Tampere, Finland;
| | - Hannu Haapasalo
- Department of Pathology, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital, FI-33521 Tampere, Finland;
| | - Terrance G. Johns
- Oncogenic Signalling Laboratory, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children’s Hospital, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Brett W. Stringer
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (B.W.S.); (B.W.D.)
| | - Bryan W. Day
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (B.W.S.); (B.W.D.)
| | - Michael E. Buckland
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre and Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; (A.F.P.); (A.R.); (F.M.S.G.); (T.A.B.); (S.V.M.); (M.E.B.)
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Najoua Lalaoui
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; (D.C.); (N.L.)
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Lenka Munoz
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre and Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; (A.F.P.); (A.R.); (F.M.S.G.); (T.A.B.); (S.V.M.); (M.E.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-293-512-315
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47
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The p38 Pathway: From Biology to Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061913. [PMID: 32168915 PMCID: PMC7139330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The p38 MAPK pathway is well known for its role in transducing stress signals from the environment. Many key players and regulatory mechanisms of this signaling cascade have been described to some extent. Nevertheless, p38 participates in a broad range of cellular activities, for many of which detailed molecular pictures are still lacking. Originally described as a tumor-suppressor kinase for its inhibitory role in RAS-dependent transformation, p38 can also function as a tumor promoter, as demonstrated by extensive experimental data. This finding has prompted the development of specific inhibitors that have been used in clinical trials to treat several human malignancies, although without much success to date. However, elucidating critical aspects of p38 biology, such as isoform-specific functions or its apparent dual nature during tumorigenesis, might open up new possibilities for therapy with unexpected potential. In this review, we provide an extensive description of the main biological functions of p38 and focus on recent studies that have addressed its role in cancer. Furthermore, we provide an updated overview of therapeutic strategies targeting p38 in cancer and promising alternatives currently being explored.
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48
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Matsui A, Kobayashi J, Kanno SI, Hashiguchi K, Miyaji M, Yoshikawa Y, Yasui A, Zhang-Akiyama QM. Oxidation resistance 1 prevents genome instability through maintenance of G2/M arrest in gamma-ray-irradiated cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2020; 61:1-13. [PMID: 31845986 PMCID: PMC6976731 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrz080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Human oxidation resistance 1 (OXR1) was identified as a protein that decreases genomic mutations in Escherichia coli caused by oxidative DNA damage. However, the mechanism by which OXR1 defends against genome instability has not been elucidated. To clarify how OXR1 maintains genome stability, the effects of OXR1-depletion on genome stability were investigated in OXR1-depleted HeLa cells using gamma-rays (γ-rays). The OXR1-depleted cells had higher levels of superoxide and micronucleus (MN) formation than control cells after irradiation. OXR1-overexpression alleviated the increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and MN formation after irradiation. The increased MN formation in irradiated OXR1-depleted cells was partially attenuated by the ROS inhibitor N-acetyl-L-cysteine, suggesting that OXR1-depeletion increases ROS-dependent genome instability. We also found that OXR1-depletion shortened the duration of γ-ray-induced G2/M arrest. In the presence of the cell cycle checkpoint inhibitor caffeine, the level of MN formed after irradiation was similar between control and OXR1-depleted cells, demonstrating that OXR1-depletion accelerates MN formation through abrogation of G2/M arrest. In OXR1-depleted cells, the level of cyclin D1 protein expression was increased. Here we report that OXR1 prevents genome instability by cell cycle regulation as well as oxidative stress defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ako Matsui
- Laboratory of Stress Response Biology, Department of Zoology, Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Junya Kobayashi
- Department of Genome Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Kanno
- Division of Dynamic Proteome in Cancer and Aging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kazunari Hashiguchi
- Laboratory of Stress Response Biology, Department of Zoology, Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| | - Masahiro Miyaji
- Laboratory of Stress Response Biology, Department of Zoology, Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yoshikawa
- Laboratory of Stress Response Biology, Department of Zoology, Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Akira Yasui
- Division of Dynamic Proteome in Cancer and Aging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Qiu-Mei Zhang-Akiyama
- Laboratory of Stress Response Biology, Department of Zoology, Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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49
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Translation Efficiency and Degradation of ER-Associated mRNAs Modulated by ER-Anchored poly(A)-Specific Ribonuclease (PARN). Cells 2020; 9:cells9010162. [PMID: 31936572 PMCID: PMC7017053 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Translation is spatiotemporally regulated and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated mRNAs are generally in efficient translation. It is unclear whether the ER-associated mRNAs are deadenylated or degraded on the ER surface in situ or in the cytosol. Here, we showed that ER possessed active deadenylases, particularly the poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN), in common cell lines and mouse tissues. Consistently, purified recombinant PARN exhibited a strong ability to insert into the Langmuir monolayer and liposome. ER-anchored PARN was found to be able to reshape the poly(A) length profile of the ER-associated RNAs by suppressing long poly(A) tails without significantly influencing the cytosolic RNAs. The shortening of long poly(A) tails did not affect global translation efficiency, which suggests that the non-specific action of PARN towards long poly(A) tails was beyond the scope of translation regulation on the ER surface. Transcriptome sequencing analysis indicated that the ER-anchored PARN trigged the degradation of a small subset of ER-enriched transcripts. The ER-anchored PARN modulated the translation of its targets by redistributing ribosomes to heavy polysomes, which suggests that PARN might play a role in dynamic ribosome reallocation. During DNA damage response, MK2 phosphorylated PARN-Ser557 to modulate PARN translocation from the ER to cytosol. The ER-anchored PARN modulated DNA damage response and thereby cell viability by promoting the decay of ER-associated MDM2 transcripts with low ribosome occupancy. These findings revealed that highly regulated communication between mRNA degradation rate and translation efficiency is present on the ER surface in situ and PARN might contribute to this communication by modulating the dynamic ribosome reallocation between transcripts with low and high ribosome occupancies.
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50
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Yao L, Yu F, Xu Y, Wang Y, Zuo Y, Wang C, Ye L. DNA damage response manages cell cycle restriction of senile multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:809-818. [PMID: 31664596 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05150-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MMSCs) are promising to treat a variety of traumatic and degenerative diseases. However, in vitro-passage aging induces cell cycle arrest and a series of genetic and biological changes, which greatly limits ex vivo cell number expansion and further clinical application of MMSCs. In most cases, DNA damage and DNA damage response (DDR) act as the main cause and executor of cellular senescence respectively. Mechanistically, DNA damage signals induce cell cycle arrest and DNA damage repair via DDR. If the DNA damage is indelible, MMSCs would entry into a permanent cell cycle arrest. It should be noted that apart from DDR signaling, certain proliferation or metabolism pathways are also occupied in DNA damage related cell cycle arrest. New findings of these aspects will also be summarized in this study. In summary, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of DDR associated cell cycle regulation and other major molecular signaling in the senescence of MMSCs. Above knowledge could contribute to improve the limited capacity of in vitro expansion of MMSCs, and then promote their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fanyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yining Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yitian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanqin Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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