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Wu L, Li P, Xu L, Rao Y, Yin B, Zhou M, Song J, Osuka A. m-Pyripentaphyrins(1.0.0.0.0): B III Complexes and β-β Directly Linked Dimers. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400649. [PMID: 39024038 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
m-Pyripentaphyrins(1.0.0.0.0) were synthesized by Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of 3,5-bis(5-borylpyrrol-2-yl)-BODIPY with 2,6-dibromopyridine. Upon treatment with PhBCl2, pyripentaphyrin 1 provided mono- and bis-BIII complexes sequentially. The Mono-BIII complex shows a distorted tetrahedral coordinated BIII with a σ-phenyl ligand on the BIII and the bis-BIII complex shows an additional distorted tetrahedral coordinated BIII with a B-H bond. Bromination of the pyripentaphyrins with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) resulted in regioselective formation of 8-bromopyripentaphyrins, which were dimerized to 8,8'-linked dimers by reductive coupling with Ni(cod)2. While all these pyripentaphyrins are nonaromatic, they exhibit characteristic broad absorption bands at long wavelength near the NIR region, indicating the presence of effective macrocyclic conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuhui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Pei Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yutao Rao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Bangshao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Mingbo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jianxin Song
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
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2
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Tripathi N, Dutta S, Yadav B, Sinha A, Ravikanth M. Phenothiazine Embedded Dithiasmaragdyrins. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400390. [PMID: 38659279 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Two different types of novel phenothiazine-embedded dithiasmaragdyrins containing one phenothiazine ring, two thiophene rings and two pyrrole rings connected via three meso carbons and two direct bonds in the macrocyclic framework were synthesized over the sequence of synthetic steps starting with phenothiazine. Three examples of phenothiazine-embedded dithiasmaragdyrins were synthesized by condensing appropriate phenothiazine-based pentapyrrane with pentafluorobenzaldehyde and two examples of phenothiazine sulfone embedded dithiasmaragdyrins were synthesized by condensing phenothiazine-based diol with appropriate meso-aryl dipyrromethane under mild acid-catalysed conditions. 1D&2D NMR studies revealed that the thiophene rings adopted inverted orientation in phenothiazine sulfone embedded dithiasmaragdyrins whereas in phenothiazine-embedded dithiasmaragdyrins, the thiophene rings were in normal orientation. Both types of macrocycles exhibit nonaromatic absorption features and showed panchochromic absorption features in its neutral and protonated forms. The electrochemical studies indicated that the phenothiazine-embedded dithiasmaragdyrins were more electron-rich compared to phenothiazine sulfone embedded dithiasmaragdyrins. DFT studies revealed that both types of dithiasmaragdyrins exhibit significantly distorted structures and TD-DFT studies support the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Supriti Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Bharti Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Avisikta Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Mangalampalli Ravikanth
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
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3
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Hu H, Liu Y, Wang B, Fan S, Deng R, Pu X, Huang Y. Catalysts-Controlled Roles Exchange between 2,3-Diaryl-2 H-azirines and Acetone: Chemodivergent Synthesis of Pyrroles and 3-Oxazolines. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6064-6073. [PMID: 38604997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
We report two practical and step-economical methodologies for the chemodivergent synthesis of tri-substituted pyrroles and 3-oxazolines from the domino reactions of 2H-azirines and acetone. For instance, acetone served as a nucleophile to react with 2H-azirines under the basic conditions to furnish pyrroles. Upon changing the catalyst to TfOH, acetone served as an electrophile to synthesize 3-oxazolines. Moreover, the products could be synthesized on a gram scale, and the possible catalytic cycles were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Hu
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014 China
| | - Yangu Liu
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014 China
| | - Beining Wang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014 China
| | - Shangyi Fan
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014 China
| | - Rui Deng
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014 China
| | - Xiang Pu
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014 China
| | - Yu Huang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014 China
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4
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Wang C, Xu L, Rao Y, Yin B, Zhou M, Song J, Osuka A. Di(p-dibenzi)[40]decaphyrin(1.0.0.0.0.1.0.0.0.0) Pd II Complex: A Weakly Hückel 38π-Aromatic Macrocycle. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202300923. [PMID: 37985417 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Di(p-benzi)[40]decaphyrin(1.0.0.0.0.1.0.0.0.0) BF2 complex and tris(p-benzi)[60]pentadecaphyrin(1.0.0.0.0.1.0.0.0.0.1.0.0.0.0) BF2 complex were synthesized by Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of α,α'-diborylated tetrapyrrole BF2 -complex with 1,4-diiodobenzene. Bis-BF2 complex was converted to bis-PdII complex via its free base. Macrocycles bis-BF2 and tris-BF2 complex take Möbius topology but are nonaromatic, since the macrocyclic conjugation is disrupted by the locally aromatic 1,4-phenylene units. In contrast, bis-PdII complex is a weakly Hückel 38π-aromatic macrocycle as evinced by its red-shifted, enhanced, and structured Q-like bands and a small electrochemical HOMO-LUMO gap. Interestingly, one 1,4-pheylene part of bis-PdII complex takes a quinonoidal distorted structure and the other takes a usual benzene structure in a figure-eight conformation with Hückel topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yutao Rao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Bangshao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Mingbo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jianxin Song
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
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5
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Liu P, Wang K, Xu L, Rao Y, Zhou M, Osuka A, Song J. Synthesis of Naphthalene- and Phenanthrene-Fused Smaragdyrins and Their BF 2 Complexes. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300740. [PMID: 37712306 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Naphthalene- and phenanthrene-fused [22]smaragdyrin BF2 -complexes were synthesized by 1) Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of β-brominated [22]smaragdyrin BF2 complexes with 2-formylarylboronates, 2) Witting-type methoxymethylenation of the formyl group, and 3) methanesulfonic acid-catalyzed cyclization reaction. Subsequently these BF2 complexes were deboronized and oxidized to the corresponding antiaromatic [20]smaragdyrin free bases. The installed fused structures led to decrease of the aromatic characters of the [22]smaragdyrin BF2 complexes and the antiaromatic characters of the [20]smaragdyrin free bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Kaisheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yutao Rao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Mingbo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jianxin Song
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
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6
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Malcomson T, Edwards-Yates L, Kerridge A. Tailoring the pore size of expanded porphyrinoids for lanthanide selectivity. RSC Adv 2023; 13:28426-28433. [PMID: 37771918 PMCID: PMC10523133 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05710k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite increase in demand, capacity for the recycling of rare earth elements remains limited, partly due to the inefficiencies with processes currently utilised in the separation of lanthanides. This study highlights the potential use of expanded porphyrinoids in lanthanide separation through selective binding, dependent on the tailored pore size of the macrocycle. Each emerging trend is subjected to multi-factored analysis to decompose the underlying source. Results promote the viability of size-based separation with preferential binding of larger lanthanum(iii) ions to amethyrin and isoamethyrin macrocycles, while smaller macrocycles such as pentaphyrin(0.0.0.0.0) present a preferential binding of lutetium(iii) ions. Additionally, the porphyrin(2.2.2.2) macrocycle shows a selectivity for gadolinium(iii) ions over both larger and smaller ions. An upper limit of applicable pore size is shown to be ≈2.8 Å, beyond which the formed complexes are predicted to be less stable than the corresponding nitrate complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Malcomson
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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7
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Udaya HS, Mishra V, Gopalakrishna TY, Anand VG. Topological Diversity in Electrochemically Active Core-Modified Expanded Porphyrinoids. Org Lett 2023; 25:6628-6632. [PMID: 37669470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Thiophene-based expanded porphyrinoids undergo a transition from a planar conformation to a twisted conformation upon a systematic increase in the number of thiophene units. Octaphyrin, with 40π electrons, displayed temperature-dependent interconversion between planar and nonplanar conformations in the solution state, in contrast to the rigid planar conformation in the solid state. 60π-dodecaphyrin and 70π-tetradecaphyrin have the maximum number of π-electrons for 12- and 14-heterocycle porphyrinoids, respectively. Spectro-electrochemical measurements confirmed facile reversible two-electron oxidation and the unstable radical cation intermediate in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosahalli S Udaya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Vishnu Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Tullimilli Y Gopalakrishna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Venkataramanarao G Anand
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
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8
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Deng W, Liu Y, Shimizu D, Tanaka T, Nakai A, Rao Y, Xu L, Zhou M, Osuka A, Song J. Facile Formation of Stable Neutral Radicals and Cations from [22]Smaragdyrin BF 2 Complexes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203484. [PMID: 36422469 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
meso-Trimesityl-substituted [20]smaragdyrin freebase was synthesized by p-toluenesulfonic acid catalyzed reaction of 5-mesityldipyrromethane and 2,14-dibromodipyrrin in an improved yield of 63 %. Unexpectedly, treatment of the [20]smaragdyrin freebase with BF3 ⋅ OEt2 and triethylamine (TEA) gave a stable radical species, in which the BF2 unit is coordinated at the tripyrrin site, probably by ready release of a hydrogen atom of a [22]smaragdyrin BF2 complex. Similar treatment of [22]smaragdyrin free base produced another [22]smaragdyrin BF2 complex, in which the BF2 unit is coordinated at the dipyrrin site. The tripyrrin site coordinated neutral radical was oxidized with AgSbF6 to give a stable antiaromatic cation; this was reduced with NaBH4 to its 22π congener, which was easily oxidized back to the neutral radical in the air and rearranged to thermodynamically stable dipyrrin site coordinated [22]smaragdyrin BF2 complex upon treatment with BF3 ⋅ OEt2 and TEA. Further, the dipyrrin site coordinated [22]smaragdyrin BF2 complex was similarly oxidized to a stable neutral radical and a stable cation in a stepwise manner. This work demonstrates a rare ability of smaragdyrin BF2 complexes to exist in multiple redox states, particularly forming a stable neutral radical by facile release of a hydrogen atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and, Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of, Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and, Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of, Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, P. R. China
| | - Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Akito Nakai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yutao Rao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and, Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of, Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, P. R. China
| | - Ling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and, Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of, Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, P. R. China
| | - Mingbo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and, Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of, Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, P. R. China
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and, Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of, Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Song
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and, Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of, Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, P. R. China
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9
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Aromatic-bridged and meso-meso-linked BF 2-smaragdyrin dimers exhibit fast decays in polar solvents by symmetry-breaking charge transfer. Commun Chem 2023; 6:25. [PMID: 36759744 PMCID: PMC9911704 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00822-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Symmetry-breaking charge transfer is one of the key process in photosynthetic reaction centers and specific artificial optoelectronic devices such as dye-sensitized solar cells. Here we report the synthesis of aromatic-bridged BF2-smaragdyrin dimers, meso-free BF2-smaragdyrin, and its meso-meso-linked BF2-smaragdyrin dimer. The decays of S1-states of these dimers are accelerated with an increase in solvent polarity and a decrease in the distance between the two BF2-smaragdyrin units, suggesting symmetry-breaking charge transfer. The fluorescence lifetimes of the dimers become shortened in polar solvents. However, ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy do not detect charge-separated ion pairs. On the basis of these results, we conclude that the decays of the excited states of the BF2-smaragdyrin dimers are accelerated by solvation-induced symmetry-breaking charge transfer, depending on the degree of the electronic interaction between the smaragdryin units as a rare case for porphyrinoids. The degree of charge transfer is larger for dimers with larger electronic interactions.
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10
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Organometallic Chemistry within the Structured Environment Provided by the Macrocyclic Cores of Carbaporphyrins and Related Systems. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031496. [PMID: 36771158 PMCID: PMC9920839 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The unique environment within the core of carbaporphyrinoid systems provides a platform to explore unusual organometallic chemistry. The ability of these structures to form stable organometallic derivatives was first demonstrated for N-confused porphyrins but many other carbaporphyrin-type systems were subsequently shown to exhibit similar or complementary properties. Metalation commonly occurs with catalytically active transition metal cations and the resulting derivatives exhibit widely different physical, chemical and spectroscopic properties and range from strongly aromatic to nonaromatic and antiaromatic species. Metalation may trigger unusual, highly selective, oxidation reactions. Alkyl group migration has been observed within the cavity of metalated carbaporphyrins, and in some cases ring contraction of the carbocyclic subunit takes place. Over the past thirty years, studies in this area have led to multiple synthetic routes to carbaporphyrinoid ligands and remarkable organometallic chemistry has been reported. An overview of this important area is presented.
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11
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Yadav B, Isar P, Ravikanth M. Synthesis and Studies of Fused Benzo-Benzisapphyrins. J Org Chem 2023; 88:395-402. [PMID: 36524818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of rare examples of fused benzo-benzisapphyrins were synthesized readily by (3 + 2) condensation of benzodipyrrole-derived diol and para-benzitripyrrane in the presence of 0.5 equiv of TFA in CH2Cl2 under inert atmosphere conditions accompanied by DDQ oxidation in open air. The crude compounds were separated by basic alumina column chromatography and afforded pure fused benzo-benzisapphyrins in 20-22% yields. The fused sapphyrins were characterized in detail by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) NMR spectroscopy. The 1H NMR spectra recorded at both 298 and at 233 K clearly exhibited the presence of a strong diatropic ring current in benzo-benzisapphyrins, and the macrocycles are of aromatic nature. The DFT-optimized structure of benzo-benzisapphyrin revealed that the macrocycle was planar to a great extent due to the rigid structure of the dibenzopyrrole moiety, and the NICS(0) value of -11.2 ppm supports the aromatic nature of macrocycles. The absorption spectra of benzo-benzisapphyrins showed three weak Q bands approximately in the region of 650-900 nm and a strong Soret band at 480 nm, along with a shoulder band at ∼510 nm. The diprotonated derivative generated by the addition of excess TFA to the benzo-benzisapphyrin macrocycle exhibited bathochromically shifted absorption bands compared to the free base macrocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Prosenjit Isar
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraβe 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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12
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Li Q, Ishida M, Wang Y, Li C, Baryshnikov G, Zhu B, Sha F, Wu X, Ågren H, Furuta H, Xie Y. Antiaromatic Sapphyrin Isomer: Transformation into Contracted Porphyrinoids with Variable Aromaticity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202212174. [PMID: 36342501 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sapphyrin is a pentapyrrolic expanded porphyrin with a 22π aromatic character. Herein, we report the synthesis of a 20π antiaromatic sapphyrin isomer 1 by oxidative cyclization of a pentapyrrane precursor P5 with a terminal β-linked pyrrole. The resulting isomer 1, containing a mis-linked bipyrrole unit in the skeleton, exhibits a reactivity for further oxidation due to the distinct antiaromatic electronic structure, affording a fused macrocycle 2, possessing a spiro-carbon-containing [5.6.5.6]-tetracyclic structure. Subsequent treatment with an acid afforded a weakly aromatic pyrrolone-appended N-confused corrole 3, and thermal fusion gave a [5.6.5.7]-tetracyclic-ring-embedded 14π aromatic triphyrin(2.1.1) analog 4. The cyclization at the mis-linked pyrrole moiety of P5 played a crucial role in synthesizing the antiaromatic porphyrinoid susceptible to facile transformation to novel porphyrinoids with variable aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhao Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yunyun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Chengjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Glib Baryshnikov
- Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University, 60174, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Bin Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Feng Sha
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xinyan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Hans Ågren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yongshu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
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13
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Recent Progress in Type I Aggregation-Induced Emission Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010332. [PMID: 36615526 PMCID: PMC9822449 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In modern medicine, precision diagnosis and treatment using optical materials, such as fluorescence/photoacoustic imaging-guided photodynamic therapy (PDT), are becoming increasingly popular. Photosensitizers (PSs) are the most important component of PDT. Different from conventional PSs with planar molecular structures, which are susceptible to quenching effects caused by aggregation, the distinct advantages of AIE fluorogens open up new avenues for the development of image-guided PDT with improved treatment accuracy and efficacy in practical applications. It is critical that as much of the energy absorbed by optical materials is dissipated into the pathways required to maximize biomedical applications as possible. Intersystem crossing (ISC) represents a key step during the energy conversion process that determines many fundamental optical properties, such as increasing the efficiency of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production from PSs, thus enhancing PDT efficacy. Although some review articles have summarized the accomplishments of various optical materials in imaging and therapeutics, few of them have focused on how to improve the phototherapeutic applications, especially PDT, by adjusting the ISC process of organic optics materials. In this review, we emphasize the latest advances in the reasonable design of AIE-active PSs with type I photochemical mechanism for anticancer or antibacterial applications based on ISC modulation, as well as discuss the future prospects and challenges of them. In order to maximize the anticancer or antibacterial effects of type I AIE PSs, it is the aim of this review to offer advice for their design with the best energy conversion.
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14
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Methyl 12-Methyl-3,9-dinitro-5,6,7,12-tetrahydro-13-oxodibenzo[b.g]bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-6-carboxylate and Related Compounds. MOLBANK 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/m1526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A synthesis of the title compound and related structures is reported. The procedure involves double alkylation of a β-ketoester followed by double SNAr ring closure from the γ carbon to give a dibenzo[3.3.1]bicyclic unit. This paper appears to be the first to generate a mid-sized bicyclic target by a double SNAr process. The synthesis can be performed in one step, but yields are superior (52–62%) when a two-stage procedure is used.
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15
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Wei W, Zhao ZX, Xia BH, Li W. Theoretical analysis of expanded porphyrins: Aromaticity, stability, and optoelectronic properties. Front Chem 2022; 10:948632. [PMID: 36118314 PMCID: PMC9476321 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.948632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Expanded porphyrin systems are capable of binding a variety of substrates due to their increased cavity size and aromatic nature, holding important applications as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents and as sensitizers for photodynamic therapy. It is there of fundamental interest to know the photoelectrical properties of expanded porphyrins using quantum chemistry calculations. In this work, we theoretically designed and screened a series of expanded porphyrins by incorporating terthiophene (TTH) and dithienothiophene (DTT) moieties. Our calculations showed that all the designed molecules exhibit excellent optoelectronic performance than the reference molecule. It is suggested that the porphyrin molecule with TTH moiety has better stability than the one with DTT moiety. Finally, we demonstrated that molecule 2 features with TTH moiety and the inverted selenophene ring outperform other molecules because it exhibits increased HOMO-LUMO gap, planar geometry, and strengthened aromaticity. We expect that this work can provide theoretical guidelines for the design of novel porphyrin materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Wei, ; Wei Li,
| | - Zeng-Xia Zhao
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bao-Hui Xia
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Wei, ; Wei Li,
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16
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Rao Y, Xu L, Zhou M, Yin B, Osuka A, Song J. Expanded Azaporphyrins Consisting of Multiple BODIPY Units: Global Aromaticity and High Affinities Towards Alkali Metal Ions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206899. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Rao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Ling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Mingbo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Bangshao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Jianxin Song
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
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17
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18
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He Y, Zhu B, Li Q, Baryshnikov G, Fang YH, Li C, Sha F, Wu XY, Wang BW, Ågren H, Xie Y. Chain Length Modulated Dimerization and Cyclization of Terminal Thienyl-Blocked Oligopyrranes. Org Lett 2022; 24:5428-5432. [PMID: 35838541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of thienyl-blocked bilane and pentapyrrane afforded chain length dependent products of the symmetric dimer D1 and the thienyloligopyrrin-appended pentaphyrin analogue P2, respectively, with the latter formed by simultaneous dimerization and cyclization. Coordination of D1 and P2 with Cu(II) afforded di- and monometallic complexes D1-Cu2 and P2-Cu, respectively. These compounds exhibit distinct NIR absorption, with the absorption tail of D1-Cu2 extended to ca. 1900 nm despite its smaller conjugation framework than that of P2-Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixing He
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Crystal Engineering & Technology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Crystal Engineering & Technology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Qizhao Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Crystal Engineering & Technology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Glib Baryshnikov
- Department of Science & Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Yu-Hui Fang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chengjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Crystal Engineering & Technology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Feng Sha
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Crystal Engineering & Technology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xin-Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Crystal Engineering & Technology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Bing-Wu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hans Ågren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yongshu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Crystal Engineering & Technology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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19
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Shetti VS. Conformationally rigid, π-extended annulated porphyrinoids derived from the naphthobipyrrole motif. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:4452-4470. [PMID: 35579080 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00566b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
π-Extension in porphyrinoids can be achieved by fusing additional aromatic rings onto the macrocycle's periphery and such porphyrinoids are referred to as annulated porphyrinoids. Annulated porphyrinoids display contrasting properties in comparison with their non-annulated congeners. While an annulation strategy can create π-extended systems, the simultaneous incorporation of conformational rigidity in such porphyrinoids can ensure that they adopt a planar structure, and the advantages associated with the extended π-network can be leveraged. Hence, while synthesizing such porphyrinoids, judicial selection of the precursor becomes important. The ease of synthesis and the presence of a β-β'-linked o-phenylene bridge qualify 3,8-1,10-dihydrobenzo[e]pyrrolo[3,2-g]indole, commonly known as naphthobipyrrole, to be one such precursor suitable for the synthesis of conformationally rigid annulated porphyrinoids. This field of study has started to bloom only in the last decade and the examples reported so far are confined to the naphtho-versions of porphycenes (isomeric porphyrin), a few members of the aromatic/antiaromatic expanded porphyrinoids, and calix[n]bipyrroles. In view of this, the current review article aims to summarize the up-to-date developments in this area and discusses the synthesis, structure, and properties of the reported naphthobipyrrole-derived annulated porphyrinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayendra S Shetti
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal 575025, India.
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20
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Rao Y, Xu L, Zhou M, Yin B, Osuka A, Song J. Expanded Azaporphyrins Consisting of Multiple BODIPY Units: Global Aromaticity and High Affinities Towards Alkali Metal Ions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Rao
- Hunan Normal University - Erliban Campus: Hunan Normal University Chemistry CHINA
| | - Ling Xu
- Hunan Normal University - Erliban Campus: Hunan Normal University Chemistry CHINA
| | - Mingbo Zhou
- Hunan Normal University - Erliban Campus: Hunan Normal University Chemistry CHINA
| | - Bangshao Yin
- Hunan Normal University - Erliban Campus: Hunan Normal University Chemistry CHINA
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Hunan Normal University - Erliban Campus: Hunan Normal University Chemistry CHINA
| | - Jianxin Song
- Hunan Normal University Chemistry Yue Lu Qu Lushan Road 36 410081 Changsha CHINA
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21
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Ishimaru Y, Takahashi F, Mochizuki S, Hosoda N, Fujihara T. syn and anti Metal Complexes of 24π Antiaromatic Bis(dicarbonylrhodium(I))dithiaamethyrin. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200198. [PMID: 35514150 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
From the reaction of sterically less hindered tetrapropyl[24]dithiaamethyrin(1.0.0.1.0.0) 5, with [Rh(CO)2Cl]2, a unique anti form of the bis(dicarbonylrhodium(I)) complex (6-anti), where two rhodium ions are on the opposite faces of the macrocyclic ligand, was isolated for the first time in 12% yield along with the corresponding syn isomer (6-syn, 61% yield). These structures were characterized in detail by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. Compound 6-syn exhibited a bowl-shaped structure with the two rhodium atoms separated by a distance of ~4.5 Å. In contrast, 6-anti contained a wave-shaped macrocycle with a distance of ~5.3 Å between the two rhodium atoms. Furthermore, the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and density functional theory calculation results revealed that 6-anti had a stronger paratropic ring current and a more planar structure than 6-syn. The isolation of both 6-anti and 6-syn enabled the structure-property relationship to be discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Ishimaru
- Saitama University, Division of Material Science,Graduate School of Science and Engineering, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku,, 3388570, Saitama, JAPAN
| | - Fumiya Takahashi
- Saitama University: Saitama Daigaku, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, JAPAN
| | - Samu Mochizuki
- Saitama University: Saitama Daigaku, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, JAPAN
| | - Natsuki Hosoda
- Saitama University: Saitama Daigaku, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, JAPAN
| | - Takashi Fujihara
- Saitama University: Saitama Daigaku, Comprehensive Analysis Center for Science, JAPAN
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22
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Sahoo SS, Sahoo S, Panda PK. Monothia [22]pentaphyrin(2.0.1.1.0): a core-modified isomer of sapphyrin. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:6526-6532. [PMID: 35438106 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00698g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel 22π-aromatic sapphyrin isomer endowed with an acene moiety was designed and realised for the first time as a core-modified monothia analogue. This macrocycle exhibited absorption and emission in the near-infrared region. It was diprotonated under strongly acidic conditions and bound to anions like sapphyrin. It showed unusual coordination chemistry, acting as a neutral ligand and undergoing large out-of-plane deformation to bind Pd(II) ions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sameeta Sahoo
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500046, India.
| | - Pradeepta K Panda
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500046, India.
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23
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Zhang Z, Wen B, Rao Y, Xu L, Osuka A, Song J. Meso‐Monoaryl‐Substituted Neo‐confused Calixsmaragdyrins and Meso‐monoaryl Substituted Smaragdyrins: Synthesis, Structures and Properties. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China) Key Laboratory of Application and Assemble of Organic Functional Molecules Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Bin Wen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China) Key Laboratory of Application and Assemble of Organic Functional Molecules Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Yutao Rao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China) Key Laboratory of Application and Assemble of Organic Functional Molecules Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Ling Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China) Key Laboratory of Application and Assemble of Organic Functional Molecules Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China) Key Laboratory of Application and Assemble of Organic Functional Molecules Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Jianxin Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China) Key Laboratory of Application and Assemble of Organic Functional Molecules Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
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24
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Thuita DW, Brückner C. Metal Complexes of Porphyrinoids Containing Nonpyrrolic Heterocycles. Chem Rev 2022; 122:7990-8052. [PMID: 35302354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The replacement of one or more pyrrolic building block(s) of a porphyrin by a nonpyrrolic heterocycle leads to the formation of so-called pyrrole-modified porphyrins (PMPs), porphyrinoids of broad structural variability. The wide range of coordination environments (type, number, charge, and architecture of the donor atoms) that the pyrrole-modified frameworks provide to the central metal ions, the frequent presence of donor atoms at their periphery, and their often observed nonplanarity or conformational flexibility distinguish the complexes of the PMPs clearly from those of the traditional square-planar, dianionic, N4-coordinating (hydro)porphyrins. Their different coordination properties suggest their utilization in areas beyond which regular metalloporphyrins are suitable. Following a general introduction to the synthetic methodologies available to generate pyrrole-modified porphyrins, their general structure, history, coordination chemistry, and optical properties, this Review highlights the chemical, electronic (optical), and structural differences of specific classes of metalloporphyrinoids containing nonpyrrolic heterocycles. The focus is on macrocycles with similar "tetrapyrrolic" architectures as porphyrins, thusly excluding the majority of expanded porphyrins. We highlight the relevance and application of these metal complexes in biological and technical fields as chemosensors, catalysts, photochemotherapeutics, or imaging agents. This Review provides an introduction to the field of metallo-PMPs as well as a comprehensive snapshot of the current state of the art of their synthesis, structures, and properties. It also aims to provide encouragement for the further study of these intriguing and structurally versatile metalloporphyrinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damaris Waiyigo Thuita
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
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25
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Ali MA, Laxman K, Ravikanth M. Synthesis and Studies of Core-Modified Tellura Dithiasapphyrins. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3202-3211. [PMID: 35148081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Four different aromatic meso-substituted tellurophene-containing dithiasapphyrins were synthesized by acid-catalyzed [3+2] condensation of 16-telluratripyrrane with bithiophene diol in 22-23% yields. The structural, spectral, and electrochemical properties of tellura dithiasapphyrins were studied and compared with those of previously reported aza (pyrrole)- and other heterocycle (furan, thiophene, and selenophene)-containing dithiasapphyrins. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies indicated that the tellurophene ring in tellura dithiasapphyrins is in the normal conformation, facing toward the inner core, but flips in diprotonated derivatives to an inverted conformation, facing away from the macrocyclic core, unlike aza- and other heterocycle-containing dithiasapphyrins in which pyrrole and the corresponding heterocycle ring always prefer to be in inverted conformation in their neutral and protonated forms. The crystal structure obtained for one of the tellura dithiasapphyrins showed that the macrocycle is highly planar and the tellurophene ring is in the normal conformation. The absorption spectra of tellura dithiasapphyrins exhibited slight hypsochromic shifts compared to those of pyrrole- and other heterocycle-containing dithiasapphyrins. The redox studies indicated that the tellura dithiasapphyrins are electron deficient and readily undergoes reductions. Density functional theory and nuclear independent chemical shift studies indicated that the macrocycles are aromatic, and the computational results closely matched the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ashif Ali
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Kandala Laxman
- Department of Chemistry, GIS, GITAM Deemed to Be University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam 530045, AP, India
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26
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Li W, Shi R, Chen S, Zhang X, Peng W, Chen S, Li J, Xu XM, Zhu YP, Wang X. Synthesis of Diverse Pentasubstituted Pyrroles by a Gold(I)-Catalyzed Cascade Rearrangement-Cyclization of Tertiary Enamide. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3014-3024. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhong Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Ran Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Sen Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xuesi Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Wei Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Si Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Jiazhu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xin-Ming Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yan-Ping Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xueyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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27
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Sahoo S, Jana M, Rath H. Tailor-made aromatic porphyrinoids with NIR absorption. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1834-1859. [PMID: 35028653 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06336g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The highlight of this article is the recent progress in the state-of-the-art synthetic design and isolation of artificial porphyrinoids by swapping pyrrole component(s) with diverse functionalized pyrrolic(heterocyclic)/carbacycle building block(s) to compare the impact on the electronic absorption spectra and aromaticity of the incorporated isomeric/expanded porphyrinoids. Attention has been directed towards five distinct criteria of utilizing functionalized pyrrolic(heterocyclic)/aromatic hydrocarbons as synthons for NIR absorbing aromatic isomeric (N-confusion)/expanded porphyrinoids (with five/six heterocycles): (i) fused or annelated pyrrole (heterocycle), (ii) functionalized bi-pyrrole/bi-thiophene/bi-furan building blocks, (iii) azulene based carbacycle building block, (iv) vinylogous aromatic carbacycle/heterocycle(s) building block and (v) N-confused pyrrole ring(s), and N-confused fused pyrrole ring(s) leading to π-extension. These hybrid porphyrinoids are ideal candidates for basic research into macrocyclic aromaticity and for many potential applications owing to NIR absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Sahoo
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A/2B Raja S. C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 032, India.
| | - Manik Jana
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A/2B Raja S. C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 032, India.
| | - Harapriya Rath
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A/2B Raja S. C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 032, India.
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Chen C, Ding J, Liu L, Huang Y, Zhu B. Palladium‐Catalyzed Domino Cyclization/Phosphorylation of
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‐Dibromoolefins with P(O)H Compounds: Synthesis of Phosphorylated Heteroaromatics. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules College of Chemistry Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Ding
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules College of Chemistry Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Liying Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules College of Chemistry Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules College of Chemistry Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Bolin Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules College of Chemistry Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
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29
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Panchavarnam S, Sengupta R, Ravikanth M. Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Palladium(II) Complex of α-Formyl Pyrrolyl Dipyrromethene. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:5587-5595. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00166g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple α-formyl pyrrolyl dipyrromethene ligand was synthesized by deboronation of BF2-complex of α-formyl pyrrolyl dipyrrin under Lewis acid-catalyzed conditions. The α-formyl pyrrolyl dipyrrin ligand was treated with PdCl2 in...
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30
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Li F, Wang K, Rao Y, Xu L, Osuka A, Song J. Conformationally Restricted and Three-dimensionally Extended Carbazole-Incorporating Expanded Porphyrinoids. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00834c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Condensation of 3,6-(1-phenyl-1-(2-pyrroyl)methyl)carbazole with pentafluoroaldehyde and subsequent oxidation with DDQ gave a carbazole-incorporating octaphyrin(1.1.1.0.1.1.1.0) analogue, 7, which was shown to exists as locked conformers 7a and 7b. Both conformers were...
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31
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Jia S, Yuan H, Hu R. Design and Structural Regulation of AIE photosensitizers for imaging-guided photodynamic anti-tumor application. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:4443-4457. [DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00864e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has become one of the important therapeutic methods for treating cancer. Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) photosensitizers (PSs) overcome the aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effects of conventional...
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32
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Sengupta R, Ravikanth M, Chandrashekar TK. Inverted and fused expanded heteroporphyrins. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:13268-13320. [PMID: 34747949 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00666e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Expanded heteroporphyrins are a class of porphyrin macrocycles containing pyrrole, thiophene, furan, selenophene and other heterocyclic rings that are connected to form an internal ring pathway containing a minimum of 17 atoms and more than 18 delocalized π electrons in their conjugated macrocyclic framework. Considering that expanded heteroporphyrins are large in size, these macrocycles are structurally flexible and prefer to adopt various conformations in which one or more pyrrole(s)/heterocycle(s) tend to be in an inverted conformation and pointed outward from the centre of the macrocyclic core. The inverted expanded heteroporphyrins are divided into two classes as follows: (1) N-inverted expanded heteroporphyrins and (2) hetero-atom inverted expanded heteroporphyrins. Both inverted expanded heteroporphyrins show quite unique features in terms of their structure, aromaticity, and electronic and coordination properties. Sometimes, inverted expanded heteroporphyrins lead to the formation of fused expanded heteroporphyrins because of the intramolecular fusion of the pyrrole "N" with the "C" of the inverted heterocycle ring, which also exhibit unique features compared to inverted expanded heteroporphyrins. In this review, we attempt to describe the synthesis, structure, and aromatic, electronic and coordination properties of inverted and fused expanded heteroporphyrins. This review covers the synthesis, structure and properties of inverted and fused expanded heteroporphyrins containing a combination of pyrrole/heterocycle rings starting with five pyrrole/heterocycle-containing pentaphyrins, and then expanded heteroporphyrins containing six, seven, eight and more pyrrole/heterocyclic rings in their porphyrin macrocyclic framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Mangalampalli Ravikanth
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Tavarekere K Chandrashekar
- National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, P.O. Jatni, Khurda 752050, Odisha, India.
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Rawat N, Sinha A, Ravikanth M. Synthesis and Structural Properties of NIR-Absorbing Pyridine-Containing Heptaphyrins. Chem Asian J 2021; 17:e202101141. [PMID: 34783449 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Four examples of stable nonaromatic pyridine containing heteroheptaphyrins (pyrithiaheptaphyrins) 2-5 were synthesized in 8-13% yields by [5+2] condensation of newly synthesized pyridine-based pentapyrrane 8 and bithiophene diol 9 a-d. The X-ray crystallographic analysis of macrocycle 2 proved that the macrocycle assumes a highly planar structure with two inverted thiophene rings. The heteroheptaphyrins 2-5 are asymmetric and showed a greater number of resonances in 1 H NMR spectra compared to our previously reported symmetric heterohexaphyrin (pyrithiahexaphyrin) 1 c. Most of the macrocyclic core protons in pyrithiahepaphyrins 2-5 experienced upfield/downfield shifts compared to pyrithiahexaphyrin 1 c indicating the alteration of π-conjugation in the macrocycles. The absorption bands were significantly red-shifted and located in the NIR region in macrocycles 2-5 compared to 1 c supporting the increase of π-delocalization. The theoretical studies support the experimental findings and NICS(0) value supports the non-aromaticity of the macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Rawat
- Indian Institute of Technology, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Avisikta Sinha
- Indian Institute of Technology, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
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34
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Pham TC, Nguyen VN, Choi Y, Lee S, Yoon J. Recent Strategies to Develop Innovative Photosensitizers for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy. Chem Rev 2021; 121:13454-13619. [PMID: 34582186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 588] [Impact Index Per Article: 196.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review presents a robust strategy to design photosensitizers (PSs) for various species. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a photochemical-based treatment approach that involves the use of light combined with a light-activated chemical, referred to as a PS. Attractively, PDT is one of the alternatives to conventional cancer treatment due to its noninvasive nature, high cure rates, and low side effects. PSs play an important factor in photoinduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Although the concept of photosensitizer-based photodynamic therapy has been widely adopted for clinical trials and bioimaging, until now, to our surprise, there has been no relevant review article on rational designs of organic PSs for PDT. Furthermore, most of published review articles in PDT focused on nanomaterials and nanotechnology based on traditional PSs. Therefore, this review aimed at reporting recent strategies to develop innovative organic photosensitizers for enhanced photodynamic therapy, with each example described in detail instead of providing only a general overview, as is typically done in previous reviews of PDT, to provide intuitive, vivid, and specific insights to the readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Chung Pham
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Van-Nghia Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yeonghwan Choi
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Songyi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.,Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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Chen QC, Fridman N, Tumanskii B, Gross Z. A chromophore-supported structural and functional model of dinuclear copper enzymes, for facilitating mechanism of action studies. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12445-12450. [PMID: 34603675 PMCID: PMC8480325 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02593g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Type III dicopper centres are the heart of the reactive sites of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of catechols. Numerous synthetic model complexes have been prepared to uncover the fundamental chemistry involved in these processes, but progress is still lagging much behind that for heme enzymes. One reason is that the latter gain very much from the informative spectroscopic features of their porphyrin-based metal-chelating ligand. We now introduce sapphyrin-chelated dicopper complexes and show that they may be isolated in different oxidation states and coordination geometries, with distinctive colors and electronic spectra due to the heme-like ligands. The dicopper(i) complex 1-Cu2 was characterized by 1H and 19F NMR spectroscopy of the metal-chelating sapphyrin, the oxygenated dicopper(ii) complex 1-Cu2O2 by EPR, and crystallographic data was obtained for the tetracopper(ii)-bis-sapphyrin complex [1-Cu2O2]2. This uncovered a non-heme [Cu4(OH)4]4− cluster, held together with the aid of two sapphyrin ligands, with structural features reminiscent of those of catechol oxidase. Biomimetic activity was demonstrated by the 1-Cu2O2 catalyzed aerobic oxidation of catechol to quinone; the sapphyrin ligand aided very much in gaining information about reactive intermediates and the rate-limiting step of the reaction. Di-copper chelation by sapphyrin facilitates reaction mechanism investigations and characterization of reactive intermediates regarding biomimetic catechol oxidation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Cheng Chen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Natalia Fridman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Boris Tumanskii
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Zeev Gross
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
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36
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Gong Q, Wu Q, Guo X, Li W, Wang L, Hao E, Jiao L. Strategic Construction of Sulfur-Bridged BODIPY Dimers and Oligomers as Heavy-Atom-Free Photosensitizers. Org Lett 2021; 23:7220-7225. [PMID: 34463517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
An efficient strategy for building sulfur-bridged oligo-BODIPYs based on the SNAr reaction is described. These oligo-BODIPYs showed broadband and strong visible-near-infrared (NIR) light absorption, strong intramolecular exciton coupling, and efficient intersystem crossing (ISC). Generation of 1O2 as well as O2•- under irradiation was found to give high reactive oxygen species generation efficiencies for those oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbao Gong
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Xing Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Wanwan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Long Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Erhong Hao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Lijuan Jiao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
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37
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Ojha B, Sengupta R, Kumar S, Ravikanth M. Synthesis of crown ether appended 25-Oxasmaragdyrins and their BF2-Complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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38
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Neo-Porphyrinoids: New Members of the Porphyrinoid Family. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2021; 379:26. [PMID: 34009495 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-021-00338-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The four pyrrole rings and four meso carbons of tetrapyrrolic porphyrins can be arranged in different ways and the resulting porphyrin isomers exhibit very distinct electronic properties. The extensive research carried out on the porphyrins over the years has revealed that porphyrin can have several possible isomers and some of these have been identified and synthesized. Among the porphyrin isomers synthesized so far, porphycene and N-confused porphyrins have been investigated extensively whereas the other porphyrin isomers such as hemiporphycene, corrphycene and isoporphycene remain underdeveloped because of synthetic difficulties and their inherently unstable nature. Neoporphyrinoids are new members of the porphyrinoid family that were discovered serendipitously in 2011. Neoporphyrinoids are structural analogues of porphyrinoids with a confused pyrrole nitrogen linked to a meso carbon or the adjacent pyrrole carbon. Thus, neoporphyrinoids have an unusual structure in which pyrrole N is a part of a porphyrinoid framework and the lone pair of electrons on nitrogen participate in macrocyclic conjugation. It's been a decade since the discovery and different types of neoporphyrinoids, including regular, contracted and expanded neoporphyrinoids, have been synthesized by rational synthetic methodologies and their spectral, structural, aromatic and coordination properties have been studied. There is huge scope to develop different synthetic routes to produce new types of stable neoporphyrinoids to study their properties and potential applications. This article presents a brief overview of the synthesis, structure and properties of the neoporphyrinoids reported in this decade.
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39
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Nakai A, Yoneda T, Tanaka T, Osuka A. Pd II insertion-triggered meso-carbon extrusion of N-fused pentaphyrin to form N-fused sapphyrin Pd II complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3034-3037. [PMID: 33624682 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00518a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
meso-Carbon extrusion of N-fused [22]pentaphyrin(1.1.1.1.1) occurred upon its PdII complexation, giving N-fused [22]pentaphyrin (1.1.1.1.0) ([22]sapphyrin) PdII complexes 5 and 6 as 22π aromatic compounds. Oxidation of 5 with DDQ and Sc(OTf)3 gave directly C-N linked dimer 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Nakai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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40
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Pino-Rios R, Montenegro-Pohlhammer N, Cárdenas-Jirón G. Assessment of New Expanded Porpholactones as UV/Vis/NIR Chromophores for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Applications. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:2267-2275. [PMID: 33724841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c11188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Expanded porphyrins arise as an alternative for potential application as chromophores in dye-sensitized solar cells. (DSSCs). The modification of the core of these compounds provides remarkable changes in the photoelectronic behavior. In the present article, the improvement of its properties for a potential application as UV/vis/NIR chromophores in DSSCs has been studied, when an oxazolone moiety has replaced an imine ring in analogy to the porpholactones first synthesized by Crossley et al. ( J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984, 920-922). These expanded porpholactones present a noticeable red shift as well as an increase in the intensity of the Q-bands regarding the parent compounds. The photophysical properties of Sapphyrin have been explored through DFT calculations and vibrationally resolved absorption spectra simulations. Energetic parameters showed favorable electron injection from the chromophore to the TiO2 semiconductor. In addition, aromaticity was analyzed and rationalized using magnetic and delocalization criteria. Results showed qualitatively similar trends between aromaticity descriptors and Q bands giving a great opportunity to the use this property in the rational design of chromophores. Finally, the nonequilibrium Green's function formalism shows the ability of expanded porpholactones in electron transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Pino-Rios
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), 8320000 Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Montenegro-Pohlhammer
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), 8320000 Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Sevilla, c/Profesor García González, s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gloria Cárdenas-Jirón
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), 8320000 Santiago, Chile
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41
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Sahoo S, Velmurugan G, Chakraborty B, Comba P, Rath H. NIR absorbing aromatic (antiaromatic) vinylogous carbasapphyrins (3.3.1.0.1) with built-in fused dipolar aromatic hydrocarbon: synthesis and characterization. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01247a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Variants of vinylogous core modified carbasapphyrins with a built-in fused dipolar aromatic hydrocarbon moiety paving the way to a strong diatropicity/paratropicity with vis-NIR absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Sahoo
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A/2B Raja S.C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 032, India
| | - Gunasekaran Velmurugan
- Heidelberg University, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Buddhadeb Chakraborty
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A/2B Raja S.C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 032, India
| | - Peter Comba
- Heidelberg University, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Harapriya Rath
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A/2B Raja S.C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 032, India
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42
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Laxman K, Reddy BPK, Mishra SK, Gopal MB, Robinson A, De A, Srivastava R, Ravikanth M. BF 2-Oxasmaragdyrin Nanoparticles: A Non-toxic, Photostable, Enhanced Non-radiative Decay-Assisted Efficient Photothermal Cancer Theragnostic Agent. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:52329-52342. [PMID: 33170618 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT), a simple and minimally invasive procedure, is an attractive option for cancer therapy. To date, inorganic agents have been widely employed as photothermal agents; however, organic molecules may provide a solution to rapid metabolic/in vivo clearance. Herein, we prepared lipid (S 75)-stabilized meso-tritolyl-BF2-oxasmaragdyrin nanoparticles (TBSNPs) using thin-film hydration and homogenization. Assessment of the physicochemical properties of the TBSNPs reveals the formation of particles of size <12 nm stabilized within the lipid matrix. The TBSNPs exhibit near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) being accompanied by an increase in non-radiative decay, leading to excellent photothermal properties. In vitro studies demonstrate excellent biocompatibility, hemocompatibility, cellular internalization, and photothermal efficacy (p = 0.0004). Extensive in vivo assessment of TBSNPs also highlights the non-toxic nature of the material and passive tumor homing. The strong NIRF exhibited by the material is exploited for whole-body imaging in the rodent model. The novel material also shows excellent photothermal efficacy (p = 0.0002) in a 4T1 xenograft mice model. The organic nature of the material coupled with its small size and strong NIRF provides an advantage for bio-elimination and potential clinical image-guided therapy over the inorganic counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandala Laxman
- IITB-Monash Research Academy, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, (Building 23, Room 114C), Wellington Road Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - B Pradeep K Reddy
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sumit K Mishra
- Molecular Functional Imaging Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
- Department of Life Sciences, Homi Bhabha National Institute, BARC Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Maddala Bala Gopal
- IITB-Monash Research Academy, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Andrea Robinson
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, (Building 23, Room 114C), Wellington Road Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Abhijit De
- Molecular Functional Imaging Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
- Department of Life Sciences, Homi Bhabha National Institute, BARC Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Rohit Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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44
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Wei W, Ren W, Jian W, Xia B, Zhang H, Bai FQ, Li W. Stability, Aromaticity, and Photophysical Behaviors of Macrocyclic Molecules: A Theoretical Analysis. Front Chem 2020; 8:776. [PMID: 33102432 PMCID: PMC7500243 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The macrocyclic molecules with terthiophene (TTH) isomers unit exhibit intriguing properties in terms of aromaticity, stability, and absorption. In this work, we theoretically designed a series of macrocyclic molecules featured with TTH and dithienothiophene (DTT) π-conjugated building units, which are used to permute pyrrole unit in porphyrin skeleton. Density functional theory and time-dependent DFT methods are used to evaluate the performance of the designed molecules. Our simulations show that molecules 1–3 exhibit excellent optoelectronic performance. Specifically, the molecule with the DTT unit is more stable than the one with TTH unit in terms of aromaticity and aromatic stabilization energy. This is because DTT unit enhances the coplanarity of the molecular material, facilitating electronic communication. Calculation of vertical electronic excitations suggests the absorption feature of these molecules is mainly contributed by the electronic excitations of higher occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) → lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO)+1 and HOMO-1 → LUMO. Judging from the key parameters determining the overall performance, 3 stands out because of its good planarity, large HOMO–LUMO gap, and strong aromaticity among all molecules. Interestingly, molecule 1 has the current density flow distributes around the outer section of TTH unit; in contrast, molecule 3 with DTT unit has the current density flow located at the inner section of DTT, which is beneficial for stability and aromaticity. Second-order perturbation energies are calculated to rationalize this observation. We expect that these research results can provide valuable insights into the rational design of novel molecular materials for a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenhui Ren
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Jian
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Baohui Xia
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fu-Quan Bai
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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45
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Pino-Rios R, Cárdenas-Jirón G, Tiznado W. Local and macrocyclic (anti)aromaticity of porphyrinoids revealed by the topology of the induced magnetic field. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:21267-21274. [PMID: 32935691 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03272g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aromaticity in porphyrinoids results from the π conjugation through two different annular perimeters: the macrocyclic ring and the local heterocyclic rings appended to it. Analyses, based on aromatic stabilization energies (ASE), indicate that the local circuits (6π) are responsible for the significant aromatic stabilization of these systems. This local aromaticity can be coupled with the one from 4n + 2π macrocyclic circuit. It can either compensate for the destabilization due to a 4n π macrocyclic circuit, or be the only source of aromatic stabilization in porphyrinoids with macrocycles without π-conjugated bonds. This "multifaceted" aromatic character of porphyrinoids makes it challenging to analyze their aromaticity using magnetic descriptors because of the intricate interaction of local versus macro-cyclic circulation. In this contribution, we show that the analysis of the bifurcation of the induced magnetic field, Bind, allows clear identification and quantification of both local, and macrocyclic aromaticity, in a representative group of porphyrinioids. In porphyrin, bifurcation values accurately predict the local and macrocyclic contribution rate to overall aromatic stabilization determined by ASE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Pino-Rios
- Laboratorio de Química teórica, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Santiago, Estación Central, Región Metropolitana, Chile.
| | - Gloria Cárdenas-Jirón
- Laboratorio de Química teórica, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Santiago, Estación Central, Región Metropolitana, Chile.
| | - William Tiznado
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello (UNAB), Av. República 275, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile.
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Szyszko B, Latos-Grażyński L. Expanded Carbaporphyrinoids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16874-16901. [PMID: 31825555 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This Review outlines the progress in the field of synthetic expanded carbaporphyrinoids. The evolution of this topic is demonstrated with expanded porphyrin-inspired systems with a variety of incorporated entities that introduce one or more carbon atoms into the cavity. The discussion starts with platyrins-the macrocycles that were identified as parent molecules of not only the expanded carbaporphyrinoids, but the carbaporphyrinoid class in general. After historic considerations, the plethora of expanded porphyrin-like macrocycles containing N-confused or neo-confused pyrrole motifs and different carbocyclic subunits are presented. Special emphasis is given to applications of expanded carbaporphyrinoids in different areas, including organometallic chemistry, switching systems, or aromaticity, concluding with the demonstration of a covalent cage based on an expanded carbaporphyrinoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szyszko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szyszko
- Department of Chemistry University of Wrocław 14 F. Joliot-Curie St. 50-383 Wrocław Polen
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48
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Laxman K, Reddy BPK, Robinson A, Srivastava R, Ravikanth M. Cell‐Penetrating Peptide‐Conjugated BF
2
‐Oxasmaragdyrins as NIRF Imaging and Photothermal Agents. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1783-1787. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kandala Laxman
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076 India
- School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton, Melbourne Australia
- IITB-Monash Research Academy IIT Bombay Powai, Mumbai India
| | | | - Andrea Robinson
- School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton, Melbourne Australia
| | - Rohit Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering IIT Bombay Powai, Mumbai India
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49
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Li Y, Zhou M, Xu L, Zhou B, Rao Y, Nie H, Gu T, Zhou J, Liang X, Yin B, Zhu W, Osuka A, Song J. Simultaneous Implementation of N-Heterocycle-Fused Bridge and Modified Pyrrole Unit on Ni(II) Porphyrin Dimers. Org Lett 2020; 22:6001-6005. [PMID: 32692918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation of NiII-porphyrin dimer 10 with PbO2 or MnO2 resulted in the simultaneous implementation of an N-heterocycle-fused bridge and a modified pyrrole to give three unprecedented porphyrin dimers 11, 12, and 13. The reduction of 12 smoothly afforded 14. The structures of these dimers were all unambiguously confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. These dimers show significantly red-shifted absorption bands and perturbed electrochemical properties with a decreasing HOMO-LUMO gap in the order of 14 > 13 > 11 > 12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China
| | - Mingbo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China
| | - Ling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China
| | - Bixiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China
| | - Yutao Rao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China
| | - Haigen Nie
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Gu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China
| | - Xu Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Bangshao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China
| | - Weihua Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Song
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China
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50
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Mori D, Yoneda T, Suzuki M, Hoshino T, Neya S. Deprotection of a benzyl unit induces a 22π aromatic macrocycle of 3-oxypyripentaphyrin(0.1.1.1.0) with strong NIR absorption. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:5334-5338. [PMID: 32608449 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01213k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report aromaticity switching from a 6π pyridine ring to a 22π macrocyclic ring of 3-oxypyripentaphyrin(0.1.1.1.0). This system has potential applications in photodynamic therapy owing to macrocyclic aromaticity being selectively induced by protecting group removal and strong absorption bands produced in the NIR region especially in methanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Mori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Tomoki Yoneda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan and Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Masaaki Suzuki
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060, Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Tyuji Hoshino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Saburo Neya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
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