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Lund PM, Kristensen K, Larsen NW, Knuhtsen A, Hansen MB, Hjørringgaard CU, Eriksen AZ, Urquhart AJ, Mortensen KI, Simonsen JB, Andresen TL, Larsen JB. Tuning the double lipidation of salmon calcitonin to introduce a pore-like membrane translocation mechanism. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 669:198-210. [PMID: 38713958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.04.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
A widespread strategy to increase the transport of therapeutic peptides across cellular membranes has been to attach lipid moieties to the peptide backbone (lipidation) to enhance their intrinsic membrane interaction. Efforts in vitro and in vivo investigating the correlation between lipidation characteristics and peptide membrane translocation efficiency have traditionally relied on end-point read-out assays and trial-and-error-based optimization strategies. Consequently, the molecular details of how therapeutic peptide lipidation affects it's membrane permeation and translocation mechanisms remain unresolved. Here we employed salmon calcitonin as a model therapeutic peptide and synthesized nine double lipidated analogs with varying lipid chain lengths. We used single giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV) calcein influx time-lapse fluorescence microscopy to determine how tuning the lipidation length can lead to an All-or-None GUV filling mechanism, indicative of a peptide mediated pore formation. Finally, we used a GUVs-containing-inner-GUVs assay to demonstrate that only peptide analogs capable of inducing pore formation show efficient membrane translocation. Our data provided the first mechanistic details on how therapeutic peptide lipidation affects their membrane perturbation mechanism and demonstrated that fine-tuning lipidation parameters could induce an intrinsic pore-forming capability. These insights and the microscopy based workflow introduced for investigating structure-function relations could be pivotal for optimizing future peptide design strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Lund
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; DTU Health Tech, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kasper Kristensen
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; DTU Health Tech, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nanna W Larsen
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; DTU Health Tech, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Astrid Knuhtsen
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; DTU Health Tech, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Morten B Hansen
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; DTU Health Tech, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Claudia U Hjørringgaard
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; DTU Health Tech, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne Z Eriksen
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; DTU Health Tech, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andrew J Urquhart
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; DTU Health Tech, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kim I Mortensen
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; DTU Health Tech, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jens B Simonsen
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; DTU Health Tech, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas L Andresen
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; DTU Health Tech, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Jannik B Larsen
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; DTU Health Tech, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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2
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Ji K, Yao Y, Gao Y, Huang S, Ma L, Pan Q, Wu J, Zhang W, Chen H, Zhang L. Evaluating the cytotoxicity mechanism of the cell-penetrating peptide TP10 on Jurkat cells. Biochimie 2024; 221:182-192. [PMID: 37922978 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
TP10, a classic cell-penetrating peptide, shows a high degree of similarity to AMPs in structure. Although TP10 has been widely used in drug delivery, the mechanism underlying its cytotoxicity is yet to be elucidated. Herein, we explored the cell-killing mechanism of TP10 against human leukemia Jurkat cells. TP10 induced necrosis in Jurkat cells via rapid disruption of cell membranes, particularly at high concentrations. Although mitochondria in Jurkat cells were damaged by TP10, mitochondria-mediated apoptosis did not occur, possibly due to intracellular ATP depletion. Necroptosis in TP10-treated Jurkat cells became an alternative route of apoptosis. Our results demonstrate that necrosis and necroptosis rather than apoptosis are involved in the cell-killing mechanism of TP10, which contributes to the understanding of its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ji
- The First Hospital, The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yufan Yao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuxuan Gao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Sujie Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ling Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qing Pan
- The First Hospital, The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jun Wu
- The First Hospital, The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Hongmei Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- The First Hospital, The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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3
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Liu H, Wang H. From cells to subcellular organelles: Next-generation cancer therapy based on peptide self-assembly. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 209:115327. [PMID: 38703895 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Due to the editability, functionality, and excellent biocompatibility of peptides, in situ self-assembly of peptides in cells is a powerful strategy for biomedical applications. Subcellular organelle targeting of peptides assemblies enables more precise drug delivery, enhances selectivity to disease cells, and mitigates drug resistance, providing an effective strategy for disease diagnosis and therapy. This reviewer first introduces the triggering conditions, morphological changes, and intracellular locations of self-assembling peptides. Then, the functions of peptide assemblies are summarized, followed by a comprehensive understanding of the interactions between peptide assemblies and subcellular organelles. Finally, we provide a brief outlook and the remaining challenges in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, No. 600 Dunyu Road, Sandun Town, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China; Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huaimin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, No. 600 Dunyu Road, Sandun Town, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China; Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.
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4
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Li C, Zhou Z, Wang W, Zhao Y, Yin X, Meng Y, Zhao P, Wang M, Liu X, Wang X, Wang S, Ren B, Zhang L, Xia X. Development of Antibacterial Peptides with Membrane Disruption and Folate Pathway Inhibitory Activities against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Med Chem 2024; 67:1044-1060. [PMID: 38173250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) offer an opportunity to overcome multidrug resistance. Here, novel peptides were designed based on AMP fragments derived from sea cucumber hemolytic lectin to enhance anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) activity with less side effects. Two designed peptides, CGS19 (LARVARRVIRFIRRAW-NH2) and CGS20 (RRRLARRLIFFIRRAW-NH2), exhibited strong antibacterial activities against clinically isolated MRSA with MICs of 3-6 μM, but no obvious cytotoxicity was observed. Consistently, CGS19 and CGS20 exerted rapid bactericidal activity and effectively induced 5.9 and 5.8 log reduction of MRSA counts in mouse subeschar, respectively. Further, CGS19 and CGS20 kill bacteria not only through disturbing membrane integrity but also by binding formate-tetrahydrofolate ligase, a key enzyme in the folate metabolism pathway, thereby inhibiting the folate pathway of MRSA. CGS19 and CGS20 are promising lead candidates for drug development against MRSA infection. The dual mechanisms on the identical peptide sequence or scaffold might be an underappreciated manner of treating life-threatening pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Bio-Manufacturing, Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital, Cheloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ziyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Weitao Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Bio-Manufacturing, Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Bio-Manufacturing, Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
| | - Xin Yin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Bio-Manufacturing, Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
| | - Yiwei Meng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Bio-Manufacturing, Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
| | - Peipei Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Bio-Manufacturing, Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Bio-Manufacturing, Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
| | - Xueting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xinye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shenlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xuekui Xia
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Bio-Manufacturing, Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
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5
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Song P, Zhao L, Zhu L, Sha G, Dong W. BsR1, a broad-spectrum antibacterial peptide with potential for plant protection. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0257823. [PMID: 37948344 PMCID: PMC10714738 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02578-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE This study addresses the critical need for new antibacterial drugs in the face of bacterial multidrug resistance resulting from antibiotic overuse. It highlights the significance of antimicrobial peptides as essential components of innate immunity in animals and plants, which have been proven effective against multidrug-resistant bacteria and are difficult to develop resistance against. This study successfully synthesizes a broad-spectrum antibacterial peptide, BsR1, with strong inhibitory activities against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. BsR1 demonstrates favorable stability and a mode of action that damages bacterial cell membranes, leading to cell death. It also exhibits biological safety and shows potential in enhancing disease resistance in rice. This research offers a novel approach and potential medication for antibacterial drug development, presenting a valuable tool in combating pathogenic microorganisms, particularly in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Song
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology and the Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring & Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology and the Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring & Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology and the Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring & Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gan Sha
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology and the Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring & Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wubei Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology and the Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring & Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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6
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Johnson TS, Bourdine AA, Deber CM. Hydrophobic moment drives penetration of bacterial membranes by transmembrane peptides. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105266. [PMID: 37734555 PMCID: PMC10585379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
With antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remaining a persistent and growing threat to human health worldwide, membrane-active peptides are gaining traction as an alternative strategy to overcome the issue. Membrane-embedded multi-drug resistant (MDR) efflux pumps are a prime target for membrane-active peptides, as they are a well-established contributor to clinically relevant AMR infections. Here, we describe a series of transmembrane peptides (TMs) to target the oligomerization motif of the AcrB component of the AcrAB-TolC MDR efflux pump from Escherichia coli. These peptides contain an N-terminal acetyl-A-(Sar)3 (sarcosine; N-methylglycine) tag and a C-terminal lysine tag-a design strategy our lab has utilized to improve the solubility and specificity of targeting for TMs previously. While these peptides have proven useful in preventing AcrB-mediated substrate efflux, the mechanisms by which these peptides associate with and penetrate the bacterial membrane remained unknown. In this study, we have shown peptide hydrophobic moment (μH)-the measure of concentrated hydrophobicity on one face of a lipopathic α-helix-drives bacterial membrane permeabilization and depolarization, likely through lateral-phase separation of negatively-charged POPG lipids and the disruption of lipid packing. Our results show peptide μH is an important consideration when designing membrane-active peptides and may be the determining factor in whether a TM will function in a permeabilizing or non-permeabilizing manner when embedded in the bacterial membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler S Johnson
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aleksandra A Bourdine
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles M Deber
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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7
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Almeida PF. In Search of a Molecular View of Peptide-Lipid Interactions in Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 37478368 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Lipid bilayer membranes are often represented as a continuous nonpolar slab with a certain thickness bounded by two more polar interfaces. Phenomena such as peptide binding to the membrane surface, folding, insertion, translocation, and diffusion are typically interpreted on the basis of this view. In this Perspective, I argue that this membrane representation as a hydrophobic continuum solvent is not adequate to understand peptide-lipid interactions. Lipids are not small compared to membrane-active peptides: their sizes are similar. Therefore, peptide diffusion needs to be understood in terms of free volume, not classical continuum mechanics; peptide solubility or partitioning in membranes cannot be interpreted in terms of hydrophobic mismatch between membrane thickness and peptide length; peptide folding and translocation, often involving cationic peptides, can only be understood if realizing that lipids adapt to the presence of peptides and the membrane may undergo considerable lipid redistribution in the process. In all of those instances, the detailed molecular interactions between the peptide residues and the lipid components are essential to understand the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo F Almeida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403, United States
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8
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Deng Z, You X, Lin Z, Dong X, Yuan B, Yang K. Membrane-Active Peptides Attack Cell Membranes in a Lipid-Regulated Curvature-Generating Mode. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:6422-6430. [PMID: 37432779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-active peptides (MAPs) exhibit great potential in biomedical applications due to their unique ability to overcome the cell membrane barrier. However, the interactions between MAPs and membranes are complex, and little is known about the possibility of MAP action being specific to certain types of membranes. In this study, a combination of molecular dynamics simulations and theoretical analysis was utilized to investigate the interactions between typical MAPs and realistic cell membrane systems. Remarkably, the simulations revealed that MAPs can attack membranes by generating and sensing positive mean curvature, which is dependent on lipid composition. Furthermore, theoretical calculations demonstrated that this lipid-regulated curvature-based membrane attack mechanism is an integrated result of multiple effects, including peptide-induced membrane wedge and softening effects, the lipid shape effect, the area-difference elastic effect, and the boundary edge effect of formed peptide-lipid nanodomains. This study enhances our comprehension of MAP-membrane interactions and highlights the potential for developing membrane-specific MAP-based agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Deng
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research & School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin You
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research & School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhao Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xuewei Dong
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research & School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Yuan
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808 Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research & School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808 Guangdong, China
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9
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Raileanu M, Borlan R, Campu A, Janosi L, Turcu I, Focsan M, Bacalum M. No country for old antibiotics! Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as next-generation treatment for skin and soft tissue infection. Int J Pharm 2023:123169. [PMID: 37356506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the unprecedented rise of bacterial antibiotic resistance together with the lack of adequate therapies have made the treatment of skin infections and chronic wounds challenging, urging the scientific community to focus on the development of new and more efficient treatment strategies. In this context, there is a growing interest in the use of natural molecules with antimicrobial features, capable of supporting wound healing i.e., antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), for the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections. In this review, we give a short overview of the bacterial skin infections as well as some of the classic treatments used for topical application. We then summarize the AMPs classes, stressing the importance of the appropriate selection of the peptides based on their characteristics and physicochemical properties in order to maximize the antibacterial efficacy of the therapeutic systems against multi-drug resistant pathogens. Additionally, the present paper provides a comprehensive and rigorous assessment of the latest clinical trials investigating the efficacy of AMPs in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections, highlighting the relevant outcomes. Seeking to obtain novel and improved compounds with synergistic activity, while also decreasing some of the known side effects of AMPs, we present two employed strategies using AMPs: (i) AMPs-conjugated nanosystems for systemic and topical drug delivery systems and (ii) antibiotics-peptide conjugates as a strategy to overcome antibiotics resistance. Finally, an important property of some of the AMPs used in wound treatment is highlighted: their ability to help in wound healing by generally promoting cell proliferation and migration, and in some cases re-epithelialization and angiogenesis among others. Thus, as the pursuit of improvement is an ongoing effort, this work presents the advances made in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections along with their advantages and limitations, while the still remaining challenges are addressed by providing future prospects and strategies to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Raileanu
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Reactorului 30, Măgurele 077125, Romania
| | - Raluca Borlan
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Treboniu Laurian No. 42, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Campu
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Treboniu Laurian No. 42, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lorant Janosi
- Molecular and Biomolecular Physics Department, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 65-103 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioan Turcu
- Molecular and Biomolecular Physics Department, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 65-103 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Monica Focsan
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Treboniu Laurian No. 42, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Mihaela Bacalum
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Reactorului 30, Măgurele 077125, Romania.
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10
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Steigenberger J, Verleysen Y, Geudens N, Madder A, Martins JC, Heerklotz H. Complex electrostatic effects on the selectivity of membrane-permeabilizing cyclic lipopeptides. Biophys J 2023; 122:950-963. [PMID: 35927958 PMCID: PMC10111218 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic lipopeptides (CLiPs) have many biological functions, including the selective permeabilization of target membranes, and technical and medical applications. We studied the anionic CLiP viscosin from Pseudomonas along with a neutral analog, pseudodesmin A, and the cationic viscosin-E2K to better understand electrostatic effects on target selectivity. Calcein leakage from liposomes of anionic phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is measured in comparison with net-neutral phosphatidylcholine by time-resolved fluorescence. By contrast to the typical selectivity of cationic peptides against anionic membranes, we find viscosin more active against PG/PE at 30 μM lipid than viscosin-E2K. At very low lipid concentration, the selectivity is reversed. An equi-activity analysis reveals the reciprocal partition coefficients, 1/K, and the CLiP-to-lipid mole ratio within the membrane as leakage after 1 h reaches 50%, Re50. As expected, 1/K to PG/PE is much lower (higher affinity) for viscosin-E2K (3 μM) than viscosin (15 μM). However, the local damage to the PG/PE membrane caused by a viscosin molecule is much stronger than that of viscosin-E2K. This can be explained by the strong membrane expansion due to PG/viscosin repulsion inducing asymmetry stress between the two leaflets and, ultimately, transient limited leakage at Re50 = 0.08. PG/viscosin-E2K attraction opposes expansion and leakage starts only as the PG charges in the outer leaflet are essentially compensated by the cationic peptide (Re50 = 0.32). In the high-lipid regime (at lipid concentrations cL ≫ 1/K), virtually all CLiP is membrane bound anyway and Re50 governs selectivity, favoring viscosin. In the low-lipid regime at cL ≪ 1/K, virtually all CLiP is in solution, 1/K becomes important and the "cation attacks anionic membrane" selectivity gets restored. Overall, activity and selectivity data can only properly be interpreted if the lipid regime is known and predictions for other lipid concentrations or cell counts require knowledge of 1/K and Re50.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Steigenberger
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Yentl Verleysen
- NMR and Structure Analysis Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Niels Geudens
- NMR and Structure Analysis Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annemieke Madder
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - José C Martins
- NMR and Structure Analysis Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Heiko Heerklotz
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Signaling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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11
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Drexler CI, Cyran JD, Webb LJ. Lipid-Specific Direct Translocation of the Cell-Penetrating Peptide NAF-1 44-67 across Bilayer Membranes. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:2002-2010. [PMID: 36827970 PMCID: PMC10127249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c08076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
The cell-penetrating peptide NAF-1 has recently emerged as a promising candidate for selective penetration and destruction of cancer cells. It displays numerous membrane-selective behaviors including cell-specific uptake and organelle-specific degradation. In this work, we explore membrane penetration and translocation of NAF-1 in model lipid bilayer vesicles as a function of lipid identity in zwitterionic phosphatidylcholine lipids mixed with anionic phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidic acid lipids. By monitoring the digestion of NAF-1 using the protease trypsin located inside but not outside the vesicles, we determined that the translocation of NAF-1 was significantly enhanced by the presence of phosphatidic acid in the membrane compared to the other three anionic or zwitterionic lipids. These findings were correlated to fluorescence measurements of dansyl-labeled NAF-1, which revealed whether noncovalent interactions between NAF-1 and the bilayer were most stable either at the membrane/solution interface or within the membrane interior. Phosphatidic acid promoted interactions with fatty acid tails, while phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylglycerol stabilized interactions with polar lipid headgroups. Interfacial vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy experiments revealed that the phosphate moiety on phosphatidic acid headgroups was better hydrated than on the other three lipids, which helped to shuttle NAF-1 into the hydrophobic region. Our findings demonstrate that permeation does not depend on the net charge on phospholipid lipid headgroups in these model vesicles and suggest a model wherein NAF-1 crosses membranes selectively due to lipid-specific interactions at bilayer surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad I Drexler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jenée D Cyran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76706, United States
| | - Lauren J Webb
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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12
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Sharma P, Ayappa KG. A Molecular Dynamics Study of Antimicrobial Peptide Interactions with the Lipopolysaccharides of the Outer Bacterial Membrane. J Membr Biol 2022; 255:665-675. [PMID: 35960325 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-022-00258-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
With rising bacterial resistance, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been widely investigated as potential antibacterial molecules to replace conventional antibiotics. Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms for membrane disruption are largely based on AMP interactions with the inner phospholipid bilayers of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Mechanisms for AMP translocation across the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria composed of lipopolysaccharides and the asymmetric lipid bilayer are complicated by the secondary structure adopted by the peptide in the different membrane environments. We have employed atomistic molecular dynamics and umbrella-sampling simulations with an aggregate duration of [Formula: see text] 6 microseconds to obtain the free energy landscape of CM15 peptide translocating through the lipopolysaccharide region of Gram-negative bacteria, E. coli. The peptide has a favorable binding-free energy (- 130 kJ mol[Formula: see text]) in the O-antigen region with a large barrier (150 kJ mol[Formula: see text]) at the interface between the anionic core saccharides and upper bilayer leaflet made up of lipid-A molecules. Restraint-free molecular dynamics simulations show that the random coil structure is favored over the helix in both the extracellular aqueous region and the cation-rich core-saccharide regions of the outer membrane. The peptide and membrane properties are analyzed at each of the 100 ns duration of the umbrella-sampling windows to illustrate changes in peptide length, orientation, and hydration. Our study provides insights into the free energy landscape for the insertion of the AMP CM15 in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, and we discuss the implications of our findings with the broader question of how AMPs overcome this barrier during antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradyumn Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India.,Eli Lilly Services India Private Limited, Bengaluru, 560103, India
| | - K Ganapathy Ayappa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India.
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13
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Singhal A, Sevink GJA. A Core-Shell Approach for Systematically Coarsening Nanoparticle-Membrane Interactions: Application to Silver Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3859. [PMID: 36364637 PMCID: PMC9656456 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The continuous release of engineered nanomaterial (ENM) into the environment may bring about health concerns following human exposure. One important source of ENMs are silver nanoparticles (NPs) that are extensively used as anti-bacterial additives. The introduction of ENMs into the human body can occur via ingestion, skin uptake or the respiratory system. Therefore, evaluating how NPs translocate over bio-membranes is essential in assessing their primary toxicity. Unfortunately, data regarding membrane-NP interaction is still scarce, as is theoretical and in silico insight into what governs adhesion and translocation for the most relevant NPs and membranes. Coarse-grained (CG) molecular descriptions have the potential to alleviate this situation, but are hampered by the absence of a direct link to NP materials and membrane adhesion mechanisms. Here, we interrogate the relationship between the most common NP representation at the CG level and the adhesion characteristics of a model lung membrane. We find that this representation for silver NPs is non-transferable, meaning that a proper CG representation for one size is not suited for other sizes. We also identify two basic types of primary adhesion-(partial) NPs wrapping by the membrane and NP insertion into the membrane-that closely relate to the overall NP hydrophobicity and significantly differ in terms of lipid coatings. The proven non-transferability of the standard CG representation with size forms an inspiration for introducing a core-shell model even for bare NPs that are uniform in composition. Using existing all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) data as a reference, we show that this extension does allow us to reproduce size-dependent NP adhesion properties and lipid responses to NP binding at the CG level. The subsequent CGMD evaluation for 10 nm Ag NPs provides new insight into membrane binding for relevant NP sizes and into the role of water in trapping NPs into defected mixed monolayer-bilayer states. This development will be instrumental for simulating NP-membrane adhesion towards more experimentally relevant length and time scales for particular NP materials.
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14
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Mitchell CJ, Johnson TS, Deber CM. Transmembrane peptide effects on bacterial membrane integrity and organization. Biophys J 2022; 121:3253-3262. [PMID: 35923102 PMCID: PMC9463641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
As the bacterial multidrug resistance crisis continues, membrane-active antimicrobial peptides are being explored as an alternate treatment to conventional antibiotics. In contrast to antimicrobial peptides, which function by a nonspecific membrane disruption mechanism, here we describe a series of transmembrane (TM) peptides that are designed to act as drug efflux inhibitors by aligning with and out-competing a conserved TM4-TM4 homodimerization motif within bacterial small multidrug resistance proteins. The peptides contain two terminal tags: a C-terminal lysine tag to direct the peptides toward the negatively charged bacterial membrane, and an uncharged N-terminal sarcosine (N-methyl-glycine) tag to promote membrane insertion. While effective at inhibiting efflux activity, ostensibly through their designed mechanism of action, the impact of the peptides on the bacterial inner membrane remains undetermined. To evaluate the extant peptide-membrane interactions, we performed a series of biophysical measurements. Circular dichroism spectroscopy and Trp fluorescence showed that the peptides insert into the membrane generally in helical form. Interestingly, differential scanning calorimetry of the peptides added to bacterial-like membranes (POPE:POPG 3:1) revealed the peptides' ability to demix the POPE and POPG lipids, creating two pools, one of which is likely a peptide-POPG conglomerate, and the other a POPE-rich component where the native POPG content has been depleted. However, dye leakage assays confirmed that these events occur without causing significant membrane disruption both in vitro and in vivo, indicating that the peptides can target the small multidrug resistance TM4-TM4 motif without nonspecific membrane disruption. In related studies, DiOC2(3) fluorescence indicated moderate peptide-mediated reduction of the proton motive force for all peptides, including control peptides that did not display inhibitory activity. The overall findings suggest that peptides designed with suitable tags, sequence hydrophobicity, and charge distribution can be directed more generally to impact proteins whose function involves membrane-embedded protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe J Mitchell
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 0A4, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tyler S Johnson
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 0A4, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles M Deber
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 0A4, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada.
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15
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Mescola A, Ragazzini G, Facci P, Alessandrini A. The potential of AFM in studying the role of the nanoscale amphipathic nature of (lipo)-peptides interacting with lipid bilayers. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:432001. [PMID: 35830770 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac80c9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and lipopeptides (LPs) represent very promising molecules to fight resistant bacterial infections due to their broad-spectrum of activity, their first target, i.e. the bacterial membrane, and the rapid bactericidal action. For both types of molecules, the action mechanism starts from the membrane of the pathogen agents, producing a disorganization of their phase structure or the formation of pores of different size altering their permeability. This mechanism of action is based on physical interactions more than on a lock-and-key recognition event and it is difficult for the pathogens to rapidly develop an effective resistance. Very small differences in the sequence of both AMPs and LPs might lead to very different effects on the target membrane. Therefore, a correct understanding of their mechanism of action is required with the aim of developing new synthetic peptides, analogues of the natural ones, with specific and more powerful bactericidal activity. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), with its high resolution and the associated force spectroscopy resource, provides a valuable technique to investigate the reorganization of lipid bilayers exposed to antimicrobial or lipopeptides. Here, we present AFM results obtained by ours and other groups on the action of AMPs and LPs on supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) of different composition. We also consider data obtained by fluorescence microscopy to compare the AFM data with another technique which can be used on different lipid bilayer model systems such as SLBs and giant unilamellar vesicles. The outcomes here presented highlight the powerful of AFM-based techniques in detecting nanoscale peptide-membrane interactions and strengthen their use as an exceptional complementary tool toin vivoinvestigations. Indeed, the combination of these approaches can help decipher the mechanisms of action of different antimicrobials and lipopeptides at both the micro and nanoscale levels, and to design new and more efficient antimicrobial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mescola
- CNR-Nanoscience Institute-S3, Via Campi 213/A, I-41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Gregorio Ragazzini
- Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/A, I-41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Paolo Facci
- CNR-Ibf, Via De Marini 6, I-16149, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Alessandrini
- CNR-Nanoscience Institute-S3, Via Campi 213/A, I-41125, Modena, Italy
- Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/A, I-41125, Modena, Italy
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16
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Canepa E, Relini A, Bochicchio D, Lavagna E, Mescola A. Amphiphilic Gold Nanoparticles: A Biomimetic Tool to Gain Mechanistic Insights into Peptide-Lipid Interactions. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:673. [PMID: 35877876 PMCID: PMC9324301 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12070673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Functional peptides are now widely used in a myriad of biomedical and clinical contexts, from cancer therapy and tumor targeting to the treatment of bacterial and viral infections. Underlying this diverse range of applications are the non-specific interactions that can occur between peptides and cell membranes, which, in many contexts, result in spontaneous internalization of the peptide within cells by avoiding energy-driven endocytosis. For this to occur, the amphipathicity and surface structural flexibility of the peptides play a crucial role and can be regulated by the presence of specific molecular residues that give rise to precise molecular events. Nevertheless, most of the mechanistic details regulating the encounter between peptides and the membranes of bacterial or animal cells are still poorly understood, thus greatly limiting the biomimetic potential of these therapeutic molecules. In this arena, finely engineered nanomaterials-such as small amphiphilic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) protected by a mixed thiol monolayer-can provide a powerful tool for mimicking and investigating the physicochemical processes underlying peptide-lipid interactions. Within this perspective, we present here a critical review of membrane effects induced by both amphiphilic AuNPs and well-known amphiphilic peptide families, such as cell-penetrating peptides and antimicrobial peptides. Our discussion is focused particularly on the effects provoked on widely studied model cell membranes, such as supported lipid bilayers and lipid vesicles. Remarkable similarities in the peptide or nanoparticle membrane behavior are critically analyzed. Overall, our work provides an overview of the use of amphiphilic AuNPs as a highly promising tailor-made model to decipher the molecular events behind non-specific peptide-lipid interactions and highlights the main affinities observed both theoretically and experimentally. The knowledge resulting from this biomimetic approach could pave the way for the design of synthetic peptides with tailored functionalities for next-generation biomedical applications, such as highly efficient intracellular delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Canepa
- Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy; (E.C.); (A.R.); (D.B.)
| | - Annalisa Relini
- Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy; (E.C.); (A.R.); (D.B.)
| | - Davide Bochicchio
- Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy; (E.C.); (A.R.); (D.B.)
| | - Enrico Lavagna
- Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy; (E.C.); (A.R.); (D.B.)
| | - Andrea Mescola
- CNR-Nanoscience Institute-S3, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy
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17
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RNase 7 Inhibits Uropathogenic Escherichia coli-Induced Inflammation in Bladder Cells under a High-Glucose Environment by Regulating the JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095156. [PMID: 35563546 PMCID: PMC9102358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are natural antibiotics, protect against pathogens invading the urinary tract. RNase 7 with antimicrobial properties has rapid and powerful suppressive effects against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections. However, its detailed antibacterial mechanisms have not been fully determined. Here, we investigate whether RNase 7 had an impact on bladder cells under uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) infection in a high-glucose environment using in vitro GFP-UPEC-infected bladder cell and PE-labeled TLR4, STAT1, and STAT3 models. We provide evidence of the suppressive effects of RNase 7 on UPEC infection and UPEC-induced inflammatory responses by regulating the JAK/STAT signaling pathway using JAK inhibitor and STAT inhibitor blocking experiments. Pretreatment with different concentrations of RNase 7 for 24 h concentration-dependently suppressed UPEC invasion in bladder cells (5 μg/mL reducing 45%; 25 μg/mL reducing 60%). The expressions of TLR4, STAT1, and STAT3 were also downregulated in a concentration-dependent manner after RNase 7 pretreatment (5 μg/mL reducing 35%, 54% and 35%; 25 μg/mL reducing 60%, 75% and 64%, respectively). RNase 7-induced decrease in UPEC infection in a high-glucose environment not only downregulated the expression of TLR4 protein and the JAK/STAT signaling pathway but also decreased UPEC-induced secretion of exogenous inflammatory IL-6 and IL-8 cytokines, although IL-8 levels increased in the 25 μg/mL RNase 7-treated group. Thus, inhibition of STAT affected pSTAT1, pSTAT3, and TLR4 expression, as well as proinflammatory IL-6 and IFN-γ expression. Notably, blocking JAK resulted in the rebound expression of related proteins, especially pSTAT1, TLR4, and IL-6. The present study showed the suppressive effects of RNase 7 on UPEC infection and induced inflammation in bladder epithelial cells in a high-glucose environment. RNase 7 may be an anti-inflammatory and anti-infective mediator in bladder cells by downregulating the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and may be beneficial in treating cystitis in DM patients. These results will help clarify the correlation between AMP production and UTI, identify the relationship between urinary tract infection and diabetes in UTI patients, and develop novel diagnostics or possible treatments targeting RNase 7.
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18
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Lebedev AT, Vasileva ID, Samgina TY. FT-MS in the de novo top-down sequencing of natural nontryptic peptides. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:284-313. [PMID: 33347655 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present review covers available results on the application of FT-MS for the de novo sequencing of natural peptides of various animals: cones, bees, snakes, amphibians, scorpions, and so forth. As these peptides are usually bioactive, the animals efficiently use them as a weapon against microorganisms or higher animals including predators. These peptides represent definite interest as drugs of future generations since the mechanism of their activity is completely different in comparison with that of the modern antibiotics. Utilization of those peptides as antibiotics can eliminate the problem of the bacterial resistance development. Sequence elucidation of these bioactive peptides becomes even more challenging when the species genome is not available and little is known about the protein origin and other properties of those peptides in the study. De novo sequencing may be the only option to obtain sequence information. The benefits of FT-MS for the top-down peptide sequencing, the general approaches of the de novxxo sequencing, the difficult cases involving sequence coverage, isobaric and isomeric amino acids, cyclization of short peptides, the presence of posttranslational modifications will be discussed in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert T Lebedev
- Organic Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina D Vasileva
- Organic Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Y Samgina
- Organic Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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19
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Tsai CY, Salawu EO, Li H, Lin GY, Kuo TY, Voon L, Sharma A, Hu KD, Cheng YY, Sahoo S, Stuart L, Chen CW, Chang YY, Lu YL, Ke S, Ortiz CLD, Fang BS, Wu CC, Lan CY, Fu HW, Yang LW. Helical structure motifs made searchable for functional peptide design. Nat Commun 2022; 13:102. [PMID: 35013238 PMCID: PMC8748493 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27655-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The systematic design of functional peptides has technological and therapeutic applications. However, there is a need for pattern-based search engines that help locate desired functional motifs in primary sequences regardless of their evolutionary conservation. Existing databases such as The Protein Secondary Structure database (PSS) no longer serves the community, while the Dictionary of Protein Secondary Structure (DSSP) annotates the secondary structures when tertiary structures of proteins are provided. Here, we extract 1.7 million helices from the PDB and compile them into a database (Therapeutic Peptide Design database; TP-DB) that allows queries of compounded patterns to facilitate the identification of sequence motifs of helical structures. We show how TP-DB helps us identify a known purification-tag-specific antibody that can be repurposed into a diagnostic kit for Helicobacter pylori. We also show how the database can be used to design a new antimicrobial peptide that shows better Candida albicans clearance and lower hemolysis than its template homologs. Finally, we demonstrate how TP-DB can suggest point mutations in helical peptide blockers to prevent a targeted tumorigenic protein-protein interaction. TP-DB is made available at http://dyn.life.nthu.edu.tw/design/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Tsai
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100025, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100225, Taiwan
| | - Emmanuel Oluwatobi Salawu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan.,Bioinformatics Program, Institute of Information Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115201, Taiwan.,Machine Learning Solutions Lab, Amazon Web Services (AWS), Herndon, VA, USA
| | - Hongchun Li
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan.,Research Center for Computer-Aided Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China.,Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Guan-Yu Lin
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Kuo
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Liyin Voon
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Adarsh Sharma
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Di Hu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yun Cheng
- Praexisio Taiwan Inc., New Taipei, 221425, Taiwan
| | - Sobha Sahoo
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Lutimba Stuart
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yu Chang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan.,Praexisio Taiwan Inc., New Taipei, 221425, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Lu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Simai Ke
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Christopher Llynard D Ortiz
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan.,Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115201, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Bai-Shan Fang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China.,The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - Chen-Chi Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100225, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, 302058, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yu Lan
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan. .,Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan.
| | - Hua-Wen Fu
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan. .,Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan.
| | - Lee-Wei Yang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan. .,Bioinformatics Program, Institute of Information Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115201, Taiwan. .,Physics Division, National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan. .,PhD Program in Biomedical Artificial Intelligence, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan.
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20
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Sadiq IZ, Muhammad A, Mada SB, Ibrahim B, Umar UA. Biotherapeutic effect of cell-penetrating peptides against microbial agents: a review. Tissue Barriers 2021; 10:1995285. [PMID: 34694961 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.1995285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective permeability of biological membranes represents a significant barrier to the delivery of therapeutic substances into both microorganisms and mammalian cells, restricting the access of drugs into intracellular pathogens. Cell-penetrating peptides usually 5-30 amino acids with the characteristic ability to penetrate biological membranes have emerged as promising antimicrobial agents for treating infections as well as an effective delivery modality for biological conjugates such as nucleic acids, drugs, vaccines, nanoparticles, and therapeutic antibodies. However, several factors such as antimicrobial resistance and poor drug delivery of the existing medications justify the urgent need for developing a new class of antimicrobials. Herein, we review cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) used to treat microbial infections. Although these peptides are biologically active for infections, effective transduction into membranes and cargo transport, serum stability, and half-life must be improved for optimum functions and development of next-generation antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris Zubairu Sadiq
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Aliyu Muhammad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Sanusi Bello Mada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Bashiru Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Umar Aliyu Umar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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21
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Kang HK, Park J, Seo CH, Park Y. PEP27-2, a Potent Antimicrobial Cell-Penetrating Peptide, Reduces Skin Abscess Formation during Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Mouse When Used in Combination with Antibiotics. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:2620-2636. [PMID: 34251811 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PEP27, a 27-amino acid (aa) peptide secreted by Streptococcus pneumoniae, is an autolytic peptide that functions as a major virulence factor. To develop a clinically applicable antimicrobial peptide (AMP), we designed PEP27 analogs with Trp substitutions to enhance its antimicrobial activity compared to that of PEP27. Particularly, PEP27-2 showed strong antimicrobial activity against a wide variety of bacteria, including multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. It was found that the antimicrobial activity of PEP27-2 was increased by substituting Trp for the aa at the middle position of PEP27. We found that PEP27-2 acts as an effective cell-penetrating peptide in bacterial and mammalian cells. Here, we proved that subcutaneous infection with MDR Staphylococcus aureus induced skin lesions such as skeletal muscle damage, deep inflammation, and necrosis of the overlaying dermis in mice. Combination treatment with antibiotics revealed synergistic effects, remarkably reducing abscess size and improving the bacteria removal rate from the infection site. Moreover, PEP27-2-antibiotic combination treatment reduced inflammation, lowering levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) in skin abscess tissue. The results suggest that the PEP27-2 peptide is a promising therapeutic option for combating MDR bacterial strains by enhancing antibiotic penetration and protecting against MDR bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Kyoung Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Jonggwan Park
- Department of Bioinformatics, Kongju National University, Kongju 32588, Korea
| | - Chang Ho Seo
- Department of Bioinformatics, Kongju National University, Kongju 32588, Korea
| | - Yoonkyung Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Research Center for Proteineous Materials (RCPM), Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
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22
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Live Cell Imaging of Peptide Uptake Using a Microfluidic Platform. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10228-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Quemé-Peña M, Juhász T, Kohut G, Ricci M, Singh P, Szigyártó IC, Papp ZI, Fülöp L, Beke-Somfai T. Membrane Association Modes of Natural Anticancer Peptides: Mechanistic Details on Helicity, Orientation, and Surface Coverage. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168613. [PMID: 34445319 PMCID: PMC8395313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticancer peptides (ACPs) could potentially offer many advantages over other cancer therapies. ACPs often target cell membranes, where their surface mechanism is coupled to a conformational change into helical structures. However, details on their binding are still unclear, which would be crucial to reach progress in connecting structural aspects to ACP action and to therapeutic developments. Here we investigated natural helical ACPs, Lasioglossin LL-III, Macropin 1, Temporin-La, FK-16, and LL-37, on model liposomes, and also on extracellular vesicles (EVs), with an outer leaflet composition similar to cancer cells. The combined simulations and experiments identified three distinct binding modes to the membranes. Firstly, a highly helical structure, lying mainly on the membrane surface; secondly, a similar, yet only partially helical structure with disordered regions; and thirdly, a helical monomeric form with a non-inserted perpendicular orientation relative to the membrane surface. The latter allows large swings of the helix while the N-terminal is anchored to the headgroup region. These results indicate that subtle differences in sequence and charge can result in altered binding modes. The first two modes could be part of the well-known carpet model mechanism, whereas the newly identified third mode could be an intermediate state, existing prior to membrane insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Quemé-Peña
- Biomolecular Self-Assembly Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (M.Q.-P.); (G.K.); (M.R.); (P.S.); (I.C.S.)
- Hevesy György Ph.D. School of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tünde Juhász
- Biomolecular Self-Assembly Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (M.Q.-P.); (G.K.); (M.R.); (P.S.); (I.C.S.)
- Correspondence: (T.J.); (T.B.-S.)
| | - Gergely Kohut
- Biomolecular Self-Assembly Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (M.Q.-P.); (G.K.); (M.R.); (P.S.); (I.C.S.)
- Hevesy György Ph.D. School of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maria Ricci
- Biomolecular Self-Assembly Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (M.Q.-P.); (G.K.); (M.R.); (P.S.); (I.C.S.)
| | - Priyanka Singh
- Biomolecular Self-Assembly Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (M.Q.-P.); (G.K.); (M.R.); (P.S.); (I.C.S.)
- Hevesy György Ph.D. School of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Imola Cs. Szigyártó
- Biomolecular Self-Assembly Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (M.Q.-P.); (G.K.); (M.R.); (P.S.); (I.C.S.)
| | - Zita I. Papp
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.I.P.); (L.F.)
| | - Lívia Fülöp
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.I.P.); (L.F.)
| | - Tamás Beke-Somfai
- Biomolecular Self-Assembly Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (M.Q.-P.); (G.K.); (M.R.); (P.S.); (I.C.S.)
- Correspondence: (T.J.); (T.B.-S.)
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24
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Segan D, Stanley G, Messina P, Swiecicki J, Ngo K, Vivier V, Buriez O, Labbé E. Interaction of Redox Probes and Ferrocene‐labelled Peptides with Lipid Bilayers Observed at Lipid Bilayer‐Modified Electrodes. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Segan
- PASTEUR Département de chimie École Normale Supérieure PSL University Sorbonne Université CNRS 75005 Paris France
| | - George Stanley
- Laboratoire des biomolécules (LBM) Département de chimie École Normale supérieure PSL University Sorbonne Université CNRS 75005 Paris France
| | - Pierluca Messina
- PASTEUR Département de chimie École Normale Supérieure PSL University Sorbonne Université CNRS 75005 Paris France
| | - Jean‐Marie Swiecicki
- Laboratoire des biomolécules (LBM) Département de chimie École Normale supérieure PSL University Sorbonne Université CNRS 75005 Paris France
| | - Kieu Ngo
- Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Électrochimiques (LISE) Sorbonne Université CNRS 75005 Paris France
| | - Vincent Vivier
- Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Électrochimiques (LISE) Sorbonne Université CNRS 75005 Paris France
| | - Olivier Buriez
- PASTEUR Département de chimie École Normale Supérieure PSL University Sorbonne Université CNRS 75005 Paris France
| | - Eric Labbé
- PASTEUR Département de chimie École Normale Supérieure PSL University Sorbonne Université CNRS 75005 Paris France
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25
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Bhat R, Foster LL, Rani G, Vemparala S, Kuroda K. The function of peptide-mimetic anionic groups and salt bridges in the antimicrobial activity and conformation of cationic amphiphilic copolymers. RSC Adv 2021; 11:22044-22056. [PMID: 35480841 PMCID: PMC9034112 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02730a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we report the synthesis of ternary statistical methacrylate copolymers comprising cationic ammonium (amino-ethyl methacrylate: AEMA), carboxylic acid (propanoic acid methacrylate: PAMA) and hydrophobic (ethyl methacrylate: EMA) side chain monomers, to study the functional role of anionic groups on their antimicrobial and hemolytic activities as well as the conformation of polymer chains. The hydrophobic monomer EMA was maintained at 40 mol% in all the polymers, with different percentages of cationic ammonium (AEMA) and anionic carboxylate (PAMA) side chains, resulting in different total net charge for the polymers. The antimicrobial and hemolytic activities of the copolymer were determined by the net charge of +3 or larger, suggesting that there was no distinct effect of the anionic carboxylate groups on the antimicrobial and hemolytic activities of the copolymers. However, the pH titration and atomic molecular dynamics simulations suggest that anionic groups may play a strong role in controlling the polymer conformation. This was achieved via formation of salt bridges between cationic and anionic groups, transiently crosslinking the polymer chain allowing dynamic switching between compact and extended conformations. These results suggest that inclusion of functional groups in general, other than the canonical hydrophobic and cationic groups in antimicrobial agents, may have broader implications in acquiring functional structures required for adequate antimicrobial activity. In order to explain the implications, we propose a molecular model in which formation of intra-chain, transient salt bridges, due to the presence of both anionic and cationic groups along the polymer, may function as "adhesives" which facilitate compact packing of the polymer chain to enable functional group interaction but without rigidly locking down the overall polymer structure, which may adversely affect their functional roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajani Bhat
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA
| | - Leanna L Foster
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA
| | - Garima Rani
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad 500046 India
| | - Satyavani Vemparala
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, C. I. T. Campus Taramani Chennai 600113 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex Anushakti Nagar Mumbai 400094 India
| | - Kenichi Kuroda
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA
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26
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Kabelka I, Vácha R. Advances in Molecular Understanding of α-Helical Membrane-Active Peptides. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:2196-2204. [PMID: 33844916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Biological membranes separate the interior of cells or cellular compartments from their outer environments. This barrier function of membranes can be disrupted by membrane-active peptides, some of which can spontaneously penetrate through the membranes or open leaky transmembrane pores. However, the origin of their activity/toxicity is not sufficiently understood for the development of more potent peptides. To this day, there are no design rules that would be generally valid, and the role of individual amino acids tends to be sequence-specific.In this Account, we describe recent progress in understanding the design principles that govern the activity of membrane-active peptides. We focus on α-helical amphiphilic peptides and their ability to (1) translocate across phospholipid bilayers, (2) form transmembrane pores, or (3) act synergistically, i.e., to produce a significantly more potent effect in a mixture than the individual components.We refined the description of peptide translocation using computer simulations and demonstrated the effect of selected residues. Our simulations showed the necessity to explicitly include charged residues in the translocation description to correctly sample the membrane perturbations they can cause. Using this description, we calculated the translocation of helical peptides with and without the kink induced by the proline/glycine residue. The presence of the kink had no effect on the translocation barrier, but it decreased the peptide affinity to the membrane and reduced the peptide stability inside the membrane. Interestingly, the effects were mainly caused by the peptide's increased polarity, not the higher flexibility of the kink.Flexibility plays a crucial role in pore formation and affects distinct pore structures in different ways. The presence of a kink destabilizes barrel-stave pores, because the kink prevents the tight packing of peptides in the bundle, which is characteristic of the barrel-stave structure. In contrast, the kink facilitates the formation of toroidal pores, where the peptides are only loosely arranged and do not need to closely assemble. The exact position of the kink in the sequence further determines the preferred arrangement of peptides in the pore, i.e., an hourglass or U-shaped structure. In addition, we demonstrated that two self-associated (via termini) helical peptides could mimic the behavior of peptides with a helix-kink-helix motif.Finally, we review the recent findings on the peptide synergism of the archetypal mixture of Magainin 2 and PGLa peptides. We focused on a bacterial plasma membrane mimic that contains negatively charged lipids and lipids with negative intrinsic curvature. We showed that the synergistic action of peptides was highly dependent on the lipid composition. When the lipid composition and peptide/lipid ratios were changed, the systems exhibited more complex behavior than just the previously reported pore formation. We observed membrane adhesion, fusion, and even the formation of the sponge phase in this regime. Furthermore, enhanced adhesion/partitioning to the membrane was reported to be caused by lipid-induced peptide aggregation.In conclusion, the provided molecular insight into the complex behavior of membrane-active peptides provides clues for the design and modification of antimicrobial peptides or toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Kabelka
- CEITEC − Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Vácha
- CEITEC − Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 267/2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
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27
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Pokorny A, Almeida PF. The Antibiotic Peptide Daptomycin Functions by Reorganizing the Membrane. J Membr Biol 2021; 254:97-108. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-021-00175-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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28
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Buonocore F, Fausto AM, Della Pelle G, Roncevic T, Gerdol M, Picchietti S. Attacins: A Promising Class of Insect Antimicrobial Peptides. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:212. [PMID: 33672685 PMCID: PMC7924397 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects produce a large repertoire of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as the first line of defense against bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. These peptides are produced from a large precursor that contains a signal domain, which is cleaved in vivo to produce the mature protein with antimicrobial activity. At present, AMPs from insects include several families which can be classified as cecropins, ponericins, defensins, lebocins, drosocin, Metchnikowin, gloverins, diptericins and attacins according to their structure and/or function. This short review is focused on attacins, a class of glycine-rich peptides/proteins that have been first discovered in the cecropia moth (Hyalophora cecropia). They are a rather heterogeneous group of immunity-related proteins that exhibit an antimicrobial effect mainly against Gram-negative bacteria. Here, we discuss different attacin and attacin-like AMPs that have been discovered so far and analyze their structure and phylogeny. Special focus is given to the physiological importance and mechanism of action of attacins against microbial pathogens together with their potential pharmacological applications, emphasizing their roles as antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Buonocore
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems, University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università snc, 05100 Viterbo, VT, Italy; (A.M.F.); (G.D.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Anna Maria Fausto
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems, University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università snc, 05100 Viterbo, VT, Italy; (A.M.F.); (G.D.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Giulia Della Pelle
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems, University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università snc, 05100 Viterbo, VT, Italy; (A.M.F.); (G.D.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Tomislav Roncevic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Rudera Boskovica 33, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Marco Gerdol
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, TS, Italy;
| | - Simona Picchietti
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems, University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università snc, 05100 Viterbo, VT, Italy; (A.M.F.); (G.D.P.); (S.P.)
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29
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Kabelka I, Brožek R, Vácha R. Selecting Collective Variables and Free-Energy Methods for Peptide Translocation across Membranes. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:819-830. [PMID: 33566605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c01312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The selective permeability of cellular membranes is a crucial property for controlled transport into and out of cells. Molecules that can bypass the cellular machinery and spontaneously translocate across membranes could be used as therapeutics or drug carriers. Peptides are a prominent class of such molecules, which include natural and man-developed antimicrobial and cell-penetrating peptides. However, the necessary peptide properties for translocation remain elusive. Computer simulations could uncover these properties once we have a good collective variable (CV) that accurately describes the translocation process. Here, we developed a new CV, which includes a description of peptide insertion, local membrane deformation, and peptide internal degrees of freedom related to its charged groups. By comparison of CVs, we demonstrated that all these components are necessary for an accurate description of peptide translocation. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of three common methods for free-energy calculations with our CV were evaluated using the MARTINI coarse-grained model: umbrella sampling, umbrella sampling with replica exchange, and metadynamics. The developed CV leads to the reliable and effective calculation of the free energy of peptide translocation, and thus, it could be useful in the design of spontaneously translocating peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Kabelka
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Brožek
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Vácha
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 267/2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
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30
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Hoover BM, Shen Z, Gahan CG, Lynn DM, Van Lehn RC, Murphy RM. Membrane Remodeling and Stimulation of Aggregation Following α-Synuclein Adsorption to Phosphotidylserine Vesicles. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:1582-1594. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c09192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M. Hoover
- Biophysics Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Zhizhang Shen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Curran G. Gahan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - David M. Lynn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Reid C. Van Lehn
- Biophysics Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Regina M. Murphy
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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31
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Asandei A, Mereuta L, Schiopu I, Park J, Seo CH, Park Y, Luchian T. Non-Receptor-Mediated Lipid Membrane Permeabilization by the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1 Subunit. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:55649-55658. [PMID: 33270413 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Due to the pressing need to generate specific drugs or vaccines for COVID-19 and management of its outbreak, detailed knowledge regarding the SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells and timely, cheap, and easy-to-use detection methods are of critical importance for containing the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. Through electrophysiology and fluorescence spectroscopy experiments, we show that even in the absence of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor, the S1 subunit from SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding to neutral phospholipid membranes leads to their mechanical destabilization and permeabilization. A similar cytotoxic effect of the protein was seen in human lung epithelial cells. A monoclonal antibody generated toward the S1 subunit alleviates to a considerable extent the destabilizing potential of the protein in such model membranes. Finally, we demonstrate the proof-of-concept capability of an α-hemolysin (α-HL) protein nanopore to detect in aqueous buffer and real time the region-binding domain of the S1 subunit from SARS-CoV-2 spike protein by monitoring its immunological interaction with a target antibody. Our results may offer new perspectives in understanding the pathogenesis of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, its treatment, and real-time detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Asandei
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Sciences Department, "Alexandru I. Cuza" University, Iasi 700506, Romania
| | - Loredana Mereuta
- Department of Physics, "Alexandru I. Cuza" University, Iasi 700506, Romania
| | - Irina Schiopu
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Sciences Department, "Alexandru I. Cuza" University, Iasi 700506, Romania
| | - Jonggwan Park
- Department of Bioinformatics, Kongju National University, Kongju 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ho Seo
- Department of Bioinformatics, Kongju National University, Kongju 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonkyung Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Center for Proteinaceous Materials (RCPM), Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Tudor Luchian
- Department of Physics, "Alexandru I. Cuza" University, Iasi 700506, Romania
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32
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Jeong JH, Kim M, Kim Y. NMR structural studies and mechanism of action of Lactophoricin analogs as antimicrobial peptides. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1863:183469. [PMID: 32871115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are effective alternatives to conventional antibiotics. They protect the host from the constant invasion of a broad range of infectious microorganisms. AMPs have been at the forefront of the response to multidrug-resistant microbial strains and appear to be ideal drug candidates. Lactophoricin (LPcin), naturally produced from bovine milk, is a typical cationic antimicrobial peptide. Three analog peptides, including LPcin-YK5, LPcin-YK8, and LPcin-YK11, with enhanced antimicrobial activity compared to the wild-type LPcin, were designed and expressed in our laboratory. We investigated the structure and antimicrobial mechanisms of action of the three novel antimicrobial peptide analogs derived from LPcin using solution NMR and solid-state NMR spectroscopy in membrane environments. Our results revealed that the three LPcin analogs exhibited helical structures with different tilt angles on the phospholipid membrane surface. We proposed three-dimensional conformations and antibacterial mechanisms of action of the three peptide analogs in the phospholipid bilayers using two-dimensional solid-state separated local field NMR experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ho Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yong-In 17035, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yong-In 17035, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yong-In 17035, Republic of Korea.
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33
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Design and validation of a frugal, automated, solid-phase peptide synthesizer. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237473. [PMID: 32813720 PMCID: PMC7437905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) has enabled widespread use of synthetic peptides in applications ranging from pharmaceuticals to materials science. The demand for synthetic peptides has driven recent efforts to produce automated SPPS synthesizers which utilize fluid-handling components common to chemistry laboratories to drive costs down to several thousand dollars. Herein, we describe the design and validation of a more 'frugal' SPPS synthesizer that uses inexpensive, consumer-grade fluid-handling components to achieve a prototype price point between US$300 and $600. We demonstrated functionality by preparing and characterizing peptides with a variety of distinct properties including binding functionality, nanoscale self-assembly, and oxidation-induced fluorescence. This system yielded micromoles of peptide at a cost of approximately $1/residue, a cost which may be further reduced by optimization and bulk purchasing.
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34
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Fenton D, Phillips D, Maddison A, H George C, Ryves J, D Jones H. Cupid, a cell permeable peptide derived from amoeba, capable of delivering GFP into a diverse range of species. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13725. [PMID: 32792509 PMCID: PMC7426420 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70532-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell permeating peptides (CPPs) are attracting great interest for use as molecular delivery vehicles for the transport of biologically active cargo across the cell membrane. The sequence of a novel CPP sequence, termed ‘Cupid’, was identified from the genome of Dictyostelium discoideum. A Cupid-Green Fluorescent Protein (Cupid-GFP) fusion protein was tested on mammalian, whole plant cells, plant leaf protoplast and fungal cell cultures and observed using confocal microscopy. GFP fluorescence builds up within the cell cytosol in 60 min, demonstrating Cupid-GFP has permeated them and folded correctly into its fluorescent form. Our combined data suggest Cupid can act as a molecular vehicle capable of delivering proteins, such as GFP, into the cytosol of a variety of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fenton
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DA, Wales, UK
| | - Dylan Phillips
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DA, Wales, UK
| | - Anne Maddison
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DA, Wales, UK
| | - Christopher H George
- Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park Campus, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Jonathan Ryves
- Cupid Peptides, Cardiff Medicentre, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4UJ, Wales, UK.
| | - Huw D Jones
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DA, Wales, UK.
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Yuan CH, Ma YL, Shih PC, Chen CT, Cheng SY, Pan CY, Jean YH, Chu YM, Lin SC, Lai YC, Kuo HM. The antimicrobial peptide tilapia piscidin 3 induces mitochondria-modulated intrinsic apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 178:114064. [PMID: 32492449 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common solid tumor of the bone that most often affects adolescents. The introduction of chemotherapy for the treatment of OS has largely improved the survival rates of patients with localized tumors. However, the 5-year survival rate of OS patients with relapsed or metastatic disease is only 10 to 20%. In this study, the antimicrobial peptide tilapia piscidin 3 (TP3), isolated from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), was treated to OS MG63 cells. Our findings showed that TP3 concentration as low as 1 μM induced significant inhibition of cell viability and increased DNA fragmentation, as determined by the MTT and TUNEL assays, respectively. The protein expression levels of cleaved caspases 3/9 were increased. An in situ live-cell time-lapse video and cell tomographic microscopy images showed cellular blebbing, shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, and chromatin condensation, with the formation of beaded apoptopodia. Moreover, there were significant increase in the production of TP3-induced mitochondrial and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as down-regulated mitochondrial oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification rates. Additionally, TP3 enhanced mitochondrial fission, whereas fusion was attenuated. Furthermore, after administration of the mitochondria targeted antioxidant mitoTempo, TP3-induced ROS oxidant levels and alterations in cleaved caspases 3/9 expression were rescued. TP3 promoted mitochondria-modulated intrinsic apoptosis through the induction of ROS production, activation of caspases 3/9, and the down-regulation of mitochondrial oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification rates, suggesting that TP3 has potential as an innovative alternative for OS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Han Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan; Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ling Ma
- Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Chang Shih
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, Bloomsbury, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
| | - Chao-Ting Chen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Yu Cheng
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Chieh-Yu Pan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81101, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Hsuan Jean
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ping-Tung Christian Hospital, Pingtung 90059, Taiwan.
| | - Yih-Min Chu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan.
| | - Sung-Chun Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ping-Tung Christian Hospital, Pingtung 90059, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Cheng Lai
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Mei Kuo
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; Center for Neuroscience, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
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Komin A, Bogorad MI, Lin R, Cui H, Searson PC, Hristova K. A peptide for transcellular cargo delivery: Structure-function relationship and mechanism of action. J Control Release 2020; 324:633-643. [PMID: 32474121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The rate of transport of small molecule drugs across biological barriers, such as the blood-brain barrier, is often a limiting factor in achieving a therapeutic dose. One proposed strategy to enhance delivery across endothelial or epithelial monolayers is conjugation to cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs); however, very little is known about the design of CPPs for efficient transcellular transport. Here, we report on transcellular transport of a CPP, designated the CL peptide, that increases the delivery of small-molecule cargoes across model epithelium approximately 10-fold. The CL peptide contains a helix-like motif and a polyarginine tail. We investigated the effect of cargo, helix-like motif sequence, polyarginine tail length, and peptide stereochemistry on cargo delivery. We showed that there is an optimal helix-like motif sequence (RLLRLLR) and polyarginine tail length (R7) for cargo delivery. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the peptide-cargo conjugate is cleaved by cells in the epithelium at the site of a two-amino acid linker. The cleavage releases the cargo with the N-terminal linker amino acid from the peptide prior to transport out of the epithelium. These studies provide new insight into the sequence requirements for developing novel CPPs for transcellular delivery of cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Komin
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Maxim I Bogorad
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Ran Lin
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Honggang Cui
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Peter C Searson
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Kalina Hristova
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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Synthesis and anti-pseudomonal activity of new ß-Ala modified analogues of the antimicrobial peptide anoplin. Int J Med Microbiol 2020; 310:151433. [PMID: 32654770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2020.151433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria around the world, AMPs (antimicrobial peptides), depending on non-specific membrane mechanism and low tendency to develop bacterial resistance, attract widespread attentions as novel antimicrobial alternatives for treating bacterial infections. In this study, a series of new β-Ala modified-antimicrobial peptide analogues of anoplin were designed and synthesized, and their biological activities were described. Most of the new peptides showed perfect antimicrobial activities against two antibiotic-sensitive Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains and three clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa strains without significant hemolysis or cytotoxicity. More significantly, Ano-1β and Ano-8β (substituting positions 1 and 8 of anoplin with β-Ala, respectively) exhibited the best antimicrobial potency. Additionally, the two new peptides were stable under physiological conditions and displayed preferable in vivo antimicrobial activity with less acute toxicity. Notably, Ano-1β and Ano-8β hardly generated resistance in contrast to conventional antibiotics rifampicin and gentamicin, and they exhibited better anti-biofilm activity and synergistic or additive effects in combination with conventional antibiotics. What's more, Ano-1β and Ano-8β had strong membrane disruption as evidenced by outer membrane permeabilization and cytoplasmic membrane depolarization assays. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy further demonstrated that the two new peptides could destroy the bacterial membrane integrity. Collectively, the incorporation of β-Ala was a reasonable approach for new antimicrobial peptides design, and the new peptides Ano-1β and Ano-8β might be promising antimicrobial candidates in combating the increasing antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
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Malanovic N, Marx L, Blondelle SE, Pabst G, Semeraro EF. Experimental concepts for linking the biological activities of antimicrobial peptides to their molecular modes of action. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183275. [PMID: 32173291 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The search for novel compounds to combat multi-resistant bacterial infections includes exploring the potency of antimicrobial peptides and derivatives thereof. Complementary to high-throughput screening techniques, biophysical and biochemical studies of the biological activity of these compounds enable deep insight, which can be exploited in designing antimicrobial peptides with improved efficacy. This approach requires the combination of several techniques to study the effect of such peptides on both bacterial cells and simple mimics of their cell envelope, such as lipid-only vesicles. These efforts carry the challenge of bridging results across techniques and sample systems, including the proper choice of membrane mimics. This review describes some important concepts toward the development of potent antimicrobial peptides and how they translate to frequently applied experimental techniques, along with an outline of the biophysics pertaining to the killing mechanism of antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermina Malanovic
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Biophysics Division, Graz, Austria.
| | - Lisa Marx
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Biophysics Division, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Georg Pabst
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Biophysics Division, Graz, Austria
| | - Enrico F Semeraro
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Biophysics Division, Graz, Austria
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Della Pelle G, Perà G, Belardinelli MC, Gerdol M, Felli M, Crognale S, Scapigliati G, Ceccacci F, Buonocore F, Porcelli F. Trematocine, a Novel Antimicrobial Peptide from the Antarctic Fish Trematomus bernacchii: Identification and Biological Activity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E66. [PMID: 32041161 PMCID: PMC7168153 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9020066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short peptides active against a wide range of pathogens and, therefore, they are considered a useful alternative to conventional antibiotics. We have identified a new AMP in a transcriptome derived from the Antarctic fish Trematomus bernacchii. This peptide, named Trematocine, has been investigated for its expression both at the basal level and after in vivo immunization with an endemic Antarctic bacterium (Psychrobacter sp. TAD1). Results agree with the expected behavior of a fish innate immune component, therefore we decided to synthesize the putative mature sequence of Trematocine to determine the structure, the interaction with biological membranes, and the biological activity. We showed that Trematocine folds into a α-helical structure in the presence of both zwitterionic and anionic charged vesicles. We demonstrated that Trematocine has a highly specific interaction with anionic charged vesicles and that it can kill Gram-negative bacteria, possibly via a carpet like mechanism. Moreover, Trematocine showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria similar to other AMPs isolated from Antarctic fishes. The peptide is a possible candidate for a new drug as it does not show any haemolytic or cytotoxic activity against mammalian cells at the concentration needed to kill the tested bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Della Pelle
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (G.D.P.); (G.P.); (M.C.B.); (M.F.); (S.C.); (G.S.); (F.P.)
| | - Giulia Perà
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (G.D.P.); (G.P.); (M.C.B.); (M.F.); (S.C.); (G.S.); (F.P.)
| | - Maria Cristina Belardinelli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (G.D.P.); (G.P.); (M.C.B.); (M.F.); (S.C.); (G.S.); (F.P.)
| | - Marco Gerdol
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34128, Italy;
| | - Martina Felli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (G.D.P.); (G.P.); (M.C.B.); (M.F.); (S.C.); (G.S.); (F.P.)
| | - Silvia Crognale
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (G.D.P.); (G.P.); (M.C.B.); (M.F.); (S.C.); (G.S.); (F.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Scapigliati
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (G.D.P.); (G.P.); (M.C.B.); (M.F.); (S.C.); (G.S.); (F.P.)
| | - Francesca Ceccacci
- CNR—Institute for Biological Systems, Sede Secondaria di Roma-Meccanismi di Reazione, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Buonocore
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (G.D.P.); (G.P.); (M.C.B.); (M.F.); (S.C.); (G.S.); (F.P.)
| | - Fernando Porcelli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (G.D.P.); (G.P.); (M.C.B.); (M.F.); (S.C.); (G.S.); (F.P.)
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40
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Miller SE, Schneider JP. The effect of turn residues on the folding and cell-penetrating activity of β-hairpin peptides and applications toward protein delivery. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2020; 112:e24125. [PMID: 34504991 PMCID: PMC8425381 DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are useful tools for the delivery of a wide variety of cargo into cells. Our lab has developed two classes of CPPs based on β-hairpin sequences, one that folds at the surface of cell membranes and the other that is intrinsically disordered. Although these peptides can effectively deliver different types of cargo, their use in protein delivery has been hindered due to the presence of non-natural D-proline within the central turn region of both sequences, which prohibits functionalizing proteins with the CPPs via standard expression protocols. In this work, we describe new CPPs that replace the non-natural turn region with natural turn motifs amenable to protein expression. We first investigate how these changes within the turn affect various CPP-related properties in the absence of protein cargo, and then generate protein fusions for intracellular delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Miller
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Joel P Schneider
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
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41
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FUKUMA S, SHIMANOUCHI T, YASUHARA K, KIMURA Y. Analysis of the Partitioning Behavior of Horseradish Peroxidase to Phospholipid and Surfactant Membranes. SOLVENT EXTRACTION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT-JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.15261/serdj.27.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saki FUKUMA
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University
| | | | - Kazuma YASUHARA
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology
| | - Yukitaka KIMURA
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University
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42
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Li C, Zhu C, Ren B, Yin X, Shim SH, Gao Y, Zhu J, Zhao P, Liu C, Yu R, Xia X, Zhang L. Two optimized antimicrobial peptides with therapeutic potential for clinical antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 183:111686. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Barba-Bon A, Pan YC, Biedermann F, Guo DS, Nau WM, Hennig A. Fluorescence Monitoring of Peptide Transport Pathways into Large and Giant Vesicles by Supramolecular Host–Dye Reporter Pairs. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:20137-20145. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Barba-Bon
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring
1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Yu-Chen Pan
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Frank Biedermann
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Dong-Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Werner M. Nau
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring
1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hennig
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring
1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
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44
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Petkov P, Lilkova E, Ilieva N, Litov L. Self-Association of Antimicrobial Peptides: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study on Bombinin. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215450. [PMID: 31683755 PMCID: PMC6862524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a diverse group of membrane-active peptides which play a crucial role as mediators of the primary host defense against microbial invasion. Many AMPs are found to be fully or partially disordered in solution and to acquire secondary structure upon interaction with a lipid membrane. Here, we report molecular dynamics simulations studies on the solution behaviour of a specific AMP, bombinin H2. We show that in monomeric form in water solution the peptide is somewhat disordered and preferably adopts a helix-loop-helix conformation. However, when more than a single monomer is placed in the solution, the peptides self-associate in aggregates. Within the aggregate, the peptides provide each other with an amphipathic environment that mimics the water–membrane interface, which allows them to adopt a single-helix structure. We hypothesise that this is the mechanism by which bombinin H2 and, possibly, other small linear AMPs reach the target membrane in a functional folded state and are able to effectively exert their antimicrobial action on it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peicho Petkov
- Faculty of Physics, Atomic Physics Department, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 5 J. Bouchier Blvd, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Elena Lilkova
- Institute of Information and Communication Technologies at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 25A, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Nevena Ilieva
- Institute of Information and Communication Technologies at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 25A, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
- Institute of Informatics and Mathematics at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 8, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Leandar Litov
- Faculty of Physics, Atomic Physics Department, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 5 J. Bouchier Blvd, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Leber R, Pachler M, Kabelka I, Svoboda I, Enkoller D, Vácha R, Lohner K, Pabst G. Synergism of Antimicrobial Frog Peptides Couples to Membrane Intrinsic Curvature Strain. Biophys J 2019; 114:1945-1954. [PMID: 29694871 PMCID: PMC5937145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mixtures of the frog peptides magainin 2 and PGLa are well-known for their pronounced synergistic killing of Gram-negative bacteria. We aimed to gain insight into the underlying biophysical mechanism by interrogating the permeabilizing efficacies of the peptides as a function of stored membrane curvature strain. For Gram-negative bacterial-inner-membrane mimics, synergism was only observed when the anionic bilayers exhibited significant negative intrinsic curvatures imposed by monounsaturated phosphatidylethanolamine. In contrast, the peptides and their mixtures did not exhibit significant activities in charge-neutral mammalian mimics, including those with negative curvature, which is consistent with the requirement of charge-mediated peptide binding to the membrane. Our experimental findings are supported by computer simulations showing a significant decrease of the peptide-insertion free energy in membranes upon shifting intrinsic curvatures toward more positive values. The physiological relevance of our model studies is corroborated by a remarkable agreement with the peptide’s synergistic activity in Escherichia coli. We propose that synergism is related to a lowering of a membrane-curvature-strain-mediated free-energy barrier by PGLa that assists membrane insertion of magainin 2, and not by strict pairwise interactions of the two peptides as suggested previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Leber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Biophysics Division, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Pachler
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Biophysics Division, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ivo Kabelka
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Irene Svoboda
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Biophysics Division, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Robert Vácha
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karl Lohner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Biophysics Division, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Pabst
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Biophysics Division, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Mescola A, Marín-Medina N, Ragazzini G, Accolla M, Alessandrini A. Magainin-H2 effects on the permeabilization and mechanical properties of giant unilamellar vesicles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 553:247-258. [PMID: 31207545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Among the potential novel therapeutics to treat bacterial infections, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a very promising substitute due to their broad-spectrum activity and rapid bactericidal action. AMPs strongly interact with the bacterial membrane, and the need to have a correct understanding of the interaction between AMPs and lipid bilayers at a molecular level prompted a wealth of experimental and theoretical studies exploiting a variety of AMPs. Here, we studied the effects of magainin H2 (Mag H2), an analog of the well-known magainin 2 (wt Mag 2) AMP endowed with a higher degree of hydrophobicity, on giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) concentrating on its permeabilization activity and the effect on the lipid bilayer mechanical properties. We demonstrated that the increased hydrophobicity of Mag H2 affects its selectivity conferring a strong permeabilization activity also on zwitterionic lipid bilayers. Moreover, when lipid mixtures including PG lipids are considered, PG has a protective effect, at variance from wt Mag 2, suggesting that for Mag H2 the monolayer curvature could prevail over the peptide-membrane electrostatic interaction. We then mechanically characterized GUVs by measuring the effect of Mag H2 on the bending constant of lipid bilayers by flickering spectroscopy and, by using micropipette aspiration technique, we followed the steps leading to vesicle permeabilization. We found that Mag H2, notwithstanding its enhanced hydrophobicity, has a pore formation mechanism compatible with the toroidal pore model similar to that of wt Mag 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mescola
- CNR-Nanoscience Institute-S3, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Nathaly Marín-Medina
- Department of Physics, University of Los Andes, Carrera 1 N° 18A - 12, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Gregorio Ragazzini
- CNR-Nanoscience Institute-S3, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy; Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Accolla
- Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Alessandrini
- CNR-Nanoscience Institute-S3, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy; Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy.
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47
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Analogues of Human Granulysin as Antimycobacterial Agents. Int J Pept Res Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-018-9715-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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48
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Abstract
Membrane permeabilizing peptides (MPPs) are as ubiquitous as the lipid bilayer membranes they act upon. Produced by all forms of life, most membrane permeabilizing peptides are used offensively or defensively against the membranes of other organisms. Just as nature has found many uses for them, translational scientists have worked for decades to design or optimize membrane permeabilizing peptides for applications in the laboratory and in the clinic ranging from antibacterial and antiviral therapy and prophylaxis to anticancer therapeutics and drug delivery. Here, we review the field of membrane permeabilizing peptides. We discuss the diversity of their sources and structures, the systems and methods used to measure their activities, and the behaviors that are observed. We discuss the fact that "mechanism" is not a discrete or a static entity for an MPP but rather the result of a heterogeneous and dynamic ensemble of structural states that vary in response to many different experimental conditions. This has led to an almost complete lack of discrete three-dimensional active structures among the thousands of known MPPs and a lack of useful or predictive sequence-structure-function relationship rules. Ultimately, we discuss how it may be more useful to think of membrane permeabilizing peptides mechanisms as broad regions of a mechanistic landscape rather than discrete molecular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Guha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans , Louisiana 70112 , United States
| | - Jenisha Ghimire
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans , Louisiana 70112 , United States
| | - Eric Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans , Louisiana 70112 , United States
| | - William C Wimley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans , Louisiana 70112 , United States
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Tissera MJE, Disalvo EA, Martini MF, Cutró AC. Filling gaps in the knowledge of melittin on lipid membranes. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Brown JS, Mohamed ZJ, Artim CM, Thornlow DN, Hassler JF, Rigoglioso VP, Daniel S, Alabi CA. Antibacterial isoamphipathic oligomers highlight the importance of multimeric lipid aggregation for antibacterial potency. Commun Biol 2018; 1:220. [PMID: 30534612 PMCID: PMC6286309 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic charge and hydrophobicity have long been understood to drive the potency and selectivity of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). However, these properties alone struggle to guide broad success in vivo, where AMPs must differentiate bacterial and mammalian cells, while avoiding complex barriers. New parameters describing the biophysical processes of membrane disruption could provide new opportunities for antimicrobial optimization. In this work, we utilize oligothioetheramides (oligoTEAs) to explore the membrane-targeting mechanism of oligomers, which have the same cationic charge and hydrophobicity, yet show a unique ~ 10-fold difference in antibacterial potency. Solution-phase characterization reveals little difference in structure and dynamics. However, fluorescence microscopy of oligomer-treated Staphylococcus aureus mimetic membranes shows multimeric lipid aggregation that correlates with biological activity and helps establish a framework for the kinetic mechanism of action. Surface plasmon resonance supports the kinetic framework and supports lipid aggregation as a driver of antimicrobial function. Joseph Brown et al. use oligothioetheramides (oligo TEAs) to show that multimeric lipid aggregation in Staphylococcus aureus mimetic membranes correlates with the biological activity of oligoTEAs. These results may explain why antimicrobial peptides with identical cationic charge and hydrophobicity show different biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Brown
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 120 Olin Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Zeinab J Mohamed
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 120 Olin Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Christine M Artim
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 120 Olin Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Dana N Thornlow
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 120 Olin Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Joseph F Hassler
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 120 Olin Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Vincent P Rigoglioso
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 120 Olin Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Susan Daniel
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 120 Olin Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Christopher A Alabi
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 120 Olin Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
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