1
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Wang Y, Lin Q, Liu Y, Li C, Liu Z, Yu X, Wang KN. Lighting Up Nucleolus To Report Mitochondria Damage Using a Mitochondria-to-Nucleolus Migration Probe. Anal Chem 2024; 96:9808-9816. [PMID: 38833718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Visualization of the mitochondrial state is crucial for tracking cell life processes and diagnosing disease, while fluorescent probes that can accurately assess mitochondrial status are currently scarce. Herein, a fluorescent probe named "SYN" was designed and prepared, which can target mitochondria via the mitochondrial membrane potential. Upon pathology or external stimulation, SYN can be released from the mitochondria and accumulate in the nucleolus to monitor the status of mitochondria. During this process, the brightness of the nucleolus can then serve as an indicator of mitochondrial damage. SYN has demonstrated excellent photostability in live cells as well as an extremely inert fluorescence response to bioactive molecules and the physiological pH environment of live cells. Spectroscopic titration and molecular docking studies have revealed that SYN can be lit up in nucleoli due to the high viscosity of the nucleus and the strong electrostatic interaction with the phosphate backbone of RNA. This probe is expected to be an exceptional tool based on its excellent imaging properties for tracking mitochondrial state in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Qiaowen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Chi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Kang-Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, China
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2
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Cen JH, Xie QH, Guo GH, Xu SY, Liu ZY, Liao YH, Zhong XP, Liu HY. Construction of 5-Fluorouracil and Gallium Corrole Conjugates for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy. J Med Chem 2024; 67:9054-9068. [PMID: 38781403 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Molecular hybridization is a well-established strategy for developing new drugs. In the pursuit of promising photosensitizers (PSs) with enhanced photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficiency, a series of novel 5-fluorouracil (5FU) gallium corrole conjugates (1-Ga-4-Ga) were designed and synthesized by hybridizing a chemotherapeutic drug and PSs. Their photodynamic antitumor activity was also evaluated. The most active complex (2-Ga) possesses a low IC50 value of 0.185 μM and a phototoxic index of 541 against HepG2 cells. Additionally, the 5FU-gallium corrole conjugate (2-Ga) exhibited a synergistic increase in cytotoxicity under irradiation. Excitedly, treatment of HepG2 tumor-bearing mice with 2-Ga under irradiation could completely ablate tumors without harming normal tissues. 2-Ga-mediated PDT could disrupt mitochondrial function, cause cell cycle arrest in the sub-G1 phase, and activate the cell apoptosis pathway by upregulating the cleaved PARP expression and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratios. This work provides a useful strategy for the design of new corrole-based chemo-photodynamic therapy drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-He Cen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Qi-Hu Xie
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Geng-Hong Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Shi-Yin Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Ze-Yu Liu
- Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Yu-Hui Liao
- Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Zhong
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Hai-Yang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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3
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Oskroba A, Bartusik-Aebisher D, Myśliwiec A, Dynarowicz K, Cieślar G, Kawczyk-Krupka A, Aebisher D. Photodynamic Therapy and Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2974. [PMID: 38474220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the third most common cause of death in the world. The most common are heart attacks and stroke. Cardiovascular diseases are a global problem monitored by many centers, including the World Health Organization (WHO). Atherosclerosis is one aspect that significantly influences the development and management of cardiovascular diseases. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is one of the therapeutic methods used for various types of inflammatory, cancerous and non-cancer diseases. Currently, it is not practiced very often in the field of cardiology. It is most often practiced and tested experimentally under in vitro experimental conditions. In clinical practice, the use of PDT is still rare. The aim of this review was to characterize the effectiveness of PDT in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, the most frequently used photosensitizers in cardiology are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Oskroba
- Science Club, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of The Rzeszów University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Angelika Myśliwiec
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Klaudia Dynarowicz
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Cieślar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego 15 St., 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego 15 St., 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of The Rzeszów University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
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4
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Zhang Y, Doan BT, Gasser G. Metal-Based Photosensitizers as Inducers of Regulated Cell Death Mechanisms. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10135-10155. [PMID: 37534710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, various forms of regulated cell death (RCD) have been discovered and were found to improve cancer treatment. Although there are several reviews on RCD induced by photodynamic therapy (PDT), a comprehensive summary covering metal-based photosensitizers (PSs) as RCD inducers has not yet been presented. In this review, we systematically summarize the works on metal-based PSs that induce different types of RCD, including ferroptosis, immunogenic cell death (ICD), and pyroptosis. The characteristics and mechanisms of each RCD are explained. At the end of each section, a summary of the reported commonalities between different metal-based PSs inducing the same RCD is emphasized, and future perspectives on metal-based PSs inducing novel forms of RCD are discussed at the end of the review. Considering the essential roles of metal-based PSs and RCD in cancer therapy, we hope that this review will provide the stage for future advances in metal-based PSs as RCD inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Zhang
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemistry, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Bich-Thuy Doan
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory of Synthesis, Electrochemistry, Imaging and Analytical Systems for Diagnosis, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemistry, 75005 Paris, France
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5
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Saeed HK, Jarman PJ, Sreedharan S, Mowll R, Auty AJ, Chauvet AAP, Smythe CGW, de la Serna JB, Thomas JA. From Chemotherapy to Phototherapy - Changing the Therapeutic Action of a Metallo-Intercalating Ru II -Re I Luminescent System by Switching its Sub-Cellular Location. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300617. [PMID: 37013945 PMCID: PMC10946911 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new heterodinuclear ReI RuII metallointercalator containing RuII (dppz) and ReI (dppn) moieties is reported. Cell-free studies reveal that the complex has similar photophysical properties to its homoleptic M(dppz) analogue and it also binds to DNA with a similar affinity. However, the newly reported complex has very different in-cell properties to its parent. In complete contrast to the homoleptic system, the RuII (dppz)/ReI (dppn) complex is not intrinsically cytotoxic but displays appreciable phototoxic, despite both complexes displaying very similar quantum yields for singlet oxygen sensitization. Optical microscopy suggests that the reason for these contrasting biological effects is that whereas the homoleptic complex localises in the nuclei of cells, the RuII (dppz)/ReI (dppn) complex preferentially accumulates in mitochondria. These observations illustrate how even small structural changes in metal based therapeutic leads can modulate their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiwa K. Saeed
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS3 7HFUK
| | - Paul J. Jarman
- Department of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS10 2TNUK
| | - Sreejesh Sreedharan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS3 7HFUK
- School of Human ScienceUniversity of DerbyDerbyDE22 1GBUK
| | - Rachel Mowll
- Department of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS10 2TNUK
| | | | | | - Carl G. W. Smythe
- Department of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS10 2TNUK
| | - Jorge Bernardino de la Serna
- Faculty of MedicineNational Heart and Lung InstituteImperial CollegeLondonSW7 2AZUK
- Central Laser FacilityRutherford Appleton LaboratoryMRC-Research Complex at Harwell Science and Technology Facilities CouncilHarwellOX11 0FAUK
| | - Jim A. Thomas
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS3 7HFUK
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6
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Rickard BP, Overchuk M, Obaid G, Ruhi MK, Demirci U, Fenton SE, Santos JH, Kessel D, Rizvi I. Photochemical Targeting of Mitochondria to Overcome Chemoresistance in Ovarian Cancer †. Photochem Photobiol 2023; 99:448-468. [PMID: 36117466 PMCID: PMC10043796 DOI: 10.1111/php.13723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy with a stubborn mortality rate of ~65%. The persistent failure of multiline chemotherapy, and significant tumor heterogeneity, has made it challenging to improve outcomes. A target of increasing interest is the mitochondrion because of its essential role in critical cellular functions, and the significance of metabolic adaptation in chemoresistance. This review describes mitochondrial processes, including metabolic reprogramming, mitochondrial transfer and mitochondrial dynamics in ovarian cancer progression and chemoresistance. The effect of malignant ascites, or excess peritoneal fluid, on mitochondrial function is discussed. The role of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in overcoming mitochondria-mediated resistance is presented. PDT, a photochemistry-based modality, involves the light-based activation of a photosensitizer leading to the production of short-lived reactive molecular species and spatiotemporally confined photodamage to nearby organelles and biological targets. The consequential effects range from subcytotoxic priming of target cells for increased sensitivity to subsequent treatments, such as chemotherapy, to direct cell killing. This review discusses how PDT-based approaches can address key limitations of current treatments. Specifically, an overview of the mechanisms by which PDT alters mitochondrial function, and a summary of preclinical advancements and clinical PDT experience in ovarian cancer are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany P. Rickard
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Marta Overchuk
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Girgis Obaid
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson TX 95080, USA
| | - Mustafa Kemal Ruhi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Suzanne E. Fenton
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Janine H. Santos
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - David Kessel
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Imran Rizvi
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for Environmental Health and Susceptibility, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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7
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Development of a method for assessing the depth of penetration of ethosomes with methylene blue into the skin during application and photodynamic exposure. BIOMEDICAL PHOTONICS 2023. [DOI: 10.24931/2413-9432-2022-11-4-11-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide range of literature sources report on the potential benefits of transdermal drug delivery. Among these advantages, the following are distinguished – minimal injury, reduction of side effects, and prevention of degradation or metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract or liver. However, transdermal delivery of most molecules often excludes due to the barrier function of the skin, which prevents the penetration of exogenous substances. To overcome this barrier and increase skin absorption, ethosomal complexes use, by means penetration into the deep layers of the skin and/or systemic circulation is possible. This work devotes to the development of a non-invasive method for assessing the depth of penetration by ethosomes with methylene blue (MB) into the skin during application and photodynamic exposure. MB as photosensitizer (PS) was chosen, since there are a sufficient number of publications on its positive effect on the restoration of the cell’s respiratory chain of various organs and therefore the restoration of their metabolism. Besides MB has proven to be an effective PS, destructed pathogenic microbes and viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. However, for more effective Covid-19 therapy and antibiotic-resistant microbial diseases, the penetration of MB into the vascular system of the epidermis or mucous tissue is required. Nowadays, the existing methods for assessing the penetration depth of PS are time consuming and require the use of animal skin or model samples. The LESA-01 BIOSPEC system with specially designed optical adapters that allow assessing the drug fluorescence intensity on skin surface and at a depth of up to 2 mm in the investigation was used.
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8
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Önal E, Tüncel Ö, Erdoğan Vatansever İ, Albakour M, Gümüşgöz
Çelik G, Küçük T, Akgül B, Gürek AG, Özçelik S. Development of AB 3-Type Novel Phthalocyanine and Porphyrin Photosensitizers Conjugated with Triphenylphosphonium for Higher Photodynamic Efficacy. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:39404-39416. [PMID: 36340065 PMCID: PMC9631755 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There are a number of lipophilic cations that can be chosen; the triphenylphosphonium (TPP) ion is particularly unique for mitochondrion targeting, mainly due to its simplicity in structure and ease to be linked to the target molecules. In this work, mitochondrion-targeted AB3-type novel phthalocyanine and porphyrin photosensitizers (PSs) were synthesized and their photophysical photochemical properties were defined. Fluorescence quantum yields (ΦF) are 0.009, 0.14, 0.13, and 0.13, and the singlet-oxygen quantum yields (ΦΔ) are 0.27, 0.75, 0.57, and 0.58 for LuPcPox(OAc), AB 3 TPP-Pc, AB 3 TPP-Por-C4, and AB 3 TPP-Por-C6, respectively. To evaluate the photodynamic efficacy of the TPP-conjugated PS cell viabilities of A549 and BEAS-2B lung cells were comparatively measured and IC-50 values were determined. AB 3 TPP-Por-C4, AB 3 TPP-Por-C6, and AB 3 TPP-Pc compounds compared to the reference molecules ZnPc and H 2 TPP were found to be highly cytotoxic (sub-micromolar concentration) under the light. LuPcPox(OAc) is the most effective molecule regarding cell killing (the activity). The cell killing of the TPP-conjugated porphyrin derivatives exhibits a similar response compared to LuPcPox(OAc) when the light absorbing factor of the PS is normalized at 660 nm: TPP-conjugated porphyrins absorb less light (lower extinction coefficient) but produce more radical species (higher singlet-oxygen quantum yield) and therefore effectively kill the cells. The singlet oxygen-producing capacity of AB 3 TPP-Pc is almost 3 times higher compared to LuPcPox(OAc) and 50% more efficient with respect to ZnPc, suggesting that TPP-conjugated phthalocyanine may serve as a good photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The high singlet oxygen generation capacity of these novel TPP-conjugated porphyrin and phthalocyanine PS suggests that they might be useful for PDT requiring lower photosensitizer concentration and reduced energy deposited through less light exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Önal
- Department
of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
- Faculty
of Engineering, Doğuş University, Ümraniye, Istanbul 34775, Turkey
| | - Özge Tüncel
- Faculty
of Science, Department of Chemistry, Izmir
Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
- Faculty
of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
| | - İpek Erdoğan Vatansever
- Faculty
of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
| | - Mohamad Albakour
- Department
of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gizem Gümüşgöz
Çelik
- Department
of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Tuğba Küçük
- Department
of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Bünyamin Akgül
- Faculty
of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Gül Gürek
- Department
of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Serdar Özçelik
- Faculty
of Science, Department of Chemistry, Izmir
Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
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9
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Wang L, Wang L, Zhang Y, Zhao Z, Liu C, Li M, Liu J, Wang S, Yang D, Luo F, Yan J. LS-HB-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Cell Apoptosis in Melanoma. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:2607-2619. [PMID: 35485954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chlorin e6-C-15-ethyl ester (LS-HB), a newly identified photosensitizer, was isolated from chlorin e6. The mechanism of tumor cell death induced by photodynamic therapy with LS-HB (LS-HB-PDT) is still unknown. Here, we investigated the photophysical properties of LS-HB, evaluated the antitumor effect on melanoma in vitro and in vivo, and explored its possible mechanisms. LS-HB not only has an optimal spectral band of red wavelength (660 nm) for photosensitization but also has favorable photostability. More importantly, LS-HB-PDT elicited a potent dose-dependent phototoxic effect in vitro. We discovered that LS-HB located in the mitochondria of B16F10 cells was able to generate excess reactive oxygen species, which subsequently resulted in mitochondrial membrane potential loss and induced apoptosis via caspase-9 and caspase-3 pathways. Moreover, PDT with LS-HB markedly inhibited the growth of melanoma in vivo. Therefore, LS-HB is expected to be an effective potential photosensitizer in antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Wang
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Li Wang
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Fuzhou Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350008, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhao
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Mengqi Li
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jiajing Liu
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Shengyu Wang
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Fanghong Luo
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jianghua Yan
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
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10
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Goizueta AA, Casal RF. Bronchoscopic Lung Nodule Ablation. CURRENT PULMONOLOGY REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13665-022-00287-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Eshaghi Gorji M, Li D. Photoinactivation of bacteriophage MS2, Tulane virus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in oysters by microencapsulated rose bengal. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyac017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Bivalve molluscan shellfish such as oysters are important vectors for the transmission of foodborne pathogens including both viruses and bacteria. Photoinactivation provides a cold-sterilization option against the contamination as excited photosensitizers could transfer electronic energy to oxygen molecules producing reactive oxygen species such as singlet oxygen, leading to oxidative damage and death of the pathogens. However, the efficacy of photoinactivation is very often compromised by the presence of food matrix due to the non-selective reactions of short-lived singlet oxygen with the organic matters other than the target pathogens.
Materials and Methods
In order to address this issue, we encapsulated a food grade photosensitizer rose bengal (RB) in alginate microbeads. An extra coating of chitosan effectively prevented the release of RB from the microbeads in seawater, and more importantly, enhanced the selectivity of the photoinactivation via the electrostatic interactions between cationic chitosan and anionic charge of the virus particles (bacteriophage MS2 and Tulane virus) and the gram-negative bacteria Vibrio parahaemolyticus.
Results
The treatment of oysters with microencapsulated RB resulted in significantly higher reductions of MS2 phage, Tulane virus and V. parahaemolyticus than free RB and non-RB carrying microbeads (P < 0.05) tested with both in vitro and in vivo experimental set-ups. (4)
Conclusions
This study demonstrated a new strategy in delivering comprehensively formulated biochemical sanitizers in bivalve shellfish through their natural filter feeding activity and thereby enhancing the mitigation efficiency of foodborne pathogen contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Eshaghi Gorji
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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12
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Xavierselvan M, Cook J, Duong J, Diaz N, Homan K, Mallidi S. Photoacoustic nanodroplets for oxygen enhanced photodynamic therapy of cancer. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2022; 25:100306. [PMID: 34917471 PMCID: PMC8666552 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2021.100306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a well-known cancer therapy that utilizes light to excite a photosensitizer and generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). The efficacy of PDT primarily depends on the photosensitizer and oxygen concentration in the tumor. Hypoxia in solid tumors promotes treatment resistance, resulting in poor PDT outcomes. Hence, there is a need to combat hypoxia while delivering sufficient photosensitizer to the tumor for ROS generation. Here we showcase our unique theranostic perfluorocarbon nanodroplets as a triple agent carrier for oxygen, photosensitizer, and indocyanine green that enables light triggered spatiotemporal delivery of oxygen to the tumors. We evaluated the characteristics of the nanodroplets and validated their ability to deliver oxygen via photoacoustic monitoring of blood oxygen saturation and subsequent PDT efficacy in a murine subcutaneous tumor model. The imaging results were validated with an oxygen sensing probe, which showed a 9.1 fold increase in oxygen content inside the tumor, following systemic administration of the nanodroplets. These results were also confirmed with immunofluorescence. In vivo studies showed that nanodroplets held higher rates of treatment efficacy than a clinically available benzoporphyrin derivative formulation. Histological analysis showed higher necrotic area within the tumor with perfluoropentane nanodroplets. Overall, the photoacoustic nanodroplets can significantly enhance image-guided PDT and has demonstrated substantial potential as a valid theranostic option for patient-specific photodynamic therapy-based treatments.
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Key Words
- 1O2, singlet oxygen
- BPD, benzoporphyrin derivative
- DLS, dynamic light scattering
- DPPC, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
- DSPE-mPEG, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000]
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- HbT, total hemoglobin
- Hypoxia
- ICG, indocyanine green
- IF, immunofluorescence
- Image guided PDT
- MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
- NIR, near infrared radiation
- PA, photoacoustic
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- PDT, photodynamic therapy
- PFC, perfluorocarbon
- PFP, perfluoropentane
- PS, photosensitizer
- Perfluorocarbon nanodroplets
- Photoacoustic imaging
- Photodynamic therapy
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SOSG, singlet oxygen sensor green
- StO2, oxygen saturation
- TBAI, tertbutylammonium iodide
- pO2, partial pressure of oxygen
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Xavierselvan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | | | - Jeanne Duong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Nashielli Diaz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | | | - Srivalleesha Mallidi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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13
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An Engineered Nanocomplex with Photodynamic and Photothermal Synergistic Properties for Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042286. [PMID: 35216400 PMCID: PMC8874418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) are promising therapeutic methods for cancer treatment; however, as single modality therapies, either PDT or PTT is still limited in its success rate. A dual application of both PDT and PTT, in a combined protocol, has gained immense interest. In this study, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were conjugated with a PDT agent, meso-tetrahydroxyphenylchlorin (mTHPC) photosensitizer, designed as nanotherapeutic agents that can activate a dual photodynamic/photothermal therapy in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. The AuNP-mTHPC complex is biocompatible, soluble, and photostable. PDT efficiency is high because of immediate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production upon mTHPC activation by the 650-nm laser, which decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (∆ψm). Likewise, the AuNP-mTHPC complex is used as a photoabsorbing (PTA) agent for PTT, due to efficient plasmon absorption and excellent photothermal conversion characteristics of AuNPs under laser irradiation at 532 nm. Under the laser irradiation of a PDT/PTT combination, a twofold phototoxicity outcome follows, compared to PDT-only or PTT-only treatment. This indicates that PDT and PTT have synergistic effects together as a combined therapeutic method. Our study aimed at applying the AuNP-mTHPC approach as a potential treatment of cancer in the biomedical field.
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14
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Szafraniec MJ, Toporkiewicz M, Gamian A. Zinc-Substituted Pheophorbide A Is a Safe and Efficient Antivascular Photodynamic Agent. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020235. [PMID: 35215347 PMCID: PMC8874758 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study focuses on the photodynamic activity of zinc-substituted pheophorbide a against human endothelial cells. Previously, zinc pheophorbide a has been shown to be a very potent photosensitizer but also a strong albumin binder. Binding to albumin significantly reduces its availability to cancer cells, which may necessitate the use of relatively high doses. Here we show that zinc pheophorbide a is very effective against vascular endothelial cells, even in its albumin-complexed form. Albumin complexation increases the lysosomal accumulation of the drug, thus enhancing its efficiency. Zinc pheophorbide a at nanomolar concentrations induces endothelial cell death via apoptosis, which in many cases is considered a desirable cell death mode because of its anti-inflammatory effect. Additionally, we demonstrate that in comparison to tumor cells, endothelial cells are much more susceptible to photodynamic treatment with the use of the investigated compound. Our findings demonstrate that zinc pheophorbide a is a very promising photosensitizer for use in vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy against solid tumors, acting as a vascular shutdown inducer. It can also possibly find application in the treatment of a range of vascular disorders. Numerous properties of zinc pheophorbide a are comparable or even more favorable than those of the well-known photosensitizer of a similar structure, palladium bacteriopheophorbide (TOOKAD®).
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena J. Szafraniec
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland;
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Monika Toporkiewicz
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Gamian
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland;
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15
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Robbins E, Leroy-Lhez S, Villandier N, Samoć M, Matczyszyn K. Prospects for More Efficient Multi-Photon Absorption Photosensitizers Exhibiting Both Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Luminescence. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206323. [PMID: 34684904 PMCID: PMC8541311 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of two-photon absorption (TPA) for such applications as microscopy, imaging, and photodynamic therapy (PDT) offers several advantages over the usual one-photon excitation. This creates a need for photosensitizers that exhibit both strong two-photon absorption and the highly efficient generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as, ideally, bright luminescence. This review focuses on different strategies utilized to improve the TPA properties of various multi-photon absorbing species that have the required photophysical properties. Along with well-known families of photosensitizers, including porphyrins, we also describe other promising organic and organometallic structures and more complex systems involving organic and inorganic nanoparticles. We concentrate on the published studies that provide two-photon absorption cross-section values and the singlet oxygen (or other ROS) and luminescence quantum yields, which are crucial for potential use within PDT and diagnostics. We hope that this review will aid in the design and modification of novel TPA photosensitizers, which can help in exploiting the features of nonlinear absorption processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Robbins
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, Université de Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France; (E.R.); (S.L.-L.); (N.V.)
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Stéphanie Leroy-Lhez
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, Université de Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France; (E.R.); (S.L.-L.); (N.V.)
| | - Nicolas Villandier
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, Université de Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France; (E.R.); (S.L.-L.); (N.V.)
| | - Marek Samoć
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Matczyszyn
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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16
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Elberskirch L, Le Harzic R, Scheglmann D, Wieland G, Wiehe A, Mathieu-Gaedke M, Golf HRA, von Briesen H, Wagner S. A HET-CAM based vascularized intestine tumor model as a screening platform for nano-formulated photosensitizers. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 168:106046. [PMID: 34670122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of new tumor models for anticancer drug screening is a challenge for preclinical research. Conventional cell-based in vitro models such as 2D monolayer cell cultures or 3D spheroids allow an initial assessment of the efficacy of drugs but they have a limited prediction to the in vivo effectiveness. In contrast, in vivo animal models capture the complexity of systemic distribution, accumulation, and degradation of drugs, but visualization of the individual steps is challenging and extracting quantitative data is usually very difficult. Furthermore, there are a variety of ethical concerns related to animal tests. In accordance with the 3Rs principles of Replacement, Reduction and Refinement, alternative test systems should therefore be developed and applied in preclinical research. The Hen's egg test on chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) model provides the generation of vascularized tumor spheroids and therefore, is an ideal test platform which can be used as an intermediate step between in vitro analysis and preclinical evaluation in vivo. We developed a HET-CAM based intestine tumor model to investigate the accumulation and efficacy of nano-formulated photosensitizers. Irradiation is necessary to activate the phototoxic effect. Due to the good accessibility of the vascularized tumor on the CAM, we have developed a laser irradiation setup to simulate an in vivo endoscopic irradiation. The study presents quantitative as well as qualitative data on the accumulation and efficacy of the nano-formulated photosensitizers in a vascularized intestine tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Elberskirch
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department Bioprocessing & Bioanalytics, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280 Sulzbach (Germany)
| | - Ronan Le Harzic
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department Bioprocessing & Bioanalytics, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280 Sulzbach (Germany)
| | | | - Gerhard Wieland
- biolitec research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Strasse 15, 07745 Jena (Germany)
| | - Arno Wiehe
- biolitec research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Strasse 15, 07745 Jena (Germany); Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Maria Mathieu-Gaedke
- biolitec research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Strasse 15, 07745 Jena (Germany); Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Hartwig R A Golf
- biolitec research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Strasse 15, 07745 Jena (Germany); Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Hagen von Briesen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department Bioprocessing & Bioanalytics, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280 Sulzbach (Germany)
| | - Sylvia Wagner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department Bioprocessing & Bioanalytics, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280 Sulzbach (Germany).
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17
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Takano Y, Hirata E, Ushijima N, Harashima H, Yamada Y. An effective in vivo mitochondria-targeting nanocarrier combined with a π-extended porphyrin-type photosensitizer. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:5919-5927. [PMID: 36132667 PMCID: PMC9419188 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00427a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A photochemical reaction mediated by light-activated molecules (photosensitizers) in photodynamic therapy (PDT) causes molecular oxygen to be converted into highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are beneficial for cancer therapy. As the active oxygen consumer and the primary regulator of apoptosis, mitochondria are known as an important target for optimizing PDT outcomes. However, most of the clinically used photosensitizers exhibited a poor tumor accumulation profile as well as lack of mitochondria targeting ability. Therefore, by applying a nanocarrier platform, mitochondria-specific delivery of photosensitizers can be materialized. The present research develops an effective mitochondria-targeting liposome-based nanocarrier system (MITO-Porter) encapsulating a π-extended porphyrin-type photosensitizer (rTPA), which results in a significant in vivo antitumor activity. A single PDT treatment of the rTPA-MITO-Porter resulted in a dramatic tumor inhibition against both human and murine tumors that had been xenografted in a mouse model. Furthermore, depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane was observed, implying the damage of the mitochondrial membrane due to the photochemical reaction that occurred specifically in the mitochondria of tumor cells. The findings presented herein serve to verify the significance of the mitochondria-targeted nanocarrier system for advancing the in vivo PDT effectivity in cancer therapy regardless of tumor type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Takano
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University Kita-20 Nishi-10, Kita-ku Sapporo 001-0020 Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
| | - Eri Hirata
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-8586 Japan
| | - Natsumi Ushijima
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-8586 Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- Laboratory for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0812 Japan
| | - Yuma Yamada
- Laboratory for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0812 Japan
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18
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Liu Y, Zhu D, Xie Z. Ir(III) Complex Dimer Nanoparticles for Photodynamic Therapy. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1374-1379. [PMID: 34531946 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Iridium compounds are versatile in catalysis and photodynamic therapy. We present two Ir(III) complex dimers that can self-assemble into nanoparticles in the absence of adjuvant or surfactants. The formed nanoparticles possess a spherical morphology and robust colloidal stability and could be internalized by cancer cells. The Ir(III) complex nanoparticles have relatively strong photodynamic activity upon irradiation, which includes type I and type II reactive oxygen species. The generated reactive oxygen species could effectively induce cell death upon irradiation. This work highlights the potential of metal complexes and their nanoparticles in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun130022, P.R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, P. R. China
| | - Dongxia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province130024, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun130022, P.R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, P. R. China
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19
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Evolutionary dynamics of cancer multidrug resistance in response to olaparib and photodynamic therapy. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101198. [PMID: 34418731 PMCID: PMC8387718 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent drug efflux protein commonly associated with multidrug resistance in cancer chemotherapy. In this report, we used a dual-fluorescent co-culture model to study the population dynamics of the drug sensitive human ovarian cancer cell line (OVCAR-8-DsRed2) and its resistant subline that overexpresses P-gp (NCI/ADR-RES-EGFP) during the course of a photodynamic therapy (PDT)-olaparib combination regimen. Without treatment, OVCAR-8-DsRed2 cells grew more rapidly than the NCI/ADR-RES-EGFP cells. Olaparib treatment reduced the total number of cancer cells by 70±4% but selected for the resistant NCI/ADR-RES-EGFP population since olaparib is an efflux substrate for the P-gp pump. This study used the FDA-approved benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) photosensitizer or its lipidated formulation ((16:0)LysoPC-BPD) to kill OVCAR-8 cells and reduce the likelihood that olaparib-resistant cells would have selective advantage. Three cycles of PDT effectively reduced the total cell number by 66±3%, while stabilizing the population ratio of sensitive and resistant cells at approximately 1:1. The combination of olaparib treatment and PDT enhanced PARP cleavage and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage, further decreasing the total cancer cell number down to 10±2%. We also showed that the combination of olaparib and (16:0)LysoPC-BPD-based PDT is up to 18-fold more effective in mitigating the selection of resistant NCI/ADR-RES-EGFP cells, compared to using olaparib and BPD-based PDT. These studies suggest that PDT may improve the effectiveness of olaparib, and the use of a lipidated photosensitizer formulation holds promise in overcoming cancer drug resistance.
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20
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Liu K, Lei S, Kuang Y, Jin Q, Long D, Liu C, Jiang Y, Zhao H, Yao H. A Novel Mechanism of the c-Myc/NEAT1 Axis Mediating Colorectal Cancer Cell Response to Photodynamic Therapy Treatment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:652831. [PMID: 34395239 PMCID: PMC8355738 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.652831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is considered a potential treatment regimen for colorectal cancer cases (CRC). p53 signaling and the miR-124/iASPP axis play an essential role in the PDT resistance of CRC cells. PDT treatment downregulated NEAT1 expression in p53wt HCT116 and RKO cells. In these two cell lines, NEAT1 silencing enhanced the suppressive effects of PDT on cell viability and apoptosis. Within the subcutaneously implanted tumor model, NEAT1 silencing enhanced PDT-induced suppression on tumor growth. Regarding p53-deleted HCT116 cells, PDT only moderately affected cell proliferation but induced downregulation of NEAT1. NEAT1 directly targeted miR-124, acting as a ceRNA, competing with iASPP for miR-124 binding, and counteracting miR-124-mediated repression on iASPP under PDT treatment. NEAT1 silencing was enhanced, whereas miR-124 inhibition attenuated PDT effects on CRC cells; miR-124 inhibition significantly reversed the roles of NEAT1 silencing in PDT-treated CRC cells. miR-124 negatively correlated with NEAT1 and iASPP, respectively, whereas NEAT1 and iASPP positively correlated with each other. PDT downregulated c-Myc in CRC cells, and c-Myc activated the transcription of NEAT1 through the targeting of its promoter region. Within p53mut SW480 cells, PDT failed to alter cell viability and apoptosis but still downregulated c-Myc, NEAT1, and iASPP and upregulated miR-124. In p53 mutant high-abundant CRC tissues, c-Myc and NEAT1 were up-regulated, and miR-124 was downregulated. In c-Myc high-abundant CRC tissues, NEAT1 and iASPP were up-regulated, and miR-124 was downregulated. The critical role of the c-Myc/NEAT1 axis in mediating CRC response to PDT treatment via the miR-124/iASPP/p53 feedback loop was conclusively demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuijie Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sanlin Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Kuang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianqian Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dongju Long
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuhong Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongliang Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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21
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Inglut CT, Gray KM, Vig S, Jung JW, Stabile J, Zhang Y, Stroka KM, Huang HC. Photodynamic Priming Modulates Endothelial Cell-Cell Junction Phenotype for Light-activated Remote Control of Drug Delivery. IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS : A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY 2021; 27:7200311. [PMID: 33519171 PMCID: PMC7839980 DOI: 10.1109/jstqe.2020.3024014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) remains a major obstacle for drug delivery to the central nervous system. In particular, the tight and adherens junctions that join the brain capillary endothelial cells limit the diffusion of various molecules from the bloodstream into the brain. Photodynamic priming (PDP) is a non-cytotoxic modality that involves light activation of photosensitizers to photochemically modulate nearby molecules without killing the cells. Here we investigate the effects of sub-lethal photochemistry on junction phenotype (i.e., continuous, punctate, or perpendicular), as well as the BBB permeability in a transwell model of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs). We showed that PDP decreases the continuous junction architecture by ~20%, increases the perpendicular junction architecture by ~40%, and has minimal impact on cell morphology in HBMECs. Furthermore, transwell permeability assay revealed that PDP improves the HBMEC permeability to dextran or nanoliposomes by up to 30-fold for 6-9 days. These results suggest that PDP could safely reverse the mature brain endothelial junctions without killing the HBMECs. This study not only emphasizes the critical roles of PDP in the modulation junction phenotype, but also highlights the opportunity to further develop PDP-based combinations that opens the cerebrum endothelium for enhanced drug transporter across the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin T Inglut
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Kelsey M Gray
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Shruti Vig
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Jae W Jung
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Jillian Stabile
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Yuji Zhang
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Kimberly M Stroka
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Huang-Chiao Huang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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22
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Gunaydin G, Gedik ME, Ayan S. Photodynamic Therapy-Current Limitations and Novel Approaches. Front Chem 2021; 9:691697. [PMID: 34178948 PMCID: PMC8223074 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.691697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) mostly relies on the generation of singlet oxygen, via the excitation of a photosensitizer, so that target tumor cells can be destroyed. PDT can be applied in the settings of several malignant diseases. In fact, the earliest preclinical applications date back to 1900’s. Dougherty reported the treatment of skin tumors by PDT in 1978. Several further studies around 1980 demonstrated the effectiveness of PDT. Thus, the technique has attracted the attention of numerous researchers since then. Hematoporphyrin derivative received the FDA approval as a clinical application of PDT in 1995. We have indeed witnessed a considerable progress in the field over the last century. Given the fact that PDT has a favorable adverse event profile and can enhance anti-tumor immune responses as well as demonstrating minimally invasive characteristics, it is disappointing that PDT is not broadly utilized in the clinical setting for the treatment of malignant and/or non-malignant diseases. Several issues still hinder the development of PDT, such as those related with light, tissue oxygenation and inherent properties of the photosensitizers. Various photosensitizers have been designed/synthesized in order to overcome the limitations. In this Review, we provide a general overview of the mechanisms of action in terms of PDT in cancer, including the effects on immune system and vasculature as well as mechanisms related with tumor cell destruction. We will also briefly mention the application of PDT for non-malignant diseases. The current limitations of PDT utilization in cancer will be reviewed, since identifying problems associated with design/synthesis of photosensitizers as well as application of light and tissue oxygenation might pave the way for more effective PDT approaches. Furthermore, novel promising approaches to improve outcome in PDT such as selectivity, bioengineering, subcellular/organelle targeting, etc. will also be discussed in detail, since the potential of pioneering and exceptional approaches that aim to overcome the limitations and reveal the full potential of PDT in terms of clinical translation are undoubtedly exciting. A better understanding of novel concepts in the field (e.g. enhanced, two-stage, fractional PDT) will most likely prove to be very useful for pursuing and improving effective PDT strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurcan Gunaydin
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Emre Gedik
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seylan Ayan
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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23
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Klimenko IV, Ksenofontov AA, Klimenko MS, Antina EV, Berezin MB, Lobanov AV. A New Water-Soluble Form of BODIPY Luminophores Based on Cremophor®: Synthesis, Spectral Properties, and in vitro Study. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s199079312101019x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Dias LM, Sharifi F, de Keijzer MJ, Mesquita B, Desclos E, Kochan JA, de Klerk DJ, Ernst D, de Haan LR, Franchi LP, van Wijk AC, Scutigliani EM, Cavaco JEB, Tedesco AC, Huang X, Pan W, Ding B, Krawczyk PM, Heger M. Attritional evaluation of lipophilic and hydrophilic metallated phthalocyanines for oncological photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 216:112146. [PMID: 33601256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Oncological photodynamic therapy (PDT) relies on photosensitizers (PSs) to photo-oxidatively destroy tumor cells. Currently approved PSs yield satisfactory results in superficial and easy-to-access tumors but are less suited for solid cancers in internal organs such as the biliary system and the pancreas. For these malignancies, second-generation PSs such as metallated phthalocyanines are more appropriate. Presently it is not known which of the commonly employed metallated phtahlocyanines, namely aluminum phthalocyanine (AlPC) and zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPC) as well as their tetrasulfonated derivatives AlPCS4 and ZnPCS4, is most cytotoxic to tumor cells. This study therefore employed an attritional approach to ascertain the best metallated phthalocyanine for oncological PDT in a head-to-head comparative analysis and standardized experimental design. METHODS ZnPC and AlPC were encapsulated in PEGylated liposomes. Analyses were performed in cultured A431 cells as a template for tumor cells with a dysfunctional P53 tumor suppressor gene and EGFR overexpression. First, dark toxicity was assessed as a function of PS concentration using the WST-1 and sulforhodamine B assay. Second, time-dependent uptake and intracellular distribution were determined by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, respectively, using the intrinsic fluorescence of the PSs. Third, the LC50 values were established for each PS at 671 nm and a radiant exposure of 15 J/cm2 following 1-h PS exposure. Finally, the mode of cell death as a function of post-PDT time and cell cycle arrest at 24 h after PDT were analyzed. RESULTS In the absence of illumination, AlPC and ZnPC were not toxic to cells up to a 1.5-μM PS concentration and exposure for up to 72 h. Dark toxicity was noted for AlPCS4 at 5 μM and ZnPCS4 at 2.5 μM. Uptake of all PSs was observed as early as 1 min after PS addition to cells and increased in amplitude during a 2-h incubation period. After 60 min, the entire non-nuclear space of the cell was photosensitized, with PS accumulation in multiple subcellular structures, especially in case of AlPC and AlPCS4. PDT of cells photosensitized with ZnPC, AlPC, and AlPCS4 yielded LC50 values of 0.13 μM, 0.04 μM, and 0.81 μM, respectively, 24 h post-PDT (based on sulforhodamine B assay). ZnPCS4 did not induce notable phototoxicity, which was echoed in the mode of cell death and cell cycle arrest data. At 4 h post-PDT, the mode of cell death comprised mainly apoptosis for ZnPC and AlPC, the extent of which was gradually exacerbated in AlPC-photosensitized cells during 8 h. ZnPC-treated cells seemed to recover at 8 h post-PDT compared to 4 h post-PDT, which had been observed before in another cell line. AlPCS4 induced considerable necrosis in addition to apoptosis, whereby most of the cell death had already manifested at 2 h after PDT. During the course of 8 h, necrotic cell death transitioned into mainly late apoptotic cell death. Cell death signaling coincided with a reduction in cells in the G0/G1 phase (ZnPC, AlPC, AlPCS4) and cell cycle arrest in the S-phase (ZnPC, AlPC, AlPCS4) and G2 phase (ZnPC and AlPC). Cell cycle arrest was most profound in cells that had been photosensitized with AlPC and subjected to PDT. CONCLUSIONS Liposomal AlPC is the most potent PS for oncological PDT, whereas ZnPCS4 was photodynamically inert in A431 cells. AlPC did not induce dark toxicity at PS concentrations of up to 1.5 μM, i.e., > 37 times the LC50 value, which is favorable in terms of clinical phototoxicity issues. AlPC photosensitized multiple intracellular loci, which was associated with extensive, irreversible cell death signaling that is expected to benefit treatment efficacy and possibly immunological long-term tumor control, granted that sufficient AlPC will reach the tumor in vivo. Given the differential pharmacokinetics, intracellular distribution, and cell death dynamics, liposomal AlPC may be combined with AlPCS4 in a PS cocktail to further improve PDT efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Mendes Dias
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China; CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Farangis Sharifi
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark J de Keijzer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Mesquita
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Emilie Desclos
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jakub A Kochan
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel J de Klerk
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Daniël Ernst
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Lianne R de Haan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Leonardo P Franchi
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) 2, Campus Samambaia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering - Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences, and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Albert C van Wijk
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Enzo M Scutigliani
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - José E B Cavaco
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Antonio C Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering - Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences, and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Xuan Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Weiwei Pan
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, PR China
| | - Baoyue Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Przemek M Krawczyk
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michal Heger
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Tumor-selective new piperazine-fragmented silicon phthalocyanines initiate cell death in breast cancer cell lines. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 216:112143. [PMID: 33550219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A new silicon phthalocyanine with piperazine-furan ring and its quaternized form were synthesized. All compounds were analyzed by spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR, 1H-NMR, MS, and UV-vis), and the absorbance characteristics of silicon phthalocyanines were evaluated with the expected strong typical absorption bands in the far-red spectrum. The cytotoxic effects of these phthalocyanines induced by photodynamic therapy (PDT) were determined in a dose-dependent manner. Following cytotoxicity analysis, flow cytometric research of cell death was performed. The formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined by confocal microscopy. High levels of cytotoxicity and decreased viable cell population have been detected in cancer cells after treatment. In addition, ROS formation was observed in PDT treated cancer cells. However, low levels of cell death and ROS formation were observed in non-tumorigenic cells. According to western blot data, PDT-mediated treatment was found to provide different expression patterns of the cleaved PARP1 protein. The presented study demonstrates that PDT-mediated treatment of newly synthesized phthalocyanines has significant anti-cancer effects on breast cancer cells and may induce different cell death pathways.
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Xue J, Gruber F, Tschachler E, Zhao Y. Crosstalk between oxidative stress, autophagy and apoptosis in hemoporfin photodynamic therapy treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 33:102137. [PMID: 33307232 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) provides a treatment for port-wine stain (PWS) using hemoporfin (hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether, HMME), a novel photosensitizer, reporting better efficacy and lower recurrence rate. This study investigated the effects of HMME-PDT on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as well as underlying mechanisms. METHODS Cell proliferation ability was measured by CCK8 assay and cell apoptosis was determined by TUNEL assay and Western blot analysis. Confocal fluorescence microscopy monitoring RFP-GFP-LC3 transfected HUVECs and Western blot analysis were used to evaluate autophagy. 3-Methyladenine (3-MA), Z-VAD-FMK, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) were used for inhibitor studies. RESULTS HMME-PDT decreased cell proliferation ability in an HMME concentration and light dose-dependent manner. Oxidative stress played an important role in HMME-PDT induced cell apoptosis and autophagy in HUVECs. Pretreatment with Z-VAD-FMK, the inhibitor of apoptosis, enhanced HMME-PDT induced autophagy. 3-MA, the suppressor of autophagy, significantly increased HMME-PDT induced apoptosis rates. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that HMME-PDT induced both apoptosis and autophagy in HUVECs via oxidative stress. Our data suggested that HMME-PDT- induced autophagy was able to prevent apoptotic cell death of HUVECs and rendered them more resistant to HMME-PDT induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Xue
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Florian Gruber
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin Tschachler
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China.
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Tsubone TM, Martins WK, Franco MSF, Silva MN, Itri R, Baptista MS. Cellular compartments challenged by membrane photo-oxidation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 697:108665. [PMID: 33159891 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The lipid composition impacts directly on the structure and function of the cytoplasmic as well as organelle membranes. Depending on the type of membrane, specific lipids are required to accommodate, intercalate, or pack membrane proteins to the proper functioning of the cells/organelles. Rather than being only a physical barrier that separates the inner from the outer spaces, membranes are responsible for many biochemical events such as cell-to-cell communication, protein-lipid interaction, intracellular signaling, and energy storage. Photochemical reactions occur naturally in many biological membranes and are responsible for diverse processes such as photosynthesis and vision/phototaxis. However, excessive exposure to light in the presence of absorbing molecules produces excited states and other oxidant species that may cause cell aging/death, mutations and innumerable diseases including cancer. At the same time, targeting key compartments of diseased cells with light can be a promising strategy to treat many diseases in a clinical procedure called Photodynamic Therapy. Here we analyze the relationships between membrane alterations induced by photo-oxidation and the biochemical responses in mammalian cells. We specifically address the impact of photosensitization reactions in membranes of different organelles such as mitochondria, lysosome, endoplasmic reticulum, and plasma membrane, and the subsequent responses of eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcia S F Franco
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rosangela Itri
- Department of Applied Physics, Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mauricio S Baptista
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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De Silva P, Saad MA, Thomsen HC, Bano S, Ashraf S, Hasan T. Photodynamic therapy, priming and optical imaging: Potential co-conspirators in treatment design and optimization - a Thomas Dougherty Award for Excellence in PDT paper. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020; 24:1320-1360. [PMID: 37425217 PMCID: PMC10327884 DOI: 10.1142/s1088424620300098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is a photochemistry-based approach, approved for the treatment of several malignant and non-malignant pathologies. It relies on the use of a non-toxic, light activatable chemical, photosensitizer, which preferentially accumulates in tissues/cells and, upon irradiation with the appropriate wavelength of light, confers cytotoxicity by generation of reactive molecular species. The preferential accumulation however is not universal and, depending on the anatomical site, the ratio of tumor to normal tissue may be reversed in favor of normal tissue. Under such circumstances, control of the volume of light illumination provides a second handle of selectivity. Singlet oxygen is the putative favorite reactive molecular species although other entities such as nitric oxide have been credibly implicated. Typically, most photosensitizers in current clinical use have a finite quantum yield of fluorescence which is exploited for surgery guidance and can also be incorporated for monitoring and treatment design. In addition, the photodynamic process alters the cellular, stromal, and/or vascular microenvironment transiently in a process termed photodynamic priming, making it more receptive to subsequent additional therapies including chemo- and immunotherapy. Thus, photodynamic priming may be considered as an enabling technology for the more commonly used frontline treatments. Recently, there has been an increase in the exploitation of the theranostic potential of photodynamic therapy in different preclinical and clinical settings with the use of new photosensitizer formulations and combinatorial therapeutic options. The emergence of nanomedicine has further added to the repertoire of photodynamic therapy's potential and the convergence and co-evolution of these two exciting tools is expected to push the barriers of smart therapies, where such optical approaches might have a special niche. This review provides a perspective on current status of photodynamic therapy in anti-cancer and anti-microbial therapies and it suggests how evolving technologies combined with photochemically-initiated molecular processes may be exploited to become co-conspirators in optimization of treatment outcomes. We also project, at least for the short term, the direction that this modality may be taking in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpamali De Silva
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mohammad A. Saad
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hanna C. Thomsen
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shazia Bano
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shoaib Ashraf
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Tsubone TM, Zhang Z, Goyal R, Santacruz C, Martins WK, Kohn J, Baptista MS. Porphyrin-Loaded TyroSpheres for the Intracellular Delivery of Drugs and Photoinduced Oxidant Species. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:2911-2924. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tayana Mazin Tsubone
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Zheng Zhang
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8009, United States
| | - Ritu Goyal
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8009, United States
| | - Carolina Santacruz
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | | | - Joachim Kohn
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8009, United States
| | - Mauricio S. Baptista
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
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Raza A, Archer SA, Fairbanks SD, Smitten KL, Botchway SW, Thomas JA, MacNeil S, Haycock JW. A Dinuclear Ruthenium(II) Complex Excited by Near-Infrared Light through Two-Photon Absorption Induces Phototoxicity Deep within Hypoxic Regions of Melanoma Cancer Spheroids. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4639-4647. [PMID: 32065521 PMCID: PMC7146853 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The
dinuclear photo-oxidizing RuII complex [{Ru(TAP2)}2(tpphz)]4+ (TAP = 1,4,5,8- tetraazaphenanthrene,
tpphz = tetrapyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c:3″,2′′-h:2‴,3′′′-j]phenazine), 14+, is readily
taken up by live cells localizing in mitochondria and nuclei. In this
study, the two-photon absorption cross section of 14+ is quantified and its use as a two-photon absorbing phototherapeutic
is reported. It was confirmed that the complex is readily photoexcited
using near-infrared, NIR, and light through two-photon absorption,
TPA. In 2-D cell cultures, irradiation with NIR light at low power
results in precisely focused phototoxicity effects in which human
melanoma cells were killed after 5 min of light exposure. Similar
experiments were then carried out in human cancer spheroids that provide
a realistic tumor model for the development of therapeutics and phototherapeutics.
Using the characteristic emission of the complex as a probe, its uptake
into 280 μm spheroids was investigated and confirmed that the
spheroid takes up the complex. Notably TPA excitation results in more
intense luminescence being observed throughout the depth of the spheroids,
although emission intensity still drops off toward the necrotic core.
As 14+ can directly photo-oxidize DNA without
the mediation of singlet oxygen or other reactive oxygen species,
phototoxicity within the deeper, hypoxic layers of the spheroids was
also investigated. To quantify the penetration of these phototoxic
effects, 14+ was photoexcited through TPA
at a power of 60 mW, which was progressively focused in 10 μm
steps throughout the entire z-axis of individual
spheroids. These experiments revealed that, in irradiated spheroids
treated with 14+, acute and rapid photoinduced
cell death was observed throughout their depth, including the hypoxic
region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahtasham Raza
- Materials Science & Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin St, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Stuart A Archer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Simon D Fairbanks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Kirsty L Smitten
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Stanley W Botchway
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - James A Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Materials Science & Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin St, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - John W Haycock
- Materials Science & Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin St, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
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Baglo Y, Sorrin AJ, Liang BJ, Huang HC. Harnessing the Potential Synergistic Interplay Between Photosensitizer Dark Toxicity and Chemotherapy. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 96:636-645. [PMID: 31856423 DOI: 10.1111/php.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The combination of photodynamic therapy and taxol- or platinum-based chemotherapy (photochemotherapy) is an effective and promising cancer treatment. While the mechanisms of action of photochemotherapy are actively studied, relatively little is known about the cytotoxicity and molecular alterations induced by the combination of chemotherapy and photosensitizers without light activation in cancer cells. This study investigates the interplay between the photosensitizer benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) without light activation and cisplatin or paclitaxel in two glioblastoma lines, U87 and U251. The combination effect of BPD and cisplatin in U87 cells is slightly synergistic (combination index, CI = 0.93), showing 1.8- to 2.6-fold lower half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50 ) compared to those of individual drugs. In contrast, combining BPD and paclitaxel is slightly antagonistic (CI = 1.14) in U87 cells. In U251 cells, the combinations of BPD and cisplatin or paclitaxel are both antagonistic (CI = 1.24 and 1.34, respectively). Western blotting was performed to investigate changes in the expression levels of YAP, TAZ, Bcl-2 and EGFR in U87 and U251 cells treated with BPD, cisplatin and paclitaxel, both as monotherapies and in combination. Our study provides insights into the molecular alterations in two glioma lines caused by each monotherapy and the combinations, in order to inform the design of effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Baglo
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - Aaron J Sorrin
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - Barry J Liang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - Huang-Chiao Huang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Liang BJ, Pigula M, Baglo Y, Najafali D, Hasan T, Huang HC. Breaking the selectivity-uptake trade-off of photoimmunoconjugates with nanoliposomal irinotecan for synergistic multi-tier cancer targeting. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:1. [PMID: 31898555 PMCID: PMC6939330 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0560-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photoimmunotherapy involves targeted delivery of photosensitizers via an antibody conjugate (i.e., photoimmunoconjugate, PIC) followed by light activation for selective tumor killing. The trade-off between PIC selectivity and PIC uptake is a major drawback limiting the efficacy of photoimmunotherapy. Despite ample evidence showing that photoimmunotherapy is most effective when combined with chemotherapy, the design of nanocarriers to co-deliver PICs and chemotherapy drugs remains an unmet need. To overcome these challenges, we developed a novel photoimmunoconjugate-nanoliposome (PIC-Nal) comprising of three clinically used agents: anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) monoclonal antibody cetuximab (Cet), benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) photosensitizer, and irinotecan (IRI) chemotherapy. RESULTS The BPD photosensitizers were first tethered to Cet at a molar ratio of 6:1 using carbodiimide chemistry to form PICs. Conjugation of PICs onto nanoliposome irinotecan (Nal-IRI) was facilitated by copper-free click chemistry, which resulted in monodispersed PIC-Nal-IRI with an average size of 158.8 ± 15.6 nm. PIC-Nal-IRI is highly selective against EGFR-overexpressing epithelial ovarian cancer cells with 2- to 6-fold less accumulation in low EGFR expressing cells. Successful coupling of PIC onto Nal-IRI enhanced PIC uptake and photoimmunotherapy efficacy by up to 30% in OVCAR-5 cells. Furthermore, PIC-Nal-IRI synergistically reduced cancer viability via a unique three-way mechanism (i.e., EGFR downregulation, mitochondrial depolarization, and DNA damage). CONCLUSION It is increasingly evident that the most effective therapies for cancer will involve combination treatments that target multiple non-overlapping pathways while minimizing side effects. Nanotechnology combined with photochemistry provides a unique opportunity to simultaneously deliver and activate multiple drugs that target all major regions of a cancer cell-plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. PIC-Nal-IRI offers a promising strategy to overcome the selectivity-uptake trade-off, improve photoimmunotherapy efficacy, and enable multi-tier cancer targeting. Controllable drug compartmentalization, easy surface modification, and high clinical relevance collectively make PIC-Nal-IRI extremely valuable and merits further investigations in living animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry J Liang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Michael Pigula
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yan Baglo
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Daniel Najafali
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Huang-Chiao Huang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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Tsubone TM, Baptista MS, Itri R. Understanding membrane remodelling initiated by photosensitized lipid oxidation. Biophys Chem 2019; 254:106263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2019.106263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Inglut CT, Baglo Y, Liang BJ, Cheema Y, Stabile J, Woodworth GF, Huang HC. Systematic Evaluation of Light-Activatable Biohybrids for Anti-Glioma Photodynamic Therapy. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E1269. [PMID: 31438568 PMCID: PMC6780262 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosensitizing biomolecules (PSBM) represent a new generation of light-absorbing compounds with improved optical and physicochemical properties for biomedical applications. Despite numerous advances in lipid-, polymer-, and protein-based PSBMs, their effective use requires a fundamental understanding of how macromolecular structure influences the physicochemical and biological properties of the photosensitizer. Here, we prepared and characterized three well-defined PSBMs based on a clinically used photosensitizer, benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD). The PSBMs include 16:0 lysophosphocholine-BPD (16:0 Lyso PC-BPD), distearoyl-phosphoethanolamine-polyethylene-glycol-BPD (DSPE-PEG-BPD), and anti-EGFR cetuximab-BPD (Cet-BPD). In two glioma cell lines, DSPE-PEG-BPD exhibited the highest singlet oxygen yield but was the least phototoxic due to low cellular uptake. The 16:0 Lyso PC-BPD was most efficient in promoting cellular uptake but redirected BPD's subcellular localization from mitochondria to lysosomes. At 24 h after incubation, proteolyzed Cet-BPD was localized to mitochondria and effectively disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential upon light activation. Our results revealed the variable trafficking and end effects of PSBMs, providing valuable insights into methods of PSBM evaluation, as well as strategies to select PSBMs based on subcellular targets and cytotoxic mechanisms. We demonstrated that biologically informed combinations of PSBMs to target lysosomes and mitochondria, concurrently, may lead to enhanced therapeutic effects against gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin T Inglut
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Yan Baglo
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Barry J Liang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Yahya Cheema
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Jillian Stabile
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Graeme F Woodworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Huang-Chiao Huang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Abrahamse H, Houreld NN. Genetic Aberrations Associated with Photodynamic Therapy in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133254. [PMID: 31269724 PMCID: PMC6651415 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a cancer treatment modality that utilizes three components: light (λ 650-750 nm), a photosensitizer (PS) and molecular oxygen, which upon activation renders the modality effective. Colorectal cancer has one of the highest incident rates as well as a high mortality rate worldwide. In this study, a zinc (Zn) metal-based phthalocyanine (ZnPcSmix) PS was used to determine its efficacy for the treatment of colon adenocarcinoma cells (DLD-1 and Caco-2). Photoactivation of the PS was achieved by laser irradiation at a wavelength of 680 nm. Dose responses were performed to establish optimal PS concentration and irradiation fluence. A working combination of 20 µM ZnPcSmix and 5 J/cm2 was used. Biochemical responses were determined after 1 or 24 h incubation post-treatment. Since ZnPcSmix is localized in lysosomes and mitochondria, mitochondrial destabilization analysis was performed monitoring mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Cytosolic acidification was determined measuring hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels in the cytoplasm. Having established apoptotic cell death induction, an apoptosis PCR array was performed to establish the apoptotic mechanism. In DLD-1 cells, expression of genes included 3 up-regulated and 20 down-regulated genes while in Caco-2 cells, there were 16 up-regulated and 22 down-regulated genes. In both cell lines, in up-regulated genes, there was a combination of pro- and anti-apoptotic genes that were significantly expressed. Gene expression results showed that more tumorigenic cells (DLD-1) went through apoptosis; however, they exhibit increased risk of resistance and recurrence, while less tumorigenic Caco-2 cells responded better to PDT, thus being suggestive of a better prognosis post-PDT treatment. In addition, the possible apoptotic mechanisms of cell death were deduced based on the genetic expression profiling of regulatory apoptotic inducing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa.
| | - Nicolette Nadene Houreld
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
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Ucar E, Seven O, Lee D, Kim G, Yoon J, Akkaya EU. Selectivity in Photodynamic Action: Higher Activity of Mitochondria Targeting Photosensitizers in Cancer Cells. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201800231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Esma Ucar
- Department of ChemistryBilkent University Ankara 06800 Turkey
| | - Ozlem Seven
- UNAM – National Nanotechnology Research CenterBilkent University Ankara 06800 Turkey
| | - Dayoung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano ScienceEwha Womans University Seoul 03760 Korea
| | - Gyoungmi Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano ScienceEwha Womans University Seoul 03760 Korea
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano ScienceEwha Womans University Seoul 03760 Korea
| | - Engin U. Akkaya
- Department of ChemistryBilkent University Ankara 06800 Turkey
- UNAM – National Nanotechnology Research CenterBilkent University Ankara 06800 Turkey
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
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Valli F, García Vior MC, Roguin LP, Marino J. Oxidative stress generated by irradiation of a zinc(II) phthalocyanine induces a dual apoptotic and necrotic response in melanoma cells. Apoptosis 2019; 24:119-134. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-018-01512-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Hadi LM, Yaghini E, Stamati K, Loizidou M, MacRobert AJ. Therapeutic enhancement of a cytotoxic agent using photochemical internalisation in 3D compressed collagen constructs of ovarian cancer. Acta Biomater 2018; 81:80-92. [PMID: 30267880 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical internalisation (PCI) is a method for enhancing delivery of drugs to their intracellular target sites of action. In this study we investigated the efficacy of PCI using a porphyrin photosensitiser and a cytotoxic agent on spheroid and non-spheroid compressed collagen 3D constructs of ovarian cancer versus conventional 2D culture. The therapeutic responses of two human carcinoma cell lines (SKOV3 and HEY) were compared using a range of assays including optical imaging. The treatment was shown to be effective in non-spheroid constructs of both cell lines causing a significant and synergistic reduction in cell viability measured at 48 or 96 h post-illumination. In the larger spheroid constructs, PCI was still effective but required higher saporin and photosensitiser doses. Moreover, in contrast to the 2D and non-spheroid experiments, where comparable efficacy was found for the two cell lines, HEY spheroid constructs were found to be more susceptible to PCI and a lower dose of saporin could be used. PCI treatment was observed to induce death principally by apoptosis in the 3D constructs compared to the mostly necrotic cell death caused by PDT. At low oxygen levels (1%) both PDT and PCI were significantly less effective in the constructs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Assessment of new drugs or delivery systems for cancer therapy prior to conducting in vivo studies often relies on the use of conventional 2D cell culture, however 3D cancer constructs can provide more physiologically relevant information owing to their 3D architecture and the presence of an extracellular matrix. This study investigates the efficacy of Photochemical Internalisation mediated drug delivery in 3D constructs. In 3D cultures, both oxygen and drug delivery to the cells are limited by diffusion through the extracellular matrix unlike 2D models, and in our model we have used compressed collagen constructs where the density of collagen mimics physiological values. These 3D constructs are therefore well suited to studying drug delivery using PCI. Our study highlights the potential of these constructs for identifying differences in therapeutic response to PCI of two ovarian carcinoma lines.
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Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a medical procedure that involves incubation of an exogenously applied photosensitizer (PS) followed by visible light photoactivation to induce cell apoptosis. The Federal Drug Administration has approved PDT for the treatment of actinic keratosis, and clinical guidelines recommend PDT as a treatment for certain non-melanoma skin cancers and acne vulgaris. PDT is an advantageous therapeutic modality as it is low cost, non-invasive, and associated with minimal adverse events and scaring. In the first step of PDT, a PS is applied and allowed to accumulate intracellularly. Subsequent light irradiation induces reactive oxygen species formation, which may ultimately lead to cell apoptosis, membrane disruption, mitochondrial damage, immune modulation, keratinocyte proliferation, and collagen turnover. Herein, we present an in vitro method to study PDT in an adherent cell line. This treatment protocol is designed to simulate PDT and may be adjusted to studying the use of PDT with various cell lines, photosensitizers, incubation temperatures, or photoactivation wavelengths. Squamous cell carcinoma cells were incubated with 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2 mM 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) for 30 min and photoactivated with 417 nm blue light for 1,000 s. The primary outcome measure was apoptosis and necrosis, as measured by annexin-V and 7-aminoactinomycin D flow cytometry. There was a dose-dependent increase in cell apoptosis following thirty-minute incubation of 5-ALA. To achieve high inter-test validity, it is important to maintain consistent incubation and light parameters when performing in vitro PDT experiments. PDT is a useful clinical procedure and in vitro research may allow for the development of novel PSs, optimization of protocols, and new indications for PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Austin
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis; Dermatology Service, Sacramento VA Medical Center;
| | - Jared Jagdeo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis; Dermatology Service, Sacramento VA Medical Center; Department of Dermatology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center
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Jia Y, Li J, Chen J, Hu P, Jiang L, Chen X, Huang M, Chen Z, Xu P. Smart Photosensitizer: Tumor-Triggered Oncotherapy by Self-Assembly Photodynamic Nanodots. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:15369-15380. [PMID: 29652473 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b19058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Clinical photosensitizers suffer from the disadvantages of fast photobleaching and high systemic toxicities because of the off-target photodynamic effects. To address these problems, we report a self-assembled pentalysine-phthalocyanine assembly nanodots (PPAN) fabricated by an amphipathic photosensitizer-peptide conjugate. We triggered the photodynamic therapy effects of photosensitizers by precisely controlling the assembly and disintegration of the nanodots. In physiological aqueous conditions, PPAN exhibited a size-tunable spherical conformation with a highly positive shell of the polypeptides and a hydrophobic core of the π-stacking Pc moieties. The assembly conformation suppressed the fluorescence and the reactive oxygen species generation of the monomeric photosensitizer molecules (mono-Pc) and thus declined the photobleaching and off-target photodynamic effects. However, tumor cells disintegrated PPAN and released the mono-Pc molecules, which exhibited fluorescence for detection and the photodynamic effects for the elimination of the tumor tissues. The molecular dynamics simulations revealed the various assembly configurations of PPAN and illustrated the assembly mechanism. At the cellular level, PPAN exhibited a remarkable phototoxicity to breast cancer cells with the IC50 values in a low nanomolar range. By using the subcutaneous and orthotopic breast cancer animal models, we also demonstrated the excellent antitumor efficacies of PPAN in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , P. R. China
- College of Life Science , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , P. R. China
| | - Jinyu Li
- College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350116 , P. R. China
| | - Jincan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , P. R. China
| | - Ping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , P. R. China
| | - Longguang Jiang
- College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350116 , P. R. China
| | - Xueyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , P. R. China
| | - Mingdong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , P. R. China
- College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350116 , P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , P. R. China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , P. R. China
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41
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Golombek SK, May JN, Theek B, Appold L, Drude N, Kiessling F, Lammers T. Tumor targeting via EPR: Strategies to enhance patient responses. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 130:17-38. [PMID: 30009886 PMCID: PMC6130746 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 765] [Impact Index Per Article: 127.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The tumor accumulation of nanomedicines relies on the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. In the last 5-10 years, it has been increasingly recognized that there is a large inter- and intra-individual heterogeneity in EPR-mediated tumor targeting, explaining the heterogeneous outcomes of clinical trials in which nanomedicine formulations have been evaluated. To address this heterogeneity, as in other areas of oncology drug development, we have to move away from a one-size-fits-all tumor targeting approach, towards methods that can be employed to individualize and improve nanomedicine treatments. To this end, efforts have to be invested in better understanding the nature, the complexity and the heterogeneity of the EPR effect, and in establishing systems and strategies to enhance, combine, bypass and image EPR-based tumor targeting. In the present manuscript, we summarize key studies in which these strategies are explored, and we discuss how these approaches can be employed to enhance patient responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne K Golombek
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan-Niklas May
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Theek
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lia Appold
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Natascha Drude
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Targeted Therapeutics, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.
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42
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Xu P, Jia Y, Yang Y, Chen J, Hu P, Chen Z, Huang M. Photodynamic Oncotherapy Mediated by Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptors. J Med Chem 2017; 60:8667-8672. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Danish-Chinese Centre for
Proteases and Cancer, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Yuhua Jia
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Danish-Chinese Centre for
Proteases and Cancer, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- College
of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Yongshuai Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Danish-Chinese Centre for
Proteases and Cancer, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- College
of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Jincan Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Danish-Chinese Centre for
Proteases and Cancer, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Ping Hu
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Danish-Chinese Centre for
Proteases and Cancer, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Danish-Chinese Centre for
Proteases and Cancer, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Mingdong Huang
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Danish-Chinese Centre for
Proteases and Cancer, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- College
of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, P. R. China
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Fan L, Zhao S, Jin X, Zhang Y, Song C, Wu H. Synergistic chemo-photodynamic therapy by "big & small combo nanoparticles" sequential release system. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 14:109-121. [PMID: 28923402 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemo-photodynamic combination has been manifested great potential for synergistic cancer therapy. Moreover, the synergistic efficacy could be significantly enhanced by well-designed sequential release manner of photosensitizers (PSs). Here we propose a "big & small combo nanoparticles (NPbig&small)" system for double loading PSs methylene blue (MB) and single absorbing chemotherapeutics drug Gemcitabine hydrochloride (GM·HCl). The "grown-in" MB from NPbig&small show two-peak sequential release profile, significantly improve the absorbed chemotherapeutic efficacy of GM·HCl. The corresponding two-peak sequential release profile can be illustrated by related mathematics function. The sequential release property was clearly observed through morphological evolution of NPs both in water and cells by TEM. Furthermore, NPbig&small demonstrate well EPR effect and improved synergistic efficacy from in vitro and in vivo results. Thus, NPbig&small chemo-photodynamic system and the programmable sequential release mechanism provide a promising platform that ensures an enhanced synergistic chemo-photodynamic effect in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical analysis, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Saisai Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, ShenZhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhang
- Department of Administrative, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chaojun Song
- Department of immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical analysis, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Zhao H, Yin R, Wang Y, Lee YH, Luo T, Zhang J, Qiu H, Ambrose S, Wang L, Ren J, Yao J, Chen D, Wang Y, Liang Z, Zhen J, Wu S, Ye Z, Zeng J, Huang N, Gu Y. Modulating mitochondrial morphology enhances antitumor effect of 5-ALA-mediated photodynamic therapy both in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 176:81-91. [PMID: 28964889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
5-aminolevulinic acid mediated PDT (5-ALA-PDT) is an approved therapeutic procedure for treating carcinomas of the cervix. However, when employed as a monotherapy, 5-ALA-PDT could not produce satisfactory results toward large and deep tumors. Therefore, developing a method to improve the efficacy of 5-ALA-PDT becomes important. In this study, we demonstrate an enhanced antitumor effect of 5-ALA-PDT by the modulation of mitochondrial morphology. The mitochondria in the cells were regulated into tubular mitochondria or fragmented mitochondria through over expression of Drp1 or Mfn2. Then these cells were treated with identical dose of 5-ALA-PDT. Our results suggest that HeLa cells predominantly containing fragmented mitochondria were more sensitive to 5-ALA-PDT than the cells predominantly containing tubular mitochondria. The morphology of mitochondria changed as the cell cycle progressed, with tubular mitochondria predominantly exhibited in the S phase and uniformly fragmented mitochondria predominantly displayed in the M phase. Paclitaxel significantly increased the population of M-phase cells, while 5-fluorouracil significantly increased the population of S-phase cells in xenograft tumors. Furthermore, low-dose paclitaxel significantly increased the antitumor effects of PDT. However, 5-fluorouracil didn't improve the antitumor effects of PDT. These results demonstrated an enhanced antitumor effect of 5-ALA-PDT from the modulation of mitochondrial morphology. We anticipate that our results will provide an insight for selecting potential chemotherapeutic agents to combine with PDT for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyou Zhao
- Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, PR China; Department of Genetics, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Rong Yin
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001,PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Yuan-Hao Lee
- Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Ting Luo
- School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jiaying Zhang
- Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Haixia Qiu
- Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Stephen Ambrose
- College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile 36688, USA
| | - Lijie Wang
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Jie Yao
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Defu Chen
- Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Zhipin Liang
- Department of Genetics, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jie Zhen
- Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Sumin Wu
- Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Zulin Ye
- Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Naiyan Huang
- Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Ying Gu
- Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, PR China.
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45
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Tsubone TM, Martins WK, Pavani C, Junqueira HC, Itri R, Baptista MS. Enhanced efficiency of cell death by lysosome-specific photodamage. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6734. [PMID: 28751688 PMCID: PMC5532215 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06788-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Mobilization of specific mechanisms of regulated cell death is a promising alternative to treat challenging illness such as neurodegenerative disease and cancer. The use of light to activate these mechanisms may provide a route for target-specific therapies. Two asymmetric porphyrins with opposite charges, the negatively charged TPPS2a and the positively charged CisDiMPyP were compared in terms of their properties in membrane mimics and in cells. CisDiMPyP interacts to a larger extent with model membranes and with cells than TPPS2a, due to a favorable electrostatic interaction. CisDiMPyP is also more effective than TPPS2a in damaging membranes. Surprisingly, TPPS2a is more efficient in causing photoinduced cell death. The lethal concentration on cell viability of 50% (LC50) found for TPPS2a was ~3.5 (raw data) and ~5 (considering photosensitizer incorporation) times smaller than for CisDiMPyP. CisDiMPyP damaged mainly mitochondria and triggered short-term phototoxicity by necro-apoptotic cell death. Photoexcitation of TPPS2a promotes mainly lysosomal damage leading to autophagy-associated cell death. Our data shows that an exact damage in lysosome is more effective to diminish proliferation of HeLa cells than a similar damage in mitochondria. Precisely targeting organelles and specifically triggering regulated cell death mechanisms shall help in the development of new organelle-target therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Waleska Kerllen Martins
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
- Universidade Santo Amaro, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Christiane Pavani
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
- Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rosangela Itri
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
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Oxidation of protein-bound methionine in Photofrin-photodynamic therapy-treated human tumor cells explored by methionine-containing peptide enrichment and quantitative proteomics approach. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1370. [PMID: 28465586 PMCID: PMC5431048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01409-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In Photofrin-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT), cell fate can be modulated by the subcellular location of Photofrin. PDT triggers oxidative damage to target cells, including the methionine (Met) oxidation of proteins. Here, we developed a new Met-containing peptide enrichment protocol combined with SILAC-based quantitative proteomics, and used this approach to explore the global Met oxidation changes of proteins in PDT-treated epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells preloaded with Photofrin at the plasma membrane, ER/Golgi, or ubiquitously. We identified 431 Met-peptides corresponding to 302 proteins that underwent severe oxidation upon PDT and observed overrepresentation of proteins related to the cell surface, plasma membrane, ER, Golgi, and endosome under all three conditions. The most frequently oxidized Met-peptide sequence was "QAMXXMM-E/G/M-S/G-A/G/F-XG". We also identified several hundred potential Photofrin-binding proteins using affinity purification coupled with LC-MS/MS, and confirmed the bindings of EGFR and cathepsin D with Photofrin. The enzyme activities of both proteins were significantly reduced by Photofrin-PDT. Our results shed light on the global and site-specific changes in Met-peptide oxidation among cells undergoing Photofrin-PDT-mediated oxidative stress originating from distinct subcellular sites, and suggest numerous potential Photofrin-binding proteins. These findings provide new insight into the molecular targets through which Photofrin-PDT has diverse effects on target cells.
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Tasso TT, Tsubone TM, Baptista MS, Mattiazzi LM, Acunha TV, Iglesias BA. Isomeric effect on the properties of tetraplatinated porphyrins showing optimized phototoxicity for photodynamic therapy. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:11037-11045. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01205e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The design of new photosensitizers (PS) with improved properties is essential for the development of photodynamic therapy as an alternative therapeutic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago T. Tasso
- Chemistry Institute
- Biochemistry Department
- University of São Paulo – USP
- São Paulo – SP
- Brazil
| | - Tayana M. Tsubone
- Chemistry Institute
- Biochemistry Department
- University of São Paulo – USP
- São Paulo – SP
- Brazil
| | - Maurício S. Baptista
- Chemistry Institute
- Biochemistry Department
- University of São Paulo – USP
- São Paulo – SP
- Brazil
| | - Lia M. Mattiazzi
- Chemistry department
- Federal University of Santa Maria – UFSM
- Santa Maria – RS
- Brazil
| | - Thiago V. Acunha
- Chemistry department
- Federal University of Santa Maria – UFSM
- Santa Maria – RS
- Brazil
| | - Bernardo A. Iglesias
- Chemistry department
- Federal University of Santa Maria – UFSM
- Santa Maria – RS
- Brazil
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Randazzo W, Aznar R, Sánchez G. Curcumin-Mediated Photodynamic Inactivation of Norovirus Surrogates. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2016; 8:244-250. [PMID: 27496054 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-016-9255-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is extensively used to inactivate different type of pathogens through the use of photosensitizers (PS). Curcumin has been identified as an excellent natural photosensitizer with some potential applications in the food industry. The aim of this study was to assess the antiviral activity of photoactivated curcumin on norovirus surrogates, feline calicivirus (FCV), and murine norovirus (MNV). Initially, different concentrations of curcumin (13.5-1358 µM) were individually mixed with each virus at titers of ca. 6-7 log TCID50/ml and photoactivated by LED blue light with light dose of 3 J/cm2. Results showed that photoactivated curcumin at 50 µg/mL reduced FCV titers by almost 5 log after incubation at 37 °C for 30 min. Lower antiviral activity (0.73 log TCID50/mL reduction) was reported for MNV. At room temperature, curcumin at 5 µg/mL reduced FCV titers by 1.75 log TCID50/mL. These results represent a step forward in improving food safety using photoactivated curcumin as an alternative natural additive to reduce viral contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Randazzo
- Departament of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
- Departament of Microbiology and Ecology, University of Valencia, Av. Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Aznar
- Departament of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
- Departament of Microbiology and Ecology, University of Valencia, Av. Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - G Sánchez
- Departament of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
- Departament of Microbiology and Ecology, University of Valencia, Av. Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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Bastien E, Schneider R, Hackbarth S, Dumas D, Jasniewski J, Röder B, Bezdetnaya L, Lassalle HP. PAMAM G4.5-chlorin e6 dendrimeric nanoparticles for enhanced photodynamic effects. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2016; 14:2203-12. [PMID: 26496965 DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00274e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There is currently great interest in the development of efficient and specific carrier delivery platforms for systemic photodynamic therapy. Therefore, we aimed to develop covalent conjugates between the photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) and PAMAM G4.5 dendrimers. Singlet oxygen generation (SOG) efficiency and fluorescence emission were moderately affected by the covalent binding of the Ce6 to the dendrimer. Compared to free Ce6, PAMAM anchored Ce6 displays a much higher photodynamic effect, which is ascribable to better internalization in a tumor cell model. Intracellular fate and internalization pathway of our different compounds were investigated using specific inhibition conditions and confocal fluorescence microscopy. Free Ce6 was shown to enter the cells by a simple diffusion mechanism, while G4.5-Ce6-PEG internalization was dependent on the caveolae pathway, whereas G4.5-Ce6 was subjected to the clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway. Subcellular localization of PAMAM anchored Ce6, PEGylated or not, was very similar suggesting that the nanoparticles behave similarly in the cells. As a conclusion, we have demonstrated that PEGylated G4.5 PAMAM-Ce6 dendrimers may offer effective biocompatible nanoparticles for improved photodynamic treatment in a preclinical tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Bastien
- Université de Lorraine, Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, Campus Sciences, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France. and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, France
| | - Raphaël Schneider
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), UMR 7274, CNRS, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Steffen Hackbarth
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt, Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominique Dumas
- Université de Lorraine, Plateforme IBISA d'Imagerie et de Biophysique Cellulaire de Nancy, IMOPA7365, FR3209 BMCT, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Jordane Jasniewski
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire d'ingénierie des biomolécues (LIBio), 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Beate Röder
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt, Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lina Bezdetnaya
- Université de Lorraine, Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, Campus Sciences, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France. and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, France
| | - Henri-Pierre Lassalle
- Université de Lorraine, Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, Campus Sciences, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France. and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, France
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The hydroxypyridinone iron chelator CP94 increases methyl-aminolevulinate-based photodynamic cell killing by increasing the generation of reactive oxygen species. Redox Biol 2016; 9:90-99. [PMID: 27454766 PMCID: PMC4961297 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Methyl-aminolevulinate-based photodynamic therapy (MAL-PDT) is utilised clinically for the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers and pre-cancers and the hydroxypyridinone iron chelator, CP94, has successfully been demonstrated to increase MAL-PDT efficacy in an initial clinical pilot study. However, the biochemical and photochemical processes leading to CP94-enhanced photodynamic cell death, beyond the well-documented increases in accumulation of the photosensitiser protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), have not yet been fully elucidated. This investigation demonstrated that MAL-based photodynamic cell killing of cultured human squamous carcinoma cells (A431) occurred in a predominantly necrotic manner following the generation of singlet oxygen and ROS. Augmenting MAL-based photodynamic cell killing with CP94 co-treatment resulted in increased PpIX accumulation, MitoSOX-detectable ROS generation (probably of mitochondrial origin) and necrotic cell death, but did not affect singlet oxygen generation. We also report (to our knowledge, for the first time) the detection of intracellular PpIX-generated singlet oxygen in whole cells via electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy in conjunction with a spin trap. Augmentation of MAL-based photodynamic cell killing with CP94 increases necrosis. CP94 augmentation increases generation of ROS, likely to be mitochondria-localised. PpIX-generated 1O2 was detected in whole cells by EPR spectroscopy. Photodynamic cell killing was dependent primarily on 1O2. Superoxide/other ROS also contributed to the efficacy of photodynamic cell killing.
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