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Yasar B, Suh YE, Chapman E, Nicholls L, Henderson D, Jones C, Morrison K, Wells E, Henderson J, Meehan C, Sohaib A, Taylor H, Tree A, van As N. Simultaneous Focal Boost With Stereotactic Radiation Therapy for Localized Intermediate- to High-Risk Prostate Cancer: Primary Outcomes of the SPARC Phase 2 Trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 120:49-58. [PMID: 38499253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dose-escalated radiation therapy is associated with better biochemical control at the expense of toxicity. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) with dose escalation to the dominant intraprostatic lesion (DIL) provides a logical approach to improve outcomes in high-risk disease while limiting toxicity. This study evaluated the toxicity and quality of life (QoL) with CyberKnife-based SBRT and simultaneous integrated boost in localized prostate cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS Eligible participants included newly diagnosed, biopsy-proven unfavorable intermediate- to high-risk localized prostate cancer (at least 1 of the following: Gleason ≥4+3, magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)-defined T3a N0, prostate-specific antigen ≥20) with up to 2 MRI-identified DILs. Participants received 36.25 Gy in 5 fractions on alternative days with a simultaneous boost to DIL up to 47.5 Gy as allowed by organ-at-risk constraints delivered by CyberKnife. All participants received androgen deprivation therapy. The primary outcome measure was acute grade 2+ genitourinary toxicity. Acute and late genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicity using Radiation Therapy Oncology Group scoring, biochemical parameters, International Prostate Symptom Score, International Index of Erectile Function 5, and EQ-5D QoL outcomes were assessed. RESULTS Between 2013 and 2023, 20 participants were enrolled with a median follow-up of 30 months. The median D95 dose to DIL was 47.43 Gy. Cumulative acute grade 2+ genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicity were 25% and 30%, respectively. One patient developed acute grade 3 genitourinary toxicity (5%). There is no late grade 3 genitourinary or gastrointestinal toxicity to date. International Prostate Symptom Score and urinary QoL scores recovered to baseline by 6 months. Patient-reported outcomes showed no significant change in EQ-5D QoL scores at 12 weeks and 1 year. There are no cases of biochemical relapse reported to date. CONCLUSIONS CyberKnife SBRT-delivered dose of 36.25 Gy to the prostate with a simultaneous integrated boost up to 47.5 Gy is well tolerated. Acute and late genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicity rates are comparable to other contemporary SBRT trials and series with focal boost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binnaz Yasar
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Yae-Eun Suh
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ewan Chapman
- St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Daniel Henderson
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Jones
- Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty Morrison
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Wells
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Carole Meehan
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aslam Sohaib
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Taylor
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Tree
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas van As
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
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Slevin F, Zattoni F, Checcucci E, Cumberbatch MGK, Nacchia A, Cornford P, Briers E, De Meerleer G, De Santis M, Eberli D, Gandaglia G, Gillessen S, Grivas N, Liew M, Linares Espinós EE, Oldenburg J, Oprea-Lager DE, Ploussard G, Rouvière O, Schoots IG, Smith EJ, Stranne J, Tilki D, Smith CT, Van Den Bergh RCN, Van Oort IM, Wiegel T, Yuan CY, Van den Broeck T, Henry AM. A Systematic Review of the Efficacy and Toxicity of Brachytherapy Boost Combined with External Beam Radiotherapy for Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol Oncol 2024; 7:677-696. [PMID: 38151440 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2023.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The optimum use of brachytherapy (BT) combined with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for localised/locally advanced prostate cancer (PCa) remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review to determine the benefits and harms of EBRT-BT. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and EBM Reviews-Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were systematically searched for studies published between January 1, 2000 and June 7, 2022, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. Eligible studies compared low- or high-dose-rate EBRT-BT against EBRT ± androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and/or radical prostatectomy (RP) ± postoperative radiotherapy (RP ± EBRT). The main outcomes were biochemical progression-free survival (bPFS), severe late genitourinary (GU)/gastrointestinal toxicity, metastasis-free survival (MFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS), at/beyond 5 yr. Risk of bias was assessed and confounding assessment was performed. A meta-analysis was performed for randomised controlled trials (RCTs). EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Seventy-three studies were included (two RCTs, seven prospective studies, and 64 retrospective studies). Most studies included participants with intermediate-or high-risk PCa. Most studies, including both RCTs, used ADT with EBRT-BT. Generally, EBRT-BT was associated with improved bPFS compared with EBRT, but similar MFS, CSS, and OS. A meta-analysis of the two RCTs showed superior bPFS with EBRT-BT (estimated fixed-effect hazard ratio [HR] 0.54 [95% confidence interval {CI} 0.40-0.72], p < 0.001), with absolute improvements in bPFS at 5-6 yr of 4.9-16%. However, no difference was seen for MFS (HR 0.84 [95% CI 0.53-1.28], p = 0.4) or OS (HR 0.87 [95% CI 0.63-1.19], p = 0.4). Fewer studies examined RP ± EBRT. There is an increased risk of severe late GU toxicity, especially with low-dose-rate EBRT-BT, with some evidence of increased prevalence of severe GU toxicity at 5-6 yr of 6.4-7% across the two RCTs. CONCLUSIONS EBRT-BT can be considered for unfavourable intermediate/high-risk localised/locally advanced PCa in patients with good urinary function, although the strength of this recommendation based on the European Association of Urology guideline methodology is weak given that it is based on improvements in biochemical control. PATIENT SUMMARY We found good evidence that radiotherapy combined with brachytherapy keeps prostate cancer controlled for longer, but it could lead to worse urinary side effects than radiotherapy without brachytherapy, and its impact on cancer spread and patient survival is less clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finbar Slevin
- University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.
| | - Fabio Zattoni
- Department Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Urologic Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Enrico Checcucci
- Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Philip Cornford
- Department of Urology, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Gert De Meerleer
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria De Santis
- Department of Urology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Eberli
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Silke Gillessen
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, EOC, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaos Grivas
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew Liew
- Department of Urology, Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust, Wigan, UK
| | | | - Jan Oldenburg
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniela E Oprea-Lager
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Olivier Rouvière
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Department of Urinary and Vascular Imaging, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France
| | - Ivo G Schoots
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emma Jane Smith
- European Association of Urology Guidelines Office, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Stranne
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Urology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Derya Tilki
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Urology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Urology, Koc University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Catrin Tudur Smith
- Department of Health Data Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Inge M Van Oort
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Cathy Y Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Health Science Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ann M Henry
- University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
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Patel KR, van der Heide UA, Kerkmeijer LGW, Schoots IG, Turkbey B, Citrin DE, Hall WA. Target Volume Optimization for Localized Prostate Cancer. Pract Radiat Oncol 2024:S1879-8500(24)00148-6. [PMID: 39019208 DOI: 10.1016/j.prro.2024.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide a comprehensive review of the means by which to optimize target volume definition for the purposes of treatment planning for patients with intact prostate cancer with a specific emphasis on focal boost volume definition. METHODS Here we conduct a narrative review of the available literature summarizing the current state of knowledge on optimizing target volume definition for the treatment of localized prostate cancer. RESULTS Historically, the treatment of prostate cancer included a uniform prescription dose administered to the entire prostate with or without coverage of all or part of the seminal vesicles. The development of prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) using prostate-specific radiotracers has ushered in an era in which radiation oncologists are able to localize and focally dose-escalate high-risk volumes in the prostate gland. Recent phase 3 data has demonstrated that incorporating focal dose escalation to high-risk subvolumes of the prostate improves biochemical control without significantly increasing toxicity. Still, several fundamental questions remain regarding the optimal target volume definition and prescription strategy to implement this technique. Given the remaining uncertainty, a knowledge of the pathological correlates of radiographic findings and the anatomic patterns of tumor spread may help inform clinical judgement for the definition of clinical target volumes. CONCLUSION Advanced imaging has the ability to improve outcomes for patients with prostate cancer in multiple ways, including by enabling focal dose escalation to high-risk subvolumes. However, many questions remain regarding the optimal target volume definition and prescription strategy to implement this practice, and key knowledge gaps remain. A detailed understanding of the pathological correlates of radiographic findings and the patterns of local tumor spread may help inform clinical judgement for target volume definition given the current state of uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnan R Patel
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Uulke A van der Heide
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI-AVL), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda G W Kerkmeijer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo G Schoots
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI-AVL), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Baris Turkbey
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Deborah E Citrin
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William A Hall
- Froedtert and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Arcangeli S, Chissotti C, Ferrario F, Lucchini R, Belmonte M, Purrello G, Colciago RR, De Ponti E, Faccenda V, Panizza D. Ablative Radiation Therapy for Unfavorable Prostate Tumors (ABRUPT): Preliminary Analysis of Toxicity and Quality of Life from a Prospective Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024:S0360-3016(24)02539-2. [PMID: 38971384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess late gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) side effects in patients with organ-confined unfavorable prostate cancer (PCa) treated with single-dose ablative radiation therapy (SDRT). METHODS AND MATERIALS Thirty patients enrolled in a single-arm prospective trial received 24 Gy SDRT to the whole prostate with urethra-sparing and organ motion control delivered on a Linac platform with a 10 MV flattening filter-free single partial arc. Androgen deprivation therapy was prescribed as per standard of care. Treatment-related acute and late GU and GI toxicities (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events_v5 scale) and quality of life (QoL) outcomes (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer [EORTC] QLQ-PR25/C30, International Prostate Symptom Score [IPSS]) were assessed at different time points. Minimal important difference (MID) was established as a change of >0.5 pooled standard deviations from baseline. Statistical analysis included analysis of variance and logistic regression. RESULTS Median follow-up was 18 months (range, 6-31 months), with no ≥G3 late side effects observed. G2 late GI and G2 late GU toxicities occurred in 1 and 2 patients, respectively. GI toxicity of any grade correlated with maximum rectal dose (P = .021). Lower baseline QoL score (P = .025), higher baseline IPSS score (P = .049), acute GU toxicity (P = .029), and acute urinary domain MID (P = .045) predicted GU toxicity of any grade. In multivariate analysis (MVA), only baseline QoL score (odds ratio [OR], 0.95, P = .031) and acute GU toxicity (OR, 8.4, P = .041) remained significant. Significant QoL change was observed only in the urinary domain (P = .005), with a median increase from 8 to 17. Late urinary MID correlated with acute urinary MID (P = .003), acute QoL MID (P = .029), acute GU toxicity (P = .030), and lower baseline urinary score (P = .033). In MVA, only acute urinary MID predicted late urinary MID (OR, 9.7, P = .035). CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide promising data on the feasibility and safety of 24 Gy whole-gland SDRT with urethra-sparing and organ motion control, in association with androgen deprivation therapy and an adequate prophylactic medication, in organ-confined unfavorable PCa. Long-term follow-up is needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Arcangeli
- Radiation Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy; School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Chissotti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Ferrario
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Lucchini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Belmonte
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Purrello
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Elena De Ponti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Medical Physics Department, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Valeria Faccenda
- Medical Physics Department, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy.
| | - Denis Panizza
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Medical Physics Department, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
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Icht O, Schlosser S, Weinstock-Sabbah M, Rephael M, Bragilovski D, Moore A, Shochat T, Limon D, Fredman E. The role of a radiopaque peri-rectal hydrogel spacer in aiding accurate daily image-guidance for prostate stereotactic radiotherapy. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1386058. [PMID: 38957327 PMCID: PMC11217322 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1386058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Precise patient positioning with image guidance (IGRT) is essential for safe prostate radiotherapy. We present the first report of utilizing a CT-visible hydrogel spacer, used to decrease rectal radiation dose, as a surrogate fiducial marker to aid in daily IGRT with cone-beam CT (CBCT) in stereotactic radiotherapy (SABR) for prostate cancer. Materials and methods Prior to CT simulation, patients underwent placement of three intraprostatic gold fiducial markers and radiopaque hydrogel spacer per standard practice. At treatment, after initial setup, a CBCT was acquired and fused to the planning CT based on 3-dimensional matching of the spacer. A second alignment was then performed based on the fiducial markers. The six directional shifts (three linear and three rotational) were recorded, and the differences compared. Results 140 individual fractions across 41 consecutive patients were evaluated. Mean/median differences between hydrogel spacer-based and fiducial-based alignment in linear (vertical, longitudinal, lateral) and rotational (rotation, pitch, roll) shifts were 0.9/0.6mm, 0.8/0.5mm, and 0.6/0.4mm, and 0.38/0, 0.62/0, and 0.35/0 degrees, respectively. No difference was observed in 9.9%, 22.9%, and 22.14% of linear shifts, and 65.7%, 65%, and 66.4% rotational shifts, respectively. Significantly smaller differences were observed in the latter 70 fractions vs. the former, and results were consistent across evaluators. Conclusions For precise daily IGRT with CBCT for prostate SABR, alignment using a radiopaque hydrogel spacer was highly comparable to intraprostatic fiducial markers. This represents the first report supporting an additional indication of IGRT for a CT-visible hydrogel spacer, to further enhance treatment accuracy and potentially obviate the need for the additional fiducial marker procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oded Icht
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikvah, Israel
- School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Shir Schlosser
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikvah, Israel
- School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Miriam Weinstock-Sabbah
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikvah, Israel
| | - Mor Rephael
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikvah, Israel
| | - Dimitri Bragilovski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikvah, Israel
| | - Assaf Moore
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikvah, Israel
- School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Tzippora Shochat
- Department of Biostatistics, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikvah, Israel
| | - Dror Limon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikvah, Israel
- School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Elisha Fredman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikvah, Israel
- School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Corrao G, Marvaso G, Mastroleo F, Biffi A, Pellegrini G, Minari S, Vincini MG, Zaffaroni M, Zerini D, Volpe S, Gaito S, Mazzola GC, Bergamaschi L, Cattani F, Petralia G, Musi G, Ceci F, De Cobelli O, Orecchia R, Alterio D, Jereczek-Fossa BA. Photon vs proton hypofractionation in prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Radiother Oncol 2024; 195:110264. [PMID: 38561122 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2024.110264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-level evidence on hypofractionated proton therapy (PT) for localized and locally advanced prostate cancer (PCa) patients is currently missing. The aim of this study is to provide a systematic literature review to compare the toxicity and effectiveness of curative radiotherapy with photon therapy (XRT) or PT in PCa. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched up to April 2022. Men with a diagnosis of PCa who underwent curative hypofractionated RT treatment (PT or XRT) were included. Risk of grade (G) ≥ 2 acute and late genitourinary (GU) OR gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity were the primary outcomes of interest. Secondary outcomes were five-year biochemical relapse-free survival (b-RFS), clinical relapse-free, distant metastasis-free, and prostate cancer-specific survival. Heterogeneity between study-specific estimates was assessed using Chi-square statistics and measured with the I2 index (heterogeneity measure across studies). RESULTS A total of 230 studies matched inclusion criteria and, due to overlapped populations, 160 were included in the present analysis. Significant lower rates of G ≥ 2 acute GI incidence (2 % vs 7 %) and improved 5-year biochemical relapse-free survival (95 % vs 91 %) were observed in the PT arm compared to XRT. PT benefits in 5-year biochemical relapse-free survival were maintained for the moderate hypofractionated arm (p-value 0.0122) and among patients in intermediate and low-risk classes (p-values < 0.0001 and 0.0368, respectively). No statistically relevant differences were found for the other considered outcomes. CONCLUSION The present study supports that PT is safe and effective for localized PCa treatment, however, more data from RCTs are needed to draw solid evidence in this setting and further effort must be made to identify the patient subgroups that could benefit the most from PT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Corrao
- Division of Radiation Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Marvaso
- Division of Radiation Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Mastroleo
- Division of Radiation Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Biffi
- National Centre of Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pellegrini
- National Centre of Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Samuele Minari
- National Centre of Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Vincini
- Division of Radiation Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | - Mattia Zaffaroni
- Division of Radiation Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | - Dario Zerini
- Division of Radiation Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Volpe
- Division of Radiation Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Gaito
- Proton Clinical Outcomes Unit, The Christie NHS Proton Beam Therapy Centre, Manchester, UK; Division of Clinical Cancer Science, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Luca Bergamaschi
- Division of Radiation Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Cattani
- Unit of Medical Physics, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Petralia
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Division of Radiology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Gennaro Musi
- Division of Urology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Ceci
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Division of Nuclear Medicine and Theranostics, IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ottavio De Cobelli
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Division of Urology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Orecchia
- Scientific Directorate, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Alterio
- Division of Radiation Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Alicja Jereczek-Fossa
- Division of Radiation Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Westley R, Casey F, Mitchell A, Alexander S, Nill S, Murray J, Ratnakumaran R, Pathmanathan A, Oelfke U, Dunlop A, Tree AC. Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) to Localised Prostate Cancer in the Era of MRI-Guided Adaptive Radiotherapy: Doses Delivered in the HERMES Trial Comparing Two- and Five-Fraction Treatments. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2073. [PMID: 38893193 PMCID: PMC11171331 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
HERMES is a phase II trial of MRI-guided daily-adaptive radiotherapy (MRIgART) randomising men with localised prostate cancer to either 2-fractions of SBRT with a boost to the tumour or 5-fraction SBRT. In the context of this highly innovative regime the dose delivered must be carefully considered. The first ten patients recruited to HERMES were analysed in order to establish the dose received by the targets and organs at risk (OARS) in the context of intrafraction motion. A regression analysis was performed to measure how the volume of air within the rectum might further impact rectal dose secondary to the electron return effect (ERE). One hundred percent of CTV target objectives were achieved on the MRI taken prior to beam-on-time. The post-delivery MRI showed that high-dose CTV coverage was achieved in 90% of sub-fractions (each fraction is delivered in two sub-fractions) in the 2-fraction cohort and in 88% of fractions the 5-fraction cohort. Rectal D1 cm3 was the most exceeded constraint; three patients exceeded the D1 cm3 < 20.8 Gy in the 2-fraction cohort and one patient exceeded the D1 cm3 < 36 Gy in the 5-fraction cohort. The volume of rectal gas within 1 cm of the prostate was directly proportional to the increase in rectal D1 cm3, with a strong (R = 0.69) and very strong (R = 0.90) correlation in the 2-fraction and 5-fraction cohort respectively. Dose delivery specified in HERMES is feasible, although for some patients delivered doses to both target and OARs may vary from those planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalyne Westley
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SM2 5PT, UK
- Radiotherapy and Imaging Division, Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Francis Casey
- Joint Department of Physics, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Adam Mitchell
- Joint Department of Physics, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Sophie Alexander
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SM2 5PT, UK
- Radiotherapy and Imaging Division, Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Simeon Nill
- Joint Department of Physics, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Julia Murray
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SM2 5PT, UK
- Radiotherapy and Imaging Division, Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Ragu Ratnakumaran
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SM2 5PT, UK
- Radiotherapy and Imaging Division, Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Angela Pathmanathan
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SM2 5PT, UK
- Radiotherapy and Imaging Division, Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Uwe Oelfke
- Joint Department of Physics, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Alex Dunlop
- Joint Department of Physics, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Alison C. Tree
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SM2 5PT, UK
- Radiotherapy and Imaging Division, Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
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8
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Wang L. Instant Oncology: FLAME. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2024; 36:271-272. [PMID: 38368228 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- L Wang
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, UK.
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9
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Zhao Y, Haworth A, Reynolds HM, Williams SG, Finnegan R, Rowshanfarzad P, Ebert MA. Towards optimal heterogeneous prostate radiotherapy dose prescriptions based on patient-specific or population-based biological features. Med Phys 2024; 51:3766-3781. [PMID: 38224317 DOI: 10.1002/mp.16936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Escalation of prescribed dose in prostate cancer (PCa) radiotherapy enables improvement in tumor control at the expense of increased toxicity. Opportunities for reduction of treatment toxicity may emerge if more efficient dose escalation can be achieved by redistributing the prescribed dose distribution according to the known heterogeneous, spatially-varying characteristics of the disease. PURPOSE To examine the potential benefits, limitations and characteristics of heterogeneous boost dose redistribution in PCa radiotherapy based on patient-specific and population-based spatial maps of tumor biological features. METHOD High-resolution prostate histology images, from a cohort of 63 patients, annotated with tumor location and grade, provided patient-specific "maps" and a population-based "atlas" of cell density and tumor probability. Dose prescriptions were derived for each patient based on a heterogeneous redistribution of the boost dose to the intraprostatic lesions, with the prescription maximizing patient tumor control probability (TCP). The impact on TCP was assessed under scenarios where the distribution of population-based biological data was ignored, partially included, or fully included in prescription generation. Heterogeneous dose prescriptions were generated for three combinations of maps and atlas, and for conventional fractionation (CF), extreme hypo-fractionation (EH), moderate hypo-fractionation (MH), and whole Pelvic RT + SBRT Boost (WPRT + SBRT). The predicted efficacy of the heterogeneous prescriptions was compared with equivalent homogeneous dose prescriptions. RESULTS TCPs for heterogeneous dose prescriptions were generally higher than those for homogeneous dose prescriptions. TCP escalation by heterogeneous dose prescription was the largest for CF. When only using population-based atlas data, the generated heterogeneous dose prescriptions of 55 to 58 patients (out of 63) had a higher TCP than for the corresponding homogeneous dose prescriptions. The TCPs of the heterogeneous dose prescriptions generated with the population-based atlas and tumor probability maps did not differ significantly from those using patient-specific biological information. The generated heterogeneous dose prescriptions achieved significantly higher TCP than homogeneous dose prescriptions in the posterior section of the prostate. CONCLUSION Heterogeneous dose prescriptions generated via biologically-optimized dose redistribution can produce higher TCP than the homogeneous dose prescriptions for the majority of the patients in the studied cohort. For scenarios where patient-specific biological information was unavailable or partially available, the generated heterogeneous dose prescriptions can still achieve TCP improvement relative to homogeneous dose prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Zhao
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Annette Haworth
- Institute of Medical Physics, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hayley M Reynolds
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Scott G Williams
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert Finnegan
- Institute of Medical Physics, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pejman Rowshanfarzad
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Martin A Ebert
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- 5D Clinics, Claremont, Western Australia, Australia
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10
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Ratnakumaran R, Mohajer J, Withey SJ, H. Brand D, Lee E, Loblaw A, Tolan S, van As N, Tree AC. Developing and validating a simple urethra surrogate model to facilitate dosimetric analysis to predict genitourinary toxicity. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2024; 46:100769. [PMID: 38586079 PMCID: PMC10998036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2024.100769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The urethra is a critical structure in prostate radiotherapy planning; however, it is impossible to visualise on CT. We developed a surrogate urethra model (SUM) for CT-only planning workflow and tested its geometric and dosimetric performance against the MRI-delineated urethra (MDU). Methods The SUM was compared against 34 different MDUs (within the treatment PTV) in patients treated with 36.25Gy (PTV)/40Gy (CTV) in 5 fractions as part of the PACE-B trial. To assess the surrogate's geometric performance, the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), Hausdorff distance (HD), mean distance to agreement (MDTA) and the percentage of MDU outside the surrogate (UOS) were calculated. To evaluate the dosimetric performance, a paired t-test was used to calculate the mean of differences between the MDU and SUM for the D99, D98, D50, D2 and D1. The D(n) is the dose (Gy) to n% of the urethra. Results The median results showed low agreement on DSC (0.32; IQR 0.21-0.41), but low distance to agreement, as would be expected for a small structure (HD 8.4mm (IQR 7.1-10.1mm), MDTA 2.4mm (IQR, 2.2mm-3.2mm)). The UOS was 30% (IQR, 18-54%), indicating nearly a third of the urethra lay outside of the surrogate. However, when comparing urethral dose between the MDU and SUM, the mean of differences for D99, D98 and D95 were 0.12Gy (p=0.57), 0.09Gy (p=0.61), and 0.11Gy (p=0.46) respectively. The mean of differences between the D50, D2 and D1 were 0.08Gy (p=0.04), 0.09Gy (p=0.02) and 0.1Gy (p=0.01) respectively, indicating good dosimetric agreement between MDU and SUM. Conclusion While there were geometric differences between the MDU and SUM, there was no clinically significant difference between urethral dose-volume parameters. This surrogate model could be validated in a larger cohort and then used to estimate the urethral dose on CT planning scans in those without an MRI planning scan or urinary catheter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragu Ratnakumaran
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Radiotherapy and Imaging Division, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | | | - Douglas H. Brand
- Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, UK
| | - Ernest Lee
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Andrew Loblaw
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shaun Tolan
- The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, Liverpool, UK
| | - Nicholas van As
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Radiotherapy and Imaging Division, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Alison C. Tree
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Radiotherapy and Imaging Division, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - on behalf of the PACE Trial Investigators
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Radiotherapy and Imaging Division, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, UK
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, Liverpool, UK
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11
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Trecarten S, Sunnapwar AG, Clarke GD, Liss MA. Prostate MRI for the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer: Update and future directions. Adv Cancer Res 2024; 161:71-118. [PMID: 39032957 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In recent decades, there has been an increasing role for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPC). The purpose of this review is to provide an update and outline future directions for the role of MRI in the detection of csPC. RECENT FINDINGS In diagnosing clinically significant prostate cancer pre-biopsy, advances include our understanding of MRI-targeted biopsy, the role of biparametric MRI (non-contrast) and changing indications, for example the role of MRI in screening for prostate cancer. Furthermore, the role of MRI in identifying csPC is maturing, with emphasis on standardization of MRI reporting in active surveillance (PRECISE), clinical staging (EPE grading, MET-RADS-P) and recurrent disease (PI-RR, PI-FAB). Future directions of prostate MRI in detecting csPC include quality improvement, artificial intelligence and radiomics, positron emission tomography (PET)/MRI and MRI-directed therapy. SUMMARY The utility of MRI in detecting csPC has been demonstrated in many clinical scenarios, initially from simply diagnosing csPC pre-biopsy, now to screening, active surveillance, clinical staging, and detection of recurrent disease. Continued efforts should be undertaken not only to emphasize the reporting of prostate MRI quality, but to standardize reporting according to the appropriate clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Trecarten
- Department of Urology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Abhijit G Sunnapwar
- Department of Radiology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Geoffrey D Clarke
- Department of Radiology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Michael A Liss
- Department of Urology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.
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12
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De Saint-Hubert M, Caprioli M, de Freitas Nascimento L, Delombaerde L, Himschoot K, Vandenbroucke D, Leblans P, Crijns W. New optically stimulated luminescence dosimetry film optimized for energy dependence guided by Monte Carlo simulations. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:075005. [PMID: 38394683 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad2ca2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) film dosimeters, based on BaFBr:Eu2+phosphor material, have major dosimetric advantages such as dose linearity, high spatial resolution, film re-usability, and immediate film readout. However, they exhibit an energy-dependent over-response at low photon energies because they are not made of tissue-equivalent materials. In this work, the OSL energy-dependent response was optimized by lowering the phosphor grain size and seeking an optimal choice of phosphor concentration and film thickness to achieve sufficient signal sensitivity. This optimization process combines measurement-based assessments of energy response in narrow x-ray beams with various energy response calculation methods applied to different film metrics. Theoretical approaches and MC dose simulations were used for homogeneous phosphor distributions and for isolated phosphor grains of different dimensions, where the dose in the phosphor grain was calculated. In total 8 OSL films were manufactured with different BaFBr:Eu2+median particle diameters (D50): 3.2μm, 1.5μm and 230 nm and different phosphor concentrations (1.6%, 5.3% and 21.3 %) and thicknesses (from 5.2 to 49μm). Films were irradiated in narrow x-ray spectra (N60, N80, N-150 and N-300) and the signal intensity relative to the nominal dose-to-water value was normalized to Co-60. Finally, we experimentally tested the response of several films in Varian 6MV TrueBeam STx linear accelerator using the following settings: 10 × 10 cm2field, 0deggantry angle, 90 cm SSD, 10 cm depth. The x-ray irradiation experiment reported a reduced energy response for the smallest grain size with an inverse correlation between response and grain size. The N-60 irradiation showed a 43% reduction in the energy over-response when going from 3μm to 230 nm grain size for the 5% phosphor concentration. Energy response calculation using a homogeneous dispersion of the phosphor underestimated the experimental response and was not able to obtain the experimental correlation between grain size and energy response. Isolated grain size modeling combined with MC dose simulations allowed to establish a good agreement with experimental data, and enabled steering the production of optimized OSL-films. The clinical 6 MV beam test confirmed a reduction in energy dependence, which is visible in small-grain films where a decrease in out-of-field over-response was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Caprioli
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Laurence Delombaerde
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
| | - Katleen Himschoot
- Corporate Innovation Office, Agfa N.V., Septestraat 27, Mortsel, B-2640, Belgium
| | - Dirk Vandenbroucke
- Corporate Innovation Office, Agfa N.V., Septestraat 27, Mortsel, B-2640, Belgium
| | - Paul Leblans
- Corporate Innovation Office, Agfa N.V., Septestraat 27, Mortsel, B-2640, Belgium
| | - Wouter Crijns
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
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13
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Marvaso G, Corrao G, Repetti I, Lorubbio C, Bellerba F, Zaffaroni M, Vincini MG, Zerini D, Alessi S, Luzzago S, Mistretta FA, Fodor C, Cambria R, Cattani F, Ceci F, Musi G, De Cobelli O, Zilli T, Gandini S, Orecchia R, Petralia G, Jereczek-Fossa BA. Extreme-hypofractionated RT with concomitant boost to the DIL in PCa: a 5-year update on oncological and patient-reported outcomes for the phase II trial "GIVE ME FIVE". World J Urol 2024; 42:169. [PMID: 38492078 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-024-04876-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM The present work reports updated oncological results and patients-reported outcomes at 5 years of phase II trial "Short-term high precision RT for early prostate cancer with SIB to the dominant intraprostatic lesion (DIL) for patients with early-stage PCa". METHODS Data from patients enrolled within AIRC IG-13218 (NCT01913717) trial were analyzed. Clinical and GU/GI toxicity assessment and PSA measurements were performed every 3 months for at least 2 years after RT end. QoL of enrolled patients was assessed by IPSS, EORTC QLQ-C30, EORTC QLQ-PR25, and IIEF-5. Patients' score changes were calculated at the end of RT and at 1, 12, and 60 months after RT. RESULTS A total of 65 patients were included. At a median follow-up of 5 years, OS resulted 86%. Biochemical and clinical progression-free survival at 5 years were 95%. The median PSA at baseline was 6.07 ng/ml, while at last follow-up resulted 0.25 ng/ml. IPSS showed a statistically significant variation in urinary function from baseline (p = 0.002), with the most relevant deterioration 1 month after RT, with a recovery toward baseline at 12 months (p ≤ 0.0001). A numerical improvement in QoL according to the EORTC QLQ-C30 has been reported although not statistically significant. No change in sexual activity was recorded after RT. CONCLUSIONS The study confirms that extreme hypofractionation with a DIL boost is safe and effective, with no severe effects on the QoL. The increasing dose to the DIL does not worsen the RT toxicity, thus opening the possibility of an even more escalated treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Marvaso
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Corrao
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Repetti
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Lorubbio
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Bellerba
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Zaffaroni
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | - Maria Giulia Vincini
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Zerini
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Sarah Alessi
- Division of Radiology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Luzzago
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Division of Urology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Alessandro Mistretta
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Division of Urology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristiana Fodor
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Cambria
- Medical Physics Unit, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Cattani
- Medical Physics Unit, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Ceci
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Gennaro Musi
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Division of Urology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ottavio De Cobelli
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Division of Urology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Thomas Zilli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sara Gandini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Orecchia
- Scientific Directorate, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Petralia
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Division of Radiology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Alicja Jereczek-Fossa
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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14
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Dhar A, Cendejas-Gomez JDJ, Castro Mendez L, Boldt G, McArthur E, Zamboglou C, Bauman G. Using multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography to detect and delineate the gross tumour volume of intraprostatic lesions - A systematic review and meta-analysis. Radiother Oncol 2024; 192:110070. [PMID: 38262815 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.110070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Radiation therapy is used frequently for patients with prostate cancer. Dose escalation to intraprostatic lesions (IPLs) has been shown to improve oncologic outcomes, without increasing toxicity. Both multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and PSMA PET can be used to identify IPLs. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review was conducted to determine the ability of mpMRI, PSMA PET and their combination to detect IPLs prior to radical prostatectomy (RP) as correlated with the histology. Trials included patients that had mpMRI, PSMA PET, or both, prior to RP. The quality of the histopathological-radiological co-registration was assessed as high or low for each study. Recorded outcomes include sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). A meta-analysis was conducted using a bivariate model to determine the pooled sensitivity and specificity for each imaging modality. This systematic review was registered through PROSPERO (CRD42023389092). RESULTS Altogether, 42 studies were included in the systematic review. Of these, 20 could be included in the meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity (95 % CI), specificity (95 % CI) and AUROC for mpMRI (n = 13 studies) were 64.7 % (50.2 % - 76.9 %), 86.4 % (79.7 % - 91.1 %), and 0.852; the pooled outcomes for PSMA PET (n = 12) were 75.7 % (64.0 % - 84.5 %), 87.1 % (80.2 % - 91.9 %), and 0.889; for their combination (n = 5), the pooled outcomes were 70.3 % (64.1 % - 75.9 %), 81.9 % (71.9 % - 88.8 %), and 0.796. When reviewing studies with a high-quality histopathological-radiological co-registration, IPL delineation recommendations varied by study and the imaging modality used. CONCLUSION All of mpMRI, PSMA PET or their combination were found to have very good diagnostic outcomes for detecting IPLs. Recommendations for delineating IPLs varied based on the imaging modalities used and between research groups. Consensus guidelines for IPL delineation would help with creating consistency for focal boost radiation treatments in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh Dhar
- London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Gabriel Boldt
- London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric McArthur
- London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Constantinos Zamboglou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; German Oncology Center, European University Cyprus, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Glenn Bauman
- London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, Canada.
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15
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Gomez-Iturriaga A, Büchser D, Lopez-Campos F, Maldonado X. Enhancing Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) integration in prostate cancer: Insights for Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) and brachytherapy modalities. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2024; 45:100733. [PMID: 38322544 PMCID: PMC10844661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2024.100733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The utilization of Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) in conjunction with Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) and Brachytherapy (BT) boost in prostate cancer treatment is a subject of ongoing debate and evolving clinical practice. While contemporary trends lean towards underutilizing ADT with these modalities, existing evidence suggests that its omission may lead to potentially inferior oncologic outcomes. Recommendations for ADT use should be patient-centric, considering individual risk profiles and comorbidities, with a focus on achieving optimal oncologic outcomes while minimizing potential side effects. Ongoing clinical trials, such as PACE-C, SPA, SHIP 0804, and SHIP 36B, are anticipated to provide valuable insights into the optimal use and duration of ADT in both SBRT and BT settings. Until new evidence emerges, it is recommended to initiate ADT for unfavorable intermediate-risk and high-risk prostate cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy, with a minimum duration of 6 months for unfavorable intermediate-risk patients and at least 12 months for those with high-risk characteristics. The decision to incorporate ADT into these radiation therapy modalities should be individualized, acknowledging the unique needs of each patient and emphasizing a tailored approach to achieve the best possible oncologic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Gomez-Iturriaga
- Hospital Universitario Cruces/ Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Radiation Oncology, Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Surgery and Radiology and Physical Medicine, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain
| | - D. Büchser
- Hospital Universitario Cruces/ Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Radiation Oncology, Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Surgery and Radiology and Physical Medicine, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain
| | - F. Lopez-Campos
- Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Radiation Oncology, Madrid, Spain
| | - X. Maldonado
- Hospital Vall d́Hebron, Radiation Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Deodato F, Ferro M, Bonome P, Pezzulla D, Romano C, Buwenge M, Cilla S, Morganti AG, Macchia G. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SIB-VMAT technique) to dominant intraprostatic lesion (DIL) for localized prostate cancer: a dose-escalation trial (DESTROY-4). Strahlenther Onkol 2024; 200:239-249. [PMID: 38180492 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-023-02189-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE DESTROY-4 (DOSE-ESCALATION STUDY OF STEREOTACTIC BODY RADIATION THERAPY) was a Phase I trial aimed to evaluate the safety and the feasibility of escalating doses of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) on MRI-defined Dominant Intraprostatic Lesion (DIL) in low- and intermediate-risk pCa patients using a simultaneous integrated boost-volumetric arc therapy (SIB-VMAT) technique. METHODS Eligible patients included those with low- and intermediate-risk prostate carcinoma (NCCN risk classes) and an International Prostatic Symptoms Score (IPSS) ≤ 15. No restriction about DIL and prostate volumes was set. Pretreatment preparation required an enema and the placement of intraprostatic gold fiducials. SBRT was delivered in five consecutive daily fractions. For the first three patients, the DIL radiation dose was set at 8 Gy per fraction up to a total dose of 40 Gy (PTV1) and was gradually increased in succeeding cohorts to total doses of 42.5 Gy, 45.0 Gy, 47.5 Gy, and finally, 50.0 Gy, while keeping the prescription of 35 Gy/7 Gy per fraction for the entire prostate gland. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was defined as grade 3 or worse gastrointestinal (GI) or genitourinary (GU) toxicity occurring within 90 days of follow-up (Common Terminology Criteria of Adverse Events scale 4.0). Patients completed quality-of-life questionnaires at defined intervals. RESULTS Twenty-four patients with a median age of 75 (range, 58-89) years were enrolled. The median follow-up was 26.3 months (8.9-84 months). 66.7% of patients were classified as intermediate-risk groups, while the others were low-risk groups, according to the NCCN guidelines. Enrolled patients were treated as follows: 8 patients (40 Gy), 5 patients (42.5 Gy), 4 patients (45 Gy), 4 patients (47.5 Gy), and 3 patients (50 Gy). No severe acute toxicities were observed. G1 and G2 acute GU toxicities occurred in 4 (16%) and 3 patients (12.5%), respectively. Two patients (8.3%) and 3 patients (12.5%) experienced G1 and G2 GI toxicities, respectively. Since no DLTs were observed, 50 Gy in five fractions was considered the MTD. The median nadir PSA was 0.20 ng/mL. A slight improvement in QoL values was registered after the treatment. CONCLUSION This trial confirms the feasibility and safety of a total SIB-VMAT dose of 35 Gy on the whole gland and 50 Gy on DIL in 5 fractions daily administered in a well-selected low- and intermediate-risk prostate carcinoma population. A phase II study is ongoing to confirm the tolerability of the schedule and assess the efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Deodato
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Responsible Research Hospital, Campobasso, Italy
- Istituto di Radiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Milena Ferro
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Responsible Research Hospital, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Paolo Bonome
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Responsible Research Hospital, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Donato Pezzulla
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Responsible Research Hospital, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Carmela Romano
- Medical Physics Unit, Responsible Research Hospital, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Milly Buwenge
- Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Savino Cilla
- Medical Physics Unit, Responsible Research Hospital, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Alessio Giuseppe Morganti
- Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine - DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriella Macchia
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Responsible Research Hospital, Campobasso, Italy
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Ma TM, Ladbury C, Tran M, Keiper TD, Andraos T, Gogineni E, Mohideen N, Siva S, Loblaw A, Tree AC, Cheung P, Kresl J, Collins S, Cao M, Kishan AU. Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy: A Radiosurgery Society Guide to the Treatment of Localized Prostate Cancer Illustrated by Challenging Cases. Pract Radiat Oncol 2024; 14:e117-e131. [PMID: 37661040 DOI: 10.1016/j.prro.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for localized prostate cancer (PCa) involved lengthy courses with low daily doses. However, advancements in radiation delivery and a better understanding of prostate radiobiology have enabled the development of shorter courses of EBRT. Ultrahypofractionated radiotherapy, administering doses greater than 5 Gy per fraction, is now considered a standard of care regimen for localized PCa, particularly for intermediate-risk disease. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), a specific type of ultrahypofractionated radiotherapy employing advanced planning, imaging, and treatment technology to deliver in five or fewer fractions, is gaining prominence as a cost-effective, convenient, and safe alternative to longer radiotherapy courses. It is crucial to address practical considerations related to patient selection, fractionation scheme, target delineation, and planning objectives. This is especially important in challenging clinical situations where clear evidence for guidance may be lacking. The Radiosurgery Society endorses this case-based guide with the aim of providing a practical framework for delivering SBRT to the intact prostate, exemplified by two case studies. The article will explore common SBRT dose/fractionation schemes and dose constraints for organs-at-risk. Additionally, it will review existing evidence and expert opinions on topics such as SBRT dose escalation, the use of rectal spacers, the role of androgen deprivation therapy in the context of SBRT, SBRT in special patient populations (e.g., high-risk disease, large prostate, high baseline urinary symptom burdens, and inflammatory bowel disease), as well as new imaging-guidance techniques like Magnetic Resonance Imaging for SBRT delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Martin Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Colton Ladbury
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Maxwell Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Timothy D Keiper
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Therese Andraos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Emile Gogineni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Najeeb Mohideen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwest Community Hospital, Arlington Heights, Illinois
| | - Shankar Siva
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Loblaw
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison C Tree
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Cheung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Kresl
- Phoenix CyberKnife and Radiation Oncology Center, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Sean Collins
- Department of Radiation Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, D.C
| | - Minsong Cao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Amar U Kishan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Urology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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Westley RL, Biscombe K, Dunlop A, Mitchell A, Oelfke U, Nill S, Murray J, Pathmanathan A, Hafeez S, Parker C, Ratnakumaran R, Alexander S, Herbert T, Hall E, Tree AC. Interim Toxicity Analysis From the Randomized HERMES Trial of 2- and 5-Fraction Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Adaptive Prostate Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 118:682-687. [PMID: 37776979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ultrahypofractionated radiation therapy (UHRT) is an effective treatment for localized prostate cancer with an acceptable toxicity profile; boosting the visible intraprostatic tumor has been shown to improve biochemical disease-free survival with no significant effect on genitourinary (GU) and gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity. METHODS AND MATERIALS HERMES is a single-center noncomparative randomized phase 2 trial in men with intermediate or lower high risk prostate cancer. Patients were allocated (1:1) to 36.25 Gy in 5 fractions over 2 weeks or 24 Gy in 2 fractions over 8 days with an integrated boost to the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) visible tumor of 27 Gy in 2 fractions. A minimization algorithm with a random element with risk group as a balancing factor was used for participant randomization. Treatment was delivered on the Unity MR-Linac (Elekta AB) with daily online adaption. The primary endpoint was acute GU Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0 toxicity with the aim of excluding a doubling of the rate of acute grade 2+ GU toxicity seen in PACE. Analysis was by treatment received and included all participants who received at least 1 fraction of study treatment. This interim analysis was prespecified (stage 1 of a 2-stage Simon design) for when 10 participants in each treatment group had completed the acute toxicity monitoring period (12 weeks after radiation therapy). RESULTS Acute grade 2 GU toxicity was reported in 1 (10%) patient in the 5-fraction group and 2 (20%) patients in the 2-fraction group. No grade 3+ GU toxicities were reported. CONCLUSIONS At this interim analysis, the rate of GU toxicity in the 2-fraction and 5-fraction treatment groups was found to be below the prespecified threshold (5/10 grade 2+) and continuation of the study to complete recruitment of 23 participants per group was recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalyne Laura Westley
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Alex Dunlop
- Joint Department of Physics, Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Mitchell
- Joint Department of Physics, Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Uwe Oelfke
- Joint Department of Physics, Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simeon Nill
- Joint Department of Physics, Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Murray
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Pathmanathan
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shaista Hafeez
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Parker
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ragu Ratnakumaran
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Alexander
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Trina Herbert
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Hall
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alison C Tree
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
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19
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Camden N, Blumenfeld P, Roy S, Chowdhary M, King K, Shors S, Braun R, White G, Turian J, Wang D. Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging- Guided Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer: A Prospective Phase 2 Trial. Pract Radiat Oncol 2024; 14:e132-e140. [PMID: 37923137 DOI: 10.1016/j.prro.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This trial's purpose was to determine the late toxicity associated with dose escalation to Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) III-V lesions on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with an image guided combined IMRT-stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) approach in men with localized prostate cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS In this phase 2 trial patients with localized prostate cancer with clinical tumor stage T1-T3bN0 and at least one PIRADS III-V lesion were recruited to receive 45 Gy in 25 fractions to the prostate and seminal vesicles followed by a boost of 18 Gy in 3 fractions to the prostate with a simultaneous integrated boost 21 Gy in 3 fractions to the PI-RADS lesion(s). The primary endpoint was the cumulative incidence of late grade ≥3 genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicity by 18 months (National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0). RESULTS Overall, 50 patients were enrolled in this study, and 43 patients completed at least 18 months of follow-up. The cumulative incidence of grade 1, 2, and 3 late genitourinary toxicity at 18 months was 18%, 53%, and 2%. One patient was noted to have grade 3 hematuria and needed cystoscopy-guided cauterization. No acute grade 3 gastrointestinal or genitourinary toxicities were observed. The cumulative incidence of grade 1, 2, and 3 late gastrointestinal toxicity at 18 months was 31%, 4%, and 0%, respectively. At a median follow-up of 43.5 months, 3 patients developed biochemical recurrence, each with distant bone metastases without local or nodal recurrence. At 3 years, freedom from biochemical failure rate was 95.3% (95% CI, 89.2%-100%). CONCLUSIONS Multiparametric MRI-guided dose escalation to PI-RADS III-V lesions using a combined image guided IMRT-SBRT approach is associated with an acceptable risk of late gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicity. The results should be interpreted with caution considering their single institutional nature, small sample size, and short follow-up and should be validated in a larger study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Camden
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Philip Blumenfeld
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Soumyajit Roy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mudit Chowdhary
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lifespan Cancer Institute at Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Kevin King
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Stephanie Shors
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ryan Braun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lifespan Cancer Institute at Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Greg White
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lifespan Cancer Institute at Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Julius Turian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dian Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
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Fink CA, Buchele C, Baumann L, Liermann J, Hoegen P, Ristau J, Regnery S, Sandrini E, König L, Rippke C, Bonekamp D, Schlemmer HP, Debus J, Koerber SA, Klüter S, Hörner-Rieber J. Dosimetric benefit of online treatment plan adaptation in stereotactic ultrahypofractionated MR-guided radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1308406. [PMID: 38425342 PMCID: PMC10902126 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1308406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Apart from superior soft tissue contrast, MR-guided stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) offers the chance for daily online plan adaptation. This study reports on the comparison of dose parameters before and after online plan adaptation in MR-guided SBRT of localized prostate cancer. Materials and methods 32 consecutive patients treated with ultrahypofractionated SBRT for localized prostate cancer within the prospective SMILE trial underwent a planning process for MR-guided radiotherapy with 37.5 Gy applied in 5 fractions. A base plan, derived from MRI simulation at an MRIdian Linac, was registered to daily MRI scans (predicted plan). Following target and OAR recontouring, the plan was reoptimized based on the daily anatomy (adapted plan). CTV and PTV coverage and doses at OAR were compared between predicted and adapted plans using linear mixed regression models. Results In 152 out of 160 fractions (95%), an adapted radiation plan was delivered. Mean CTV and PTV coverage increased by 1.4% and 4.5% after adaptation. 18% vs. 95% of the plans had a PTV coverage ≥95% before and after online adaptation, respectively. 78% vs. 100% of the plans had a CTV coverage ≥98% before and after online adaptation, respectively. The D0.2cc for both bladder and rectum were <38.5 Gy in 93% vs. 100% before and after online adaptation. The constraint at the urethra with a dose of <37.5 Gy was achieved in 59% vs. 93% before and after online adaptation. Conclusion Online adaptive plan adaptation improves target volume coverage and reduces doses to OAR in MR-guided SBRT of localized prostate cancer. Online plan adaptation could potentially further reduce acute and long-term side effects and improve local failure rates in MR-guided SBRT of localized prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph A. Fink
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolin Buchele
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lukas Baumann
- Institute of Medical Biometry (IMBI), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jakob Liermann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Hoegen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonas Ristau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Regnery
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisabetta Sandrini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laila König
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolin Rippke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Bonekamp
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Side Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Juergen Debus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Side Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan A. Koerber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Barmherzige Brueder Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Klüter
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juliane Hörner-Rieber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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McGee KP, Cao M, Das IJ, Yu V, Witte RJ, Kishan AU, Valle LF, Wiesinger F, De-Colle C, Cao Y, Breen WG, Traughber BJ. The Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Radiation Therapy Treatment Simulation and Planning. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024. [PMID: 38265188 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ever since its introduction as a diagnostic imaging tool the potential of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in radiation therapy (RT) treatment simulation and planning has been recognized. Recent technical advances have addressed many of the impediments to use of this technology and as a result have resulted in rapid and growing adoption of MRI in RT. The purpose of this article is to provide a broad review of the multiple uses of MR in the RT treatment simulation and planning process, identify several of the most used clinical scenarios in which MR is integral to the simulation and planning process, highlight existing limitations and provide multiple unmet needs thereby highlighting opportunities for the diagnostic MR imaging community to contribute and collaborate with our oncology colleagues. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 5 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiaran P McGee
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic & Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Minsong Cao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Indra J Das
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Victoria Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert J Witte
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic & Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Amar U Kishan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Luca F Valle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Chiara De-Colle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yue Cao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - William G Breen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic & Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bryan J Traughber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic & Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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22
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Dornisch AM, Zhong AY, Poon DMC, Tree AC, Seibert TM. Focal radiotherapy boost to MR-visible tumor for prostate cancer: a systematic review. World J Urol 2024; 42:56. [PMID: 38244059 PMCID: PMC10799816 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-023-04745-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The FLAME trial provides strong evidence that MR-guided external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) focal boost for localized prostate cancer increases biochemical disease-free survival (bDFS) without increasing toxicity. Yet, there are many barriers to implementation of focal boost. Our objectives are to systemically review clinical outcomes for MR-guided EBRT focal boost and to consider approaches to increase implementation of this technique. METHODS We conducted literature searches in four databases according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guideline. We included prospective phase II/III trials of patients with localized prostate cancer underdoing definitive EBRT with MR-guided focal boost. The outcomes of interest were bDFS and acute/late gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicity. RESULTS Seven studies were included. All studies had a median follow-up of greater than 4 years. There were heterogeneities in fractionation, treatment planning, and delivery. Studies demonstrated effectiveness, feasibility, and tolerability of focal boost. Based on the Phoenix criteria for biochemical recurrence, the reported 5-year biochemical recurrence-free survival rates ranged 69.7-100% across included studies. All studies reported good safety profiles. The reported ranges of acute/late grade 3 + gastrointestinal toxicities were 0%/1-10%. The reported ranges of acute/late grade 3 + genitourinary toxicities were 0-13%/0-5.6%. CONCLUSIONS There is strong evidence that it is possible to improve oncologic outcomes without substantially increasing toxicity through MR-guided focal boost, at least in the setting of a 35-fraction radiotherapy regimen. Barriers to clinical practice implementation are addressable through additional investigation and new technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Dornisch
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Allison Y Zhong
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Darren M C Poon
- Comprehensive Oncology Centre, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Happy Valley, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Alison C Tree
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Tyler M Seibert
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiology, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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23
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Lilleby W, Kishan A, Geinitz H. Acute and long-term toxicity in primary hypofractionated external photon radiation therapy in patients with localized prostate cancer. World J Urol 2024; 42:41. [PMID: 38244053 PMCID: PMC10799812 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-023-04714-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compelling evidence exists for the iso-effectiveness and safety of moderate hypofractionated radiotherapy (Hypo-RT) schedules [1, 2]. However, international guidelines are not congruent regarding recommendation of ultrahypofractionated radiotherapy (UHF-RT) to all risk groups. METHODS The current review gives an overview of clinically relevant toxicity extracted from major randomized controlled trials (RCT) trials comparing conventional to hypofractionated regimes in the primary setting of external photon radiation. Functional impairments are reported by using physician-rated and patient-reported scores using validated questionnaires. RESULTS The uncertain radiobiology of the urethra/bladder when applying extreme hypofractionation may have contributed to worse acute urinary toxicity score in the Scandinavian UHF-RT and worse subacute toxicity in PACE-B. The observed trend of increased acute GI toxicity in several moderate Hypo-RT trials and one UHF-RT trial, the Scandinavian Hypo-RT PC trial, could be associated to the different planning margins and radiation dose schedules. CONCLUSION Nevertheless, Hypo-RT has gained ground for patients with localized PCa and further improvements may be achieved by inclusion of genetically assessed radiation sensitivity. Several RCTs in Hypo-RT have shown non-inferior outcome and well-tolerated treatment toxicity by physician-rated scores. In the future, we suggest that toxicity should be measured by patient-reported outcome (PRO) using comparable questionnaires.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amar Kishan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hans Geinitz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital of the Barmherzigen Schwestern, Ordensklinikum, Linz, Austria
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Snyder J, Smith B, Aubin JS, Shepard A, Hyer D. Simulating an intra-fraction adaptive workflow to enable PTV margin reduction in MRIgART volumetric modulated arc therapy for prostate SBRT. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1325105. [PMID: 38260830 PMCID: PMC10800949 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1325105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study simulates a novel prostate SBRT intra-fraction re-optimization workflow in MRIgART to account for prostate intra-fraction motion and evaluates the dosimetric benefit of reducing PTV margins. Materials and methods VMAT prostate SBRT treatment plans were created for 10 patients using two different PTV margins, one with a 5 mm margin except 3 mm posteriorly (standard) and another using uniform 2 mm margins (reduced). All plans were prescribed to 36.25 Gy in 5 fractions and adapted onto each daily MRI dataset. An intra-fraction adaptive workflow was simulated for the reduced margin group by synchronizing the radiation delivery with target position from cine MRI imaging. Intra-fraction delivered dose was reconstructed and prostate DVH metrics were evaluated under three conditions for the reduced margin plans: Without motion compensation (no-adapt), with a single adapt prior to treatment (ATP), and lastly for intra-fraction re-optimization during delivery (intra). Bladder and rectum DVH metrics were compared between the standard and reduced margin plans. Results As expected, rectum V18 Gy was reduced by 4.4 ± 3.9%, D1cc was reduced by 12.2 ± 6.8% (3.4 ± 2.3 Gy), while bladder reductions were 7.8 ± 5.6% for V18 Gy, and 9.6 ± 7.3% (3.4 ± 2.5 Gy) for D1cc for the reduced margin reference plans compared to the standard PTV margin. For the intrafraction replanning approach, average intra-fraction optimization times were 40.0 ± 2.9 seconds, less than the time to deliver one of the four VMAT arcs (104.4 ± 9.3 seconds) used for treatment delivery. When accounting for intra-fraction motion, prostate V36.25 Gy was on average 96.5 ± 4.0%, 99.1 ± 1.3%, and 99.6 ± 0.4 for the non-adapt, ATP, and intra-adapt groups, respectively. The minimum dose received by the prostate was less than 95% of the prescription dose in 84%, 36%, and 10% of fractions, for the non-adapt, ATP, and intra-adapt groups, respectively. Conclusions Intra-fraction re-optimization improves prostate coverage, specifically the minimum dose to the prostate, and enables PTV margin reduction and subsequent OAR sparing. Fast re-optimizations enable uninterrupted treatment delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Snyder
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
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Menne Guricová K, Groen V, Pos F, Monninkhof E, Elias SG, Haustermans K, Smeenk RJ, van der Voort van Zyp J, Draulans C, Isebaert S, van Houdt PJ, Kerkmeijer LGW, van der Heide UA. Risk Modeling for Individualization of the FLAME Focal Boost Approach in External Beam Radiation Therapy for Patients With Localized Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 118:66-73. [PMID: 37725026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The FLAME trial (NCT01168479) showed that isotoxic focal boosting to the intraprostatic lesion(s) in patients with intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer improves 5-year disease-free survival (DFS). Although the near-minimum dose to the gross tumor volume (D98%) was associated with improved outcomes, a closer look suggested that this might not be the same for all patients. Therefore, we investigated whether risk factors that are associated with a benefit of focal boosting can be identified. METHODS AND MATERIALS We described the distribution of clinical characteristics and the number of high-risk factors with respect to the D98% in 526 FLAME trial patients. We used penalized Cox regression to develop a prediction model. To investigate a potential benefit in patient subgroups, we compared the model-based predictions of 5-year DFS assuming standard whole-gland radiation therapy of 77 Gy to the predictions assuming an additional focal boost with D98% of 95 Gy. RESULTS Patients with high-risk factors were well represented in the group of 120 patients that received D98% > 85 Gy and showed fewer recurrences compared with the group that received 77 Gy. Applying the model simulating a standard dose of 77 Gy, we predicted a high DFS for grade group (GG) 1 patients, whereas patients with high-risk characteristics appeared to show a low DFS. All risk groups showed a high level of DFS when simulating D98% of 95 Gy. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that GG 1 patients already show a low level of failure at a standard dose of 77 Gy, limiting the additional benefit of focal boosting. In contrast, patients with high-risk characteristics, especially GG 4 or 5, show a low 5-year DFS, while focal boosting might improve this substantially. This suggests that reaching a high focal boost dose may be particularly beneficial for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolína Menne Guricová
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI-AVL), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Veerle Groen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Floris Pos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI-AVL), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evelyn Monninkhof
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd G Elias
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Haustermans
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert J Smeenk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Cédric Draulans
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Isebaert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Petra J van Houdt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI-AVL), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda G W Kerkmeijer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Uulke A van der Heide
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI-AVL), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Tang T, Rodrigues G, Warner A, Bauman G. Long-Term Outcomes Following Fairly Brief Androgen Suppression and Stereotactic Radiation Therapy in High-Risk Prostate Cancer: Update From the FASTR/FASTR-2 Trials. Pract Radiat Oncol 2024; 14:e48-e56. [PMID: 37791942 DOI: 10.1016/j.prro.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is limited data on the long-term outcomes of ultrahypofractionated radiation therapy in high-risk prostate cancer. The FASTR and FASTR-2 trials were designed to assess the tolerability of stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SABR) in this context. Herein, the long-term results are reported. METHODS AND MATERIALS Eligible patients had localized high-risk prostate cancer and were either ≥70 years old, had a score of ≥3 on the Vulnerable Elderly Scale, or declined standard therapy. Nineteen patients from a single institution were enrolled on FASTR between 2011 and 2015. They received 40 Gy to the prostate and 25 Gy to the pelvic lymph nodes in 5 weekly fractions, with 12 months of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Thirty patients from the same institution were enrolled on FASTR-2 between 2015 and 2017. They received 35 Gy to the prostate alone in 5 weekly fractions, with 18 months of ADT. Updated toxicity and outcomes were assessed retrospectively. Kaplan-Meier estimates were calculated for biochemical failure-free survival, freedom from distant metastases, prostate cancer-specific survival, and overall survival. RESULTS Forty-four patients were eligible for analysis, 16 from FASTR and 28 from FASTR-2. Thirty-four patients (77%) were >70 years old. High-risk features included Gleason score ≥8 (n = 20, 46%), T3-T4 disease (n = 12, 27%), and baseline prostate-specific antigen > 20 (n = 22, 50%). Median follow-up was 6.4 years. The 5-year cumulative incidence of late grade ≥3 genitourinary/gastrointestinal toxicity was 32% in FASTR and 11% in FASTR-2. At 5 years, the combined rates of biochemical failure-free survival, freedom from distant metastases, prostate cancer-specific survival, and overall survival were 72%, 90%, 92%, and 83%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS SABR can be safely delivered in high-risk prostate cancer by optimizing technical delivery, particularly with adherence to strict dose constraints for organs at risk. The clinical outcomes in FASTR and FASTR-2 were largely comparable to more standard fractionation schemes plus ADT, but further modifications may improve disease control. Larger randomized trials are necessary to better understand the efficacy and tolerability of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence Tang
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Western University and London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - George Rodrigues
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Western University and London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Warner
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Western University and London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Glenn Bauman
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Western University and London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Schröder C, Mose L, Mathier E, Zwahlen DR, Aebersold DM, Förster R, Shelan M. Five Fractions versus Seven Fractions SBRT for Intermediate- and High-Risk Prostate Cancer: A Propensity Score Matched Pair Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5815. [PMID: 38136360 PMCID: PMC10741876 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare two stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) regimens in patients with intermediate- or high-risk prostate cancer with regards toxicity and efficacy. METHODS/MATERIAL We retrospectively collected data from 198 patients treated with SBRT for prostate cancer at two different institutions. Patients received either 35-36.25 Gy in five fractions (group A) using Cyberknife robotic platform or 42.7 Gy in seven fractions (group B) using a C-arm LINAC (image-guided). Propensity score matching was done (2:1 nearest neighbor matching without replacement), resulting in 120 patients (80 patients for group A, 40 patients for group B). Toxicity, PSA nadir, biochemical failure and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed. RESULTS Median follow up of all patients was 13 months (range 1-91 months). Overall, 23.3% of patients had ≥G2 acute GU toxicity (21.1% group A versus 30% group B (p = 0.222)) and 6.6% of patients ≥G2 GI toxicity (2.5% versus 15% (p = 0.010)). There was one acute G3 GU toxicity in arm A and one acute G4 rectal bleeding in group B (anticoagulated patient). Regarding late toxicity, 14.1% of patients had ≥G2 late GU toxicity (17.4% versus 6.6% (p = 0.159)) and 5.0% of patients had ≥G2 late GI toxicity (1.4% versus 13.3% (p = 0.013)). There was one G3 late GU toxicity in arm B and two G3 late GI toxicities, one in each arm. Relative median PSA reduction was 92.4% (-53.9-99.9%) from baseline PSA (93.7% (-53.9-99.9%) in group A versus 87.7% (39.8-99.9%) in group B (p = 0.043). In total, 4.2% of patients had biochemical relapse, 5.0% in group A and 2.5% in group B (p = 0.518). One-year DFS in the overall cohort was 97.3%, 98.8% in group A and 94.3% in group B (p = 0.318). CONCLUSION Both SBRT regimens have acceptable acute and late toxicity and good efficacy. There are significantly more GI toxicities in the seven-fraction regimen. Longer follow-up is warranted for better comparison of long-term efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schröder
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, 8400 Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Mose
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital/Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (L.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Etienne Mathier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital/Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (L.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Daniel Rudolf Zwahlen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, 8400 Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Matthias Aebersold
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital/Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (L.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Robert Förster
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, 8400 Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Shelan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital/Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (L.M.); (M.S.)
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Ong WL, Cheung P, Chung H, Chu W, Detsky J, Liu S, Morton G, Szumacher E, Tseng CL, Vesprini D, Davidson M, Ravi A, McGuffin M, Zhang L, Mamedov A, Deabreu A, Kulasingham-Poon M, Loblaw A. To Boost or Not to Boost: Pooled Analyses From 2-Fraction SABR Trials for Localized Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:1153-1162. [PMID: 37419394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Focal boost to dominant intraprostatic lesion (DIL) is an approach for dose escalation in prostate radiation therapy. In this study, we aimed to report the outcomes of 2-fraction SABR ± DIL boost. METHODS AND MATERIALS We included 60 patients with low- to intermediate-risk prostate cancer enrolled in 2 phase 2 trials (30 patients in each trial). In the 2STAR trial (NCT02031328), 26 Gy (equivalent dose in 2-Gy fractions = 105.4 Gy) was delivered to the prostate. In the 2SMART trial (NCT03588819), 26 Gy was delivered to the prostate, with up to 32 Gy boost to magnetic resonance imaging-defined DIL (equivalent dose in 2-Gy fractions = 156.4 Gy). The reported outcomes included prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response (ie, <0.4 ng/mL) at 4 years (4yrPSARR), biochemical failure (BF), acute and late toxicities, and quality of life (QOL). RESULTS In 2SMART, median DIL D99% of 32.3 Gy was delivered. Median follow-up was 72.7 months (range, 69.1-75.) in 2STAR and 43.6 months (range, 38.7-49.5) in 2SMART. The 4yrPSARR was 57% (17/30) in 2STAR and 63% (15/24) in 2SMART (P = 0.7). The 4-year cumulative BF was 0% in 2STAR and 8.3% in 2SMART (P = 0.1). The 6-year BF in 2STAR was 3.5%. For genitourinary toxicities, there were differences in grade ≥1 urinary urgency in the acute (0% vs 47%; P < .001) and late settings (10% vs 67%; P < .001) favoring 2STAR. For urinary QOL, no difference was observed in the acute setting, but lower proportion in 2STAR had minimal clinically important changes in urinary QOL score in the late setting (21% vs 50%; P = .03). There were no significant differences in gastrointestinal and sexual toxicities and QOL in both acute and late settings between the 2 trials. CONCLUSIONS This study presents the first prospective data comparing 2-fraction prostate SABR ± DIL boost. The addition of DIL boost resulted in similar medium-term efficacy (in 4yrPSARR and BF), with impact on late urinary QOL outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wee Loon Ong
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Alfred Health Radiation Oncology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick Cheung
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hans Chung
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - William Chu
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jay Detsky
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stanley Liu
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gerard Morton
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ewa Szumacher
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chia-Lin Tseng
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danny Vesprini
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melanie Davidson
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ananth Ravi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; MOLLI Surgical, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Merrylee McGuffin
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Liying Zhang
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandre Mamedov
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Deabreu
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Andrew Loblaw
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Policy, Measurement and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Zhong AY, Lui AJ, Katz MS, Berlin A, Kamran SC, Kishan AU, Murthy V, Nagar H, Seible D, Stish BJ, Tree AC, Seibert TM. Use of focal radiotherapy boost for prostate cancer: radiation oncologists' perspectives and perceived barriers to implementation. Radiat Oncol 2023; 18:188. [PMID: 37950310 PMCID: PMC10638743 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-023-02375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a recent phase III randomized control trial, delivering a focal radiotherapy (RT) boost to tumors visible on MRI was shown to improve disease-free survival and regional/distant metastasis-free survival for patients with prostate cancer-without increasing toxicity. The aim of this study was to assess how widely this technique is being applied in current practice, as well as physicians' perceived barriers toward its implementation. METHODS We invited radiation oncologists to complete an online questionnaire assessing their use of intraprostatic focal boost in December 2022 and February 2023. To include perspectives from a broad range of practice settings, the invitation was distributed to radiation oncologists worldwide via email list, group text platform, and social media. RESULTS 263 radiation oncologist participants responded. The highest-represented countries were the United States (42%), Mexico (13%), and the United Kingdom (8%). The majority of participants worked at an academic medical center (52%) and considered their practice to be at least partially genitourinary (GU)-subspecialized (74%). Overall, 43% of participants reported routinely using intraprostatic focal boost. Complete GU-subspecialists were more likely to implement focal boost, with 61% reporting routine use. In both high-income and low-to-middle-income countries, less than half of participants routinely use focal boost. The most cited barriers were concerns about registration accuracy between MRI and CT (37%), concerns about risk of additional toxicity (35%), and challenges to accessing high-quality MRI (29%). CONCLUSIONS Two years following publication of a randomized trial of patient benefit without increased toxicity, almost half of the radiation oncologists surveyed are now routinely offering focal RT boost. Further adoption of this technique might be aided by increased access to high-quality MRI, better registration algorithms of MRI to CT simulation images, physician education on benefit-to-harm ratio, and training on contouring prostate lesions on MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Y Zhong
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Asona J Lui
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Matthew S Katz
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Lowell General Hospital, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Alejandro Berlin
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sophia C Kamran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amar U Kishan
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Urology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vedang Murthy
- ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Daniel Seible
- Anchorage and Valley Radiation Therapy Centers, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Bradley J Stish
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alison C Tree
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust/The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Tyler M Seibert
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Departments of Radiology and Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Nakamura K, Ikeda I, Inokuchi H, Aizawa R, Ogata T, Akamatsu S, Kobayashi T, Mizowaki T. Long-Term Outcomes of a Prospective Study on Highly Hypofractionated Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer for 3 Weeks. Pract Radiat Oncol 2023; 13:e530-e537. [PMID: 37414247 DOI: 10.1016/j.prro.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Reports of radiation therapy for prostate cancer using dose fractions between moderate hypofractionation and ultrahypofractionation are limited. This pilot study involved the application of highly hypofractionated intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in 15 fractions for 3 weeks and the number of fractions was intermediate between the 2 previously mentioned dose fractions. The long-term outcomes are reported. METHODS AND MATERIALS From April 2014 to September 2015, patients with low- to intermediate-risk prostate cancer received 54 Gy in 15 fractions (3.6 Gy per fraction) for 3 weeks using IMRT without intraprostatic fiducial markers or a rectal hydrogel spacer. Neoadjuvant hormone therapy (HT) was administered for 4 to 8 months. Adjuvant HT was not administered to any patients. Rates of biochemical relapse-free survival, clinical relapse-free survival, overall survival, and the cumulative incidence of late grade ≥2 toxicities were analyzed. RESULTS Twenty-five patients were enrolled in this prospective study; 24 of them were treated with highly hypofractionated IMRT (17% had low-risk and 83% had intermediate-risk disease). The median neoadjuvant HT duration was 5.3 months. The median follow-up period was 77 months (range, 57-87 months). Biochemical relapse-free survival, clinical relapse-free survival, and overall survival rates were 91.7%, 95.8%, and 95.8% at 5 years, and 87.5%, 86.3%, and 95.8% at 7 years, respectively. Neither grade ≥2 late gastrointestinal toxicity nor grade ≥3 late genitourinary toxicity was observed. The cumulative incidence rates of grade 2 genitourinary toxicity were 8.5% and 18.3% at 5 and 7 years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Highly hypofractionated IMRT delivering 54 Gy in 15 fractions for 3 weeks for prostate cancer without intraprostatic fiducial markers facilitated favorable oncological outcomes without severe complications. This treatment approach may be a possible alternative to moderate hypofractionation, but further validation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Itaru Ikeda
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Image-Applied Therapy
| | - Haruo Inokuchi
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Image-Applied Therapy
| | - Rihito Aizawa
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Image-Applied Therapy
| | - Takashi Ogata
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Image-Applied Therapy
| | - Shusuke Akamatsu
- Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Morris BA, Holmes EE, Anger NJ, Cooley G, Schuster JM, Hurst N, Baschnagel AM, Bassetti MF, Blitzer GC, Chappell RJ, Bayliss RA, Morris ZS, Ritter MA, Floberg JM. Toxicity and Patient-Reported Quality-of-Life Outcomes After Prostate Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy With Focal Boost to Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Identified Prostate Cancer Lesions: Results of a Phase 2 Trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:613-623. [PMID: 37179035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this prospective phase 2 trial, we investigated the toxicity and patient-reported quality-of-life outcomes in patients treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) to the prostate gland and a simultaneous focal boost to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-identified intraprostatic lesions while also de-escalating dose to the adjacent organs at risk. METHODS AND MATERIALS Eligible patients included low- or intermediate-risk prostate cancer (Gleason score ≤7, prostate specific antigen ≤20, T stage ≤2b). SBRT was prescribed to 40 Gy in 5 fractions delivered every other day to the prostate, with any areas of high disease burden (MRI-identified prostate imaging reporting and data system 4 or 5 lesions) simultaneously escalated to 42.5 to 45 Gy and areas overlapping organs at risk (within 2 mm of urethra, rectum, and bladder) constrained to 36.25 Gy (n = 100). Patients without a pretreatment MRI or without MRI-identified lesions were treated to dose of 37.5 Gy with no focal boost (n = 14). RESULTS From 2015 to 2022, a total of 114 patients were enrolled with a median follow-up of 42 months. No acute or late grade 3+ gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity was observed. One patient developed late grade 3 genitourinary (GU) toxicity at 16 months. In patients treated with focal boost (n = 100), acute grade 2 GU and GI toxicity was seen in 38% and 4% of patients, respectively. Cumulative late grade 2+ GU and GI toxicities at 24 months were 13% and 5% respectively. Patient-reported outcomes showed no significant long-term change from baseline in urinary, bowel, hormonal, or sexual quality-of-life scores after treatment. CONCLUSIONS SBRT to a dose of 40 Gy to the prostate gland with a simultaneous focal boost up to 45 Gy is well tolerated with similar rates of acute and late grade 2+ GI and GU toxicity as seen in other SBRT regimens without intraprostatic boost. Moreover, no significant long-term changes were seen in patient-reported urinary, bowel, or sexual outcomes from pretreatment baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma E Holmes
- Biostatistics & Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Richard J Chappell
- Biostatistics & Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
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Le Guevelou J, Bosetti DG, Castronovo F, Angrisani A, de Crevoisier R, Zilli T. State of the art and future challenges of urethra-sparing stereotactic body radiotherapy for prostate cancer: a systematic review of literature. World J Urol 2023; 41:3287-3299. [PMID: 37668718 PMCID: PMC10632210 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-023-04579-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Doses delivered to the urethra have been associated with an increased risk to develop long-term urinary toxicity in patients undergoing stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for prostate cancer (PCa). Aim of the present systematic review is to report on the role of urethra-sparing SBRT (US-SBRT) techniques for prostate cancer, with a focus on outcome and urinary toxicity. METHOD A systematic review of the literature was performed on the PubMed database on May 2023. Based on the urethra-sparing technique, 13 studies were selected for the analysis and classified in the two following categories: "urethra-steering" SBRT (restriction of hotspots to the urethra) and "urethra dose-reduction" SBRT (dose reduction to urethra below the prescribed dose). RESULTS By limiting the urethra Dmax to 90GyEQD2 (α/β = 3 Gy) with urethra-steering SBRT techniques, late genitourinary (GU) grade 2 toxicity remains mild, ranging between 12.1% and 14%. With dose-reduction strategies decreasing the urethral dose below 70 GyEQD2, the risk of late GU toxicity was further reduced (< 8% at 5 years), while maintaining biochemical relapse-free survival rates up to 93% at 5 years. CONCLUSION US-SBRT techniques limiting maximum doses to urethra below a 90GyEQD2 (α/β = 3 Gy) threshold result in a low rate of acute and late grade ≥ 2 GU toxicity. A better understanding of clinical factors and anatomical substructures involved in the development of GU toxicity, as well as the development and use of adapted dose constraints, is expected to further reduce the long-term GU toxicity of prostate cancer patients treated with SBRT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davide Giovanni Bosetti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), EOC, Via Ospedale, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Castronovo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), EOC, Via Ospedale, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Angrisani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), EOC, Via Ospedale, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Zilli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), EOC, Via Ospedale, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
- Facoltà Di Scienze Biomediche, Università Della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Poder J, Radvan S, Howie A, Kasraei F, Parker A, Bucci J, Haworth A. Viability of focal dose escalation to prostate cancer intraprostatic lesions using HDR prostate brachytherapy. Brachytherapy 2023; 22:800-807. [PMID: 37748989 DOI: 10.1016/j.brachy.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the viability of focal dose escalation to prostate cancer intraprostatic lesions (IPLs) from multiparametric magnetic resonance (mpMRI) and prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (PSMA-PET) images using high-dose-rate (HDR) prostate brachytherapy (pBT). METHODS AND MATERIALS Retrospective data from 20 patients treated with HDR pBT was utilized. The interobserver contouring variability of 5 observers was quantified using the dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and mean distance to agreement (MDA). Uncertainty in propagating IPL contours to trans-rectal ultrasound (TRUS) was quantified using a tissue equivalent prostate phantom. Feasibility of incorporating IPLs into HDR pBT planning was tested on retrospective patient data. RESULTS The average observer DSC was 0.65 (PSMA-PET) and 0.52 (mpMRI). The uncertainty in propagating IPL contours was 0.6 mm (PSMA-PET), and 0.4 mm (mpMRI). Uncertainties could be accounted for by expanding IPL contours by 2 mm to create IPL PTVs. The mean D98% achieved using HDR pBT was 166% and 135% for the IPL and IPL PTV contours, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Focal dose escalation to IPLs identified on either PSMA-PET or mpMRI is viable using TRUS-based HDR pBT. Utilizing HDR pBT allows dose escalation of up to 166% of the prescribed dose to the prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Poder
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St George Hospital Cancer Care Centre, Kogarah, NSW, Australia; Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; School of Physics, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
| | - Samantha Radvan
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Howie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St George Hospital Cancer Care Centre, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
| | - Farshad Kasraei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St George Hospital Cancer Care Centre, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
| | - Annaleise Parker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St George Hospital Cancer Care Centre, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
| | - Joseph Bucci
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St George Hospital Cancer Care Centre, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
| | - Annette Haworth
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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Zhao Y, Haworth A, Rowshanfarzad P, Ebert MA. Focal Boost in Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy: A Review of Planning Studies and Clinical Trials. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4888. [PMID: 37835581 PMCID: PMC10572027 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Focal boost radiotherapy was developed to deliver elevated doses to functional sub-volumes within a target. Such a technique was hypothesized to improve treatment outcomes without increasing toxicity in prostate cancer treatment. PURPOSE To summarize and evaluate the efficacy and variability of focal boost radiotherapy by reviewing focal boost planning studies and clinical trials that have been published in the last ten years. METHODS Published reports of focal boost radiotherapy, that specifically incorporate dose escalation to intra-prostatic lesions (IPLs), were reviewed and summarized. Correlations between acute/late ≥G2 genitourinary (GU) or gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity and clinical factors were determined by a meta-analysis. RESULTS By reviewing and summarizing 34 planning studies and 35 trials, a significant dose escalation to the GTV and thus higher tumor control of focal boost radiotherapy were reported consistently by all reviewed studies. Reviewed trials reported a not significant difference in toxicity between focal boost and conventional radiotherapy. Acute ≥G2 GU and late ≥G2 GI toxicities were reported the most and least prevalent, respectively, and a negative correlation was found between the rate of toxicity and proportion of low-risk or intermediate-risk patients in the cohort. CONCLUSION Focal boost prostate cancer radiotherapy has the potential to be a new standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Zhao
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (P.R.); (M.A.E.)
| | - Annette Haworth
- Institute of Medical Physics, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia;
| | - Pejman Rowshanfarzad
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (P.R.); (M.A.E.)
- Centre for Advanced Technologies in Cancer Research (CATCR), Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Martin A. Ebert
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (P.R.); (M.A.E.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- 5D Clinics, Claremont, WA 6010, Australia
- School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI 53706, USA
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Wang F, Yao J, Chen J, Zeng H, Wang X. A pilot study of stereotactic body radiotherapy combined with pelvic radiotherapy and GTVp boost based on multiparameter magnetic resonance image in patients with high-risk prostate cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35260. [PMID: 37773877 PMCID: PMC10545171 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This pilot study aimed to explore the preliminary effects and safety of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) combined with preventive pelvic radiotherapy and primary gross tumor volumes (GTVp) boost in patients with high-risk prostate cancer based on multiparameter magnetic resonance image (mpMRI). Tumors were contoured as GTVp based on mpMRI. The prostate and proximal seminal vesicles were considered as the clinical target volume1. The pelvic lymphatic drainage area constituted clinical target volume 2. Radiation doses were 40Gy or 45Gy/5fractions to planning target volume of primary tumor, 37.5Gy/5f to prostate, seminal vesicle, and positive pelvic lymph nodes, and 25Gy/5f to pelvic synchronously. The treatment was delivered 3 times per week. Volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy were used to complete SBRT. The genitourinary (GU) and gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities were evaluated. Quality of life data was also captured. A total of 15 patients were enrolled in this study with a median age of 78 (56-87) from 2017 to 2020. All patients received SBRT. At 3 months after radiotherapy, the proportion of PSA < 0.006 ng/mL was 66.7% (10/15). The 2-year biochemical relapse-free survival was 93.3%. The incidence of grade 1 acute GU side effects was 80% (12/15); the incidence of acute grade 1 GI toxicity was 66.7% (10/15); and no grade 2 or higher acute GU and GI side effects was observed. Two patients presented with temporary late grade 2 GI toxicity. International Prostatic System Score increased rapidly after a transient increase at 1 week (P = .001). There were no significant differences in EORTC quality of life scores in all domains except global health status. In this pilot study, it was revealed that SBRT combined with preventive pelvic radiotherapy and GTVp boost based on mpMRI image was effective and well tolerated for patients with high-risk prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Yao
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junru Chen
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Zeng
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Benitez CM, Steinberg ML, Cao M, Qi XS, Lamb JM, Kishan AU, Valle LF. MRI-Guided Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer: The Next Frontier in Ultrahypofractionation. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4657. [PMID: 37760626 PMCID: PMC10526919 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Technological advances in MRI-guided radiation therapy (MRIgRT) have improved real-time visualization of the prostate and its surrounding structures over CT-guided radiation therapy. Seminal studies have demonstrated safe dose escalation achieved through ultrahypofractionation with MRIgRT due to planning target volume (PTV) margin reduction and treatment gating. On-table adaptation with MRI-based technologies can also incorporate real-time changes in target shape and volume and can reduce high doses of radiation to sensitive surrounding structures that may move into the treatment field. Ongoing clinical trials seek to refine ultrahypofractionated radiotherapy treatments for prostate cancer using MRIgRT. Though these studies have the potential to demonstrate improved biochemical control and reduced side effects, limitations concerning patient treatment times and operational workflows may preclude wide adoption of this technology outside of centers of excellence. In this review, we discuss the advantages and limitations of MRIgRT for prostate cancer, as well as clinical trials testing the efficacy and toxicity of ultrafractionation in patients with localized or post-prostatectomy recurrent prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Luca F. Valle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6951, USA (X.S.Q.)
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Takayesu JSK, Heckman P, Short E, Hurley P, Narayana V, McLaughlin PW. Quality rectal hydrogel placement allows for gel-enabled dose-escalated EBRT (GEDE-EBRT) without rectal interference in prostate cancer. Med Dosim 2023; 48:286-292. [PMID: 37666707 DOI: 10.1016/j.meddos.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple trials have shown that dose-escalation of radiation for prostate cancer provides a biochemical progression-free survival benefit (bPFS); however, rectal constraints are often limiting. In this dosimetric study, we hypothesized that a well-placed rectal hydrogel (RH) would permit improved dose-escalation and target coverage. We selected patients with good-quality RH and created plans with and without RH, prescribing 70 Gy in 28 fractions to the prostate and proximal seminal vesicles (PSV), and a peripheral zone (PZ) boost to 84 Gy, 98 Gy, or 112 Gy. We then compared plans with and without RH, prescribing a 112 Gy boost to 1 to 2 cm simulated dominant intraprostatic lesions (DIL). In the 18 plans created with a PZ boost, the PTV_boost D95% was higher in RH plans compared to non-RH plans (median 98.5 Gy vs 75.53 Gy, p < 0.01). The PSV planning target volume (PTV_PSV) D95% was also marginally higher with RH (71.87 Gy vs 71.04 Gy, p < 0.01). All rectal metrics were improved with RH. For the 32 plans created for simulated DILs treated to 112 Gy, the PTV_boost coverage (median D95% 112.48 Gy vs 102.63 Gy, p < 0.01) and rectal metrics were improved with RH. Four non-RH plans with at least a 4 mm rectal-PTV_boost gap achieved D95% > 98% of the prescription dose for the PTV_boost. Our study showed that placement of a high-quality RH allowed for GEDE-EBRT up to 112 Gy in 28 fractions (EQD2 160 Gy with α/β = 2.5). This concept should be tested prospectively, particularly to assess for increases in nonrectal toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie S K Takayesu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Paul Heckman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Assarian Cancer Center, Ascension Providence Hospital, Novi, MI, USA
| | - Eric Short
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Assarian Cancer Center, Ascension Providence Hospital, Novi, MI, USA
| | - Patrick Hurley
- Department of Urology, Ascension Providence Hospital, Novi, MI, USA
| | - Vrinda Narayana
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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38
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Dover L, Dulaney C. Spine Stereotactic Radiosurgery, Prostate Radiation Frequency, Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Cervical Cancer, Bacteria and Radiation Dermatitis, and Breast Conservation Therapy for Multifocal Disease. Pract Radiat Oncol 2023; 13:379-383. [PMID: 37652622 DOI: 10.1016/j.prro.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dover
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ascension St. Vincent's East, Birmingham, Alabama.
| | - Caleb Dulaney
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anderson Regional Health System, Meridian, Mississippi
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Dassen MG, Janssen T, Kusters M, Pos F, Kerkmeijer LGW, van der Heide UA, van der Bijl E. Comparing adaptation strategies in MRI-guided online adaptive radiotherapy for prostate cancer: Implications for treatment margins. Radiother Oncol 2023; 186:109761. [PMID: 37348607 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.109761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To quantify the difference in accuracy of adapt-to-position (ATP), adapt-to-rotation (ATR) and adapt-to-shape (ATS) workflows used in MRI-guided online adaptive radiotherapy for prostate carcinoma (PCa) by evaluating the margins required to accommodate intra-fraction motion of the clinical target volumes for prostate (CTVpros), prostate including seminal vesicles (CTVpros + sv) and gross tumor volume (GTV). MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical delineations of the CTVpros, CTVpros + sv and GTV of 24 patients with intermediate- and high-risk PCa, treated using ATS on a 1.5 T MR-Linac, were used for analysis. Delineations were available pre- and during beam-on. To simulate ATP and ATR workflows, we automatically generated the structures associated with these workflows using rigid transformations from the planning-MRI to the daily online MRIs. Clinical GTVs were analyzed as ATR GTVs and only ATP GTVs were simulated. Planning target volumes (PTVs) were generated with isotropic margins ranging 0.0-5.0 mm. The volumetric overlap was calculated between these PTVs and their corresponding clinical delineation on the MRI acquired during beam-on and averaged over all treatment fractions. RESULTS The PTV margin required to cover > 95% of the CTVpros was equal (2.5 mm) for all workflows. For the CTVpros + sv, this margin increased to 5.0, 4.0 and 3.5 mm in the ATP, ATR and ATS workflow, respectively. GTV coverage improved from ATP to ATR for margins up to 4.0 mm. CONCLUSION ATP, ATR and ATS workflows ensure equal coverage of the CTVpros for the current clinical margins. For the CTVpros + sv, ATS showed optimal performance. GTV coverage improves by additional adaptations to prostate rotations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathijs G Dassen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Tomas Janssen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Kusters
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Floris Pos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Linda G W Kerkmeijer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Uulke A van der Heide
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erik van der Bijl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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De Cock L, Draulans C, Pos FJ, Isebaert S, De Roover R, van der Heide UA, Smeenk RJ, Kunze-Busch M, van der Voort van Zyp J, de Boer H, Kerkmeijer LGW, Haustermans K. From once-weekly to semi-weekly whole prostate gland stereotactic radiotherapy with focal boosting: Primary endpoint analysis of the multicenter phase II hypo-FLAME 2.0 trial. Radiother Oncol 2023; 185:109713. [PMID: 37178932 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.109713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The hypo-FLAME trial showed that once-weekly (QW) focal boosted prostate stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is associated with acceptable acute genitourinary (GU) and gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity. Currently, we investigated the safety of reducing the overall treatment time (OTT) of focal boosted prostate SBRT from 29 to 15 days. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients with intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer were treated with SBRT delivering 35 Gy in 5 fractions to the whole prostate gland with an iso-toxic boost up to 50 Gy to the intraprostatic lesion(s) in a semi-weekly (BIW) schedule. The primary endpoint was radiation-induced acute toxicity (CTCAE v5.0). Changes in quality of life (QoL) were examined in terms of proportions achieving a minimal clinically important change (MCIC). Finally, acute toxicity and QoL scores of the BIW schedule were compared with the results of the prior QW hypo-FLAME schedule (n = 100). RESULTS Between August 2020 and February 2022, 124 patients were enrolled and treated BIW. No grade ≥3 GU or GI toxicity was observed. The 90-days cumulative incidence of grade 2 GU and GI toxicity rates were 47.5% and 7.4%, respectively. Patients treated QW scored significant less grade 2 GU toxicity (34.0%, p = 0.01). No significant differences in acute GI toxicity were observed. Furthermore, patients treated QW had a superior acute bowel and urinary QoL. CONCLUSION Semi-weekly prostate SBRT with iso-toxic focal boosting is associated with acceptable acute GU and GI toxicity. Based on the comparison between the QW and BIW schedule, patients should be counselled regarding the short-term advantages of a more protracted schedule. Registration number ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04045717.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa De Cock
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | - Floris J Pos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Sofie Isebaert
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Robin De Roover
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Uulke A van der Heide
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Robert J Smeenk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Martina Kunze-Busch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Hans de Boer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Linda G W Kerkmeijer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Karin Haustermans
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Pasquier D, Nickers P, Peiffert D, Maingon P, Pommier P, Lacornerie T, Tresch E, Barthoulot M, Lartigau E. A Multicenter Phase 2 Study of Ultrahypofractionated Stereotactic Boost After External Beam Radiotherapy in Intermediate-risk Prostate Carcinoma: A Very Long-term Analysis of the CKNO-PRO Trial. EUR UROL SUPPL 2023; 54:80-87. [PMID: 37545850 PMCID: PMC10403693 DOI: 10.1016/j.euros.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genitourinary (GU) or gastrointestinal (GI) complications and tumor relapse can occur in the long term after radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Objective To assess the late tolerance and relapse-free survival (RFS) in patients undergoing hypofractionated stereotactic boost therapy after external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for intermediate-risk prostate cancer. Design setting and participants Seventy-six patients with intermediate-risk prostate carcinoma between August 2010 and April 2013 were included. The first course delivered a dose of 46 Gy by conventional fractionation; the second course was a boost of 18 Gy (3 × 6 Gy) within 10 d. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis GU and GI toxicities were evaluated as the primary outcomes. The secondary outcomes were overall survival and RFS. The cumulative incidence of toxicity was calculated using a competing-risk approach. Overall survival and RFS were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results and limitations The median follow-up period was 88 mo (range, 81-99 mo). Sixty (79%) patients were treated with the CyberKnife and 16 (21%) using a linear accelerator. The cumulative incidences of GU and GI grade ≥2 toxicities at 120 mo were 1.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.1-6.6%) and 11.0% (95% CI: 5.1-19.4%), respectively. The overall survival and RFS rates at 8 yr were 89.1% (95% CI: 77-95%) and 76.9% (95% CI: 63.1-86.1), respectively. Conclusions A very long follow-up showed low GU and GI toxicities after a hypofractionated stereotactic boost after EBRT for intermediate-risk prostate cancer. Dose escalation of the boost delivered by hypofractionated radiation therapy appears safe for use in future trials. Patient summary We found low toxicity and good survival rates after a short and high-precision boost after external beam radiotherapy for intermediate-risk prostate cancer, with a long-term follow-up of 88 mo. This long-term treatment is safe and should be considered in future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pasquier
- Academic Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, &, CNRS, Centrale Lille, UMR 9189 - CRIStAL, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Nickers
- Academic Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France
| | - Didier Peiffert
- Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine-Alexis Vautrin, Nancy, France
| | | | - Pascal Pommier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Maël Barthoulot
- Department of Biostatistics, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France
| | - Eric Lartigau
- Academic Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, &, CNRS, Centrale Lille, UMR 9189 - CRIStAL, Lille, France
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Lo Greco MC, Marletta G, Marano G, Fazio A, Buffettino E, Iudica A, Liardo RLE, Milazzotto R, Foti PV, Palmucci S, Basile A, Marletta F, Cuccia F, Ferrera G, Parisi S, Pontoriero A, Pergolizzi S, Spatola C. Hypofractionated Radiotherapy in Localized, Low-Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer: Current and Future Prospectives. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1144. [PMID: 37374348 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59061144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
At the time of diagnosis, the vast majority of prostate carcinoma patients have a clinically localized form of the disease, with most of them presenting with low- or intermediate-risk prostate cancer. In this setting, various curative-intent alternatives are available, including surgery, external beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy. Randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that moderate hypofractionated radiotherapy can be considered as a valid alternative strategy for localized prostate cancer. High-dose-rate brachytherapy can be administered according to different schedules. Proton beam radiotherapy represents a promising strategy, but further studies are needed to make it more affordable and accessible. At the moment, new technologies such as MRI-guided radiotherapy remain in early stages, but their potential abilities are very promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Lo Greco
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Giulia Marletta
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Giorgia Marano
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fazio
- Radiology I Unit, Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Emanuele Buffettino
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Arianna Iudica
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Rocco Luca Emanuele Liardo
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Roberto Milazzotto
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Pietro Valerio Foti
- Radiology I Unit, Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano Palmucci
- Radiology I Unit, Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Basile
- Radiology I Unit, Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Silvana Parisi
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Pontoriero
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Stefano Pergolizzi
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Corrado Spatola
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Zhong AY, Lui AJ, Katz MS, Berlin A, Kamran SC, Kishan AU, Murthy V, Nagar H, Seible D, Stish BJ, Tree AC, Seibert TM. Use of focal radiotherapy boost for prostate cancer and perceived barriers toward its implementation: a survey. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.02.01.23285345. [PMID: 37333345 PMCID: PMC10274968 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.01.23285345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Background In a recent phase III randomized control trial (FLAME), delivering a focal radiotherapy (RT) boost to tumors visible on MRI was shown to improve outcomes for prostate cancer patients without increasing toxicity. The aim of this study was to assess how widely this technique is being applied in current practice as well as physicians' perceived barriers toward its implementation. Methods An online survey assessing the use of intraprostatic focal boost was conducted in December 2022 and February 2023. The survey link was distributed to radiation oncologists worldwide via email list, group text platform, and social media. Results The survey initially collected 205 responses from various countries over a two-week period in December 2022. The survey was then reopened for one week in February 2023 to allow for more participation, leading to a total of 263 responses. The highest-represented countries were the United States (42%), Mexico (13%), and the United Kingdom (8%). The majority of participants worked at an academic medical center (52%) and considered their practice to be at least partially genitourinary (GU)-subspecialized (74%). 57% of participants reported not routinely using intraprostatic focal boost. Even among complete subspecialists, a substantial proportion (39%) do not routinely use focal boost. Less than half of participants in both high-income and low-to-middle-income countries were shown to routinely use focal boost. The most commonly cited barriers were concerns about registration accuracy between MRI and CT (37%), concerns about risk of additional toxicity (35%), and challenges to accessing high-quality MRI (29%). Conclusion Despite level 1 evidence from the FLAME trial, most radiation oncologists surveyed are not routinely offering focal RT boost. Adoption of this technique might be accelerated by increased access to high-quality MRI, better registration algorithms of MRI to CT simulation images, physician education on benefit-to-harm ratio, and training on contouring prostate lesions on MRI.
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Gorovets D, Wibmer AG, Moore A, Lobaugh S, Zhang Z, Kollmeier M, McBride S, Zelefsky MJ. Local Failure after Prostate SBRT Predominantly Occurs in the PI-RADS 4 or 5 Dominant Intraprostatic Lesion. Eur Urol Oncol 2023; 6:275-281. [PMID: 35307323 PMCID: PMC9481979 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A positive post-treatment prostate biopsy following definitive radiotherapy carries significant prognostic implications. OBJECTIVE To determine whether local recurrences after prostate stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) are associated with the presence of and occur more commonly within the region of a PI-RADS 4 or 5 dominant intra-prostatic lesion (DIL) identified on pre-treatment multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS 247 patients with localized prostate cancer treated with SBRT at our institution from 2009-2018 underwent post-treatment biopsies (median time to biopsy: 2.2 years) to evaluate local control. INTERVENTIONS Prostate SBRT (median 40 Gy in 5 fractions). OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS MRIs were read by a single diagnostic radiologist blinded to other patient characteristics and treatment outcomes. The DIL presence, size, location, and extent were then analyzed to determine associations with the post-treatment biopsy outcomes. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Among patients who underwent post-treatment biopsies, 39/247 (15.8%) were positive for Gleason-gradable prostate adenocarcinoma, of which 35/39 (90%) had a DIL initially present and 29/39 (74.4%) had a positive biopsy within the DIL. Factors independently associated with post-treatment biopsy outcomes included the presence of a DIL (OR 6.95; p = 0.001), radiographic T3 disease (OR 5.23, p < 0.001), SBRT dose ≥40 Gy (OR 0.26, p = 0.003), and use of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT; OR 0.28, p = 0.027). Among patients with a DIL (N = 149), the only factors associated with post-treatment biopsy outcomes included ≥50% percent cores positive (OR 2.4, p = 0.037), radiographic T3 disease (OR 4.04, p = 0.001), SBRT dose ≥40 Gy (OR 0.22, p < 0.001), and use of ADT (OR 0.21, p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that men with PI-RADS 4 or 5 DILs have a higher risk of local recurrence after prostate SBRT and that most recurrences are located within the DIL. PATIENT SUMMARY We found the presence of a dominant tumor on pre-treatment MRI was strongly associated with residual cancer within the prostate after SBRT and that most recurrences were within the dominant tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gorovets
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Andreas G Wibmer
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Assaf Moore
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Stephanie Lobaugh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marisa Kollmeier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sean McBride
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael J Zelefsky
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Onal C, Erbay G, Guler OC, Yavas C, Oymak E. Treatment outcomes of simultaneous integrated boost to intraprostatic lesions with external beam radiotherapy in localized prostate cancer patients. Prostate 2023. [PMID: 37173804 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the treatment outcomes and toxicity of definitive radiotherapy (RT) for prostate cancer (PC) patients using the simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) technique, which delivered 78 Gy to the entire prostate and 86 Gy to the intraprostatic lesion (IPL) in 39 fractions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Univariable and multivariable analyses were conducted of the prognostic factors for freedom from biochemical failure (FFBF), progression-free survival (PFS), and PC-specific survival (PCSS) of 619 PC patients who received definitive RT between September 2012 and August 2021. Predictors of late Grade ≥2 genitourinary (GU) and gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities were also identified using logistic regression. RESULTS The median follow-up for entire cohort was 68.5 months. The 5-year FFBF, PFS, and PCSS rates were 93.2%, 83.2%, and 98.6%, respectively. They were predicted by the serum prostate-specific antigen, Gleason score (GS), clinical nodal stage, and D'Amico risk group. Only 45 patients (7.3%) developed disease recurrence 41.9 months after RT. The 5-year FFBF rates for low-, intermediate-, and high-risk disease were 98.0%, 93.1%, and 88.5%, respectively (p < 0.001). The 5-year PFS and PCSS rates according to risk groups were 91.0%, 82.1%, and 77.4% (p < 0.001), and 99.2%, 96.4%, and 95.9% (p = 0.03), and, respectively. GS > 7 and lymph node metastasis negatively predicted FFBF and PCSS in multivariable analysis. Ninety (14.6%) and 44 (7.1%) patients had acute Grade ≥2 GU and GI toxicities, respectively, and 42 (6.8%) and 27 (4.4%) patients had late Grade ≥2 GU and GI toxicities, respectively. Diabetes and transurethral resection independently predicted late Grade 2 GU toxicity, but no significant predictor of late Grade ≥2 GI toxicity was found. CONCLUSIONS Localized PC was effectively and safely treated with definitive RT using the SIB technique to deliver 86 Gy to the IPL in 39 fractions without severe late toxicity. This finding must be validated with long-term results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Onal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Adana Dr Turgut Noyan Research and Treatment Center, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gurcan Erbay
- Department of Radiology, Adana Dr Turgut Noyan Research and Treatment Center, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ozan C Guler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Adana Dr Turgut Noyan Research and Treatment Center, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Cagdas Yavas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Oymak
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Iskenderun Gelisim Hospital, Hatay, Turkey
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David R, Buckby A, Kahokehr AA, Lee J, Watson DI, Leung J, O'Callaghan ME. Long term genitourinary toxicity following curative intent intensity-modulated radiotherapy for prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2023; 26:8-15. [PMID: 35260794 PMCID: PMC10023565 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-022-00520-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that radiation-induced pelvic toxicity often requires urological consultation. However, the 10-year incidence of genitourinary toxicity following intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) amongst patients with localised prostate cancer remains unclear. Hence, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the incidence of late genitourinary toxicity relying on Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) and Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grade as well as the incidence of specific genitourinary toxicity. Secondary objectives involved quantifing the number of studies reporting 120-month follow-up endpoints, time to event analysis, predictive factors or economic evaluation. METHODS Articles published from January 2008 to December 2021 describing prospective studies were systematically searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane (PROSPERO protocol CRD42019133320). Quality assessment was performed by use of the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 Tool for RCTs and the Newcastle Ottowa Scale for non-RCTs. Meta-analysis was performed on the 60-month incidence of RTOG and CTCAE Grade ≥2 genitourinary toxicity, haematuria, urinary retention and urinary incontinence. RESULTS We screened 4721 studies and six studies met our inclusion criteria. All included studies involved normofractionation, three included a hypofractionation comparator arm and none involved nodal irradiation. The pooled 60-month cumulative incidence of RTOG and CTCAE Grade ≥2 genitourinary toxicity were 17% (95% CI: 5-20%, n = 678) and 33% (95% CI: 27-38%, n = 153), respectively. The pooled 60-month cumulative incidence of Haematuria was 5% (95% CI: -4-14%, n = 48), Urinary incontinence 12% (95% CI: 6-18%, n = 194), Urinary retention 24% (95% CI: 9-40%, n = 10). One study reported time to event analyses, one reported predictive factors, no studies reported economic analysis or 120-month toxicity. There was considerable heterogeneity amongst the studies. CONCLUSION There are few high-quality studies reporting 60-month toxicity rates after IMRT. Conservative estimates of 60-month toxicity rates are high and there is need for longer follow-up and consistent toxicity reporting standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan David
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Bedford Park, Flinders University, Bedford, SA, Australia.
- Department of Urology, SA Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford, SA, Australia.
| | - Alex Buckby
- Department of Urology, SA Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford, SA, Australia
| | - Arman A Kahokehr
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Bedford Park, Flinders University, Bedford, SA, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jason Lee
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Bedford Park, Flinders University, Bedford, SA, Australia
- Department of Urology, SA Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford, SA, Australia
| | - David I Watson
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Bedford Park, Flinders University, Bedford, SA, Australia
| | - John Leung
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Bedford Park, Flinders University, Bedford, SA, Australia
- GenesisCare, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael E O'Callaghan
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Bedford Park, Flinders University, Bedford, SA, Australia
- Department of Urology, SA Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford, SA, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- South Australian Prostate Cancer Clinical Outcomes Collaborative, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Reijnen C, Brunenberg EJL, Kerkmeijer LGW. Advancing the treatment of localized prostate cancer with MR-guided radiotherapy. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2023; 26:50-52. [PMID: 36550217 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-022-00632-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is an important cornerstone in the treatment of localized prostate cancer. Current image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) techniques allow for more accurate and precise delivery of radiation treatment by the use of imaging before each fraction. Magnetic resonance guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) is the next step in IGRT with hybrid systems combining linear accelerators with MRI-scanners. With MRgRT, it is possible to visualize pelvic anatomy in great detail and subsequently perform replanning of the radiation dose distribution before each radiotherapy fraction. This technique has the potential to increase the therapeutic window of EBRT, by improved normal tissue sparing due to margin reduction and more accurate target dose delivery. This is particularly promising for prostate cancer, with its biology lending itself to ultra-hypofractionation, reducing radiotherapy treatment to as little as five fractions. Also, recent studies have shown that focal dose escalation to the intraprostatic tumor to high ablative doses can substantially increase disease-free survival. In this article, we discuss these unique opportunities as well as the potential future benefits of MRgRT in prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper Reijnen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ellen J L Brunenberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Linda G W Kerkmeijer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Two-fraction stereotactic ablative radiotherapy with simultaneous boost to MRI-defined dominant intra-prostatic lesion - Results from the 2SMART phase 2 trial. Radiother Oncol 2023; 181:109503. [PMID: 36754232 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.109503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This is the first report of the 2SMART Phase II trial evaluating the safety of two-fraction stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) with focal boost to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) defined dominant intra-prostatic lesion (DIL) for localised prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Men with low or intermediate risk prostate cancer were eligible for the study. The gross tumour volume (GTV) was MRI-defined DIL, and the clinical target volume (CTV) was entire prostate gland. The planning target volume (PTV) was a 2 mm expansion anteroposterior and lateral, and 2.5 mm superoinferior. The prescribed dose was 32 Gy to GTV, and 26 Gy to CTV. Primary endpoint was minimal clinically important change (MCIC) in quality of life (QOL) within 3-months of SABR, assessed using the EPIC-26 questionnaire. Secondary endpoints were acute and late toxicities (assessed using CTCAEv4), PSA nadir, and biochemical failure (based on Phoenix criteria). RESULTS Thirty men were enrolled in the study - 2 (7%) had low-risk and 28 (93%) had intermediate risk prostate cancer. The median follow-up was 44 months (range:39-49 months). The median PSA nadir was 0.25 ng/mL, with median time to nadir of 37 months. One patient (3%) had biochemical failure at 44 months post-treatment. Ten (33%), six (20%), and three (10%) men had acute MCIC in urinary, bowel, and sexual QOL domains respectively. No acute or late grade ≥ 3 urinary or bowel toxicities were observed. CONCLUSION This novel protocol of two-fraction prostate SABR with MRI-defined DIL boost is a safe approach for dose-escalation, with minimal impact on acute QOL and no grade ≥ 3 toxicities.
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Tree AC, Satchwell L, Alexander E, Blasiak-Wal I, deSouza NM, Gao A, Greenlay E, McNair H, Parker C, Talbot J, Dearnaley D, Murray J. Standard and Hypofractionated Dose Escalation to Intraprostatic Tumor Nodules in Localized Prostate Cancer: 5-Year Efficacy and Toxicity in the DELINEATE Trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 115:305-316. [PMID: 36150450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our purpose was to report 5-year efficacy and toxicity of intraprostatic lesion boosting using standard and hypofractionated radiation therapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS DELINEATE (ISRCTN 04483921) is a single center phase 2 multicohort study including standardly fractionated (cohort A: 74 Gy/37F to prostate and seminal vesicles [PSV]; cohort C 74 Gy/37F to PSV plus 60 Gy/37F to pelvic lymph nodes) and moderately hypofractionated (cohort B: 60 Gy/20F to PSV) prostate intensity-modulated radiation therapy patients with National Comprehensive Cancer Network intermediate/high-risk disease. Patients received an integrated boost of 82 Gy (cohorts A and C) or 67 Gy (cohort B) to multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging identified lesion(s). Primary endpoint was late Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity at 1 year. Secondary endpoints were acute and late toxicity (clinician and patient reported) and freedom from biochemical/clinical failure at 5 years. RESULTS Two hundred and sixty-five men were recruited and 256 were treated (55 cohort A, 153 cohort B, and 48 cohort C). Median follow-up for each cohort was >5 years. Cumulative late RTOG grade 2+ GI toxicity at 1 year was 3.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9%-13.8%) (cohort A), 7.2% (95% CI, 4%-12.6%) (cohort B), and 8.4% (95% CI, 3.2%-20.8%) (cohort C). Cumulative late RTOG grade 2+ GI toxicity to 5 years was 12.8% (95% CI, 6.3%-25.1%) (cohort A), 14.6% (95% CI, 9.9%-21.4%) (cohort B), and 20.7% (95% CI, 11.2%-36.2%) (cohort C). Cumulative RTOG grade 2+ genitourinary toxicity to 5 years was 12.9% (95% CI, 6.4%-25.2%) (cohort A), 18.2% (95% CI, 12.8%-25.4%) (cohort B), and 18.2% (95% CI, 9.5%-33.2%) (cohort C). Five-year freedom from biochemical/clinical failure was 98.2% (95% CI, 87.8%-99.7%) (cohort A), 96.7% (95% CI, 91.3%- 98.8%) (cohort B), and 95.1% (95% CI, 81.6-98.7%) (cohort C). CONCLUSIONS The DELINEATE trial has shown safety, tolerability, and feasibility of focal boosting in 20 or 37 fractions. Efficacy results indicate a low chance of prostate cancer recurrence 5 years after radiation therapy. Evidence from ongoing phase 3 randomized trials is awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison C Tree
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom; Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom.
| | - Laura Satchwell
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Alexander
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nandita M deSouza
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Annie Gao
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Greenlay
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Helen McNair
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom; Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Parker
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom; Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - James Talbot
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - David Dearnaley
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Murray
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom; Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
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SBRT focal dose intensification using an MR-Linac adaptive planning for intermediate-risk prostate cancer: An analysis of the dosimetric impact of intra-fractional organ changes. Radiother Oncol 2023; 179:109441. [PMID: 36549340 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2022.109441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Using an magnetic resonance linear accelerator (MR-Linac) may improve the precision of visible tumor boosting with ultra-hypofractionation by accounting for daily positional changes in the target and organs at risk (OAR). PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifteen patients with prostate cancer and an MR-detected dominant lesion were treated on the MR-Linac with stereotactic body radiation (SBRT) to 40 Gy in 5 fractions, boosting the gross tumor volume (GTV) to 45 Gy with daily adaptive planning. Imaging was acquired again after initial planning (verification scan), and immediately after treatment (post-treatment scan). Prior to beam-on, additional adjustments were made on the verification scan. Contours were retrospectively adjusted on verification and post-treatment scans, and the daily plan recalculated on these scans to estimate the true dose delivered. RESULTS The median prostate D95% for plan 1, 2 and 3 was 40.3 Gy, 40.5 Gy and 40.3 Gy and DIL D95% was 45.7 Gy, 45.2 Gy and 44.6 Gy, respectively. Bladder filling was associated with reduced GTV coverage (p = 0.03, plan 1 vs 2) and prostate coverage (p = 0.03, plan 2 vs 3). The D0.035 cc constraint was exceeded on verification and post-treatment plans in 24 % and 33 % of fractions for the urethra, 31 % and 45 % for the bladder, and 35 % and 25 % for the rectum, respectively. CONCLUSION MR-Linac guided, daily adaptive SBRT with focal boosting of the GTV yields acceptable planned and delivered dosimetry. Adaptive planning with a MR-Linac may reliably deliver the prescribed dose to the intended tumor target.
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