Synthetic methodologies and properties of organometallic and coordination macromolecules

Metallo-Supramolecular Complexation Behavior of Terpyridine- and Ferrocene-Based Polymers in Solution-A Molecular Hydrodynamics Perspective

The contribution deals with the synthesis of the poly(methacrylate)-based copolymers, which contain ferrocene and/or terpyridine moieties in the side chains, and the subsequent analysis of their self-assembly behavior upon supramolecular/coordination interactions with Eu3+ and Pd2+ ions in dilute solutions. Both metal ions provoke intra and inter molecular complexation that results in the formation of large supra-macromolecular assembles of different conformation/shapes. By applying complementary analytical approaches (i.e., sedimentation-diffusion analysis in the analytical ultracentrifuge, dynamic light scattering, viscosity and density measurements, morphology studies by electron microscopy), a map of possible conformational states/shapes was drawn and the corresponding fundamental hydrodynamic and macromolecular characteristics of metallo-supramolecular assemblies at various ligand-to-ion molar concentration ratios (M/L) in extremely dilute polymer solutions (c[η]≈0.006) were determined. It was shown that intramolecular complexation is already detected at (L≈0.1), while at M/L>0.5 solution/suspension precipitates. Extreme aggregation/agglomeration behavior of such dilute polymer solutions at relatively “high” metal ion content is explained from the perspective of polymer-solvent and charge interactions that will accompany the intramolecular complexation due to the coordination interactions.

Porous Organic Polymers Derived from Ferrocene and Tetrahedral Silicon-Centered Monomers for Carbon Dioxide Sorption

Herein, we present two novel ferrocene-containing porous organic polymers, FPOP-1 and FPOP-2, by the Heck reactions of 1,1'-divinylferrocene with two tetrahedral silicon-centered units, i.e., tetrakis(4-bromophenyl)silane and tetrakis(4'-bromo-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)silane. The resulting materials possess high thermal stability and moderate porosity with the Brunauer-Emmer-Teller (BET) surface areas of 499 m2 g-1 (FPOP-1) and 354 m2 g-1 (FPOP-2) and total pore volumes of 0.43 cm3 g-1 (FPOP-1) and 0.49 cm3 g-1 (FPOP-2). The porosity is comparable to previously reported ferrocene-containing porous polymers. These materials possess comparable CO2 capacities of 1.16 mmol g-1 (5.10 wt%) at 273 K and 1.0 bar, and 0.54 mmol g-1 (2.38 wt%) at 298 K and 1.0 bar (FPOP-1). The found capacities are comparable to, or higher than many porous polymers having similar or higher surface areas. They have high isosteric heats of up to 32.9 kJ mol-1, proving that the affinity between the polymer network and CO2 is high, which can be explained by the presence of ferrocene units in the porous networks. These results indicate that these materials can be promisingly utilized as candidates for the storage or capture of CO2. More ferrocene-containing porous polymers can be designed and synthesized by combining ferrocene units with various aromatic monomers under this strategy and their applications could be explored.

Controllable preparation of magnetic carbon nanocomposites by pyrolysis of organometallic precursors, similar molecular structure but very different morphology, composition and properties

Organometallic compounds were synthesized for solid-state pyrolysis to research the structure–property relationship between the precursors and the as-generated magnetic carbon nanocomposites.

Recent progress of magnetic nanomaterials from cobalt-containing organometallic polymer precursors

This review summarizes the recent progress in the syntheses and materials applications of Co-containing organometallic polymers, and mainly focuses on the preparation of magnetic nanostructures from Co-containing organometallic polymer precursors.

Metallopolymers for advanced sustainable applications

Since the development of metallopolymers, there has been tremendous interest in the applications of this type of materials. The interest in these materials stems from their potential use in industry as catalysts, biomedical agents in healthcare, energy storage and production as well as climate change mitigation. The past two decades have clearly shown exponential growth in the development of many new classes of metallopolymers that address these issues. Today, metallopolymers are considered to be at the forefront for discovering new and sustainable heterogeneous catalysts, therapeutics for drug-resistant diseases, energy storage and photovoltaics, molecular barometers and thermometers, as well as carbon dioxide sequesters. The focus of this review is to highlight the advances in design of metallopolymers with specific sustainable applications.

Ferrocene-based hyperbranched poly(phenyltriazolylcarboxylate)s: synthesis by phenylpropiolate-azide polycycloaddition and use as precursors to nanostructured magnetoceramics

Ferrocene-based hb-PPTCs with redox activity are readily prepared by the catalyst-free phenylpropiolate-azide polycycloaddition. They could be used as precursors to produce nanostructured magnetoceramics upon pyrolysis.

Cylindrical NIR-Responsive Metallopolymer Containing Möbius Metalla-aromatics

Metalla-aromatic complexes are very stable and excellent light-absorbing compounds, owing to their highly conjugated frameworks. The metallopolymers containing metalla-aromatic substructures consist of a new type of functional polymer, because they exhibit characteristics of both metalla-aromatic and polymeric units. Herein, we reported a corn-like cylindrical metallopolymer, prepared from the controlled polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) by a polyrotaxane-based macroinitiator, followed by postpolymerization modification with a photothermal metalla-aromatic complex. The corn-like shape of this metallopolymer was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Combining the photothermal effect of the metalla-aromatic unit and the thermosensitive property of PNIPAM, the corn-like metallopolymer exhibits a NIR-responsive behavior and represents a new smart material.

Photothermal Möbius aromatic metallapentalenofuran and its NIR-responsive copolymer

A novel thermally and NIR-light responsive metallopolymer was copolymerized from a photothermal aromatic metallapentalenofuran and a glycol methyl ether methacrylate.

Amphipathic metal-containing macromolecules with photothermal properties

Metal-containing macromolecules with extraordinary properties have attracted a great deal of interest owing to their potential application in the development of functional materials.

Multifunctional polymers built on copper–thioether coordination

Copper–thioether coordinated block polymers were successfully constructed to form mechanically tough materials with a color response towards hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide.

Synthesis and characterization of metallo-supramolecular polymers

The incorporation of metal centers into the backbone of polymers has led to the development of a broad range of organometallic and coordination compounds featuring properties that are relevant for potential applications in diverse areas of research, ranging from energy storage/conversion to bioactive or self-healing materials. In this review, the basic concepts and synthetic strategies leading to these types of materials as well as the scope of available characterization techniques will be summarized and discussed.

ROMP Synthesis of Iron-Containing Organometallic Polymers

The paper overviews iron-containing polymers prepared by controlled “living” ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Developments in the design and synthesis of this class of organometallic polymers are highlighted, pinpointing methodologies and newest trends in advanced applications of hybrid materials based on polymers functionalized with iron motifs.

Diblock metallocopolymers containing various iron sandwich complexes: living ROMP synthesis and selective reversible oxidation

New diblock copolymers containing two iron-sandwich complexes in the side chain have been synthesized and oxidized to obtain mixed-valent Fe^II–Fe^III copolymers.

Structures and packing of ferrocenylmethyl methacrylate and ferrocene-1,1'-diylbis(methylene) dimethacrylate

Electroactive metallocene polymers are of interest due to the possibility that they offer a muscle-like response, and in gel systems very large volume changes are possible. The ferrocenyl moiety exhibits physical and electrochemical stability of the neutral and oxidized forms and could be a candidate for use as the redox-active group in these materials. The title compounds, [Fe(C5H5)(C10H11O2)], (I), and [Fe(C10H11O2)2], (II), comprise a typical ferrocene core with coplanar and approximately eclipsed cyclopentadienyl (Cp) rings. In (I), there is a single methyl methacrylate substituent, with the other Cp ring unsubstituted. In (II), a methyl methacrylate substituent on each Cp ring completes the structure. In both compounds, there is an s-trans geometry of the vinyl and carbonyl components of the methacrylate group. Inversion dimers formed through C-H...O contacts dominate the crystal packing of both molecules. Weak C-H...π(ring) contacts and, in the case of (I), an unusual C-H...π(alkene) contact further stabilize the structures.

Synthesis of main-chain metal carbonyl organometallic macromolecules (MCMCOMs)

Synthesis of main-chain metal carbonyl organometallic macromolecules (MCMCOMs) is difficult, mainly due to the instability of metal carbonyl complexes. Despite its challenge a number of MCMCOMs has been prepared by strategically using organometallic, organic, and polymer synthetic chemistry. Main contributions to this research field were reported by the groups of Tyler, Pannell, and Wang and are briefly summarized in this article.

Spectroscopic properties and the catalytic activity of new organo-lead supramolecular coordination polymer containing quinoxaline

The 3D-supramolecular coordination polymer (SCP) (3)∞[ Cu2(CN)3(Me3Pb)(qox)], 1, as the first example of the CuCN SCP containing the (Me3Pb) fragment, was explored to investigate its catalytic and photo-catalytic activities. The structure of 1 contains two chemically identical but crystallographically different [Cu2(CN)3⋅Me3Pb⋅qox]2 units with four Cu(I) sites assuming distorted TP-3 geometry. Two non-linear chains of equal abundance are formed producing corrugated parallel chains which are connected laterally by quinoxaline creating 2D-layers which are arranged parallel in an (AB⋯AB⋯AB)n fashion forming 3D-network. IR, mass, electronic absorption and fluorescence spectra are also investigated. The SCP 1 is diamagnetic and exhibits good catalytic and photo-catalytic activities for the degradation of methylene blue (MB). The reaction is first order with respect to MB dye. The irradiation of the reaction with UV-light enhanced the rate of MB mineralization. The efficiency of recycled the 1 and the mechanism of degradation of MB dye were investigated.

Organometallic polymers for electrode decoration in sensing applications

Macromolecules containing metals combine the processing advantages of polymers with the functionality offered by the metal centers. The developments in the area of electrochemical chemo/biosensors based on organometallic polymers are reviewed.