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Chen Q, Xu Y, Dong H, Bai W, Zeng X. Unraveling the relationships between processing conditions and PhIP formation in chemical model system and roast pork patty via principal component analysis. Food Chem X 2024; 22:101404. [PMID: 38707784 PMCID: PMC11068533 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazole [4,5-b] pyridine (PhIP) is one of the higher levels of HAAs produced in protein foods during heating. The effects of heating temperature, time, and concentration of precursors on PhIP and related substances in the chemical model system and roast pork patty were studied using HPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS and GC-MS. Results showed that the heating temperature, time, and concentration of four precursors significantly affected PhIP and its related substances (P < 0.05) in the chemical model system. Among them, PhIP production was greatest when heating at 200 min with 220 °C, and the concentrations of phenylalanine, creatinine, glucose, and creatine added were 10, 20, 20, and 20 mmol/L, respectively. Moreover, as the fat proportion of roast pork patties increased, PhIP and its intermediate-phenylacetaldehyde concentrations increased substantially (P < 0.05). PCA results showed that the samples of PhIP and related substances gradually dispersed as the temperature and time increased, and there were obvious effects among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Hao Dong
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Weidong Bai
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Xiaofang Zeng
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China
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2
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Yu D, Li Y, Jiang D, Kong F. Inhibitory effects of cassiae semen extract on the formation of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b] pyridine (PhIP) in model system. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1407007. [PMID: 38903617 PMCID: PMC11188693 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1407007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction 2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazole [4,5-b] pyridine (PhIP), a heterocyclic amine (HAA), is found in meat products heated at high temperatures. However, PhIP is a mutagenic and potential carcinogenic compound. Cassiae semen, a type of medicine and food homology plant, is abundant in China and has been less applied for inhibiting heterocyclic amines. Methods To investigate the inhibitory effect of cassiae semen extract on PhIP formation within a model system and elucidate the inhibitory mechanism, an ultrasonic-assisted method with 70% ethanol was used to obtain cassiae semen extract, which was added to a model system (0.6 mmol of phenylalanine: creatinine, 1:1). PhIP was analyzed by LC-MS to determine inhibitory effect. The byproducts of the system and the mechanism of PhIP inhibition were verified by adding the extract to a model mixture of phenylacetaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde and creatinine. Results The results indicated that PhIP production decreased as the concentration of cassiae semen extract increased, and the highest inhibition rate was 91.9%. Byproduct (E), with a mass-charge ratio of m/z 199.9, was detected in the phenylalanine and creatinine model system but was not detected in the other systems. The cassiae semen extract may have reacted with phenylalanine to produce byproduct (E), which prevented the degradation of phenylalanine by the Strecker reaction to produce phenylacetaldehyde. Discussion Cassiae semen extract consumed phenylalanine, which is the precursor for PhIP, thus inhibiting the formation of phenylacetaldehyde and ultimately inhibiting PhIP formation. The main objective of this study was to elucidate the mechanism by which cassiae semen inhibit PhIP formation and establish a theoretical and scientific foundation for practical control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | | | | | - Fanlei Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
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3
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Zhou Y, Zhai S, Yao G, Li J, Li Z, Ma Z, Ma Q. Formation and prediction of heterocyclic amines and N-nitrosamines in smoked sausages using back propagation artificial neural network. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:4083-4096. [PMID: 38323696 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterocyclic amines (HAs) and N-nitrosamines (NAs) are formed easily during the thermal processing of food, and epidemiological studies have demonstrated that consuming HAs and NAs increases the risk of cancer. However, there are few studies on the application of back propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) models to simultaneously predict the content of HAs and NAs in sausages. This study aimed to investigate the effects of cooking time and temperature, smoking time and temperature, and fat-to-lean ratio on the formation of HAs and NAs in smoked sausages, and to predict their total content based on the BP-ANN model. RESULTS With an increase in processing time, processing temperature and fat ratio, the content of HAs and NAs in smoked sausages increased significantly, while the content of HA precursors and nitrite residues decreased significantly. The optimal network topology of the BP-ANN model was 5-11-2, the correlation coefficient values for training, validation, testing and all datasets were 0.99228, 0.99785, 0.99520 and 0.99369, respectively, and the mean squared error value of the best validation performance was 0.11326. The bias factor and the accuracy factor were within acceptable limits, and the predicted values approximated the true values, indicating that the model has good predictive performance. CONCLUSION The contents of HAs and NAs in smoked sausages were significantly influenced by the cooking conditions, smoking conditions and fat ratio. The BP-ANN model has high application value in predicting the contents of HAs and NAs in sausages, which provides a theoretical basis for the suppression of carcinogen formation. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shimin Zhai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guangming Yao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jihong Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zongping Li
- National Drinking Water Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, Jilin, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- High-tech Industry Promotion Center, Jilin, China
| | - Qingshu Ma
- National Drinking Water Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, Jilin, China
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Hidalgo FJ, Zamora R. Carbonyl-trapping by phenolics and the inhibition of the formation of carcinogenic heterocyclic aromatic amines with the structure of aminoimidazoazaarene in beef patties. Food Chem 2023; 425:136505. [PMID: 37276668 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Carcinogenic heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) with the structure of aminoimidazoazaarene (PhIP, MeIQx, IQ, and MeIQ) are produced by reaction of creatin(in)e, ammonia, and reactive carbonyls (phenylacetaldehyde, acrolein, and crotonaldehyde). In an attempt to provide efficient methodologies for HAA reduction in beef patties, this study: identified phloroglucinol as the most efficient phenolic to reduce HAA formation (76-96% inhibition); isolated and characterized by NMR and MS phloroglucinol/phenylcetaldehyde and phloroglucinol/acrolein adducts; and determined by LC-MS/MS adduct formation in beef patties treated with phloroglucinol. Obtained results suggested that addition of trihydroxyphenols (including phloroglucinol) to beef patties should decrease HAA formation. This was confirmed by both immersing beef patties in apple (or pear) juice before cooking (>90% inhibition) and including wheat bran in patty recipe. All these results confirm the key role of reactive carbonyls in the formation of carcinogenic HAAs and propose carbonyl-trapping as a way for controlling HAA formation in food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Hidalgo
- Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, Carretera de Utrera km 1, Campus Universitario - Edificio 46, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Rosario Zamora
- Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, Carretera de Utrera km 1, Campus Universitario - Edificio 46, 41013 Seville, Spain.
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5
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The effects of different cooking methods and spices on the formation of 11 HCAs in chicken wing and pork belly. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Predicting the formation of 2-amino-3-methyl-imidazole[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) in the Maillard reaction model system under various reaction conditions. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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7
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Advantageous Effects of Sumac Usage in Meatball Preparation on Various Quality Criteria and Formation of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) are mutagenic/carcinogenic compounds that can be formed during the cooking process of proteinaceous foods such as meat. Therefore, it is needed to inhibit or reduce their formations in cooked meats. Hereby, the effects of sumac usage (0.5%, w/w) in beef meatball preparation on the formation of HAAs and some quality parameters (water, pH, cooking loss, and lipid oxidation values) of meatballs cooked at 150 and 250 °C were investigated. The sumac usage caused a reduction in pH (p < 0.01), cooking loss (p < 0.05), lipid oxidation level (TBARS, p < 0.01), and total HAA amount (p < 0.05) of the samples. In addition, increasing the cooking temperature significantly decreased the pH value (p < 0.01) and increased the cooking loss (p < 0.05) of the samples. Only one compound, 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo [4,5-ƒ]quinoxaline (MeIQx), from nine different HAAs studied in this study, could be determined, and the levels of the other HAAs studied were lower than their detection limits. On the other hand, MeIQx was not detected in the samples cooked at 150 °C, it was only determined in the control group samples cooked at 250 °C. The sumac usage completely inhibited MeIQx formation in the samples. Due to its positive effect on cooking loss value, lipid oxidation level, and MeIQx formation, it can be suggested to use sumac powder in meatball preparation.
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Bazié BSR, Bougma A, Séré A, Ouilly JT, Sangaré H, Kabré E, Savadogo A, Hounhouigan DJ, Scippo ML, Bassole IHN. Assessment of heterocyclic aromatic amines contents in flamed and braised chicken in Burkina Faso. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278712. [PMID: 36584044 PMCID: PMC9803208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The nutritional status of meat is tarnished by its association with the induced cooking contaminants. The aim of this study was to assess the heterocyclic aromatic amines profile and contents in processed chicken in Burkina Faso. Eight polar and apolar heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) including 2-mino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinolone (IQ), 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4, 3-b]indole (Trp-P1), 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P2), 2-mino-9H-pyrido-[2,3-b]indole (AαC), 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4, 5- ]pyridine (PhIP), 2-amino-3-methyl-9H-pyrido[2,3-b] indole (MeAαC), 2-amino-3,4,8-rimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (4,8-DiMeIQx) and 2-amino-3,8-imethylimidazo[4,5-]quinoxaline (MeIQx) were screened by high performance liquid chromatography from 29 samples of flamed chicken and 66 samples of braised chicken collected in Ouagadougou city. Apolar HAAs and polar HAAs were respectively 12 and 3 times more abundant in flamed chickens (32.66±10 and 3.48±10.39 ng/g, respectively) than in braised chickens (2.70±9.67 and 0.92 ng/g, respectively). The maximum levels of AαC were in the same proportions in flamed (12.01 ng/g) and braised chickens (14.13 ng/g). Flamed chicken had the highest Trp-P1 content (530.31 ng/g). The 4,8-DiMeIQx was not detected in braised chicken. The AαCs were more abundant in flamed than in braised chicken. The profile and the contents of the HAAs in processed chicken are related to cooking methods. Because of the high variability observed on the obtained concentrations, investigations on the contents of precursors in raw chicken, the effect of marinating ingredients on the formation of HAAs are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bazoin Sylvain Raoul Bazié
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire d’Épidémiologie et de Surveillance des agents Transmissibles par les Aliments (LABESTA), Unité de Formation et de la Recherche en Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, École Doctorale Sciences et Technologies, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- * E-mail:
| | - Adjima Bougma
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire d’Épidémiologie et de Surveillance des agents Transmissibles par les Aliments (LABESTA), Unité de Formation et de la Recherche en Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, École Doctorale Sciences et Technologies, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Aminata Séré
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire d’Épidémiologie et de Surveillance des agents Transmissibles par les Aliments (LABESTA), Unité de Formation et de la Recherche en Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, École Doctorale Sciences et Technologies, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Judicael Thomas Ouilly
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire d’Épidémiologie et de Surveillance des agents Transmissibles par les Aliments (LABESTA), Unité de Formation et de la Recherche en Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, École Doctorale Sciences et Technologies, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Hassane Sangaré
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire d’Épidémiologie et de Surveillance des agents Transmissibles par les Aliments (LABESTA), Unité de Formation et de la Recherche en Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, École Doctorale Sciences et Technologies, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Elie Kabré
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Aly Savadogo
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et d’Immunologie Appliquée, Unité de Formation et de la Recherche en Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Djidjoho Joseph Hounhouigan
- Laboratoire de Sciences des Aliments, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Marie-Louise Scippo
- Département des Sciences des Denrées alimentaires, Centre de recherche FARAH–Secteur Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Liège, Belgique
| | - Imaël Henri Nestor Bassole
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire d’Épidémiologie et de Surveillance des agents Transmissibles par les Aliments (LABESTA), Unité de Formation et de la Recherche en Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, École Doctorale Sciences et Technologies, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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9
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Effective method of minimizing the acrylamide and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural formation in french fries by lactic acid fermentation. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01568-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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10
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Chen Y, Xi J, Chen ZN, Fu Y. Effect of Different Roasting Conditions and Coreopsis Extract on Heterocyclic Amine Formation in Roast Lamb Products. J Food Prot 2022; 85:1107-1113. [PMID: 35666603 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Heterocyclic amines (HCAs), which are known carcinogens in thermally processed foods, were investigated in roast lamb patties under various time and temperature conditions. HCAs in lamb products roasted at some temperatures increased with roasting time. An exponential model with a time factor fit well for the production of HCAs. The mean pH and cooking loss at various temperatures were also determined. The mean pH decreased as the temperature increased. Coreopsis extract was added to lamb patties roasted at 230°C for 15 min per side. The amount of coreopsis extract added had a significant effect on HCA development. A weak positive relationship was observed between the antioxidant activity of the lamb patty with the coreopsis extract and the inhibitory effect of coreopsis extract on various HCAs, with a correlation coefficient of 0.14 to 0.44 (P > 0.05). Coreopsis extract containing flavonoids can be a beneficial additive for production of barbecue meat. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Ni Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Fu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
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Pogorzelska-Nowicka E, Kurek M, Hanula M, Wierzbicka A, Półtorak A. Formation of Carcinogens in Processed Meat and Its Measurement with the Usage of Artificial Digestion—A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144665. [PMID: 35889534 PMCID: PMC9322758 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat is a rich source of various nutrients. However, it needs processing before consumption, what in turn generates formation of carcinogenic compounds, i.a., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), nitrosamines (NOCs), and the most mutagenic heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs). It was widely found that many factors affect the content of carcinogens in processed meat. However, it has recently been discovered that after digestion free HAAs are released, which are not detectable before enzymatic treatment. It was established that the highest percentage of carcinogens is released in the small intestine and that its amount can be increased up to 6.6-fold. The change in free HAAs content in analyzed samples was dependent on many factors such as meat type, doneness, particle size of meat, and the enzyme concentration used for digestion. In turn, introduction of bacteria naturally occurring in the human digestive tract into the model significantly decreases total amount of HAAs. Contrary, the addition of food ingredients rich in polyphenols, fiber, and water (pepper powder, onions, apples) increases free HAAs’ release up to 56.06%. Results suggests that in vitro digestion should be an integral step of sample preparation. Artificial digestion introduced before chromatographic analysis will allow to estimate accurately the content of carcinogens in processed meat.
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12
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Effects of Chlorophyll a and b in Reducing Genotoxicity of 2-Amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-F]quinoxaline (MeIQx). BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040602. [PMID: 35453801 PMCID: PMC9028374 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the protective effects of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b (0.5 and 1 µM) against the heterocyclic amine compound 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx, 4.69 µM, 9.38 µM, 23.45 µM) with somatic mutation and recombination test in Drosophila melanogaster are investigated. Chronic applications are performed to transheterozygous larvae with respect to two recessive genes, mwh (multiple wing hair) and flr3 (flare), by using Drosophila strains. The genotoxic effects of MeIQx are primarily determined for third instars larvae. In antigenotoxicity studies, two different application groups are constituted. While for the first group doses of chlorophyll a, b, and MeIQx are given to the third instars larvae simultaneously, for the second group doses of MeIQx are applied at the third instars after doses of chlorophyll a and b are given to at the second instars larvae. Chlorophyll a and b are effective in reducing genotoxic effects of MeIQx by both applications on individuals and it is observed that the pretreatment method is much more effective than the simultaneous one. There are similar results for chlorophyll a and b in efficacy.
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13
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Zhou YJ, Zhang YX, Dong XW. Determination of heterocyclic amines in braised sauce beef and the effects of different cooking conditions on the formation of heterocyclic amines. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:617-627. [PMID: 34148237 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cooked meat is a good source of high-quality protein. However, during long-term cooking of meat, radical-induced lipid and protein oxidation may lead to the formation of poisonous compounds, such as heterocyclic amines (HAs). This work investigated a testing method for HAs and it describes that cooking temperature, cooking time and repeated cooking times have influences on the overall quality of braised sauce beef and the effect of HAs formation. RESULTS The improved method has a good separation effect on nine kinds of HAs. The average recovery of HAs at two spiked levels is between 51.70% and 88.25% (n = 6). The detection limit is 0.025-0.060 ng g-1 , and the limit of quantitation is 0.070-0.160 ng g-1 . Only harman and norharman were detected in samples. Cooking time and cooking temperature will affect the quality and HA content of samples. When the braised sauce beef soup was cooked 20 times, the HA content was the highest - as high as 21.43 ng g-1 . The more times the beef was cooked repeatedly, the higher was the HA content. Under different cooking conditions, glucose has a significant effect on the formation of β-carboline. CONCLUSION We have established a detection method for HAs with good repeatability and accuracy. HAs were more easily formed in braised sauce beef by high temperature, long heating and repeated brine cooking. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Jun Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Xia Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Wen Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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14
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Comparison of the reducing effects of blueberry and propolis extracts on heterocyclic aromatic amines formation in pan fried beef. Meat Sci 2022; 186:108746. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Sun L, Wang Z, Hou J, Fang G, Liu J, Wang S. Detection of heterocyclic amine (PhIP) by fluorescently labelled cucurbit[7]uril. Analyst 2022; 147:2477-2483. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an00495j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A “host–guest” system for 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) detection was designed. This method might be the first quick measurement technique for HCA and may find wide application in food safety detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health of Tianjin, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Zejiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health of Tianjin, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Juan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health of Tianjin, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Guozhen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health of Tianjin, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Jifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health of Tianjin, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health of Tianjin, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
- Research Center of Food Science and Human Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China
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16
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Bulan R, Oz F. Impact of tarragon usage on lipid oxidation and heterocyclic aromatic amine formation in meatball. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Revşan Bulan
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Agriculture Ataturk University Erzurum Turkey
| | - Fatih Oz
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Agriculture Ataturk University Erzurum Turkey
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17
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Heterocyclic amines in cooked meat products, shortcomings during evaluation, factors influencing formation, risk assessment and mitigation strategies. Meat Sci 2021; 184:108693. [PMID: 34775303 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
At this point in time, the evidence of a link between well-done meat intake and the incidence of cancer is stronger than it was 20 years ago. Several cohort and case-control studies have confirmed this evidence, and have shown a higher odd ratio and increased exposure to heterocyclic amines (HCAs) among those who frequently consume red meat. However, in most epidemiological studies, dietary assessment, combined with analytical data, is used to estimate the intake of HCAs, which has many inconsistencies. In addition, there is a lack of findings indicating a substantial correlation between various factors, like types of raw meat, types of meat products, and cooking methods that directly or indirectly influence the occurrence of cancer. Although numerous mitigation strategies have been developed to reduce HCAs levels in meat, there is still a high prevalence of carcinogenesis caused by HCAs in humans. The aim of this review is to summarise conflicting reports, address shortcomings and identify emerging trends of cutting-edge research related to HCAs.
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18
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Olalekan Adeyeye SA, Ashaolu TJ. Heterocyclic Amine Formation and Mitigation in Processed Meat and Meat Products: A Mini-Review. J Food Prot 2021; 84:1868-1877. [PMID: 33956955 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This review provides an assessment of heterocyclic amine (HCA) formation and mitigation in processed meat and meat products. HCAs are formed when amino acids react with creatine during thermal processing of meat and meat products. The formation of HCAs depends on various factors, including the temperature, cooking time, fat contents, and presence of HCA precursors such as water, lipids, and marinades. Additional factors that could affect HCA formation are pH, meat type, and ingredients added during cooking such as antioxidants, amino acids, ions, fat, and sugars, which promote production of HCAs. 2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline, 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline, 2-amino-3-methylimidazo-[4,5-f]quinoline, and 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline are HCAs of importance because of their link to cancer in humans. More than 25 HCAs have been identified in processed foods. Of these, nine HCAs are possible human carcinogens (group 2B) and one is a probable human carcinogen (group 2A). To mitigate HCA generation during heat processing, various techniques have been used, including recipe variations, adjustments of thermal processing conditions, addition of flavorings, pretreatments such as microwave heating, and addition of naturally occurring and artificial antioxidants. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Ayofemi Olalekan Adeyeye
- Department for Management of Science & Technology Development and Faculty of Environment and Labor Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tolulope Joshua Ashaolu
- Institute of Research and Development and Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
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19
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Nadeem HR, Akhtar S, Ismail T, Sestili P, Lorenzo JM, Ranjha MMAN, Jooste L, Hano C, Aadil RM. Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines in Meat: Formation, Isolation, Risk Assessment, and Inhibitory Effect of Plant Extracts. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071466. [PMID: 34202792 PMCID: PMC8307633 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) are potent carcinogenic compounds induced by the Maillard reaction in well-done cooked meats. Free amino acids, protein, creatinine, reducing sugars and nucleosides are major precursors involved in the production of polar and non-polar HAAs. The variety and yield of HAAs are linked with various factors such as meat type, heating time and temperature, cooking method and equipment, fresh meat storage time, raw material and additives, precursor’s presence, water activity, and pH level. For the isolation and identification of HAAs, advanced chromatography and spectroscopy techniques have been employed. These potent mutagens are the etiology of several types of human cancers at the ng/g level and are 100- to 2000-fold stronger than that of aflatoxins and benzopyrene, respectively. This review summarizes previous studies on the formation and types of potent mutagenic and/or carcinogenic HAAs in cooked meats. Furthermore, occurrence, risk assessment, and factors affecting HAA formation are discussed in detail. Additionally, sample extraction procedure and quantification techniques to determine these compounds are analyzed and described. Finally, an overview is presented on the promising strategy to mitigate the risk of HAAs by natural compounds and the effect of plant extracts containing antioxidants to reduce or inhibit the formation of these carcinogenic substances in cooked meats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Rehan Nadeem
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (H.R.N.); (T.I.)
| | - Saeed Akhtar
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (H.R.N.); (T.I.)
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (J.M.L.); (M.M.A.N.R.); (R.M.A.)
| | - Tariq Ismail
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (H.R.N.); (T.I.)
| | - Piero Sestili
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy;
| | - Jose Manuel Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia Nº 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (J.M.L.); (M.M.A.N.R.); (R.M.A.)
| | - Muhammad Modassar Ali Nawaz Ranjha
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (J.M.L.); (M.M.A.N.R.); (R.M.A.)
| | - Leonie Jooste
- Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Communication, Arts and Sciences, Canadian University Dubai, Dubai 117781, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA USC1328 Université ď Orléans, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France;
| | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (J.M.L.); (M.M.A.N.R.); (R.M.A.)
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20
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Gao JX, Qin L, Wen SY, Huang XH, Dong XP, Zhou DY, Zhu BW. Simultaneous Determination of Acrylamide, 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural, and Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines in Thermally Processed Foods by Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with a Q Exactive HF-X Mass Spectrometer. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2325-2336. [PMID: 33555856 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a rapid and reliable method based on ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q Exactive HF-X mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QE/MS) was established for the simultaneous quantification and validation of acrylamide, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and 14 heterocyclic aromatic amines in thermally processed foods. With the optimization of the pretreatment method, all 16 hazardous compounds with different polarities were simultaneously extracted and purified by one-step purification. By studying various acquisition modes in detail, full MS + PRM detection using an electrospray ionization source in the positive mode gives an excellent-shaped chromatographic peak and thereby achieves a better quantitative ability for analytes in the matrix. This method demonstrated good quantification recovery in the range of 68.85-146.42%. The limits of quantification were within the range from 0.1 to 50 ng/mL. With the method proposed, the simultaneous determination of 16 hazardous compounds in different thermally processed foods was successfully applied. The all-fragment-ion approaches at high resolution have the ability to reduce false-positive peak detections arising from peak alignment software in the detection of samples significantly. The proposed isotope dilution UHPLC-QE/MS method was validated and demonstrated to be sensitive, accurate, and precise for the simultaneous quantification of multiple contaminants in one injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xuan Gao
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Lei Qin
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Shu-Yao Wen
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xu-Hui Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Dong
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Da-Yong Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Bei-Wei Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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21
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Oz E. The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic aromatic amines in barbecued meatballs formulated with different animal fats. Food Chem 2021; 352:129378. [PMID: 33667919 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The formations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) in barbecued meatballs formulated with different animal fats [beef intermuscular and/or sheep tail (ST)] were investigated. Meatballs were also analyzed in terms of some qualitative and quantitative properties. From perspective of nutrition, meatballs formulated with ST fat at level 10% contained the highest ratios of linoleic acid (2.29%), ∑PUFA (2.52%), and ∑PUFA/∑SFA (0.05). Animal fat type had no significant effect on total HAAs amount of the samples and total HAAs amount was ranged between 1.35 and 2.91 ng/g. On the other hand, the usage of different animal fat significantly affected amount of BaP and PAH4, and the levels of BaP and PAH4 were ranged between 2.33-4.30 and 8.41-15.48 ng/g, respectively. From perspective of health risk, it can be noted that the meatballs formulated with ST fat at level 10% are more risky due to their total amounts of food toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Oz
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
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22
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Yan XT, Zhang Y, Yang ML, Feng XS, Zhang F. An accurate, rapid, and sensitive method for simultaneous determination of four typical heterocyclic amines in roasted pork patties: Application in the study of inhibitory effects of astaxanthin. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:1833-1842. [PMID: 33586849 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202001229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Heterocyclic aromatic amines, as a group of mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds, have gained worldwide concern. In this study, an accurate, rapid, and sensitive confirmation and quantification method of four major heterocyclic aromatic amines in roasted pork was developed based on Q-Orbitrap along with Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe extraction. The limit of detections and limit of quantitations were found to be 0.2-1.2 μg/kg and 0.6-3.5 μg/kg, respectively, revealing the high sensitivity of this method. Obtained results showed recoveries ranging from 78.1 to 97.4%, depending on the different heterocyclic aromatic amines and spiked levels. Precision was in the range of 2.6-4.5% for four heterocyclic aromatic amines at different levels. In addition, the developed method had been applied to investigate the inhibitory effects of astaxanthin on the above-mentioned heterocyclic aromatic amines in roasted pork. The amount of astaxanthin with the best inhibitory effects was 7.5 mg (0.0375%), which led to significant reduction in heterocyclic aromatic amines levels over 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ting Yan
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing, P.R. China.,School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Min-Li Yang
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing, P.R. China
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23
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Zhao T, Xi J, Zhang C, Ma Y, Wang X. Using Adinandra nitida leaf extract to prevent heterocyclic amine formation in fried chicken patties. RSC Adv 2021; 11:6831-6841. [PMID: 35423193 PMCID: PMC8694915 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09790j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adinandra nitida leaf extract (ANE) is rich in phenols and flavonoids. In this study, the effects of ANE as an additive on the formation of major heterocyclic amines (HCAs), namely, PhIP, norharman and harman, in both chemical model systems and fried chicken patties were explored. In model systems, treatment with various amounts of ANE (0, 15, 30, 45, 60 mg) led to the most effective inhibition of PhIP, norharman and harman, with levels reduced by 47.88%, 49.73% and 29.63% when treated with 45 mg, 60 mg and 60 mg, respectively. Further, the effect of diverse dosages of ANE (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6%, w/w) on the formation of HCAs in chicken patties fried at 170 °C and 190 °C was evaluated. Statistics showed that the temperature significantly increased the formation of HCAs. Total HCA contents of patties fried at 170 °C and 190 °C ranged from 1.52 ng g-1 to 2.52 ng g-1 and from 6.05 ng g-1 to 13.76 ng g-1, respectively. The inhibitory efficacy of various concentrations of ANE on the total HCA content was higher (38.95-56.03%) in patties fried at 190 °C than at 170 °C (18.65-40.08%). External parts of the meat patties showed higher HCA contents than the interior. The current study presents evidence that ANE at moderate dosages can reduce the formation of HCAs in fried chicken. By extension it suggests that ANE has potential applications as a natural antioxidant for preventing the formation of HCAs in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianpei Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 China +86-371-67758025 +86-371-67758025
| | - Jun Xi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 China +86-371-67758025 +86-371-67758025
| | - Chenxia Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 China +86-371-67758025 +86-371-67758025
| | - Yuxiang Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 China +86-371-67758025 +86-371-67758025
| | - Xuede Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 China +86-371-67758025 +86-371-67758025
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24
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Yan Y, You FH, Zeng MM, Chen J, Huang JJ, Jiang J. Evaluating the effects of temperature and time on heterocyclic aromatic amine profiles in roasted pork using combined UHPLC-MS/MS and multivariate analysis. Food Res Int 2021; 141:110134. [PMID: 33642001 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) combined with principal component analysis (PCA) were used to investigate the effects of process conditions on the profiles of carcinogenic and mutagenic heterocyclic aromatic amine (HAA) in the pork roasted at 175 °C, 200 °C, 225 °C and 250 °C for 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 min. Twelve HAAs from four categories, including carboline (Norharman, Harman, and Phe-p-1), imidazopyridine (PhIP, 4'-OH-PhIP, DMIP, and 1,5,6-TMIP), imidazoquinoline (IQ, IQ [4,5-b], and MeIQ), and imidazoquinoxaline (MeIQx and 4,8-DiMeIQx), were detected, quantified and used to compose the HAA profiles in roasted pork. After being Analyzed by PCA, the distributions of HAA profiles from different temperature on the PCA score plot demonstrated that there are significant differences among the HAA profiles from different temperatures. The loading plot also showed that PhIP, 4'-OH-PhIP, IQ[4,5-b], and MeIQ were mainly responsible for the difference. The profiles from higher temperature distribute more scattered than the lower ones, illustrating that the time effects on the HAA profiles from higher temperature are stronger than the lower ones. Comparing the score and loading plots of different heating times, the diversities of the HAA profiles at different temperatures increased under prolonged heating because of the changingpyridines levels. The results of PCA that comparing the HAA from different categories displayed that the formation features of four categories HAAs were significantly differed because of their formation discrepancy under low temperatures and short-term roasting. Using HAA profiles as an entirety, these findings obtained in this study are more close to the real process of HAA formation in roasted pork, and make the complex effects of temperature and time on multiple HAA formations more simply to be concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Institute of Agro-products Processing, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Feng-Hui You
- Institute of Agro-products Processing, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Mao-Mao Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jing-Jing Huang
- Institute of Agro-products Processing, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Institute of Agro-products Processing, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science, Hefei 230031, China.
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Li Y, Quan W, Wang J, He Z, Qin F, Wang Z, Zeng M, Chen J. Effects of ten vegetable oils on heterocyclic amine profiles in roasted beef patties using UPLC-MS/MS combined with principal component analysis. Food Chem 2021; 347:128996. [PMID: 33508588 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Soybean oil (SBO), rapeseed oil (RSO), peanut oil (PO), corn oil (CO), olive oil (OO), sunflower oil (SFO), rice germ oil (RGO), walnut oil (WO), torreya seed oil (TSO), and grapeseed oil (GSO) were used to investigate the formation of heterocyclic amines (HAs) in roasted beef patties. Seven HAs, including 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx), 2-amino-3,4-dimethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinolone (MeIQ), 2-amino-3-methyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (IQx), 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (4,8-DiMeIQx), 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), 1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole (harman), and 9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole (norharman) were detected in control patties and patties with vegetable oils. GSO, SFO, and WO greatly reduced the content of PhIP and MeIQ. 1.25%TSO and 3.75% RGO showed higher inhibition effects on the more strongly mutagenic compounds (PhIP, MeIQ, IQx, 4,8-DiMeIQx, MeIQx). SBO, PO, and RSO promoted imidazoquin(ox)aline (MeIQ, MeIQx, 4,8-DiMeIQx, and IQx) and β-carboline (harman and norharman); 1.25% SBO had the most significant promoting effect on total HA. This could be useful for the reduction of HA by selecting oils during cooking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Junhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhiyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Fang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Maomao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Xue C, He Z, Qin F, Chen J, Zeng M. Effects of amides from pungent spices on the free and protein-bound heterocyclic amine profiles of roast beef patties by UPLC–MS/MS and multivariate statistical analysis. Food Res Int 2020; 135:109299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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27
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A novel magnetic solid-phase extraction method for detection of 14 heterocyclic aromatic amines by UPLC-MS/MS in meat products. Food Chem 2020; 337:127630. [PMID: 32791432 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The current study developed a cheap and effective method for the simultaneous extraction of 14 heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) in food matrix. Core-shell Fe3O4@PDA nanoparticles were constructed and acted as the magnetic solid-phase extraction adsorbent to separate and purify HAAs from meat products for the first time. Then, UPLC-MS/MS technique was employed to identify and quantify the HAAs easily. Fe3O4@PDA nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized successfully. Totally 14 HAAs were completely separated in 19.99 min with good regression coefficients. LODs and LOQs were in the range of 0.013-0.247 ng/g and 0.056-0.803 ng/g, respectively. The intra-day precisions and inter-day precisions were below 9%. Except for IQ[4,5-b], Phe-p-1, PhIP, other 11 types of HAAs (DMIP, 1,5,6-TMIP, IQ, IQx, MeIQ, MeIQx, 7,8-DiMeIQx, AαC, MeAαC, Harman, Norharman) could acquire relatively high recoveries (71.06%-108.49%). The proposed method was successfully devoted to the evaluation of HAAs levels in 8 commercial meat products to verify the adaptability.
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28
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Preventive potential and mechanism of dietary polyphenols on the formation of heterocyclic aromatic amines. FOOD FRONTIERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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29
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Pan T, Wang Z, Chen BH, Hui T, Zhang D. Frying oils with lower levels of saturated fatty acids induce less heterocyclic amine formation in meat floss (boiled, shredded and fried pork). Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teng Pan
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro‐Product Processing Ministry of Agriculture Institute of Food Science and Technology No. 1 Nong‐Da South Road Hai‐Dian District Beijing 100193 China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro‐Product Processing Ministry of Agriculture Institute of Food Science and Technology No. 1 Nong‐Da South Road Hai‐Dian District Beijing 100193 China
| | - Bing Huei Chen
- Department of Food Science Fu Jen Catholic University 242 New Taipei City Taiwan China
| | - Teng Hui
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro‐Product Processing Ministry of Agriculture Institute of Food Science and Technology No. 1 Nong‐Da South Road Hai‐Dian District Beijing 100193 China
| | - Dequan Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro‐Product Processing Ministry of Agriculture Institute of Food Science and Technology No. 1 Nong‐Da South Road Hai‐Dian District Beijing 100193 China
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Mirsadeghi H, Alishahi A, Ojagh M, Pourashouri P. The effect of different kinds of chitosans and cooking methods on the formation of heterocyclic aromatic amines in huso (
Huso huso
) fillet. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hojat Mirsadeghi
- Department of fisheries Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Gorgan Iran
| | - Alireza Alishahi
- Department of fisheries Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Gorgan Iran
| | - Mahdi Ojagh
- Department of fisheries Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Gorgan Iran
| | - Parastoo Pourashouri
- Department of fisheries Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Gorgan Iran
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Suleman R, Wang Z, Hui T, Pan T, Liu H, Zhang D. Utilization of Asian spices as a mitigation strategy to control heterocyclic aromatic amines in charcoal grilled lamb patties. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raheel Suleman
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐products Processing, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing P.R. China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐products Processing, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing P.R. China
| | - Teng Hui
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐products Processing, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing P.R. China
| | - Teng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐products Processing, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing P.R. China
| | - Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐products Processing, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing P.R. China
| | - Dequan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐products Processing, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing P.R. China
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Inhibitory effects of black cumin on the formation of heterocyclic aromatic amines in meatball. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221680. [PMID: 31454384 PMCID: PMC6711510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of black cumin usage on some qualitative properties and formation of heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) in meatball production was investigated. It was found that black cumin usage rate, cooking process and temperature had a significant effect (p<0,01) on the water content, pH, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values of meatballs. On the other hand, black cumin usage significantly (p<0,01) reduced the water content and cooking loss. The water content and cooking loss of the meatballs decreased with increases in the usage rate. While IQx, IQ, MeIQ, 7,8-DiMeIQx, 4,8-DiMeIQx, AαC, and MeAαC could not be detected in meatballs, varying amounts of MeIQx (up to 1,53 ng/g) and PhIP (up to 1,22 ng/g) were determined. The total amounts of HAAs ranged between non-detected (nd) to 2,75 ng/g. Both the usage rate and cooking temperature had a very significant effect (p<0,01) on the total contents of HAAs. The total amounts of HAAs were decreased in correlation with the increases in the usage rate; the proportion which is increased when the cooking temperature increased as well. Results of the present study suggested that addition of black cumin may have a substantial role in decreasing the TBARS value, cooking loss, and HAA contents during meatball production. Therefore, using of black cumin in meatball production has been suggested.
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Barzegar F, Kamankesh M, Mohammadi A. Heterocyclic aromatic amines in cooked food: A review on formation, health risk-toxicology and their analytical techniques. Food Chem 2019; 280:240-254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Nuray M, Oz F. The effect of using different types and rates of onion-water extract in meatball production on the formation of heterocyclic aromatic amines. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:3538-3547. [PMID: 30623446 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of using different types (yellow, white and purple) and rates (0.25%, 0.50% and 0.75%) of onion-water extract in meatball production on the various quality criteria of meatballs and the formation of heterocyclic aromatic amines (HCAs) was investigated. RESULTS It was determined that cooking process caused a reduction in the water content of meatballs as well as an increase in pH values. MeIQx, 7,8-DiMeIQx, 4,8-DiMeIQx, PhIP, AαC and MeAαC could not be detected in any of the analyzed meatballs, while IQx, IQ and MeIQ were determined in some of the samples. CONCLUSION The use of 0.25% and 0.50% white onion-water extract in meatball preparation inhibited the formation of IQx and IQ that were identified in the control group, but their quantities could not be determined. However, the use of water extract of varying types of onions in meatball preparation increased the total HCA content due to the increase of the MeIQ formation. In addition, it was determined that as the rate of onion-water extract for varying types of onions increased, the total HCA amount also increased. The total HCA amount of the meatballs varied between 0.05 and 0.1 ng g-1 . © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Nuray
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatih Oz
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Xenobiotics Formed during Food Processing: Their Relation with the Intestinal Microbiota and Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20082051. [PMID: 31027304 PMCID: PMC6514608 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20082051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The colonic epithelium is exposed to a mixture of compounds through diet, among which some are procarcinogens, whereas others have a protective effect. Therefore, the net impact of these compounds on human health depends on the overall balance between all factors involved. Strong scientific evidence has demonstrated the relationship between nitrosamines (NA), heterocyclic amines (HCAs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are the major genotoxins derived from cooking and food processing, and cancer. The mechanisms of the relationship between dietary toxic xenobiotics and cancer risk are not yet well understood, but it has been suggested that differences in dietary habits affect the colonic environment by increasing or decreasing the exposure to mutagens directly and indirectly through changes in the composition and activity of the gut microbiota. Several changes in the proportions of specific microbial groups have been proposed as risk factors for the development of neoplastic lesions and the enrichment of enterotoxigenic microbial strains in stool. In addition, changes in the gut microbiota composition and activity promoted by diet may modify the faecal genotoxicity/cytotoxicity, which can be associated with a higher or lower risk of developing cancer. Therefore, the interaction between dietary components and intestinal bacteria may be a modifiable factor for the development of colorectal cancer in humans and deserves more attention in the near future.
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36
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Esfahani Mehr A, Hosseini SE, Seyadain Ardebili SM. Effects of nutmeg and ginger essential oils and their nanoemulsions on the formation of heterocyclic aromatic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in beef patties during 90 days freezing storage. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00125-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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37
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Ekiz E, Oz F. The effects of different frying oils on the formation of heterocyclic aromatic amines in meatballs and the changes in fatty acid compositions of meatballs and frying oils. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:1509-1518. [PMID: 30141529 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of different frying oils (sunflower, hazelnut, canola, commercially mixed, corn, riviera olive, and natural extra virgin olive) on the formation of heterocyclic aromatic amines (HCAs) in meatballs, and the changes in fatty acid composition of meatballs and frying oils before and after deep-fat frying, were determined. RESULTS Frying oils had a very significant effect (P < 0.01) on fatty acid composition and the total HCA content of meatballs. It was determined, in meat, intermuscular fat, meatballs, and all of the different frying oils, that the most common saturated fatty acids (SFAs) were palmitic acid and stearic acid, the most common monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) was oleic acid, and the most common polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) was linoleic acid. Only 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) was detected in deep-fat fried meatballs, whereas other HCAs (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (IQx), 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ), 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (MeIQ), 2-amino-3,7,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (7,8-DiMeIQx), 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (4,8-DiMeIQx), 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), 2-amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (AαC) and 2-amino-3-methyl-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (MeAαC)) could not be detected. The total amount of HCAs in the meatballs ranged between 30.43 and 43.71 ng g-1 . CONCLUSION The results of the present study showed that MeIQx could be formed in deep-fat fried meatballs with different frying oils. The lowest MeIQx content was found in meatballs fried in hazelnut oil and the highest MeIQx content was found in meatballs fried in commercially mixed oil. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Ekiz
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatih Oz
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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38
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Chen J, He Z, Qin F, Chen J, Cao D, Guo F, Zeng M. Inhibitory profiles of spices against free and protein-bound heterocyclic amines of roast beef patties as revealed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and principal component analysis. Food Funct 2018; 8:3938-3950. [PMID: 28933794 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00935f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The effects of various levels of chili pepper, Sichuan pepper, and black pepper on the amounts of 17 heterocyclic amines (HAs) from seven categories of both free and protein-bound states in roast beef patties were assessed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry combined with principal component analysis. Three groups of HA, including imidazopyridines (DMIP), imidazoquinoxalines (MeIQx and 4,8-MeIQx), and β-carbolines (norharman and harman), were detected and quantified in both their free and protein-bound states, whereas PhIP was detected only in its free state, and imidazoquinolines (IQ, IQ[4,5-b], and MeIQ), α-carbolines (AαC and MeAαC), and phenylpyridines (Phe-P-1) were detected only in their protein-bound states. The results demonstrate that the peppers at all three levels had significant inhibitory effects on free PhIP, DMIP, MeIQx, and 4,8-DiMeIQx and could promote free norharman. Harman was significantly suppressed by chili pepper and black pepper, but enhanced by Sichuan pepper. All 11 protein-bound HAs, with the exception of IQ, IQ[4,5-b], and MeIQx with added chili pepper, were significantly reduced by the three peppers. The total amounts of the free and protein-bound states of all 11 HAs (1692.4 ± 78.9 ng g-1), imidazopyridines (5.5 ± 0.2 ng g-1), imidazoquinolines (7.2 ± 0.2 ng g-1), imidazoquinoxalines (6.9 ± 0.2 ng g-1), α-carbolines (20.1 ± 0.4 ng g-1), and β-carbolines (1651.7 ± 79.5 ng g-1) were suppressed by each level of all of the three peppers except for 0.5% and 1.0% chili pepper. Our findings may facilitate the inhibition of HA formation in the processing of meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Pouzou JG, Costard S, Zagmutt FJ. Probabilistic estimates of heterocyclic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons concentrations in meats and breads applicable to exposure assessments. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 114:346-360. [PMID: 29448089 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Random effect meta-regressions were constructed to estimate concentrations of two heterocyclic amines (HCA) and eight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in meat and breads. Eighteen HCA studies and nine PAH studies of food concentration were assembled. Concentration was computed for beef, poultry, pork, and seafood, and bread. Fixed effect predictors included cooking time, form of the food, cooking method, interaction between form and cooking method, temperature at which the food was cooked, fuel of the flame source, percentage of fat, and other elements. Meat type was significant to all HCAs but only three of the PAHs. Cooking method or an interaction between cooking method and food form was significant in all the overall models for each compound, and 80% of models created for stratifications of the data based on meat type. Improvement on compilations such as the Computerized Heterocyclic Amines Resource for Research in Epidemiology of Disease (CHARRED) database comes from inclusion of additional studies, PAH compounds, more generalizable food categories, more cooking methods (such as smoking), and addition of seafood. Meta-regression allows parameters to be estimated with separation of between-study heterogeneity, and extrapolation of exposures to more foods. Resulting uncertainty estimates are useful in a probabilistic exposure assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane G Pouzou
- EpiX Analytics LLC, 117 E. Mountain Ave, Ste 225, Fort Collins, CO, 80524, USA.
| | - Solenne Costard
- EpiX Analytics LLC, 117 E. Mountain Ave, Ste 225, Fort Collins, CO, 80524, USA
| | - Francisco J Zagmutt
- EpiX Analytics LLC, 117 E. Mountain Ave, Ste 225, Fort Collins, CO, 80524, USA
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Dietary Factors and Female Breast Cancer Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9121331. [PMID: 29215604 PMCID: PMC5748781 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer in females and has become a major global health priority. This prospective cohort study investigated the association of dietary factors, including food items and dietary habits, with the risk of breast cancer in Korean women. Study participants were women aged 30 years or older, recruited from the National Cancer Center in South Korea between August 2002 and May 2007. They were followed until December 2014 using the Korea Central Cancer Registry to identify breast cancer cases. Among 5046 non-pre-diagnosed cancer participants, 72 breast cancer cases were prospectively identified. Participants with breast cancer had a significantly higher educational level (college or higher: 58.3% vs. 39.5%, p = 0.01), were more likely to have ever smoked (22.2% vs. 7.8%, p < 0.001), and were more likely to have a history of benign breast tumors (10% vs. 4%, p = 0.02) than non-cases. Consumption of grilled meat conferred a significantly higher risk of breast cancer in all women (hazard ratio (HR) 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–2.85) and in postmenopausal women (HR 3.06, 95% CI 1.31–7.15). High-cholesterol food intake was associated with a higher risk in all women (HR 1.69, 95% CI 1.01–2.82). Irregular meal intake was associated with an elevated risk in all women (HR 2.19, 95% CI 1.20–3.98, p for trend = 0.01) and in premenopausal women (HR 2.35, 95% CI 1.13–4.91, p for trend = 0.03). Our findings suggest that grilled meat and high-cholesterol food intake and irregular eating habits may be associated with a higher risk of breast cancer. Further studies with longer follow-up periods that include information on portion size, hormone receptor status, carcinogen levels in grilled meat, and a classification of foods by source are required.
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Tengilimoglu-Metin MM, Kizil M. Reducing effect of artichoke extract on heterocyclic aromatic amine formation in beef and chicken breast meat. Meat Sci 2017; 134:68-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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42
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Lu F, Kuhnle GK, Cheng Q. Vegetable oil as fat replacer inhibits formation of heterocyclic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in reduced fat pork patties. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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43
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Tengilimoglu-Metin MM, Hamzalioglu A, Gokmen V, Kizil M. Inhibitory effect of hawthorn extract on heterocyclic aromatic amine formation in beef and chicken breast meat. Food Res Int 2017; 99:586-595. [PMID: 28784521 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study focused on the inhibitory effect of different levels of hawthorn extract (0, 0.5, and 1%) on the formation of heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) in beef and chicken breast cooked by either pan-cooking or oven-cooking. All meat samples were cooked at three different temperatures (150, 200, and 250°C) and the levels of twelve HAAs were assessed (IQ, IQx, MeIQ, MeIQx, 4,8-DiMeIQx, 7,8-DiMeIQx, PhIP, harman, norharman, AαC, MeAαC, and Trp-P-2). Varying levels of IQ (up to 4.47ng/g), IQx (up to 0.69ng/g), MeIQ (up to 0.82ng/g), MeIQx (up to 1.01ng/g), 4,8-DiMeIQx (up to 0.10ng/g), 7,8-DiMeIQx (up to 0.23ng/g), PhIP (up to 0.75ng/g), harman (up to 2.15ng/g), norharman (up to 1.08ng/g), AαC (up to 1.86ng/g), MeAαC (up to 0.48ng/g), and Trp-P-2 (up to 12.88ng/g), were detected. Samples cooked at 150°C had very low amounts of HAAs, and the levels of HAAs increased gradually when the cooking temperature rose from 150 to 250°C. The total HAA content in chicken breast and beef ranged between not detectable to 17.60ng/g, and not detectable to 11.38ng/g, respectively. The inhibitory effects of hawthorn extract at 0.5% and 1% on total HAAs levels were found to be 12-100% and 19-97% in chicken breast, respectively, and 42-100% and 20-35% in beef, respectively. This study demonstrated that hawthorn extracts at 0.5% and 1% could mitigate HAA formation, especially at high cooking temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aytul Hamzalioglu
- Food Quality and Safety (FoQuS) Research Group, Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Vural Gokmen
- Food Quality and Safety (FoQuS) Research Group, Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Mevlude Kizil
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06100, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey.
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44
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Xiong YL. Inhibition of hazardous compound formation in muscle foods by antioxidative phytophenols. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1398:37-46. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Youling L. Xiong
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky
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Chen J, He Z, Qin F, Chen J, Zeng M. Formation of Free and Protein-Bound Heterocyclic Amines in Roast Beef Patties Assessed by UPLC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:4493-4499. [PMID: 28513160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of different roasting temperatures on the amounts of 17 heterocyclic amines (HAs) from seven categories of both free and protein-bound states in roast beef patties was assessed using an ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method. There were increased amounts and more types of HAs detected at higher roasting temperatures. Nine free HAs were detected at 250 °C, including PhIP (14.34 ± 0.36 ng/g), DMIP (1.02 ± 0.07 ng/g), 1,5,6-TMIP (1.70 ± 0.08 ng/g), MeIQ (0.36 ± 0.01 ng/g), IQx (0.37 ± 0.04 ng/g), MeIQx (9.94 ± 0.61 ng/g), 4,8-DiMeIQx (0.90 ± 0.05 ng/g), norharman (6.03 ± 0.30 ng/g), and harman (2.60 ± 0.09 ng/g). Also, 37.32 ng/g of total free HAs was generated. Twelve protein-bound HAs were detected in roast beef patties at 250 °C, including PhIP (1.70 ± 0.13 ng/g), DMIP (2.33 ± 0.25 ng/g), 1,5,6-TMIP (3.62 ± 0.49 ng/g), MeIQ (5.47 ± 0.18 ng/g), IQ[4,5-b] (0.70 ± 0.03 ng/g) MeIQx (4.03 ± 0.41 ng/g), 4,8-DiMeIQx (0.67 ± 0.09 ng/g), MeAαC (19.51 ± 1.12 ng/g), AαC (2.91 ± 0.45 ng/g), norharman (1304.96 ± 110.73 ng/g), harman (400.85 ± 25.29 ng/g), and Phe-P-1 (0.81 ± 0.06 ng/g). The highest amount of protein-bound HAs was 2913.31 ng/g at 175 °C. PhIP tended to exist in a free state, whereas MeIQ, harman, and norharman tended to exist in a protein-bound state. Furthermore, Phe-P-1, MeAαC, and AαC were detected only in a protein-bound state. These results could be useful for evaluating the exposure to HAs in a daily diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhiyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Fang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Maomao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, China
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Yang L, Zheng Z, Qian C, Wu J, Liu Y, Guo S, Li G, Liu M, Wang X, Kaplan DL. Curcumin-functionalized silk biomaterials for anti-aging utility. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 496:66-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.01.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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47
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Sharifi M, Bashtani M, Naserian AA, Farhangfar H, Emami A. The effect of grapeseed oil on performance, rumen fermentation, antioxidant status and subcutaneous adipose fatty acid profile in lambs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:157-165. [PMID: 28444841 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was carried out to examine the effect of grapeseed oil (GSO) on performance, rumen fermentation, antioxidant status and subcutaneous adipose fatty acid (FA) profile in lambs. Eighteen Baluchi lambs, 196 ± 14 days of age and 39.8 ± 1.7 kg body weight, were randomly assigned to three experimental diets: (i) diet without GSO (control), (ii) diet containing 2% of GSO (GSO2) and (iii) diet containing 4% of GSO (GSO4) for 42 days. Results showed that the experimental diets had no significant effect on dry matter intake and performance (p > 0.05). The supplemented diets with GSO had no effect on pH and NH3 -N of rumen fluid (p > 0.05), but GSO4 increased (p = 0.003) the concentration of propionic acid and reduced (p = 0.002) the concentration of acetate acid compared to the control. Inclusion 4% of GSO to the diet increased total antioxidant activity and decreased malondialdehyde in serum and muscle (p < 0.001). The level of blood glutathione peroxidase in diets containing GSO was higher than control diet (p = 0.02), but diets had no effect on superoxide dismutase in blood and muscle tissues (p > 0.05). The concentration of vaccenic acid, rumenic acid and linoleic acid and thus polyunsaturated fatty acid in subcutaneous fat was affected by experimental diets (p < 0.001), as control had the lowest amount of these FAs and GSO4 had the highest amount of them. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of GSO up to 4% improves the antioxidant status and adipose fatty acid profile in lambs without effects on performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sharifi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - M Bashtani
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - A A Naserian
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - H Farhangfar
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - A Emami
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
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48
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Lu F, Kuhnle GK, Cheng Q. Heterocyclic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in commercial ready-to-eat meat products on UK market. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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49
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Jiang J, Xiong YL. Natural antioxidants as food and feed additives to promote health benefits and quality of meat products: A review. Meat Sci 2016; 120:107-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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50
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Oz F, Zaman A, Kaya M. Effect of Chitosan on the Formation of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines and Some Quality Properties of Meatball. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Oz
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture; Ataturk University; Erzurum 25240 Turkey
| | - Ali Zaman
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture; Ataturk University; Erzurum 25240 Turkey
| | - Mükerrem Kaya
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture; Ataturk University; Erzurum 25240 Turkey
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