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de la Torre-Rubio E, Muñoz-Moreno L, Bajo AM, Arias-Pérez MS, Cuenca T, Gude L, Royo E. Carbohydrate effect of novel arene Ru(II) phenanthroline-glycoconjugates on metastatic biological processes. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 247:112326. [PMID: 37478778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Novel water-soluble half-sandwich ruthenium(II) polypyridyl-glycoconjugates [Ru(p-cymene)Cl{N-(1,10-phenanthroline-5-yl)-β-glycopyranosylamine}][Cl] (glycopyranosyl = d-glucopyranosyl (1), D-mannopyranosyl (2), L-rhamnopyranosyl (3) and l-xylopyranosyl (4)) have been synthesized and fully characterized. Their behaviour in water under physiological conditions has been studied by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, revealing their hydrolytic stability. Interactions of the novel compounds with duplex-deoxiribonucleic acid (dsDNA) were investigated by different techniques and the results indicate that, under physiological pH and saline conditions, the metal glycoconjugates bind DNA in the minor groove and/or through external, electrostatic interactions, and by a non-classical, partial intercalation mechanism in non-saline phosphate buffered solution. Effects of compounds 1-4 on cell viability have been assessed in vitro against two human cell lines (androgen-independent prostate cancer PC-3 and non-tumorigenic prostate RWPE-1), showing moderate cytotoxicities, with IC50 values higher than those found for free ligands [N-(1,10-phenanthroline-5-yl)-β-glycopyranosylamine] (glycopyranosyl = d-glucopyranosyl (a), D-mannopyranosyl (b), L-rhamnopyranosyl (c) and l-xylopyranosyl (d)) or corresponding metal-aglycone. Cell viability was assayed in the presence and absence of the glucose transporters (GLUTs) inhibitor [N4-{1-(4-cyanobenzyl)-5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl}-7-fluoroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxamide] (BAY-876), and the results point to a negligible impact of the inhibition of GLUTs on the cytotoxicity caused by Ru(II) compounds 1-4. Remarkably, glycoconjugates 1-4 potently affect the migration pattern of PC-3 cells, and the wound healing assay evidence that the presence of the carbohydrate and the Ru(II) center is a requisite for the anti-migratory activity observed in these novel derivatives. In addition, derivatives 1-4 strongly affect the matrix metalloproteinase MMP-9 activities of PC-3 cells, while proMMP-2 and especially proMMP-9 were influenced to a much lesser extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena de la Torre-Rubio
- Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Muñoz-Moreno
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Bajo
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria-Selma Arias-Pérez
- Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Cuenca
- Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Gude
- Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Royo
- Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Ugwu DI, Conradie J. Anticancer properties of complexes derived from bidentate ligands. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 246:112268. [PMID: 37301166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the abnormal division and multiplication of cells in an organ or tissue. It is the second leading cause of death globally. There are various types of cancer such as prostate, breast, colon, lung, stomach, liver, skin, and many others depending on the tissue or organ where the abnormal growth originates. Despite the huge investment in the development of anticancer agents, the transition of research to medications that improve substantially the treatment of cancer is less than 10%. Cisplatin and its analogs are ubiquitous metal-based anticancer agents notable for the treatment of various cancerous cells and tumors but unfortunately accompanied by large toxicities due to low selectivity between cancerous and normal cells. The improved toxicity profile of cisplatin analogs bearing bidentate ligands has motivated the synthesis of vast metal complexes of bidentate ligands. Complexes derived from bidentate ligands such as β-diketones, diolefins, benzimidazoles and dithiocarbamates have been reported to possess 20 to 15,600-fold better anticancer activity, when tested on cell lines, than some known antitumor drugs currently on the market, e.g. cisplatin, oxaliplatin, carboplatin, doxorubicin, and 5-fluorouracil. This work discusses the anticancer properties of various metal complexes derived from bidentate ligands, for possible application in chemotherapy. The results discussed were evaluated by the IC50 values as obtained from cell line tests on various metal-bidentate complexes. The structure-activity relationship study of the complexes discussed, revealed that hydrophobicity is a key factor that influences anticancer properties of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Izuchukwu Ugwu
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, South Africa; Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, South Africa.
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3
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Sahu G, Patra SA, Lima S, Das S, Görls H, Plass W, Dinda R. Ruthenium(II)-Dithiocarbazates as Anticancer Agents: Synthesis, Solution Behavior, and Mitochondria-Targeted Apoptotic Cell Death. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202694. [PMID: 36598160 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of the Ru(PPh3 )3 Cl2 with HL1-3 -OH (-OH stands for the oxime hydroxyl group; HL1 -OH=diacetylmonoxime-S-benzyldithiocarbazonate; HL2 -OH=diacetylmonoxime-S-(4-methyl)benzyldithiocarbazonate; and HL3 -OH=diacetylmonoxime-S-(4-chloro)benzyl-dithiocarbazonate) gives three new ruthenium complexes [RuII (L1-3 -H)(PPh3 )2 Cl] (1-3) (-H stands for imine hydrogen) coordinated with dithiocarbazate imine as the final products. All ruthenium(II) complexes (1-3) have been characterized by elemental (CHNS) analyses, IR, UV-vis, NMR (1 H, 13 C, and 31 P) spectroscopy, HR-ESI-MS spectrometry and also, the structure of 1-2 was further confirmed by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The solution/aqueous stability, hydrophobicity, DNA interactions, and cell viability studies of 1-3 against HeLa, HT-29, and NIH-3T3 cell lines were performed. Cell viability results suggested 3 being the most cytotoxic of the series with IC50 6.9±0.2 μM against HeLa cells. Further, an apoptotic mechanism of cell death was confirmed by cell cycle analysis and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining techniques. In this regard, the live cell confocal microscopy results revealed that compounds primarily target the mitochondria against HeLa, and HT-29 cell lines. Moreover, these ruthenium complexes elevate the ROS level by inducing mitochondria targeting apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurunath Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Sushree Aradhana Patra
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Sudhir Lima
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India.,Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstr. 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Sanchita Das
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstr. 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Winfried Plass
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstr. 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Rupam Dinda
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
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Crystal Structures of Half-Sandwich Ru(II) Complexes, [(η6-p-Cymene)(3-chloro-6-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridazine)Ru(X)]BF4, (X = Cl, Br, I). MOLBANK 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/m1477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and single-crystal X-ray structures of three (η6-p-cymene)Ru(II) tetrafluoroborate salts, viz., [(η6-p-cymene)(3-chloro-6-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridazine)Ru(X)]BF4, (X = Cl, Br, I), Ru1-3. They were prepared by the reactions of [(η6-p-cymene)Ru(μ-X)(X)]2, (X = Cl, Br, I) with two-mole equivalents of 3-chloro-6-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridazine, under inert conditions at ambient temperatures, and subsequently precipitated by the addition of excess BF4− ions. Orange crystalline precipitates were obtained in good yields, from which the respective single crystals for X-ray diffraction analysis were recrystallized by slow evaporation from their methanolic/diethyl ether solutions. The Ru(II) complexes were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques and chemical methods, which included FTIR, 1H/13C NMR, UV-visible absorption, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The molecular structures were solved by single-crystal X-ray crystal diffraction analysis. The complexes crystallized in the monoclinic crystal system in the P21/c (Ru1-2) and P21/n (Ru3) space groups. Density Functionals Theoretical (DFT) calculations were performed in methanol to gain an understanding of the electronic and structural properties of the complexes. Trends in the data metrics were established, and selected data were compared with the diffraction data. The electrophilicity indices of Ru1-3 follow the order Ru3 > Ru2 > Ru1, and the trend is in line with their anticipated order of reactivity towards nucleophiles.
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Guin PS, Roy S. Recently Reported Ru-Metal Organic Coordination Complexes and Their Application (A Review). RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363222080242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Green LPM, Steel TR, Riisom M, Hanif M, Söhnel T, Jamieson SMF, Wright LJ, Crowley JD, Hartinger CG. Synthetic Strategy Towards Heterodimetallic Half-Sandwich Complexes Based on a Symmetric Ditopic Ligand. Front Chem 2021; 9:786367. [PMID: 34926406 PMCID: PMC8677676 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.786367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multimetallic complexes have been shown in several examples to possess greater anticancer activity than their monometallic counterparts. The increased activity has been attributed to altered modes of action. We herein report the synthesis of a series of heterodimetallic compounds based on a ditopic ligand featuring 2-pyridylimine chelating motifs and organometallic half-sandwich moieties. The complexes were characterized by a combination of 1H NMR spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Investigations into the stability of representative complexes in DMSO-d6 and 10% DMSO-d6/D2O revealed the occurrence of solvent-chlorido ligand exchange. Proliferation assays in four human cancer cell lines showed that the Os-Rh complex possessed minimal activity, while all other complexes were inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis P M Green
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tasha R Steel
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mie Riisom
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Muhammad Hanif
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tilo Söhnel
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stephen M F Jamieson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - L James Wright
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - James D Crowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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7
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Bjelosevic A, Sakoff J, Gilbert J, Zhang Y, McGhie B, Gordon C, Aldrich-Wright JR. Synthesis, characterisation and biological activity of the ruthenium(II) complexes of the N 4-tetradentate (N 4-T L), 1,6-di(2'-pyridyl)-2,5-dibenzyl-2,5-diazahexane (picenBz 2). J Inorg Biochem 2021; 226:111629. [PMID: 34740037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of complexes of the type rac-cis-β-[Ru(N4-TL)(N2-bidentates)]2+ (where N4-TL = 1,6-di(2'-pyridyl)-2,5-dibenzyl-2,5-diazahexane (picenBz2, N4-TL-2) and N2-bidentates = 1,10-phenanthroline (phen, Ru-2), dipyrido[3,2-d:2',3'-f]quinoxaline (dpq, Ru-3), 7,8-dimethyl-dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c] phenazine (dppzMe2,Ru-4), 2-phenyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline (phenpyrBz, Ru-5), 2-(p-tolyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline (phenpyrBzMe, Ru-6), 2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline (phenpyrBzNO2,Ru-7), were synthesised and characterised and X-ray crystallography of Ru-5 obtained. The in vitro cytotoxicity assays revealed that Ru-6 was 5, 2 and 19-fold more potent than oxaliplatin, cisplatin, and carboplatin, respectively displaying an average GI50 value of ≈ 0.76 μM against a panel of 11 cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Bjelosevic
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, 2751, NSW, Australia
| | - Jennette Sakoff
- Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia
| | - Jayne Gilbert
- Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Brondwyn McGhie
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, 2751, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher Gordon
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, 2751, NSW, Australia
| | - Janice R Aldrich-Wright
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, 2751, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, 2751, NSW, Australia.
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8
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Design concepts of half-sandwich organoruthenium anticancer agents based on bidentate bioactive ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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9
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Steel TR, Tong KK, Söhnel T, Jamieson SM, Wright LJ, Crowley JD, Hanif M, Hartinger CG. Homodinuclear organometallics of ditopic N,N-chelates: Synthesis, reactivity and in vitro anticancer activity. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.120220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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11
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Acharya S, Maji M, Chakraborty MP, Bhattacharya I, Das R, Gupta A, Mukherjee A. Disruption of the Microtubule Network and Inhibition of VEGFR2 Phosphorylation by Cytotoxic N, O-Coordinated Pt(II) and Ru(II) Complexes of Trimethoxy Aniline-Based Schiff Bases. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:3418-3430. [PMID: 33554592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Platinum-based complexes are one of the most successful chemotherapeutic agents having a significant ground in cancer chemotherapy despite their side effects. During the past few decades, Ru(II) complexes have been emerging as efficient alternatives owing to their promising activities against platinum-resistant cancer. The pathway of action, lipophilicity, and cytotoxicity of a Pt or Ru complex may be tuned by varying the attached ligands, the coordination mode, and the leaving group. In this work, we report a family of Pt(II) and Ru(II) complexes (1-5) of three N,O and N,N donor-based trimethoxyanilines containing Schiff bases with the general formula [PtII(L)(DMSO)Cl], [RuII(L)(p-cymene)Cl], [RuII(L)(p-cymene)Cl]+, and [PtII(L)Cl2]. All of the complexes are characterized by different analytical techniques. 1H NMR and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) data suggest that the N,O-coordinated Pt(II) complexes undergo slower aquation compared to the Ru(II) analogues. The change of the coordination mode to N,N causes the Ru complexes to be more inert to aquation. The N,O-coordinating complexes show superiority over N,N-coordinating complexes by displaying excellent in vitro antiproliferative activity against different aggressive cancer cells, viz., triple-negative human metastatic breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231, human pancreatic carcinoma MIA PaCa-2, and hepatocellular carcinoma Hep G2. In vitro cytotoxicity studies suggest that Pt(II) complexes are more effective than their corresponding Ru(II) analogues, and the most cytotoxic complex 3 is 10-15 times more toxic than the clinical drugs cisplatin and oxaliplatin against MDA-MB-231 cells. Cellular studies show that all of the N,O-coordinated complexes (1-3) initiate disruption of the microtubule network in MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent manner within 6 h of incubation and finally lead to the arrest of the cell cycle in the G2/M phase and render apoptotic cell death. The disruption of the microtubule network affects the agility of the cytoskeleton rendering inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), a key step in angiogenesis. Complexes 1 and 2 inhibit VEGFR2 phosphorylation in a dose-dependent fashion. Among the Pt(II) and Ru(II) complexes, the former displays higher cytotoxicity, a stronger effect on the cytoskeleton, better VEGFR2 inhibition, and strong interaction with the model nucleobase 9-ethylguanine (9-EtG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Acharya
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Moumita Maji
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Manas Pratim Chakraborty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Indira Bhattacharya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Rahul Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Arnab Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Arindam Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur 741246, India
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Studer V, Anghel N, Desiatkina O, Felder T, Boubaker G, Amdouni Y, Ramseier J, Hungerbühler M, Kempf C, Heverhagen JT, Hemphill A, Ruprecht N, Furrer J, Păunescu E. Conjugates Containing Two and Three Trithiolato-Bridged Dinuclear Ruthenium(II)-Arene Units as In Vitro Antiparasitic and Anticancer Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E471. [PMID: 33339451 PMCID: PMC7767221 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization, and in vitro antiparasitic and anticancer activity evaluation of new conjugates containing two and three dinuclear trithiolato-bridged ruthenium(II)-arene units are presented. Antiparasitic activity was evaluated using transgenic Toxoplasmagondii tachyzoites constitutively expressing β-galactosidase grown in human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF). The compounds inhibited T.gondii proliferation with IC50 values ranging from 90 to 539 nM, and seven derivatives displayed IC50 values lower than the reference compound pyrimethamine, which is currently used for treatment of toxoplasmosis. Overall, compound flexibility and size impacted on the anti-Toxoplasma activity. The anticancer activity of 14 compounds was assessed against cancer cell lines A2780, A2780cisR (human ovarian cisplatin sensitive and resistant), A24, (D-)A24cisPt8.0 (human lung adenocarcinoma cells wild type and cisPt resistant subline). The compounds displayed IC50 values ranging from 23 to 650 nM. In A2780cisR, A24 and (D-)A24cisPt8.0 cells, all compounds were considerably more cytotoxic than cisplatin, with IC50 values lower by two orders of magnitude. Irrespective of the nature of the connectors (alkyl/aryl) or the numbers of the di-ruthenium units (two/three), ester conjugates 6-10 and 20 exhibited similar antiproliferative profiles, and were more cytotoxic than amide analogues 11-14, 23, and 24. Polynuclear conjugates with multiple trithiolato-bridged di-ruthenium(II)-arene moieties deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Studer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.S.); (O.D.); (T.F.)
| | - Nicoleta Anghel
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Parasitology, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; (N.A.); (G.B.); (Y.A.); (J.R.)
| | - Oksana Desiatkina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.S.); (O.D.); (T.F.)
| | - Timo Felder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.S.); (O.D.); (T.F.)
| | - Ghalia Boubaker
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Parasitology, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; (N.A.); (G.B.); (Y.A.); (J.R.)
| | - Yosra Amdouni
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Parasitology, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; (N.A.); (G.B.); (Y.A.); (J.R.)
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Institution de la Recherche et de l’Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet 2020, Tunisia
| | - Jessica Ramseier
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Parasitology, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; (N.A.); (G.B.); (Y.A.); (J.R.)
| | - Martin Hungerbühler
- Department of BioMedical Research, Experimental Radiology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (M.H.); (C.K.); (J.T.H.)
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Kempf
- Department of BioMedical Research, Experimental Radiology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (M.H.); (C.K.); (J.T.H.)
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Thomas Heverhagen
- Department of BioMedical Research, Experimental Radiology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (M.H.); (C.K.); (J.T.H.)
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Hemphill
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Parasitology, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; (N.A.); (G.B.); (Y.A.); (J.R.)
| | - Nico Ruprecht
- Department of BioMedical Research, Experimental Radiology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (M.H.); (C.K.); (J.T.H.)
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julien Furrer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.S.); (O.D.); (T.F.)
| | - Emilia Păunescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.S.); (O.D.); (T.F.)
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13
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Sudhindra P, Ajay Sharma S, Roy N, Moharana P, Paira P. Recent advances in cytotoxicity, cellular uptake and mechanism of action of ruthenium metallodrugs: A review. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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14
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Synthesis and anti-cancer activity of bis-amino-phosphine ligand and its ruthenium(II) complexes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127492. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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15
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Facile synthesis of heterobimetallic [FeII(µ-diphosphine)RuII] and homobimetallic [FeII(µ-diphosphine)FeII] complexes and their in vitro cytotoxic activity on cisplatin-resistant cancer cells. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Ru(II) Complexes Bearing O, O-Chelated Ligands Induced Apoptosis in A549 Cells through the Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2020; 2020:8890950. [PMID: 32879623 PMCID: PMC7448123 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8890950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new Ru(II) complexes containing O, O-chelated ligands, Ru(dip)2(SA) (Ru-1) and Ru(dmp)2(SA) (Ru-2) (dip = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline; dmp = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline; SA = salicylate) were synthesized to evaluate their cytotoxicity in vitro. These complexes were found to exhibit moderate antitumor activity to different types of human cancers, including A549 (human lung carcinoma), MCF-7 (breast cancer), HeLa (human cervical cancer), and HepG2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma) cell lines, but displayed low toxicity to human normal cell lines BEAS-2B (immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells) when compared with that of cisplatin. Further studies revealed that these complexes could induce apoptosis in A549 cells, including activating caspase family proteins and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), reducing Bcl-2/Bax and Bcl-xl/Bad ratio, enhancing cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, triggering DNA damage, decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and leading cytochrome c release from mitochondria. Notably, complex Ru-1 showed low toxicity to developing zebrafish embryos. The obtained results suggest that these new synthetic complexes have the potential to be developed as low-toxicity agents for lung cancer treatment.
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Notaro A, Jakubaszek M, Koch S, Rubbiani R, Dömötör O, Enyedy ÉA, Dotou M, Bedioui F, Tharaud M, Goud B, Ferrari S, Alessio E, Gasser G. A Maltol‐Containing Ruthenium Polypyridyl Complex as a Potential Anticancer Agent. Chemistry 2020; 26:4997-5009. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Notaro
- Chimie ParisTechPSL UniversityCNRSInstitute of Chemistry for Life and Health SciencesLaboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology 75005 Paris France
| | - Marta Jakubaszek
- Chimie ParisTechPSL UniversityCNRSInstitute of Chemistry for Life and Health SciencesLaboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology 75005 Paris France
- Institut CuriePSL University, CNRS UMR 144 75248 Paris France
| | - Severin Koch
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Rubbiani
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Orsolya Dömötör
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryInterdisciplinary Excellence CentreUniversity of Szeged Dóm tér 7. 6720 Szeged Hungary
| | - Éva A. Enyedy
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryInterdisciplinary Excellence CentreUniversity of Szeged Dóm tér 7. 6720 Szeged Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research GroupUniversity of Szeged Dóm tér 7 6720 Szeged Hungary
| | - Mazzarine Dotou
- Chimie ParisTechPSL UniversityCNRSInstitute of Chemistry for Life and Health SciencesLaboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology 75005 Paris France
| | - Fethi Bedioui
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRSInstitute of Chemistry for Life and Health SciencesTeam Synthèse Electrochimie, Imagerie et Systèmes, Analytiques pour le Diagnostic 75005 Paris France
| | - Mickaël Tharaud
- Université de ParisInstitut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS 75005 Paris France
| | - Bruno Goud
- Institut CuriePSL University, CNRS UMR 144 75248 Paris France
| | - Stefano Ferrari
- Institute of Molecular Cancer ResearchUniversity of Zurich 8057 Zurich Switzerland
- Institute of Molecular GeneticsCzech Academy of Sciences Videnska 1083 14300 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Enzo Alessio
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Trieste Via, L. Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTechPSL UniversityCNRSInstitute of Chemistry for Life and Health SciencesLaboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology 75005 Paris France
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Chintakuntla N, Putta VR, Mallepally RR, K N, Vuradi RK, Kotha LR, Singh SS, Sirasani S. Synthesis, structural characterization, in vitro DNA binding, and antitumor activity properties of Ru(II) compounds containing 2(2,6-dimethoxypyridine-3-yl)-1H-imidazo(4,5-f)[1, 10]phenanthroline. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 39:760-791. [PMID: 31983278 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2019.1694685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The octahedral Ru(II) complexes containing the 2(2,6-dimethoxypyridine-3-yl)-1H-imidazo(4,5-f)[1, 10]phenanthroline ligand of type [Ru(N-N)2(L)]2+, where N-N = phen (1,10-phenanthroline) (1), bpy (2,2'-bipyridine) (2), and dmb (4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine) (3); L(dmpip) = (2(2,6-dimethoxypyridine-3-yl)1Himidazo(4,5-f)[1, 10]phenanthroline), have been synthesized and characterized by UV-visible absorption, molar conductivity, elemental analysis, mass, IR, and NMR spectroscopic techniques. The physicochemical properties of the Ru(II) complexes were determined by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The DNA binding studies have been explored by UV-visible absorption, fluorescence titrations, and viscosity measurements. The supercoiled pBR322 DNA cleavage efficiency of Ru(II) complexes 1-3 was investigated. The antimicrobial activity of Ru(II) complexes was done against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. The in vitro anticancer activities of all the complexes were investigated by cell viability assay, apoptosis, cellular uptake, mitochondrial membrane potential detection, and semi-quantitative PCR on HeLa cells. The result indicates that the synthesized Ru(II) complexes probably interact with DNA through an intercalation mode of binding with complex 1 having slightly stronger DNA binding affinity and anticancer activity than 2 and 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagamani Chintakuntla
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.,Department of Biochemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
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Tan MX, Wang ZF, Qin QP, Zou BQ, Liang H. Complexes of oxoplatin with rhein and ferulic acid ligands as platinum(iv) prodrugs with high anti-tumor activity. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:1613-1619. [PMID: 31942585 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04594e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We herein designed two new PtIV prodrugs of oxoplatin (cis,cis,cis-[PtCl2(NH3)2(OH)2]), [PtIVCl2(NH3)2(O2C-FA)2] (Pt-2) and [PtIVCl2(NH3)2(O2C-RH)2] (Pt-3), by conjugating with ferulic acid (FA-COOH) and rhein (RH-COOH) which have well-known biological activities. Three other Pt(iv) complexes of [PtIVCl2(NH3)2(O2C-BA)2] (Pt-1), [PtIVCl2(NH3)2(O2C-CA)2] (Pt-4) and [PtIVCl2(NH3)2(O2C-TCA)2] (Pt-5) (where BA-COOH = benzoic acid, CA-COOH = crotonic acid and TCA-COOH = trans-cinnamic acid) were also prepared for the comparative study. Like most PtIV prodrug complexes, the cytotoxicity of Pt-3 containing the biologically active rhein (RH-COOH) ligand against lung carcinoma (A549 and A549/DDP) cells was higher than those of Pt-1, Pt-2, Pt-4, cisplatin and Pt-5. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of Pt-3 in HL-7702 normal cells was lower than those of PtIV derivatives bearing BA-COOH, FA-COOH, TCA-COOH and CA-COOH ligands. The highly efficacious Pt-2 and Pt-3 were found to accumulate strongly in the A549/DDP cells, with the prodrug Pt-3 showing highest levels of penetration into the mitochondria. The prodrug Pt-3 effectively entered the A549/DDP cells and caused mitochondrial damage, significantly greater than Pt-2. In addition, the prodrug Pt-3 exhibited higher antitumor efficacy (inhibition rates (IR) = 67.45%) than Pt-2 (28.12%) and cisplatin (33.05%) in the A549/DDP xenograft mouse model. Thus, the prodrug Pt-3 containing the rhein (RH-COOH) ligand is a promising candidate drug targeting the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xiong Tan
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China.
| | - Zhen-Feng Wang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China.
| | - Qi-Pin Qin
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China. and State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China.
| | - Bi-Qun Zou
- Department of Chemistry, Guilin Normal College, 9 Feihu Road, Gulin 541001, China.
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China.
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20
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Hanif M, Hartinger CG. From the hypothesis-driven development of organometallic anticancer drugs to new methods in mode of action studies. Med Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adioch.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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21
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Qin QP, Wang ZF, Huang XL, Tan MX, Zou BQ, Liang H. Strong in vitro and vivo cytotoxicity of novel organoplatinum(II) complexes with quinoline-coumarin derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 184:111751. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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22
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Mono- and binuclear Ru(II) arene complexes with (fluoro substituted) picolinic acid: Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.120966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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23
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Polynuclear zinc(II) complexes of thiosemicarbazone: Synthesis, X-ray structure and biological evaluation. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 203:110908. [PMID: 31683125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Two new dimeric Zn(II) ([{ZnL1(DMSO2)}2]·DMSO (1), [{ZnL2Cl}2] (2)) and a novel tetrameric Zn(II) complex ([(Zn2L3)2(μ-OAc)2(μ3-O)2] (3)), where H2L1 = 4-(p-methoxyphenyl) thiosemicarbazone of o-hydroxynapthaldehyde, HL2 = 4-(p-methoxyphenyl)thiosemicarbazone of benzoyl pyridine and H2L3 = 4-(p-chlorophenyl)thiosemicarbazone of o-vanillin are reported. Ligands and their complexes were characterized by spectroscopic and single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. In addition, the complexes exhibited good binding affinity towards HSA (1012 M-1), which is supported by their ability to quench the tryptophan fluorescence emission spectra of HSA. The complexes were also screened for their DNA binding propensity through UV-vis absorption titration, circular dichroism and fluorescence spectral studies. Results show that they effectively interact with CT-DNA through an intercalative mode of binding, with binding constants ranging from 103 to 104 M-1. Among the three complexes 1 has the highest binding affinity towards CT-DNA. Further, the phosphatase activity was evaluated using bis(2,4-dinitrophenyl)phosphate (BDNPP) as substrate, however, the complexes did not yield any measurable catalytic activity. Nevertheless the complexes showed significant cytotoxic potential against HeLa and HT-29 cancer cell lines that was assessed through MTT assay and DAPI staining. Remarkably, complex 1 showed better activity than cisplatin against HT-29 cell line.
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24
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Mutua GK, Bellam R, Jaganyi D, Mambanda A. The role of N,N-chelate ligand on the reactivity of (η6-p-cymene)Ru(II) complexes: kinetics, DNA and protein interaction studies. J COORD CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2019.1676893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gershom Kyalo Mutua
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya
| | - Rajesh Bellam
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Deogratius Jaganyi
- School of Science, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Allen Mambanda
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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25
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Rubio AR, Fidalgo J, Martin-Vargas J, Pérez-Arnaiz C, Alonso-Torre SR, Biver T, Espino G, Busto N, García B. Biological activity and photocatalytic properties of a naphthyl-imidazo phenanthroline (HNAIP) ligand and its [Ir(ppy) 2(HNAIP)]Cl and [Rh(ppy) 2(HNAIP)]Cl complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 203:110885. [PMID: 31731049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The synthesized 2-(hydroxy-1-naphtyl)imidazo-[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline (HNAIP) ligand and its new iridium ([Ir(ppy)2(HNAIP)]Cl) and rhodium ([Rh(ppy)2(HNAIP)]Cl) complexes, being ppy = 2-phenylpiridinate, show cytotoxic effects in SW480 (colon adenocarcinoma) and A549 (epithelial lung adenocarcinoma) cells. They all are cytotoxic in the tested cell lines. HNAIP and [Rh(ppy)2(HNAIP)]+ are the most cytotoxic, whereas [Ir(ppy)2(HNAIP)]+ displays negligible cytotoxicity towards A549 cells and moderate activity towards SW480. The interaction of all three compounds with Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA), l-glutathione reduced (GSH), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and DNA was studied to explain the differences found in terms of cytotoxicity. None of them are able to interact with BSA, thus excluding bioavailability due to plasma protein interaction as the possible differentiating factor in their biological activity. By contrast, small differences have been observed regarding DNA interaction. In addition, taking advantage of the emission properties of these molecules, they have been visualized in the cytoplasmic region of A549 cells. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) experiments show, in turn, that the internalization ability follow the sequence [Rh(ppy)2(HNAIP)]+ > [Ir(ppy)2(HNAIP)]+ > cisplatin. Therefore, it seems clear that the cellular uptake by tumour cells is the key factor affecting the different cytotoxicity of the metal complexes and that this cellular uptake is influenced by the hydrophobicity of the studied complexes. On the other hand, preliminary catalytic experiments performed on the photo-oxidation of GSH and some amino acids such as l-methionine (Met), l-cysteine (Cys) and l-tryptophan (Trp) provide evidence for the photocatalytic activity of the Ir(III) complex in this type of reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Rubio
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Jairo Fidalgo
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Judit Martin-Vargas
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Cristina Pérez-Arnaiz
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Sara R Alonso-Torre
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Tarita Biver
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gustavo Espino
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Natalia Busto
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Begoña García
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain.
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27
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Mohamed Subarkhan MK, Ren L, Xie B, Chen C, Wang Y, Wang H. Novel tetranuclear ruthenium(II) arene complexes showing potent cytotoxic and antimetastatic activity as well as low toxicity in vivo. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 179:246-256. [PMID: 31255925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium complexes have attracted a surge of interest as anticancer drug candidates because of their low toxicity, diversity in mode-of-actions and non-cross drug resistance with conventional platinum-based agents. Despite remarkable advances, only a limited number of ruthenium complexes have been demonstrated to kill cancer cells and suppress metastasis simultaneously. Here, two organometallic tetranuclear Ru(II) arene complexes (Ru-1 and Ru-2) have been synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro activity against a panel of human cancer cell lines, including a cisplatin-resistant human lung cancer A549 cell line. A superior cytotoxic activity of the ruthenium complexes compared to cisplatin across distinct cell lines was observed. Further examination of the mechanism indicated that anticancer activity was accomplished by inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. In addition, we found that such compounds exhibited promising antimetastatic activity and reduced the invasiveness of cancer cells. Importantly, choosing Ru-1 as a target compound, a significantly enhanced safety profile relative to cisplatin in animals was validated, suggesting that these complexes can be used as promising candidates for cancer therapy and deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Kasim Mohamed Subarkhan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China
| | - Lulu Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China
| | - Binbin Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China
| | - Chao Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, PR China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China
| | - Hangxiang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China.
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28
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Alexander C, Prajith NU, Priyanka PV, Nithyakumar A, Arockia Samy N. Dinuclear platinum(II) complexes of imidazophenanthroline-based bridging ligands as potential anticancer agents: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro cytotoxicity studies. J Biol Inorg Chem 2019; 24:405-418. [PMID: 30945024 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-019-01656-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of the dinucleating ligands 1,2-bis(2-(1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl)phenoxy)ethane (L1) and 1,2-bis(2-(1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1, 10]phenanthrolin-2-yl)phenoxy)hexane (L2) and their dinuclear complexes [Pt2(L1)Cl4] (1) and [Pt2(L2)Cl4] (2) and the in vitro cytotoxicity of the complexes against HeLa, HepG2, and MCF-7 cell lines are reported. Ligand L1 crystallizes in the orthorhombic system with the space group Pbca. The complexes 1 and 2 undergo aquation following first-order kinetics. The MTT and trypan blue assays indicate higher cytotoxicity of the complexes towards the HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines compared to cisplatin. The AO/EB assay and flow cytometry by Annexin V alexa fluor®488/PI double staining assay demonstrate distinct morphological changes of apoptosis in a dose dependent manner. The cell cycle analysis shows a marked decrease in the DNA content in the G0/G1 phase with an increase in the G2/M phase on increasing the concentration of the complexes. The potential of the complexes as anticancer agents is demonstrated by their antiproliferative activity on the cell lines. The complexes interact with the major groove of DNA through H-bonding between the imidazole N-H protons and the nucleotide residues DC`21/N4 (cytosine) for complex 1 and DT`7/O2 (thymine) and DT`19/O2 (thymine) for complex 2, with the binding energy of - 1.98 and - 4.45 kcal/mol, respectively. Dinuclear Pt(II) complexes of imidazophenanthroline-based dinucleating ligands exhibit antiproliferative activity against HeLa, HepG2, and MCF-7 cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N U Prajith
- Department of Chemistry, Loyola College, Chennai, 600034, India
| | - P V Priyanka
- Department of Chemistry, Loyola College, Chennai, 600034, India
| | - A Nithyakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Loyola College, Chennai, 600034, India
| | - N Arockia Samy
- Department of Chemistry, Loyola College, Chennai, 600034, India.
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Three new tetranuclear phenoxy-bridged metal(II) complexes: Synthesis, structural variation, cryomagnetic properties, DFT study and antiprolifirative properties. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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30
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de la Cueva-Alique I, Sierra S, Pérez-Redondo A, Marzo I, Gude L, Cuenca T, Royo E. Study of the anticancer properties of optically active titanocene oximato compounds. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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Parveen S, Hanif M, Leung E, Tong KKH, Yang A, Astin J, De Zoysa GH, Steel TR, Goodman D, Movassaghi S, Söhnel T, Sarojini V, Jamieson SMF, Hartinger CG. Anticancer organorhodium and -iridium complexes with low toxicity in vivo but high potency in vitro: DNA damage, reactive oxygen species formation, and haemolytic activity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:12016-12019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03822a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dinuclear RhIII(Cp*) and IrIII(Cp*) complexes demonstrated potent in vitro anticancer activity while exhibiting low toxicity in haemolysis studies and in vivo zebrafish models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahida Parveen
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland 1142
- New Zealand
| | - Muhammad Hanif
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland 1142
- New Zealand
| | - Euphemia Leung
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre
- University of Auckland
- Auckland 1142
- New Zealand
| | - Kelvin K. H. Tong
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland 1142
- New Zealand
| | - Annie Yang
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology
- University of Auckland
- Auckland 1142
- New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Astin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology
- University of Auckland
- Auckland 1142
- New Zealand
| | - Gayan H. De Zoysa
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland 1142
- New Zealand
| | - Tasha R. Steel
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland 1142
- New Zealand
| | - David Goodman
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland 1142
- New Zealand
| | - Sanam Movassaghi
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland 1142
- New Zealand
| | - Tilo Söhnel
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland 1142
- New Zealand
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32
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Ruthenium coordination compounds of biological and biomedical significance. DNA binding agents. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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33
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Understanding the interactions of diruthenium anticancer agents with amino acids. J Biol Inorg Chem 2018; 23:1159-1164. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-018-1597-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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34
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de la Cueva-Alique I, Sierra S, Muñoz-Moreno L, Pérez-Redondo A, Bajo AM, Marzo I, Gude L, Cuenca T, Royo E. Biological evaluation of water soluble arene Ru(II) enantiomers with amino-oxime ligands. J Inorg Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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35
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A comparative study on in vitro cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, localization and apoptosis-inducing mechanism of two ruthenium(II) complexes. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-018-0203-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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36
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Mohamed Kasim MS, Sundar S, Rengan R. Synthesis and structure of new binuclear ruthenium(ii) arene benzil bis(benzoylhydrazone) complexes: investigation on antiproliferative activity and apoptosis induction. Inorg Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qi00761b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
New binuclear Ru(ii) arene benzil bis(benzoylhydrazone) complexes show excellent cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines. The results of biochemical assays demonstrated that complexes are able to induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saranya Sundar
- Centre for Organometallic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli 620 024
- India
| | - Ramesh Rengan
- Centre for Organometallic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli 620 024
- India
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37
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Chen J, Zhang Y, Li G, Peng F, Jie X, She J, Dongye G, Zou Z, Rong S, Chen L. Cytotoxicity in vitro, cellular uptake, localization and apoptotic mechanism studies induced by ruthenium(II) complex. J Biol Inorg Chem 2017; 23:261-275. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-017-1528-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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38
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Novohradsky V, Yellol J, Stuchlikova O, Santana MD, Kostrhunova H, Yellol G, Kasparkova J, Bautista D, Ruiz J, Brabec V. Organoruthenium Complexes with C^N Ligands are Highly Potent Cytotoxic Agents that Act by a New Mechanism of Action. Chemistry 2017; 23:15294-15299. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Novohradsky
- Institute of Biophysics; Czech Academy of Sciences; Kralovopolska 135 61265 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Jyoti Yellol
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”; Universidad de Murcia and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca); 30071 Murcia Spain
| | - Olga Stuchlikova
- Institute of Biophysics; Czech Academy of Sciences; Kralovopolska 135 61265 Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science; Palacky University; 17. listopadu 12 77146 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - María Dolores Santana
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”; Universidad de Murcia and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca); 30071 Murcia Spain
| | - Hana Kostrhunova
- Institute of Biophysics; Czech Academy of Sciences; Kralovopolska 135 61265 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Gorakh Yellol
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”; Universidad de Murcia and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca); 30071 Murcia Spain
| | - Jana Kasparkova
- Institute of Biophysics; Czech Academy of Sciences; Kralovopolska 135 61265 Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science; Palacky University; 17. listopadu 12 77146 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | | | - José Ruiz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”; Universidad de Murcia and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca); 30071 Murcia Spain
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Institute of Biophysics; Czech Academy of Sciences; Kralovopolska 135 61265 Brno Czech Republic
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39
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Zeng L, Gupta P, Chen Y, Wang E, Ji L, Chao H, Chen ZS. The development of anticancer ruthenium(ii) complexes: from single molecule compounds to nanomaterials. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:5771-5804. [PMID: 28654103 PMCID: PMC5624840 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00195a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 729] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is rapidly becoming the top killer in the world. Most of the FDA approved anticancer drugs are organic molecules, while metallodrugs are very scarce. The advent of the first metal based therapeutic agent, cisplatin, launched a new era in the application of transition metal complexes for therapeutic design. Due to their unique and versatile biochemical properties, ruthenium-based compounds have emerged as promising anti-cancer agents that serve as alternatives to cisplatin and its derivertives. Ruthenium(iii) complexes have successfully been used in clinical research and their mechanisms of anticancer action have been reported in large volumes over the past few decades. Ruthenium(ii) complexes have also attracted significant attention as anticancer candidates; however, only a few of them have been reported comprehensively. In this review, we discuss the development of ruthenium(ii) complexes as anticancer candidates and biocatalysts, including arene ruthenium complexes, polypyridyl ruthenium complexes, and ruthenium nanomaterial complexes. This review focuses on the likely mechanisms of action of ruthenium(ii)-based anticancer drugs and the relationship between their chemical structures and biological properties. This review also highlights the catalytic activity and the photoinduced activation of ruthenium(ii) complexes, their targeted delivery, and their activity in nanomaterial systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leli Zeng
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY 11439, USA.
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40
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Gaur R, Choubey DK, Usman M, Ward BD, Roy JK, Mishra L. Synthesis, structures, nuclease activity, cytotoxicity, DFT and molecular docking studies of two nitrato bridged homodinuclear (Cu-Cu, Zn-Zn) complexes containing 2,2′-bipyridine and a chalcone derivative. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 173:650-660. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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41
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Batchelor LK, Păunescu E, Soudani M, Scopelliti R, Dyson PJ. Influence of the Linker Length on the Cytotoxicity of Homobinuclear Ruthenium(II) and Gold(I) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:9617-9633. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda K. Batchelor
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emilia Păunescu
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mylène Soudani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul J. Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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42
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Al-Masoudi WA, Al-Masoudi NA, Weibert B, Winter R. Synthesis, X-ray structure,in vitroHIV and kinesin Eg5 inhibition activities of new arene ruthenium complexes of pyrimidine analogs. J COORD CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2017.1334259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wasfi A. Al-Masoudi
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Chemistry, College of Veterinary, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | - Najim A. Al-Masoudi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | - Bernhard Weibert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Rainer Winter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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43
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Hanif M, Meier SM, Adhireksan Z, Henke H, Martic S, Movassaghi S, Labib M, Kandioller W, Jamieson SMF, Hejl M, Jakupec MA, Kraatz HB, Davey CA, Keppler BK, Hartinger CG. Functionalization of Ruthenium(II)(η 6 -p-cymene)(3-hydroxy-2-pyridone) Complexes with (Thio)Morpholine: Synthesis and Bioanalytical Studies. Chempluschem 2017; 82:841-847. [PMID: 31961568 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201700050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxypyr(id)ones constitute an emerging platform for the design of drug molecules, owing to their favorable biocompatibility and toxicity profiles. Herein, [RuII (η6 -p-cymene)] complexes with 3-hydroxy-2-pyridinone functionalized with morpholine and thiomorpholine, as a means often used in medicinal chemistry to alter the physicochemical properties of drug compounds, are reported. The compounds underwent hydrolysis of the Ru-Cl bond and the aqua species were stable for up to 48 h in aqueous solution, as observed by 1 H NMR spectroscopy and ESI-MS. The compounds formed adducts with amino acids and proteins through cleavage of the pyridinone ligand. Binding experiments to the nucleosome core particle by means of X-ray crystallography revealed similar reactivity and exclusive binding to histidine moieties of the histone proteins. Preliminary cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2)/cyclin A kinase inhibitory studies revealed promising activity similar to that of structurally related organometallic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hanif
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Samuel M Meier
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zenita Adhireksan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Helena Henke
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sanela Martic
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, 2200 North Squirrel Road, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Sanam Movassaghi
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Mahmoud Labib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H2, Canada
| | - Wolfgang Kandioller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephen M F Jamieson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Michaela Hejl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael A Jakupec
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz-Bernhard Kraatz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada.,Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Curt A Davey
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.,NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian G Hartinger
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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44
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Zamora A, Pérez SA, Rothemund M, Rodríguez V, Schobert R, Janiak C, Ruiz J. Exploring the Influence of the Aromaticity on the Anticancer and Antivascular Activities of Organoplatinum(II) Complexes. Chemistry 2017; 23:5614-5625. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Zamora
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum” Universidad de Murcia, and Institute for Bio-Health, Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca) 30071 Murcia Spain
| | - Sergio A. Pérez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum” Universidad de Murcia, and Institute for Bio-Health, Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca) 30071 Murcia Spain
| | - Matthias Rothemund
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory University Bayreuth Universitaetsstrasse 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Venancio Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum” Universidad de Murcia, and Institute for Bio-Health, Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca) 30071 Murcia Spain
| | - Rainer Schobert
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory University Bayreuth Universitaetsstrasse 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstr. 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - José Ruiz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum” Universidad de Murcia, and Institute for Bio-Health, Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca) 30071 Murcia Spain
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45
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Lipophilicity-antiproliferative activity relationship study leads to the preparation of a ruthenium(II) arene complex with considerable in vitro cytotoxicity against cancer cells and a lower in vivo toxicity in zebrafish embryos than clinically approved cis-platin. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 132:282-293. [PMID: 28371640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ru(II)-arene complexes are attracting increasing attention due to their considerable antitumoral activity. However, it is difficult to clearly establish a direct relationship between their structure and antiproliferative activity, as substantial structural changes might not only affect their anticancer activity but also tightly control their activation site(s) and/or their biological target(s). Herein, we describe the synthesis and characterization of four ruthenium(II) arene complexes bearing bidentate N,O-donor Schiff-base ligands ([Ru(η6-benzene)(N-O)Cl]) that display a significantly distinct antiproliferative activity against cancer cells, despite their close structural similarity. Furthermore, we suggest there is a link between their respective antiproliferative activity and their lipophilicity, as the latter affects their ability to accumulate into cancer cells. This lipophilicity-cytotoxicity relationship was exploited to design another structurally related ruthenium complex with a much higher antiproliferative activity (IC50 > 25.0 μM) against three different human cancer cell lines. Whereas this complex shows a slightly lower activity than that of clinically approved cis-platin against the same human cancer cell lines, it displays a lower toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos at concentrations up to 20 μM.
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46
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Broomfield LM, Alonso-Moreno C, Martin E, Shafir A, Posadas I, Ceña V, Castro-Osma JA. Aminophosphine ligands as a privileged platform for development of antitumoral ruthenium(ii) arene complexes. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:16113-16125. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03369a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The potential utility of aminophosphine ligands in both high-throughput testing and rational design of new anticancer metallodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. M. Broomfield
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
- Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
- Tarragona
- Spain
| | - C. Alonso-Moreno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Orgánica y Bioquímica
- Facultad de Farmacia
- Universidad de Castilla-La Man-cha
- 02071-Albacete
| | - E. Martin
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
- Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
- Tarragona
- Spain
| | - A. Shafir
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
- Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
- Tarragona
- Spain
| | - I. Posadas
- CIBERNED
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Madrid
- Spain
- Unidad Asociada Neurodeath CSIC-UCLM
| | - V. Ceña
- CIBERNED
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Madrid
- Spain
- Unidad Asociada Neurodeath CSIC-UCLM
| | - J. A. Castro-Osma
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Orgánica y Bioquímica
- Facultad de Farmacia
- Universidad de Castilla-La Man-cha
- 02071-Albacete
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47
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Ajibola Adeyemo A, Shettar A, Bhat IA, Kondaiah P, Mukherjee PS. Self-Assembly of Discrete Ru II8 Molecular Cages and Their in Vitro Anticancer Activity. Inorg Chem 2016; 56:608-617. [PMID: 27997153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Four new octanuclear Ru(II) cages (OC-1-OC-4) were synthesized from dinuclear p-cymene ruthenium(II) acceptors [Ru2(μ-η4-C2O4)(CH3OH)2(η6-p-cymene)2](O3SCF3)2 (A1), [Ru2(μ-η4-C6H2O4)(CH3OH)2(η6-p-cymene)2](O3SCF3)2 (A2), [Ru2(dhnq)(H2O)2(η6-p-cymene)2](O3SCF3)2 (A3), and [Ru2(dhtq)(H2O)2(η6-p-cymene)2](O3SCF3)2 (A4) separately with a tetradentate pyridyl ligand (L1) in methanol using coordination-driven self-assembly [L1= N,N,N',N'-tetra(pyridin-4-yl)benzene-1,4-diamine]. The octanuclear cages are fully characterized by various spectroscopic techniques including single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of OC-4. The self-assembled cages show strong in vitro anticancer activity against human lung adenocarcinoma A549 and human cervical cancer HeLa cell lines as observed from the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Of all the octanuclear cages, OC-3 exhibits remarkable anticancer activity against both cancer cell lines and is more active than that reported for cisplatin. The excellent anticancer activity of OC-3 and OC-4 highlights the importance of the synergistic effects of the spacer component of the dinuclear p-cymene Ru(II) acceptor clips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aderonke Ajibola Adeyemo
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry and †Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Abhijith Shettar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry and †Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Imtiyaz Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry and †Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Paturu Kondaiah
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry and †Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry and †Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
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48
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Parveen S, Hanif M, Movassaghi S, Sullivan MP, Kubanik M, Shaheen MA, Söhnel T, Jamieson SMF, Hartinger CG. Cationic Ru(η6-p-cymene) Complexes of 3-Hydroxy-4-pyr(id)ones - Lipophilic Triphenylphosphine as Co-Ligand Is Key to Highly Stable and Cytotoxic Anticancer Agents. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201601163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahida Parveen
- School of Chemical Sciences; University of Auckland; Private Bag 92019 1142 Auckland New Zealand
- Department of Chemistry; University of Sargodha; 40100 Sargodha Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hanif
- School of Chemical Sciences; University of Auckland; Private Bag 92019 1142 Auckland New Zealand
| | - Sanam Movassaghi
- School of Chemical Sciences; University of Auckland; Private Bag 92019 1142 Auckland New Zealand
| | - Matthew P. Sullivan
- School of Chemical Sciences; University of Auckland; Private Bag 92019 1142 Auckland New Zealand
| | - Mario Kubanik
- School of Chemical Sciences; University of Auckland; Private Bag 92019 1142 Auckland New Zealand
| | | | - Tilo Söhnel
- School of Chemical Sciences; University of Auckland; Private Bag 92019 1142 Auckland New Zealand
| | - Stephen M. F. Jamieson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre; University of Auckland; Private Bag 92019 1142 Auckland New Zealand
| | - Christian G. Hartinger
- School of Chemical Sciences; University of Auckland; Private Bag 92019 1142 Auckland New Zealand
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49
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Tripathy SK, De U, Dehury N, Laha P, Panda MK, Kim HS, Patra S. Cyclometallated iridium complexes inducing paraptotic cell death like natural products: synthesis, structure and mechanistic aspects. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:15122-15136. [PMID: 27711766 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00929h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
Six mononuclear Ir complexes (1-6) using polypyridyl-pyrazine based ligands (L1 and L2) and {[cp*IrCl(μ-Cl)]2 and [(ppy)2Ir(μ-Cl)]2} precursors have been synthesised and characterised. Complexes 1-5 have shown potent anticancer activity against various human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, LNCap, Ishikawa, DU145, PC3 and SKOV3) while complex 6 is found to be inactive. Flow cytometry studies have established that cellular accumulation of the complexes lies in the order 2 > 1 > 5 > 4 > 3 > 6 which is in accordance with their observed cytotoxicity. No changes in the expression of the proteins like PARP, caspase 9 and beclin-1, Atg12 discard apoptosis and autophagy, respectively. Overexpression of CHOP, activation of MAPKs (P38, JNK, and ERK) and massive cytoplasmic vacuolisation collectively suggest a paraptotic mode of cell death induced by proteasomal dysfunction as well as endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial stress. An intimate relationship between p53, ROS production and extent of cell death has also been established using p53 wild, null and mutant type cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Kumar Tripathy
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar-751007, India.
| | - Umasankar De
- Division of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Niranjan Dehury
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar-751007, India.
| | - Paltan Laha
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar-751007, India.
| | - Manas Kumar Panda
- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram - 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- Division of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Srikanta Patra
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar-751007, India.
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50
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Lai SH, Li W, Yao JH, Han BJ, Jiang GB, Zhang C, Zeng CC, Liu YJ. Protein binding and anticancer activity studies of ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes toward BEL-7402 cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 158:39-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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