1
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Taoma K, Tyson JJ, Laomettachit T, Kraikivski P. Stochastic Boolean model of normal and aberrant cell cycles in budding yeast. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2024; 10:121. [PMID: 39420008 PMCID: PMC11487276 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-024-00452-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 10/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The cell cycle of budding yeast is governed by an intricate protein regulatory network whose dysregulation can lead to lethal mistakes or aberrant cell division cycles. In this work, we model this network in a Boolean framework for stochastic simulations. Our model is sufficiently detailed to account for the phenotypes of 40 mutant yeast strains (83% of the experimentally characterized strains that we simulated) and also to simulate an endoreplicating strain (multiple rounds of DNA synthesis without mitosis) and a strain that exhibits 'Cdc14 endocycles' (periodic transitions between metaphase and anaphase). Because our model successfully replicates the observed properties of both wild-type yeast cells and many mutant strains, it provides a reasonable, validated starting point for more comprehensive stochastic-Boolean models of cell cycle controls. Such models may provide a better understanding of cell cycle anomalies in budding yeast and ultimately in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittisak Taoma
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
- Theoretical and Computational Physics Group, Center of Excellence in Theoretical and Computational Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - John J Tyson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Teeraphan Laomettachit
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand.
- Theoretical and Computational Physics Group, Center of Excellence in Theoretical and Computational Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand.
| | - Pavel Kraikivski
- Division of Systems Biology, Academy of Integrated Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
- VT-Center for the Mathematics of Biosystems, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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2
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Kojima H, Kawauchi M, Otsuka Y, Schiphof K, Tsuji K, Yoshimi A, Tanaka C, Yano S, Nakazawa T, Honda Y. Putative APSES family transcription factor mbp1 plays an essential role in regulating cell wall synthesis in the agaricomycete Pleurotus ostreatus. Fungal Genet Biol 2024; 175:103936. [PMID: 39369812 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2024.103936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2024] [Revised: 09/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
The clade A APSES family transcription factors (Mbp1, Swi4, and Swi6) contribute to cell wall synthesis regulation in fungi. Herein, evolutionary relationships among these proteins were clarified by phylogenetic analysis using various ascomycetes and basidiomycetes, and then the detailed function of Mbp1 in cell wall synthesis regulation was analyzed in Pleurotus ostreatus. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that Mbp1 and Swi6 are widely conserved among various fungi, whereas Swi4 is a protein specific for Saccharomycotina. In P. ostreatus, two putative clade A APSES family transcription factors, protein ID 83192 and 134090, were found and identified as Mbp1 and Swi6, respectively. The mbp1 gene was then disrupted through homologous recombination using P. ostreatus 20b strain (Δku80) as a host to obtain mbp1 disruption strains (Δmbp1). Disruption of mbp1 significantly decreased the growth rate and shortened aerial hyphae, suggesting that Mbp1 is involved in mycelial growth, especially aerial hyphal growth. Furthermore, thinner cell walls, decreased relative percentage of β-glucan, and downregulation of all β-glucan synthase genes were observed in Δmbp1 strains. Therefore, Mbp1 plays an essential role in β-glucan synthesis regulation in P. ostreatus. Disruption of mbp1 also impacted the expression profiles of chitin synthase genes, septum formation, and sensitivity to a chitin synthesis inhibitor, suggesting that Mbp1 also regulates chitin synthesis. In conclusion, Mbp1 is responsible for normal mycelial growth and regulates β-glucan and chitin synthesis in P. ostreatus. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the detailed function of Mbp1 in cell wall synthesis regulation in fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayase Kojima
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Moriyuki Kawauchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Yuitsu Otsuka
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kim Schiphof
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kenya Tsuji
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Akira Yoshimi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Chihiro Tanaka
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Yano
- Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Takehito Nakazawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoichi Honda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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3
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Cezanne A, Foo S, Kuo YW, Baum B. The Archaeal Cell Cycle. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2024; 40:1-23. [PMID: 38748857 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-111822-120242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Since first identified as a separate domain of life in the 1970s, it has become clear that archaea differ profoundly from both eukaryotes and bacteria. In this review, we look across the archaeal domain and discuss the diverse mechanisms by which archaea control cell cycle progression, DNA replication, and cell division. While the molecular and cellular processes archaea use to govern these critical cell biological processes often differ markedly from those described in bacteria and eukaryotes, there are also striking similarities that highlight both unique and common principles of cell cycle control across the different domains of life. Since much of the eukaryotic cell cycle machinery has its origins in archaea, exploration of the mechanisms of archaeal cell division also promises to illuminate the evolution of the eukaryotic cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Cezanne
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom; , , ,
| | - Sherman Foo
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom; , , ,
| | - Yin-Wei Kuo
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom; , , ,
| | - Buzz Baum
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom; , , ,
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4
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Huang Y, Chen J, Xia H, Gao Z, Gu Q, Liu W, Tang G. FvMbp1-Swi6 complex regulates vegetative growth, stress tolerance, and virulence in Fusarium verticillioides. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 473:134576. [PMID: 38759405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The mycotoxigenic fungus Fusarium verticillioides is a common pathogen of grain and medicine that contaminates the host with fumonisin B1 (FB1) mycotoxin, poses serious threats to human and animal health. Therefore, it is crucial to unravel the regulatory mechanisms of growth, and pathogenicity of F. verticillioides. Mbp1 is a component of the MluI cell cycle box binding factor complex and acts as an APSES-type transcription factor that regulates cell cycle progression. However, no information is available regarding its role in F. verticillioides. In this study, we demonstrate that FvMbp1 interacts with FvSwi6 that acts as the cell cycle transcription factor, to form the heteromeric transcription factor complexes in F. verticillioides. Our results show that ΔFvMbp1 and ΔFvSwi6 both cause a severe reduction of vegetative growth, conidiation, and increase tolerance to diverse environmental stresses. Moreover, ΔFvMbp1 and ΔFvSwi6 dramatically decrease the virulence of the pathogen on the stalk and ear of maize. Transcriptome profiling show that FvMbp1-Swi6 complex co-regulates the expression of genes associated with multiple stress responses. These results indicate the functional importance of the FvMbp1-Swi6 complex in the filamentous fungi F. verticillioides and reveal a potential target for the effective prevention and control of Fusarium diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Huang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinfeng Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haoxue Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zenggui Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Qin Gu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wende Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guangfei Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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5
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Ng HY, Adly AN, Whelpley DH, Suhandynata RT, Zhou H, Morgan DO. Phosphate-binding pocket on cyclin B governs CDK substrate phosphorylation and mitotic timing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.28.582599. [PMID: 38464173 PMCID: PMC10925351 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.28.582599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Cell cycle progression is governed by complexes of the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their regulatory subunits cyclin and Cks1. CDKs phosphorylate hundreds of substrates, often at multiple sites. Multisite phosphorylation depends on Cks1, which binds initial priming phosphorylation sites to promote secondary phosphorylation at other sites. Here, we describe a similar role for a recently discovered phosphate-binding pocket (PP) on B-type cyclins. Mutation of the PP in Clb2, the major mitotic cyclin of budding yeast, alters bud morphology and delays the onset of anaphase. Using phosphoproteomics in vivo and kinase reactions in vitro, we find that mutation of the PP reduces phosphorylation of several CDK substrates, including the Bud6 subunit of the polarisome and the Cdc16 and Cdc27 subunits of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome. We conclude that the cyclin PP, like Cks1, controls the timing of multisite phosphorylation on CDK substrates, thereby helping to establish the robust timing of cell-cycle events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Y. Ng
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA
| | - Armin N. Adly
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA
| | - Devon H. Whelpley
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA
| | - Raymond T. Suhandynata
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA
| | - Huilin Zhou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA
| | - David O. Morgan
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA
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6
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Gorospe CM, Carvalho G, Herrera Curbelo A, Marchhart L, Mendes IC, Niedźwiecka K, Wanrooij PH. Mitochondrial membrane potential acts as a retrograde signal to regulate cell cycle progression. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302091. [PMID: 37696576 PMCID: PMC10494934 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are central to numerous metabolic pathways whereby mitochondrial dysfunction has a profound impact and can manifest in disease. The consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction can be ameliorated by adaptive responses that rely on crosstalk from the mitochondria to the rest of the cell. Such mito-cellular signalling slows cell cycle progression in mitochondrial DNA-deficient (ρ0) Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, but the initial trigger of the response has not been thoroughly studied. Here, we show that decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) acts as the initial signal of mitochondrial stress that delays G1-to-S phase transition in both ρ0 and control cells containing mtDNA. Accordingly, experimentally increasing ΔΨm was sufficient to restore timely cell cycle progression in ρ0 cells. In contrast, cellular levels of oxidative stress did not correlate with the G1-to-S delay. Restored G1-to-S transition in ρ0 cells with a recovered ΔΨm is likely attributable to larger cell size, whereas the timing of G1/S transcription remained delayed. The identification of ΔΨm as a regulator of cell cycle progression may have implications for disease states involving mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choco Michael Gorospe
- https://ror.org/05kb8h459 Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gustavo Carvalho
- https://ror.org/05kb8h459 Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Alicia Herrera Curbelo
- https://ror.org/05kb8h459 Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lisa Marchhart
- https://ror.org/05kb8h459 Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Isabela C Mendes
- https://ror.org/05kb8h459 Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Katarzyna Niedźwiecka
- https://ror.org/05kb8h459 Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina H Wanrooij
- https://ror.org/05kb8h459 Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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7
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Pluta AJ, Studniarek C, Murphy S, Norbury CJ. Cyclin-dependent kinases: Masters of the eukaryotic universe. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 15:e1816. [PMID: 37718413 PMCID: PMC10909489 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
A family of structurally related cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) drives many aspects of eukaryotic cell function. Much of the literature in this area has considered individual members of this family to act primarily either as regulators of the cell cycle, the context in which CDKs were first discovered, or as regulators of transcription. Until recently, CDK7 was the only clear example of a CDK that functions in both processes. However, new data points to several "cell-cycle" CDKs having important roles in transcription and some "transcriptional" CDKs having cell cycle-related targets. For example, novel functions in transcription have been demonstrated for the archetypal cell cycle regulator CDK1. The increasing evidence of the overlap between these two CDK types suggests that they might play a critical role in coordinating the two processes. Here we review the canonical functions of cell-cycle and transcriptional CDKs, and provide an update on how these kinases collaborate to perform important cellular functions. We also provide a brief overview of how dysregulation of CDKs contributes to carcinogenesis, and possible treatment avenues. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA-Protein Complexes RNA Processing > 3' End Processing RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shona Murphy
- Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Chris J. Norbury
- Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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8
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Yang J, Wang Z, Wang C, Tang D, Zang Z, Stover NA, Chen X, Li L. Single-cell transcriptome reveals cell division-regulated hub genes in the unicellular eukaryote Paramecium. Eur J Protistol 2023; 89:125978. [PMID: 37080141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2023.125978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The transition from growth to division during the cell cycle encompasses numerous conserved processes such as large-scale DNA replication and protein synthesis. In ciliate cells, asexual cell division is accompanied by additional cellular changes including amitotic nuclear division, extensive ciliogenesis, and trichocyst replication. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes remain elusive. In this study, we present single-cell gene expression profiles of Paramecium cf. multimicronucleatum cells undergoing cell division. Our results reveal that the most up-regulated genes in dividing cells compared to growing cells are associated with 1) cell cycle signaling pathways including transcription, DNA replication, chromosome segregation and protein degradation; 2) microtubule proteins and tubulin glycylases which are essential for ciliogenesis, nuclei separation and structural differentiation signaling; and 3) trichocyst matrix proteins involved in trichocyst synthesis and reproduction. Furthermore, weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified hub genes that may play crucial roles during cell division. Our findings provide insights into cell cycle regulators, microtubules and trichocyst matrix proteins that may exert influence on this process in ciliates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yang
- Laboratory of Marine Protozoan Biodiversity & Evolution, Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Zhenyuan Wang
- Laboratory of Marine Protozoan Biodiversity & Evolution, Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Chundi Wang
- Laboratory of Marine Protozoan Biodiversity & Evolution, Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Danxu Tang
- Laboratory of Marine Protozoan Biodiversity & Evolution, Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Zihan Zang
- Laboratory of Marine Protozoan Biodiversity & Evolution, Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Naomi A Stover
- Department of Biology, Bradley University, Peoria 61625, USA
| | - Xiao Chen
- Laboratory of Marine Protozoan Biodiversity & Evolution, Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; Suzhou Research Institute, Shandong University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Lifang Li
- Laboratory of Marine Protozoan Biodiversity & Evolution, Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.
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9
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Opposing Roles of FACT for Euchromatin and Heterochromatin in Yeast. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020377. [PMID: 36830746 PMCID: PMC9953268 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell in a folded state; however, only the necessary genetic information is extracted from the required group of genes. The key to extracting genetic information is chromatin ambivalence. Depending on the chromosomal region, chromatin is characterized into low-density "euchromatin" and high-density "heterochromatin", with various factors being involved in its regulation. Here, we focus on chromatin regulation and gene expression by the yeast FACT complex, which functions in both euchromatin and heterochromatin. FACT is known as a histone H2A/H2B chaperone and was initially reported as an elongation factor associated with RNA polymerase II. In budding yeast, FACT activates promoter chromatin by interacting with the transcriptional activators SBF/MBF via the regulation of G1/S cell cycle genes. In fission yeast, FACT plays an important role in the formation of higher-order chromatin structures and transcriptional repression by binding to Swi6, an HP1 family protein, at heterochromatin. This FACT property, which refers to the alternate chromatin-regulation depending on the binding partner, is an interesting phenomenon. Further analysis of nucleosome regulation within heterochromatin is expected in future studies.
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10
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Adler SO, Spiesser TW, Uschner F, Münzner U, Hahn J, Krantz M, Klipp E. A yeast cell cycle model integrating stress, signaling, and physiology. FEMS Yeast Res 2022; 22:6592118. [PMID: 35617157 PMCID: PMC9246278 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foac026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell division cycle in eukaryotic cells is a series of highly coordinated molecular interactions that ensure that cell growth, duplication of genetic material, and actual cell division are precisely orchestrated to give rise to two viable progeny cells. Moreover, the cell cycle machinery is responsible for incorporating information about external cues or internal processes that the cell must keep track of to ensure a coordinated, timely progression of all related processes. This is most pronounced in multicellular organisms, but also a cardinal feature in model organisms such as baker's yeast. The complex and integrative behavior is difficult to grasp and requires mathematical modeling to fully understand the quantitative interplay of the single components within the entire system. Here, we present a self-oscillating mathematical model of the yeast cell cycle that comprises all major cyclins and their main regulators. Furthermore, it accounts for the regulation of the cell cycle machinery by a series of external stimuli such as mating pheromones and changes in osmotic pressure or nutrient quality. We demonstrate how the external perturbations modify the dynamics of cell cycle components and how the cell cycle resumes after adaptation to or relief from stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan O Adler
- Theoretical Biophysics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas W Spiesser
- Theoretical Biophysics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedemann Uschner
- Theoretical Biophysics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Sachsen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Münzner
- Theoretical Biophysics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany.,Laboratory of Cell Systems, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, 565-0871, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jens Hahn
- Theoretical Biophysics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Krantz
- Theoretical Biophysics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Edda Klipp
- Theoretical Biophysics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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11
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Lázari LC, Wolf IR, Schnepper AP, Valente GT. LncRNAs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae bypass the cell cycle arrest imposed by ethanol stress. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010081. [PMID: 35587936 PMCID: PMC9232138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanol alters many subsystems of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, including the cell cycle. Two ethanol-responsive lncRNAs in yeast interact with cell cycle proteins, and here, we investigated the role of these RNAs in cell cycle. Our network dynamic modeling showed that higher and lower ethanol-tolerant strains undergo cell cycle arrest in mitosis and G1 phases, respectively, during ethanol stress. The higher population rebound of the lower ethanol-tolerant phenotype after stress relief responds to the late phase arrest. We found that the lncRNA lnc9136 of SEY6210 (a lower ethanol-tolerant strain) induces cells to skip mitosis arrest. Simulating an overexpression of lnc9136 and analyzing CRISPR–Cas9 mutants lacking this lncRNA suggest that lnc9136 induces a regular cell cycle even under ethanol stress, indirectly regulating Swe1p and Clb1/2 by binding to Gin4p and Hsl1p. Notably, lnc10883 of BY4742 (a higher ethanol-tolerant strain) does not prevent G1 arrest in this strain under ethanol stress. However, lnc19883 circumvents DNA and spindle damage checkpoints, maintaining a functional cell cycle by interacting with Mec1p or Bub1p even in the presence of DNA/spindle damage. Overall, we present the first evidence of direct roles for lncRNAs in regulating yeast cell cycle proteins, the dynamics of this system in different ethanol-tolerant phenotypes, and a new yeast cell cycle model. Ethanol is a cell stressor in yeast that dampen ethanol production. LncRNAs are RNAs that control many cellular processes. Computational simulations allow us to study the dynamism of cell systems. Therefore, we built a computational model of the yeast cell cycle to investigate how cells respond to ethanol stress. Simulations showed that ethanol stress or spindle damage arrests the cell cycle. Furthermore, the performance of higher and lower ethanol-tolerant strains in poststress recovery growth seems to be related to the cell cycle phase in which cells are stalled. However, two lncRNAs maintain the activity of the cell cycle even in yeast cells under these stresses by repressing specific cell cycle proteins. Finally, this model facilitates analyses of the yeast cell cycle for applied or basic science purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Cardoso Lázari
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Sāo Paulo University (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology, School of Agriculture, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Ivan Rodrigo Wolf
- Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology, School of Agriculture, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Bioscience at Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Amanda Piveta Schnepper
- Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology, School of Agriculture, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Targino Valente
- Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology, School of Agriculture, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- * E-mail: ,
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12
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Belanger KD, Yewdell WT, Barber MF, Russo AN, Pettit MA, Damuth EK, Hussain N, Geier SJ, Belanger KG. Exportin Crm1 is important for Swi6 nuclear shuttling and MBF transcription activation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:10. [PMID: 35189816 PMCID: PMC8862259 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-022-00409-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Swi6 acts as a transcription factor in budding yeast, functioning in two different heterodimeric complexes, SBF and MBF, that activate the expression of distinct but overlapping sets of genes. Swi6 undergoes regulated changes in nucleocytoplasmic localization throughout the cell cycle that correlate with changes in gene expression. This study investigates how nucleocytoplasmic transport by multiple transport factors may influence specific Swi6 activities. RESULTS Here we show that the exportin Crm1 is important for Swi6 nuclear export and activity. Loss of a putative Crm1 NES or inhibition of Crm1 activity results in changes in nucleocytoplasmic Swi6 localization. Alteration of the Crm1 NES in Swi6 results in decreased MBF-mediated gene expression, but does not affect SBF reporter expression, suggesting that export of Swi6 by Crm1 regulates a subset of Swi6 transcription activation activity. Finally, alteration of the putative Crm1 NES in Swi6 results in cells that are larger than wild type, and this increase in cell size is exacerbated by deletion of Msn5. CONCLUSIONS These data provide evidence that Swi6 has at least two different exportins, Crm1 and Msn5, each of which interacts with a distinct nuclear export signal. We identify a putative nuclear export signal for Crm1 within Swi6, and observe that export by Crm1 or Msn5 independently influences Swi6-regulated expression of a different subset of Swi6-controlled genes. These findings provide new insights into the complex regulation of Swi6 transcription activation activity and the role of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling in regulated gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William T. Yewdell
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY USA
- Present Address: Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Matthew F. Barber
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY USA
- Present Address: Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR USA
| | - Amy N. Russo
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY USA
- Present Address: The Estée Lauder Companies, Inc., Mellville, NY USA
| | - Mark A. Pettit
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY USA
- Present Address: Department of Emergency Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Emily K. Damuth
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY USA
- Present Address: Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ USA
| | - Naveen Hussain
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY USA
- Present Address: Kerry’s Place Autism Services, Aurora, ON Canada
| | - Susan J. Geier
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY USA
- Present Address: Department of Chemistry, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY USA
| | - Karyn G. Belanger
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY USA
- Present Address: Center for Learning, Teaching, and Research, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY USA
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13
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Enserink JM, Chymkowitch P. Cell Cycle-Dependent Transcription: The Cyclin Dependent Kinase Cdk1 Is a Direct Regulator of Basal Transcription Machineries. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031293. [PMID: 35163213 PMCID: PMC8835803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1 is best known for its function as master regulator of the cell cycle. It phosphorylates several key proteins to control progression through the different phases of the cell cycle. However, studies conducted several decades ago with mammalian cells revealed that Cdk1 also directly regulates the basal transcription machinery, most notably RNA polymerase II. More recent studies in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have revisited this function of Cdk1 and also revealed that Cdk1 directly controls RNA polymerase III activity. These studies have also provided novel insight into the physiological relevance of this process. For instance, cell cycle-stage-dependent activity of these complexes may be important for meeting the increased demand for various proteins involved in housekeeping, metabolism, and protein synthesis. Recent work also indicates that direct regulation of the RNA polymerase II machinery promotes cell cycle entry. Here, we provide an overview of the regulation of basal transcription by Cdk1, and we hypothesize that the original function of the primordial cell-cycle CDK was to regulate RNAPII and that it later evolved into specialized kinases that govern various aspects of the transcription machinery and the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorrit M. Enserink
- Section for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence: (J.M.E.); (P.C.)
| | - Pierre Chymkowitch
- Section for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence: (J.M.E.); (P.C.)
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14
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Multisite phosphorylation by Cdk1 initiates delayed negative feedback to control mitotic transcription. Curr Biol 2022; 32:256-263.e4. [PMID: 34818519 PMCID: PMC8752490 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cell-cycle progression is driven by the phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) substrates.1-3 The order of substrate phosphorylation depends in part on the general rise in Cdk activity during the cell cycle,4-7 together with variations in substrate docking to sites on associated cyclin and Cks subunits.3,6,8-10 Many substrates are modified at multiple sites to provide more complex regulation.10-14 Here, we describe an elegant regulatory circuit based on multisite phosphorylation of Ndd1, a transcriptional co-activator of budding yeast genes required for mitotic progression.11,12 As cells enter mitosis, Ndd1 phosphorylation by Cdk1 is known to promote mitotic cyclin (CLB2) gene transcription, resulting in positive feedback.13-16 Consistent with these findings, we show that low Cdk1 activity promotes CLB2 expression at mitotic entry. We also find, however, that when high Cdk1 activity accumulates in a mitotic arrest, CLB2 expression is inhibited. Inhibition is accompanied by Ndd1 degradation, and we present evidence that degradation is triggered by multisite Ndd1 phosphorylation by high mitotic Cdk1-Clb2 activity. Complete Ndd1 phosphorylation by Clb2-Cdk1-Cks1 requires the phosphothreonine-binding site of Cks1, as well as a recently identified phosphate-binding pocket on the cyclin Clb2.17 We therefore propose that initial phosphorylation by Cdk1 primes Ndd1 for delayed secondary phosphorylation at suboptimal sites that promote degradation. Together, our results suggest that rising levels of mitotic Cdk1 activity act at multiple phosphorylation sites on Ndd1, first triggering rapid positive feedback and then promoting delayed negative feedback, resulting in a pulse of mitotic gene expression.
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15
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Lv M, Xu Q, Zhang B, Yang Z, Xie J, Guo J, He F, Wang W. Imperatorin induces autophagy and G0/G1 phase arrest via PTEN-PI3K-AKT-mTOR/p21 signaling pathway in human osteosarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:689. [PMID: 34923996 PMCID: PMC8684670 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02397-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma is the third most common cancer in adolescence and the first common primary malignant tumor of bone. The long-term prognosis of osteosarcoma still remains unsatisfactory in the past decades. Therefore, development of novel therapeutic agents which are effective to osteosarcoma and are safe to normal tissue simultaneously is quite essential and urgent. METHODS Firstly, MTT assay, cell colony formation assay, cell migration and invasion assays were conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effects of imperatorin towards human osteosarcoma cells. RNA-sequence assay and bioinformatic analysis were then performed to filtrate and assume the potential imperatorin-induced cell death route and signaling pathway. Moreover, quantitative real-time PCR assay, western blot assay and rescue experiments were conducted to confirm the assumptions of bioinformatic analysis. Finally, a subcutaneous tumor-transplanted nude mouse model was established and applied to evaluate the internal effect of imperatorin on osteosarcoma by HE and immunohistochemistry staining. RESULTS Imperatorin triggered time-dependent and dose-dependent inhibition of tumor growth mainly by inducing autophagy promotion and G0/G1 phase arrest in vitro and in vivo. Besides, imperatorin treatment elevated the expression level of PTEN and p21, down-regulated the phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR. In contrast, the inhibition of PTEN using Bpv (HOpic), a potential and selective inhibitor of PTEN, concurrently rescued imperatorin-induced autophagy promotion, cell cycle arrest and inactivation of PTEN-PI3K-AKT-mTOR/p21 pathway. CONCLUSIONS This work firstly revealed that imperatorin induced autophagy and cell cycle arrest through PTEN-PI3K-AKT-mTOR/p21 signaling pathway by targeting and up-regulating PTEN in human osteosarcoma cells. Hence, imperatorin is a desirable candidate for clinical treatments of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minchao Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Quzhou People's Hospital, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.100, Minjiang Avenue, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingxin Xu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Second Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan Educational District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- First Clinical Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548, Bingwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169, Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Quzhou People's Hospital, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.100, Minjiang Avenue, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinku Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Quzhou People's Hospital, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.100, Minjiang Avenue, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feixiong He
- Department of Orthopedics, Quzhou People's Hospital, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.100, Minjiang Avenue, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Quzhou People's Hospital, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.100, Minjiang Avenue, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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16
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Cyclin/Forkhead-mediated coordination of cyclin waves: an autonomous oscillator rationalizing the quantitative model of Cdk control for budding yeast. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2021; 7:48. [PMID: 34903735 PMCID: PMC8668886 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-021-00201-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Networks of interacting molecules organize topology, amount, and timing of biological functions. Systems biology concepts required to pin down 'network motifs' or 'design principles' for time-dependent processes have been developed for the cell division cycle, through integration of predictive computer modeling with quantitative experimentation. A dynamic coordination of sequential waves of cyclin-dependent kinases (cyclin/Cdk) with the transcription factors network offers insights to investigate how incompatible processes are kept separate in time during the eukaryotic cell cycle. Here this coordination is discussed for the Forkhead transcription factors in light of missing gaps in the current knowledge of cell cycle control in budding yeast. An emergent design principle is proposed where cyclin waves are synchronized by a cyclin/Cdk-mediated feed-forward regulation through the Forkhead as a transcriptional timer. This design is rationalized by the bidirectional interaction between mitotic cyclins and the Forkhead transcriptional timer, resulting in an autonomous oscillator that may be instrumental for a well-timed progression throughout the cell cycle. The regulation centered around the cyclin/Cdk-Forkhead axis can be pivotal to timely coordinate cell cycle dynamics, thereby to actuate the quantitative model of Cdk control.
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17
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Kohrman AQ, Kim-Yip RP, Posfai E. Imaging developmental cell cycles. Biophys J 2021; 120:4149-4161. [PMID: 33964274 PMCID: PMC8516676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The last decade has seen a major expansion in development of live biosensors, the tools needed to genetically encode them into model organisms, and the microscopic techniques used to visualize them. When combined, these offer us powerful tools with which to make fundamental discoveries about complex biological processes. In this review, we summarize the availability of biosensors to visualize an essential cellular process, the cell cycle, and the techniques for single-cell tracking and quantification of these reporters. We also highlight studies investigating the connection of cellular behavior to the cell cycle, particularly through live imaging, and anticipate exciting discoveries with the combination of these technologies in developmental contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Q Kohrman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Rebecca P Kim-Yip
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Eszter Posfai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey.
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18
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Matos GS, Madeira JB, Fernandes CM, Dasilva D, Masuda CA, Del Poeta M, Montero-Lomelí M. Regulation of sphingolipid synthesis by the G1/S transcription factor Swi4. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158983. [PMID: 34062255 PMCID: PMC8512607 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SBF (Swi4/Swi6 Binding Factor) complex is a crucial regulator of G1/S transition in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here, we show that SBF complex is required for myriocin resistance, an inhibitor of sphingolipid synthesis. This phenotype was not shared with MBF complex mutants nor with deletion of the Swi4p downstream targets, CLN1/CLN2. Based on data mining results, we selected putative Swi4p targets related to sphingolipid metabolism and studied their gene transcription as well as metabolite levels during progression of the cell cycle. Genes which encode key enzymes for the synthesis of long chain bases (LCBs) and ceramides were periodically transcribed during the mitotic cell cycle, having a peak at G1/S, and required SWI4 for full transcription at this stage. In addition, HPLC-MS/MS data indicated that swi4Δ cells have decreased levels of sphingolipids during progression of the cell cycle, particularly, dihydrosphingosine (DHS), C24-phytoceramides and C24-inositolphosphoryl ceramide (IPC) while it had increased levels of mannosylinositol phosphorylceramide (MIPC). Furthermore, we demonstrated that both inhibition of de novo sphingolipid synthesis by myriocin or SWI4 deletion caused partial arrest at the G2/M phase. Importantly, our lipidomic data demonstrated that the sphingolipid profile of WT cells treated with myriocin resembled that of swi4Δ cells, with lower levels of DHS, IPC and higher levels of MIPC. Taken together, these results show that SBF complex plays an essential role in the regulation of sphingolipid homeostasis, which reflects in the correct progression through the G2/M phase of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel S Matos
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana B Madeira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Deveney Dasilva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Claudio A Masuda
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maurizio Del Poeta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Veteran Administration Medical Center, Northport, NY, USA; MicroRid Technologies Inc., Dix Hills, NY, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY, USA
| | - Monica Montero-Lomelí
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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19
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Prabhakar A, González B, Dionne H, Basu S, Cullen PJ. Spatiotemporal control of pathway sensors and cross-pathway feedback regulate a differentiation MAPK pathway in yeast. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs258341. [PMID: 34347092 PMCID: PMC8353523 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways control cell differentiation and the response to stress. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the MAPK pathway that controls filamentous growth (fMAPK) shares components with the pathway that regulates the response to osmotic stress (HOG). Here, we show that the two pathways exhibit different patterns of activity throughout the cell cycle. The different patterns resulted from different expression profiles of genes encoding mucin sensors that regulate the pathways. Cross-pathway regulation from the fMAPK pathway stimulated the HOG pathway, presumably to modulate fMAPK pathway activity. We also show that the shared tetraspan protein Sho1p, which has a dynamic localization pattern throughout the cell cycle, induced the fMAPK pathway at the mother-bud neck. A Sho1p-interacting protein, Hof1p, which also localizes to the mother-bud neck and regulates cytokinesis, also regulated the fMAPK pathway. Therefore, spatial and temporal regulation of pathway sensors, and cross-pathway regulation, control a MAPK pathway that regulates cell differentiation in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paul J. Cullen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260-1300, USA
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20
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Deng M, Li S, Mei J, Lin W, Zou J, Wei W, Guo R. High SGO2 Expression Predicts Poor Overall Survival: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12060876. [PMID: 34200261 PMCID: PMC8226836 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Shugoshin2 (SGO2) may participate in the occurrence and development of tumors by regulating abnormal cell cycle division, but its prognostic value in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. In this study, we accessed The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to get the clinical data and gene expression profile of HCC. The expression of SGO2 in HCC tissues and nontumor tissues and the relationship between SGO2 expression, survival, and clinicopathological parameters were analyzed. The SGO2 expression level was significantly higher in HCC tissues than in nontumor tissues (p < 0.001). An analysis from the Oncomine and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 (GEPIA2) databases also demonstrated that SGO2 was upregulated in HCC (all p < 0.001). A logistic regression analysis revealed that the high expression of SGO2 was significantly correlated with gender, tumor grade, pathological stage, T classification, and Eastern Cancer Oncology Group (ECOG) score (all p < 0.05). The overall survival (OS) of HCC patients with higher SGO2 expression was significantly poor (p < 0.001). A multivariate analysis showed that age and high expression of SGO2 were independent predictors of poor overall survival (all p < 0.05). Twelve signaling pathways were significantly enriched in samples with the high-SGO2 expression phenotype. Ten proteins and 34 genes were significantly correlated with SGO2. In conclusion, the expression of SGO2 is closely related to the survival of HCC. It may be used as a potential therapeutic target and prognostic marker of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Deng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China; (M.D.); (S.L.); (J.M.); (W.L.); (J.Z.); (W.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Shaohua Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China; (M.D.); (S.L.); (J.M.); (W.L.); (J.Z.); (W.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jie Mei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China; (M.D.); (S.L.); (J.M.); (W.L.); (J.Z.); (W.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wenping Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China; (M.D.); (S.L.); (J.M.); (W.L.); (J.Z.); (W.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jingwen Zou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China; (M.D.); (S.L.); (J.M.); (W.L.); (J.Z.); (W.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China; (M.D.); (S.L.); (J.M.); (W.L.); (J.Z.); (W.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Rongping Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China; (M.D.); (S.L.); (J.M.); (W.L.); (J.Z.); (W.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-188-1980-9988
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21
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Ding JL, Hou J, Li XH, Feng MG, Ying SH. Transcription Activator Swi6 Interacts with Mbp1 in MluI Cell Cycle Box-Binding Complex and Regulates Hyphal Differentiation and Virulence in Beauveria bassiana. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7060411. [PMID: 34070348 PMCID: PMC8273693 DOI: 10.3390/jof7060411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mbp1 protein acts as a DNA-binding protein in MluI cell cycle box-binding complex (MBF) and plays an essential role in filamentous myco-pathogen Beauveria bassiana.In the current study, BbSwi6 (a homologue of yeast Swi6) was functionally characterized in B.bassiana. Both BbSwi6 and BbMbp1 localize in the nucleus and display a direct interaction relationship which is indicated by a yeast two-hybrid assay. BbSwi6 significantly contributes to hyphal growth, asexual sporulation and virulence. On the aerial surface, ΔBbSwi6 grew slower on various nutrients and displayed abnormal conidia-producing structures, which hardly produced conidia. In liquid media, BbSwi6 loss led to 90% reduction in blastospore yield. Finally, the virulence of the ΔBbSwi6 mutant was modestly weakened with a reduction of 20% in median lethal time. Comparative transcriptomics revealed that BbSwi6 mediated different transcriptomes during fungal development into conidia and blastospores. Notably, under the indicated condition, the BbSwi6-mediated transcriptome significantly differed to that mediated by BbMbp1. Our results demonstrate that, in addition to their roles as the interactive components in MBF, BbSwi6 and BbMbp1 mediate divergent genetic pathways during morphological transitions in B. bassiana.
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22
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Polčic P, Machala Z. Effects of Non-Thermal Plasma on Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052247. [PMID: 33668158 PMCID: PMC7956799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold plasmas generated by various electrical discharges can affect cell physiology or induce cell damage that may often result in the loss of viability. Many cold plasma-based technologies have emerged in recent years that are aimed at manipulating the cells within various environments or tissues. These include inactivation of microorganisms for the purpose of sterilization, food processing, induction of seeds germination, but also the treatment of cells in the therapy. Mechanisms that underlie the plasma-cell interactions are, however, still poorly understood. Dissection of cellular pathways or structures affected by plasma using simple eukaryotic models is therefore desirable. Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a traditional model organism with unprecedented impact on our knowledge of processes in eukaryotic cells. As such, it had been also employed in studies of plasma-cell interactions. This review focuses on the effects of cold plasma on yeast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Polčic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina CH1, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-2-60296-398
| | - Zdenko Machala
- Division of Environmental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics, and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina F2, 84248 Bratislava, Slovakia;
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23
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Hu P, Liu L, Ke W, Tian X, Wang L. A cyclin protein governs the infectious and sexual life cycles of Cryptococcus neoformans. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 64:1336-1345. [PMID: 33165808 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1697-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell cycle is a fundamental process underlying growth and development in evolutionarily diverse organisms, including fungi. In human fungal pathogens, cell cycle control generally determines their life cycles, either in the environment or during infections. Thus, cell cycle components can potentially serve as important targets for the development of antifungal strategy against fungal infections. Here, in Cryptococcus neoformans, the most common cause of fatal fungal meningitis, we show that a previously uncharacterized B-type cyclin named Cbc1 is essential for both its infectious and sexual cycles. We reveal that Cbc1 coordinates various sexual differentiation and molecular processes, including meiosis. Especially, the absence of Cbc1 abolishes formation of sexual spores in C. neoformans, which are presumed infectious particles. Cbc1 is also required for the major Cryptococcus pathogenic attributes. Virulence assessment using the murine model of cryptococcosis revealed that the cbc1 mutant is avirulent. Together, our results provide an important insight into how C. neoformans employs shared cell cycle regulation to coordinate its infectious and sexual cycles, which are considered crucial for virulence evolution and the production of infectious spores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Linxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Weixin Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiuyun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Linqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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24
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Morshed S, Shibata T, Naito K, Miyasato K, Takeichi Y, Takuma T, Tasnin MN, Ushimaru T. TORC1 regulates G1/S transition and cell proliferation via the E2F homologs MBF and SBF in yeast. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:846-853. [PMID: 32553629 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The yeast E2F functional homologs MBF (Mbp1/Swi6) and SBF (Swi4/Swi6) complexes are critical transcription factors for G1/S transition. The target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) kinase promotes G1/S transition via upregulation of the G1 cyclin Cln3 that activates MBF and SBF in favorable nutrient conditions. Here, we show evidence that TORC1 directly regulates G1/S transition via MBF and SBF. Various proteins involved in G1/S transition, including Mbp1 and Swi4, but not Swi6, were largely lost after rapamycin treatment. TORC1 inactivation facilitated degradation of Mbp1 and Swi4. Mbp1 degradation was dependent on Skp1-Cullin1-F-box (SCF)-Grr1 and proteasomes. We identified a PEST-like degron in Mbp1. Mutant cells with an unstable Mbp1 protein were hypersensitive to rapamycin and more accumulated G1 cells in the absence and presence of rapamycin. This study revealed that TORC1 directly controls MBF/SBF-mediated G1/S transition in response to nutrient availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsul Morshed
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8021, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Shibata
- Course of Biological Science, Department of Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8021, Japan
| | - Kayoko Naito
- Department of Bioscience, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8021, Japan
| | - Kazumi Miyasato
- Department of Bioscience, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8021, Japan
| | - Yuri Takeichi
- Course of Biological Science, Department of Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8021, Japan
| | - Tsuneyuki Takuma
- Department of Bioscience, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8021, Japan
| | - Most Naoshia Tasnin
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8021, Japan
| | - Takashi Ushimaru
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8021, Japan; Course of Biological Science, Department of Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8021, Japan; Department of Bioscience, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8021, Japan.
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25
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Li P, Liu X, Hao Z, Jia Y, Zhao X, Xie D, Dong J, Zeng F. Dual Repressive Function by Cip1, a Budding Yeast Analog of p21, in Cell-Cycle START Regulation. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1623. [PMID: 32733430 PMCID: PMC7363780 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cip1, a newly identified yeast analog of p21, is a Cln3-CDK inhibitor that negatively regulates cell-cycle START. However, its function remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that deletion of CLN3 did not result in bypass of G1-phase arrest caused by Cip1 overexpression. Cip1 depletion in cln3-null mutants significantly advanced the timing of Cln2 expression, supporting the idea that Cip1 represses START in a Cln3-independent manner. We set to search for novel Cip1 interacting proteins and found that Ccr4, a known START regulator, and its associated factor Caf120, interact with Cip1. Ccr4-Caf120 acts redundantly with Cdk1-Cln3 to inhibit Whi5-mediated regulation of START. This interaction was conserved between human Ccr4 and p21. In addition, deletion of WHI5 robustly suppressed G1-phase arrest caused by Cip1 overexpression. We conclude that Cip1 negatively regulates START by acting as a dual repressor of Ccr4 in parallel with Cln3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.,State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China
| | - Xueqin Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhimin Hao
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.,State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China
| | - Yanrong Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Debao Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jingao Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.,State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China
| | - Fanli Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.,State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China
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26
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Prabhakar A, Chow J, Siegel AJ, Cullen PJ. Regulation of intrinsic polarity establishment by a differentiation-type MAPK pathway in S. cerevisiae. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs241513. [PMID: 32079658 PMCID: PMC7174846 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.241513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
All cells establish and maintain an axis of polarity that is critical for cell shape and progression through the cell cycle. A well-studied example of polarity establishment is bud emergence in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is controlled by the Rho GTPase Cdc42p. The prevailing view of bud emergence does not account for regulation by extrinsic cues. Here, we show that the filamentous growth mitogen activated protein kinase (fMAPK) pathway regulates bud emergence under nutrient-limiting conditions. The fMAPK pathway regulated the expression of polarity targets including the gene encoding a direct effector of Cdc42p, Gic2p. The fMAPK pathway also stimulated GTP-Cdc42p levels, which is a critical determinant of polarity establishment. The fMAPK pathway activity was spatially restricted to bud sites and active during the period of the cell cycle leading up to bud emergence. Time-lapse fluorescence microscopy showed that the fMAPK pathway stimulated the rate of bud emergence during filamentous growth. Unregulated activation of the fMAPK pathway induced multiple rounds of symmetry breaking inside the growing bud. Collectively, our findings identify a new regulatory aspect of bud emergence that sensitizes this essential cellular process to external cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Prabhakar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260-1300, USA
| | - Jacky Chow
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260-1300, USA
| | - Alan J Siegel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260-1300, USA
| | - Paul J Cullen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260-1300, USA
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27
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Panchy NL, Lloyd JP, Shiu SH. Improved recovery of cell-cycle gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae from regulatory interactions in multiple omics data. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:159. [PMID: 32054475 PMCID: PMC7020519 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6554-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene expression is regulated by DNA-binding transcription factors (TFs). Together with their target genes, these factors and their interactions collectively form a gene regulatory network (GRN), which is responsible for producing patterns of transcription, including cyclical processes such as genome replication and cell division. However, identifying how this network regulates the timing of these patterns, including important interactions and regulatory motifs, remains a challenging task. RESULTS We employed four in vivo and in vitro regulatory data sets to investigate the regulatory basis of expression timing and phase-specific patterns cell-cycle expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Specifically, we considered interactions based on direct binding between TF and target gene, indirect effects of TF deletion on gene expression, and computational inference. We found that the source of regulatory information significantly impacts the accuracy and completeness of recovering known cell-cycle expressed genes. The best approach involved combining TF-target and TF-TF interactions features from multiple datasets in a single model. In addition, TFs important to multiple phases of cell-cycle expression also have the greatest impact on individual phases. Important TFs regulating a cell-cycle phase also tend to form modules in the GRN, including two sub-modules composed entirely of unannotated cell-cycle regulators (STE12-TEC1 and RAP1-HAP1-MSN4). CONCLUSION Our findings illustrate the importance of integrating both multiple omics data and regulatory motifs in order to understand the significance regulatory interactions involved in timing gene expression. This integrated approached allowed us to recover both known cell-cycles interactions and the overall pattern of phase-specific expression across the cell-cycle better than any single data set. Likewise, by looking at regulatory motifs in the form of TF-TF interactions, we identified sets of TFs whose co-regulation of target genes was important for cell-cycle expression, even when regulation by individual TFs was not. Overall, this demonstrates the power of integrating multiple data sets and models of interaction in order to understand the regulatory basis of established biological processes and their associated gene regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas L Panchy
- Genetics Graduate Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.,Present address: National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, University of Tennessee, 1122 Volunteer Blvd., Suite 106, Knoxville, TN, 37996-3410, USA
| | - John P Lloyd
- Department of Human Genetics and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Shin-Han Shiu
- Genetics Graduate Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA. .,Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA. .,Michigan State University, Plant Biology Laboratories, 612 Wilson Road, Room 166, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1312, USA.
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28
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Silva E, Ideker T. Transcriptional responses to DNA damage. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 79:40-49. [PMID: 31102970 PMCID: PMC6570417 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In response to the threat of DNA damage, cells exhibit a dramatic and multi-factorial response spanning from transcriptional changes to protein modifications, collectively known as the DNA damage response (DDR). Here, we review the literature surrounding the transcriptional response to DNA damage. We review differences in observed transcriptional responses as a function of cell cycle stage and emphasize the importance of experimental design in these transcriptional response studies. We additionally consider topics including structural challenges in the transcriptional response to DNA damage as well as the connection between transcription and protein abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Silva
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
| | - Trey Ideker
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Program in Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
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29
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A transcriptome-wide analysis deciphers distinct roles of G1 cyclins in temporal organization of the yeast cell cycle. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3343. [PMID: 30833602 PMCID: PMC6399449 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39850-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oscillating gene expression is crucial for correct timing and progression through cell cycle. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, G1 cyclins Cln1-3 are essential drivers of the cell cycle and have an important role for temporal fine-tuning. We measured time-resolved transcriptome-wide gene expression for wild type and cyclin single and double knockouts over cell cycle with and without osmotic stress. Clustering of expression profiles, peak time detection of oscillating genes, integration with transcription factor network dynamics, and assignment to cell cycle phases allowed us to quantify the effect of genetic or stress perturbations on the duration of cell cycle phases. Cln1 and Cln2 showed functional differences, especially affecting later phases. Deletion of Cln3 led to a delay of START followed by normal progression through later phases. Our data and network analysis suggest mutual effects of cyclins with the transcriptional regulators SBF and MBF.
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30
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Sellam A, Chaillot J, Mallick J, Tebbji F, Richard Albert J, Cook MA, Tyers M. The p38/HOG stress-activated protein kinase network couples growth to division in Candida albicans. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008052. [PMID: 30921326 PMCID: PMC6456229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell size is a complex trait that responds to developmental and environmental cues. Quantitative size analysis of mutant strain collections disrupted for protein kinases and transcriptional regulators in the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans uncovered 66 genes that altered cell size, few of which overlapped with known size genes in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A potent size regulator specific to C. albicans was the conserved p38/HOG MAPK module that mediates the osmostress response. Basal HOG activity inhibited the SBF G1/S transcription factor complex in a stress-independent fashion to delay the G1/S transition. The HOG network also governed ribosome biogenesis through the master transcriptional regulator Sfp1. Hog1 bound to the promoters and cognate transcription factors for ribosome biogenesis regulons and interacted genetically with the SBF G1/S machinery, and thereby directly linked cell growth and division. These results illuminate the evolutionary plasticity of size control and identify the HOG module as a nexus of cell cycle and growth regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnane Sellam
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRI), CHU de Québec Research Center (CHUQ), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Julien Chaillot
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRI), CHU de Québec Research Center (CHUQ), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jaideep Mallick
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Faiza Tebbji
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRI), CHU de Québec Research Center (CHUQ), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Julien Richard Albert
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael A. Cook
- Centre for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mike Tyers
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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31
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Quilis I, Taberner FJ, Martínez-Garay CA, Alepuz P, Igual JC. Karyopherin Msn5 is involved in a novel mechanism controlling the cellular level of cell cycle regulators Cln2 and Swi5. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:580-595. [PMID: 30739521 PMCID: PMC6464581 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1578148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The yeast β-karyopherin Msn5 controls the SBF cell-cycle transcription factor, responsible for the periodic expression of CLN2 cyclin gene at G1/S, and the nuclear export of Cln2 protein. Here we show that Msn5 regulates Cln2 by an additional mechanism. Inactivation of Msn5 causes a severe reduction in the cellular content of Cln2. This occurs by a post-transcriptional mechanism, since CLN2 mRNA level is not importantly affected in asynchronous cultures. Cln2 stability is not significantly altered in msn5 cells and inactivation of Msn5 causes a reduction in protein level even when Cln2 is stabilized. Therefore, the reduced amount of Cln2 in msn5 cells is mainly due not to a higher rate of protein degradation but to a defect in Cln2 synthesis. In fact, analysis of polysome profiles indicated that Msn5 inactivation causes a shift of CLN2 and SWI5 mRNAs from heavy-polysomal to light-polysomal and non-polysomal fractions, supporting a defect in Cln2 and Swi5 protein synthesis in the msn5 mutant. The analysis of truncated versions of Cln2 and of chimeric cyclins combining distinct domains from Cln2 and the related Cln1 cyclin identified an internal region in Cln2 from 181 to 225 residues that when fused to GFP is able to confer Msn5-dependent regulation of protein cellular content. Finally, we showed that a high level of Cln2 is toxic in the absence of Msn5. In summary, we described that Msn5 is required for the proper protein synthesis of specific proteins, introducing a new level of control of cell cycle regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inma Quilis
- a Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular , Universitat de València , Valencia , Spain.,b Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED) , Universitat de València , Valencia , Spain
| | - Francisco J Taberner
- a Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular , Universitat de València , Valencia , Spain.,b Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED) , Universitat de València , Valencia , Spain
| | - Carlos A Martínez-Garay
- a Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular , Universitat de València , Valencia , Spain.,b Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED) , Universitat de València , Valencia , Spain
| | - Paula Alepuz
- a Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular , Universitat de València , Valencia , Spain.,b Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED) , Universitat de València , Valencia , Spain
| | - J Carlos Igual
- a Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular , Universitat de València , Valencia , Spain.,b Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED) , Universitat de València , Valencia , Spain
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32
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Down-regulation of Cdk1 activity in G1 coordinates the G1/S gene expression programme with genome replication. Curr Genet 2019; 65:685-690. [DOI: 10.1007/s00294-018-00926-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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33
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Quilis I, Igual JC. Periodic expression of cell-cycle regulators: A laboratory experiment proposal for students in molecular and cell biology. BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION : A BIMONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 46:527-535. [PMID: 30226652 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.21164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This article describes a laboratory exercise designed for undergraduate students in the subject of "Regulation of cell proliferation" which allows the students to carry out a research experiment in an important field such as cell cycle control, and to be introduced to a widely used technique in molecular biology laboratories such as the western blot. The cell cycle is regulated by the succession of cyclin-CDK kinase activities. Activation and inactivation of different cyclin-CDK complexes depend on the control of their positive and negative regulators, cyclins and CDK inhibitors (CKIs), respectively. In this experiment, fluctuations in the level of mitotic cyclin Clb2 and CDK inhibitor Sic1 throughout the cell cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are analyzed, particularly in the context of the control of mitotic exit and Start, two of the most important cell cycle transitions. In order to do this, a cdc15 mutant strain is used to block cells in telophase and, upon release from this blocking, the variation in the levels of Clb2 and Sic1 proteins are analyzed by western blot. Progress along the cell cycle is also evaluated by microscopic analysis of cell morphology and nuclear staining. This practical illustrates the experimental basis of theoretical concepts worked in the classroom and it is a good framework for an in-depth discussion of these concepts based on experimental data analysis. © 2018 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46(5):527-535, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inma Quilis
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular and Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, València, ES
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34
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Deregulation of the G1/S-phase transition is the proximal cause of mortality in old yeast mother cells. Genes Dev 2018; 32:1075-1084. [PMID: 30042134 PMCID: PMC6075151 DOI: 10.1101/gad.312140.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Neurohr et al. investigated why old yeast cells stop dividing and die. They show that age-induced accumulation of the G1/S-phase inhibitor Whi5 and defects in G1/S cyclin transcription cause cell cycle delays and genomic instability that result in cell death, thus identifying deregulation of the G1/S-phase transition as the proximal cause of age-induced proliferation decline and cell death in budding yeast. Budding yeast cells produce a finite number of daughter cells before they die. Why old yeast cells stop dividing and die is unclear. We found that age-induced accumulation of the G1/S-phase inhibitor Whi5 and defects in G1/S cyclin transcription cause cell cycle delays and genomic instability that result in cell death. We further identified extrachromosomal rDNA (ribosomal DNA) circles (ERCs) to cause the G1/S cyclin expression defect in old cells. Spontaneous segregation of Whi5 and ERCs into daughter cells rejuvenates old mothers, but daughters that inherit these aging factors die rapidly. Our results identify deregulation of the G1/S-phase transition as the proximal cause of age-induced proliferation decline and cell death in budding yeast.
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35
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Noguchi A, Adachi S, Yokota N, Hatta T, Natsume T, Kawahara H. ZFP36L2 is a cell cycle-regulated CCCH protein necessary for DNA lesion-induced S-phase arrest. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio.031575. [PMID: 29449217 PMCID: PMC5898266 DOI: 10.1242/bio.031575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
ZFP36L2 promotes the destruction of AU-rich element-containing transcripts, while its regulation and functional significance in cell cycle control are scarcely identified. We show that ZFP36L2 is a cell cycle-regulated CCCH protein, the abundance of which is regulated post-translationally at the respective stages of the cell cycle. Indeed, ZFP36L2 protein was eliminated after release from M phase, and ZYG11B-based E3 ligase plays a role in its polyubiquitination in interphase. Although ZFP36L2 is dispensable for normal cell cycle progression, we found that endogenous ZFP36L2 played a key role in cisplatin-induced S-phase arrest, a process in which the suppression of G1/S cyclins is necessary. The accumulation of ZFP36L2 was stimulated under DNA replication stresses and altered interactions with a subset of RNA-binding proteins. Notably, silencing endogenous ZFP36L2 led to impaired cell viability in the presence of cisplatin-induced DNA lesions. Thus, we propose that ZFP36L2 is a key protein that controls S-phase progression in the case of genome instability. Summary: ZFP36L2 is a cell cycle-regulated RNA-binding protein, the abundance of which is regulated post-translationally. This protein is especially accumulated in and critical for the survival of DNA-damaged cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Noguchi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Shungo Adachi
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Naoto Yokota
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hatta
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Tohru Natsume
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawahara
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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36
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Hendler A, Medina EM, Buchler NE, de Bruin RAM, Aharoni A. The evolution of a G1/S transcriptional network in yeasts. Curr Genet 2018; 64:81-86. [PMID: 28744706 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-017-0726-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The G1-to-S cell cycle transition is promoted by the periodic expression of a large set of genes. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae G1/S gene expression is regulated by two transcription factor (TF) complexes, the MBF and SBF, which bind to specific DNA sequences, the MCB and SCB, respectively. Despite extensive research little is known regarding the evolution of the G1/S transcription regulation including the co-evolution of the DNA binding domains with their respective DNA binding sequences. We have recently examined the co-evolution of the G1/S TF specificity through the systematic generation and examination of chimeric Mbp1/Swi4 TFs containing different orthologue DNA binding domains in S. cerevisiae (Hendler et al. in PLoS Genet 13:e1006778. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006778 , 2017). Here, we review the co-evolution of G1/S transcriptional network and discuss the evolutionary dynamics and specificity of the MBF-MCB and SBF-SCB interactions in different fungal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Hendler
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Edgar M Medina
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nicolas E Buchler
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Robertus A M de Bruin
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Amir Aharoni
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beersheba, Israel.
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Sarmiento‐Villamil JL, García‐Pedrajas NE, Baeza‐Montañez L, García‐Pedrajas MD. The APSES transcription factor Vst1 is a key regulator of development in microsclerotium- and resting mycelium-producing Verticillium species. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:59-76. [PMID: 27696683 PMCID: PMC6638171 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogens of the genus Verticillium pose a threat to many important crops worldwide. They are soil-borne fungi which invade the plant systemically, causing wilt symptoms. We functionally characterized the APSES family transcription factor Vst1 in two Verticillium species, V. dahliae and V. nonalfalfae, which produce microsclerotia and melanized hyphae as resistant structures, respectively. We found that, in V. dahliae Δvst1 strains, microsclerotium biogenesis stalled after an initial swelling of hyphal cells and cultures were never pigmented. In V. nonalfalfae Δvst1, melanized hyphae were also absent. These results suggest that Vst1 controls melanin biosynthesis independent of its role in morphogenesis. The absence of vst1 also had a great impact on sporulation in both species, affecting the generation of the characteristic verticillate conidiophore structure and sporulation rates in liquid medium. In contrast with these key roles in development, Vst1 activity was dispensable for virulence. We performed a microarray analysis comparing global transcription patterns of wild-type and Δvst1 in V. dahliae. G-protein/cyclic adenosine monophosphate (G-protein/cAMP) signalling and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are known to regulate fungal morphogenesis and virulence. The microarray analysis revealed a negative interaction of Vst1 with G-protein/cAMP signalling and a positive interaction with MAPK signalling. This analysis also identified Rho signalling as a potential regulator of morphogenesis in V. dahliae, positively interacting with Vst1. Furthermore, it exposed the association of secondary metabolism and development in this species, identifying Vst1 as a potential co-regulator of both processes. Characterization of the putative Vst1 targets identified in this study will aid in the dissection of specific aspects of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L. Sarmiento‐Villamil
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea ‘La Mayora’ ‐ Universidad de Málaga ‐ Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM‐UMA‐CSIC), Estación Experimental ‘La Mayora’, 29750 Algarrobo‐CostaMálagaSpain
| | - Nicolás E. García‐Pedrajas
- Department of Computing and Numerical Analysis, C2 Building 3rd FloorCampus Universitario de RabanalesCórdoba14071Spain
| | - Lourdes Baeza‐Montañez
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea ‘La Mayora’ ‐ Universidad de Málaga ‐ Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM‐UMA‐CSIC), Estación Experimental ‘La Mayora’, 29750 Algarrobo‐CostaMálagaSpain
| | - María D. García‐Pedrajas
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea ‘La Mayora’ ‐ Universidad de Málaga ‐ Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM‐UMA‐CSIC), Estación Experimental ‘La Mayora’, 29750 Algarrobo‐CostaMálagaSpain
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38
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Gomar-Alba M, Méndez E, Quilis I, Bañó MC, Igual JC. Whi7 is an unstable cell-cycle repressor of the Start transcriptional program. Nat Commun 2017; 8:329. [PMID: 28839131 PMCID: PMC5571219 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00374-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Start is the main decision point in eukaryotic cell cycle in which cells commit to a new round of cell division. It involves the irreversible activation of a transcriptional program by G1 CDK-cyclin complexes through the inactivation of Start transcriptional repressors, Whi5 in yeast or Rb in mammals. Here we provide novel keys of how Whi7, a protein related at sequence level to Whi5, represses Start. Whi7 is an unstable protein, degraded by the SCFGrr1 ubiquitin-ligase, whose stability is cell cycle regulated by CDK1 phosphorylation. Importantly, Whi7 associates to G1/S gene promoters in late G1 acting as a repressor of SBF-dependent transcription. Our results demonstrate that Whi7 is a genuine paralog of Whi5. In fact, both proteins collaborate in Start repression bringing to light that yeast cells, as occurs in mammalian cells, rely on the combined action of multiple transcriptional repressors to block Start transition. The commitment of cells to a new cycle of division involves inactivation of the Start transcriptional repressor Whi5. Here the authors show that the sequence related protein Whi7 associates to G1/S gene promoters in late G1 and collaborates with Whi5 in Start repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercè Gomar-Alba
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular and Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ester Méndez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular and Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Inma Quilis
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular and Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Carmen Bañó
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular and Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Carlos Igual
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular and Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain.
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39
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Das S, Sarkar D, Das B. The interplay between transcription and mRNA degradation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MICROBIAL CELL 2017; 4:212-228. [PMID: 28706937 PMCID: PMC5507684 DOI: 10.15698/mic2017.07.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The cellular transcriptome is shaped by both the rates of mRNA synthesis in the nucleus and mRNA degradation in the cytoplasm under a specified condition. The last decade witnessed an exciting development in the field of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression which underscored a strong functional coupling between the transcription and mRNA degradation. The functional integration is principally mediated by a group of specialized promoters and transcription factors that govern the stability of their cognate transcripts by “marking” them with a specific factor termed “coordinator.” The “mark” carried by the message is later decoded in the cytoplasm which involves the stimulation of one or more mRNA-decay factors, either directly by the “coordinator” itself or in an indirect manner. Activation of the decay factor(s), in turn, leads to the alteration of the stability of the marked message in a selective fashion. Thus, the integration between mRNA synthesis and decay plays a potentially significant role to shape appropriate gene expression profiles during cell cycle progression, cell division, cellular differentiation and proliferation, stress, immune and inflammatory responses, and may enhance the rate of biological evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadeep Das
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Debasish Sarkar
- Present Address: Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201-2002, USA
| | - Biswadip Das
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
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40
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Abstract
Cdk1 (Cdc28 in yeast) is a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) essential for cell cycle progression and cell division in normal cells. However, CDK activity also underpins proliferation of tumor cells, making it a relevant study subject. While numerous targets and processes regulated by Cdc28 have been identified, the exact functions of Cdc28 are only partially understood. To further explore the functions of Cdc28, we systematically overexpressed ∼4800 genes in wild-type (WT) cells and in cells with artificially reduced Cdc28 activity. This screen identified 366 genes that, when overexpressed, specifically compromised cell viability under conditions of reduced Cdc28 activity. Consistent with the crucial functions of Cdc28 in cell cycle regulation and chromosome metabolism, most of these genes have functions in the cell cycle, DNA replication, and transcription. However, a substantial number of genes control processes not directly associated with the cell cycle, indicating that Cdc28 may also regulate these processes. Finally, because the dataset was enriched for direct Cdc28 targets, the results from this screen will aid in identifying novel targets and process regulated by Cdc28.
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41
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Banyai G, Szilagyi Z, Baraznenok V, Khorosjutina O, Gustafsson CM. Cyclin C influences the timing of mitosis in fission yeast. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1738-1744. [PMID: 28515143 PMCID: PMC5491182 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-11-0787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of genes are periodically transcribed during cell cycle progression. How the periodic transcription patterns of these genes are achieved is not completely understood. Cyclin C, a component of Mediator, plays an essential role in periodic transcription and the timing of cell cycle progression. The multiprotein Mediator complex is required for the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II–dependent genes. Mediator contains the Cdk8 regulatory subcomplex, which directs periodic transcription and influences cell cycle progression in fission yeast. Here we investigate the role of CycC, the cognate cyclin partner of Cdk8, in cell cycle control. Previous reports suggested that CycC interacts with other cellular Cdks, but a fusion of CycC to Cdk8 reported here did not cause any obvious cell cycle phenotypes. We find that Cdk8 and CycC interactions are stabilized within the Mediator complex and the activity of Cdk8-CycC is regulated by other Mediator components. Analysis of a mutant yeast strain reveals that CycC, together with Cdk8, primarily affects M-phase progression but mutations that release Cdk8 from CycC control also affect timing of entry into S phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Banyai
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zsolt Szilagyi
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Olga Khorosjutina
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claes M Gustafsson
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
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42
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Conformation Selective Antibody Enables Genome Profiling and Leads to Discovery of Parallel G-Quadruplex in Human Telomeres. Cell Chem Biol 2016; 23:1261-1270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Hillenbrand P, Maier KC, Cramer P, Gerland U. Inference of gene regulation functions from dynamic transcriptome data. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27652904 PMCID: PMC5072840 DOI: 10.7554/elife.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To quantify gene regulation, a function is required that relates transcription factor binding to DNA (input) to the rate of mRNA synthesis from a target gene (output). Such a ‘gene regulation function’ (GRF) generally cannot be measured because the experimental titration of inputs and simultaneous readout of outputs is difficult. Here we show that GRFs may instead be inferred from natural changes in cellular gene expression, as exemplified for the cell cycle in the yeast S. cerevisiae. We develop this inference approach based on a time series of mRNA synthesis rates from a synchronized population of cells observed over three cell cycles. We first estimate the functional form of how input transcription factors determine mRNA output and then derive GRFs for target genes in the CLB2 gene cluster that are expressed during G2/M phase. Systematic analysis of additional GRFs suggests a network architecture that rationalizes transcriptional cell cycle oscillations. We find that a transcription factor network alone can produce oscillations in mRNA expression, but that additional input from cyclin oscillations is required to arrive at the native behaviour of the cell cycle oscillator. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.12188.001 Living cells rely on networks of genes to control their behavior, including how they grow, develop and respond to stress. Genes encode instructions needed to make proteins and other molecules, and much of the control is exerted at the first stage of protein production, known as transcription. During this process, a gene is copied to make molecules known as transcripts that may later be used as templates to make proteins. Many genes encode proteins that act to regulate transcription. Therefore, an individual gene may receive inputs from other genes, and these inputs affect how much transcript the gene produces, which can be considered as the gene’s output. While these inputs and outputs can often be wired together to form a network, it is less clear exactly how all the different inputs at a gene interact to determine its output. These interactions are known as “gene regulation functions”, and knowing them would be an important step towards understanding gene networks, which would help us to predict how cells will behave in different situations. Gene regulation functions are difficult to measure directly, so researchers would like to find other ways to assess them indirectly. A recently developed experimental technique called “dynamic transcriptome analysis” seemed promising as it measures both the inputs and outputs of all genes in a cell over time. Hillenbrand et al. used this technique to infer gene regulation functions with one or two inputs in yeast cells. Comparing these estimates with experimental data from previous studies showed that these inferred gene regulation functions could successfully predict the output of a gene based on its inputs. Hillenbrand et al. then used these estimates to search and model a well-known genetic network that is thought to be part of the molecular clockwork that controls the timing of events that cause a cell to divide. Currently, the approach used by Hillenbrand et al. treats gene regulation functions like “black boxes”. This means that, while an output can be predicted if the inputs are known, it cannot reveal all of the detailed mechanisms behind it. Gaining insights into the inner workings of these black boxes will require taking more data into account, such as how abundant the proteins that regulate transcription are, where they are located within cells or whether they are active or not. Therefore, the next challenge is to incorporate these kinds of data to gain a fuller picture of how gene networks operate within cells. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.12188.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Hillenbrand
- Lehrstuhl für Theorie komplexer Biosysteme, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Kerstin C Maier
- Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Cramer
- Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gerland
- Lehrstuhl für Theorie komplexer Biosysteme, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
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44
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Smith SR, Glé C, Abbriano RM, Traller JC, Davis A, Trentacoste E, Vernet M, Allen AE, Hildebrand M. Transcript level coordination of carbon pathways during silicon starvation-induced lipid accumulation in the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 210:890-904. [PMID: 26844818 PMCID: PMC5067629 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are one of the most productive and successful photosynthetic taxa on Earth and possess attributes such as rapid growth rates and production of lipids, making them candidate sources of renewable fuels. Despite their significance, few details of the mechanisms used to regulate growth and carbon metabolism are currently known, hindering metabolic engineering approaches to enhance productivity. To characterize the transcript level component of metabolic regulation, genome-wide changes in transcript abundance were documented in the model diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana on a time-course of silicon starvation. Growth, cell cycle progression, chloroplast replication, fatty acid composition, pigmentation, and photosynthetic parameters were characterized alongside lipid accumulation. Extensive coordination of large suites of genes was observed, highlighting the existence of clusters of coregulated genes as a key feature of global gene regulation in T. pseudonana. The identity of key enzymes for carbon metabolic pathway inputs (photosynthesis) and outputs (growth and storage) reveals these clusters are organized to synchronize these processes. Coordinated transcript level responses to silicon starvation are probably driven by signals linked to cell cycle progression and shifts in photophysiology. A mechanistic understanding of how this is accomplished will aid efforts to engineer metabolism for development of algal-derived biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R. Smith
- Scripps Institution of OceanographyUC San Diego9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA92093USA
- J. Craig Venter Institute4120 Capricorn LaneLa JollaCA92037USA
| | - Corine Glé
- Scripps Institution of OceanographyUC San Diego9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA92093USA
| | - Raffaela M. Abbriano
- Scripps Institution of OceanographyUC San Diego9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA92093USA
| | - Jesse C. Traller
- Scripps Institution of OceanographyUC San Diego9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA92093USA
| | - Aubrey Davis
- Scripps Institution of OceanographyUC San Diego9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA92093USA
| | - Emily Trentacoste
- Scripps Institution of OceanographyUC San Diego9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA92093USA
| | - Maria Vernet
- Scripps Institution of OceanographyUC San Diego9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA92093USA
| | - Andrew E. Allen
- Scripps Institution of OceanographyUC San Diego9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA92093USA
- J. Craig Venter Institute4120 Capricorn LaneLa JollaCA92037USA
| | - Mark Hildebrand
- Scripps Institution of OceanographyUC San Diego9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA92093USA
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45
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Palumbo P, Vanoni M, Cusimano V, Busti S, Marano F, Manes C, Alberghina L. Whi5 phosphorylation embedded in the G1/S network dynamically controls critical cell size and cell fate. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11372. [PMID: 27094800 PMCID: PMC4843020 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In budding yeast, overcoming of a critical size to enter S phase and the mitosis/mating switch--two central cell fate events--take place in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Here we present a mathematical model of the basic molecular mechanism controlling the G1/S transition, whose major regulatory feature is multisite phosphorylation of nuclear Whi5. Cln3-Cdk1, whose nuclear amount is proportional to cell size, and then Cln1,2-Cdk1, randomly phosphorylate both decoy and functional Whi5 sites. Full phosphorylation of functional sites releases Whi5 inhibitory activity, activating G1/S transcription. Simulation analysis shows that this mechanism ensures coherent release of Whi5 inhibitory action and accounts for many experimentally observed properties of mitotically growing or conjugating G1 cells. Cell cycle progression and transcriptional analyses of a Whi5 phosphomimetic mutant verify the model prediction that coherent transcription of the G1/S regulon and ensuing G1/S transition requires full phosphorylation of Whi5 functional sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Palumbo
- SYSBIO.IT Center for Systems Biology, Italy.,CNR-IASI, Italian National Research Council - Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science, Via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Vanoni
- SYSBIO.IT Center for Systems Biology, Italy.,Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio Cusimano
- SYSBIO.IT Center for Systems Biology, Italy.,CNR-IASI, Italian National Research Council - Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science, Via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Busti
- SYSBIO.IT Center for Systems Biology, Italy.,Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Marano
- SYSBIO.IT Center for Systems Biology, Italy.,Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Costanzo Manes
- CNR-IASI, Italian National Research Council - Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science, Via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy.,Department of Information Engineering, Computer Science and Mathematics, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 Coppito (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - Lilia Alberghina
- SYSBIO.IT Center for Systems Biology, Italy.,Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
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46
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Banyai G, Baïdi F, Coudreuse D, Szilagyi Z. Cdk1 activity acts as a quantitative platform for coordinating cell cycle progression with periodic transcription. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11161. [PMID: 27045731 PMCID: PMC4822045 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell proliferation is regulated by cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) and requires the periodic expression of particular gene clusters in different cell cycle phases. However, the interplay between the networks that generate these transcriptional oscillations and the core cell cycle machinery remains largely unexplored. In this work, we use a synthetic regulable Cdk1 module to demonstrate that periodic expression is governed by quantitative changes in Cdk1 activity, with different clusters directly responding to specific activity levels. We further establish that cell cycle events neither participate in nor interfere with the Cdk1-driven transcriptional program, provided that cells are exposed to the appropriate Cdk1 activities. These findings contrast with current models that propose self-sustained and Cdk1-independent transcriptional oscillations. Our work therefore supports a model in which Cdk1 activity serves as a quantitative platform for coordinating cell cycle transitions with the expression of critical genes to bring about proper cell cycle progression. Cell proliferation is regulated by cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) and relies on periodic gene cluster expression according to cell cycle phases. Here the authors use a synthetic regulatable Cdk1 module to demonstrate that periodic expression is governed by quantitative changes in Cdk1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Banyai
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9A, PO Box 440, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Feriel Baïdi
- SyntheCell team, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, CNRS UMR 6290, 2 Avenue du Pr. Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Damien Coudreuse
- SyntheCell team, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, CNRS UMR 6290, 2 Avenue du Pr. Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Zsolt Szilagyi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9A, PO Box 440, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
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47
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Tu X, Wang Y, Zhang M, Wu J. Using Formal Concept Analysis to Identify Negative Correlations in Gene Expression Data. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2016; 13:380-391. [PMID: 27045834 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2015.2443805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently, many biological studies reported that two groups of genes tend to show negatively correlated or opposite expression tendency in many biological processes or pathways. The negative correlation between genes may imply an important biological mechanism. In this study, we proposed a FCA-based negative correlation algorithm (NCFCA) that can effectively identify opposite expression tendency between two gene groups in gene expression data. After applying it to expression data of cell cycle-regulated genes in yeast, we found that six minichromosome maintenance family genes showed the opposite changing tendency with eight core histone family genes. Furthermore, we confirmed that the negative correlation expression pattern between these two families may be conserved in the cell cycle. Finally, we discussed the reasons underlying the negative correlation of six minichromosome maintenance (MCM) family genes with eight core histone family genes. Our results revealed that negative correlation is an important and potential mechanism that maintains the balance of biological systems by repressing some genes while inducing others. It can thus provide new understanding of gene expression and regulation, the causes of diseases, etc.
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48
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Ortiz-Gutiérrez E, García-Cruz K, Azpeitia E, Castillo A, Sánchez MDLP, Álvarez-Buylla ER. A Dynamic Gene Regulatory Network Model That Recovers the Cyclic Behavior of Arabidopsis thaliana Cell Cycle. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004486. [PMID: 26340681 PMCID: PMC4560428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle control is fundamental in eukaryotic development. Several modeling efforts have been used to integrate the complex network of interacting molecular components involved in cell cycle dynamics. In this paper, we aimed at recovering the regulatory logic upstream of previously known components of cell cycle control, with the aim of understanding the mechanisms underlying the emergence of the cyclic behavior of such components. We focus on Arabidopsis thaliana, but given that many components of cell cycle regulation are conserved among eukaryotes, when experimental data for this system was not available, we considered experimental results from yeast and animal systems. We are proposing a Boolean gene regulatory network (GRN) that converges into only one robust limit cycle attractor that closely resembles the cyclic behavior of the key cell-cycle molecular components and other regulators considered here. We validate the model by comparing our in silico configurations with data from loss- and gain-of-function mutants, where the endocyclic behavior also was recovered. Additionally, we approximate a continuous model and recovered the temporal periodic expression profiles of the cell-cycle molecular components involved, thus suggesting that the single limit cycle attractor recovered with the Boolean model is not an artifact of its discrete and synchronous nature, but rather an emergent consequence of the inherent characteristics of the regulatory logic proposed here. This dynamical model, hence provides a novel theoretical framework to address cell cycle regulation in plants, and it can also be used to propose novel predictions regarding cell cycle regulation in other eukaryotes. In multicellular organisms, cells undergo a cyclic behavior of DNA duplication and delivery of a copy to daughter cells during cell division. In each of the main cell-cycle (CC) stages different sets of proteins are active and genes are expressed. Understanding how such cycling cellular behavior emerges and is robustly maintained in the face of changing developmental and environmental conditions, remains a fundamental challenge of biology. The molecular components that cycle through DNA duplication and citokinesis are interconnected in a complex regulatory network. Several models of such network have been proposed, although the regulatory network that robustly recovers a limit-cycle steady state that resembles the behavior of CC molecular components has been recovered only in a few cases, and no comprehensive model exists for plants. In this paper we used the plant Arabidopsis thaliana, as a study system to propose a core regulatory network to recover a cyclic attractor that mimics the oscillatory behavior of the key CC components. Our analyses show that the proposed GRN model is robust to transient alterations, and is validated with the loss- and gain-of-function mutants of the CC components. The interactions proposed for Arabidopsis thaliana CC can inspire predictions for further uncovering regulatory motifs in the CC of other organisms including human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ortiz-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Exterior, Junto a Jardín Botánico Exterior, México, D.F. CP 04510, México; Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad-C3, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Apartado Postal 70-275, México, D.F. 04510, México
| | - Karla García-Cruz
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Exterior, Junto a Jardín Botánico Exterior, México, D.F. CP 04510, México
| | - Eugenio Azpeitia
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Exterior, Junto a Jardín Botánico Exterior, México, D.F. CP 04510, México; Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad-C3, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Apartado Postal 70-275, México, D.F. 04510, México
| | - Aaron Castillo
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Exterior, Junto a Jardín Botánico Exterior, México, D.F. CP 04510, México; Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad-C3, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Apartado Postal 70-275, México, D.F. 04510, México
| | - María de la Paz Sánchez
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Exterior, Junto a Jardín Botánico Exterior, México, D.F. CP 04510, México
| | - Elena R Álvarez-Buylla
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Exterior, Junto a Jardín Botánico Exterior, México, D.F. CP 04510, México; Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad-C3, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Apartado Postal 70-275, México, D.F. 04510, México
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49
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Sajman J, Zenvirth D, Nitzan M, Margalit H, Simpson-Lavy KJ, Reiss Y, Cohen I, Ravid T, Brandeis M. Degradation of Ndd1 by APC/C(Cdh1) generates a feed forward loop that times mitotic protein accumulation. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7075. [PMID: 25959309 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ndd1 activates the Mcm1-Fkh2 transcription factor to transcribe mitotic regulators. The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome activated by Cdh1 (APC/C(Cdh1)) mediates the degradation of proteins throughout G1. Here we show that the APC/C(Cdh1) ubiquitinates Ndd1 and mediates its degradation, and that APC/C(Cdh1) activity suppresses accumulation of Ndd1 targets. We confirm putative Ndd1 targets and identify novel ones, many of them APC/C(Cdh1) substrates. The APC/C(Cdh1) thus regulates these proteins in a dual manner—both pretranscriptionally and post-translationally, forming a multi-layered feedforward loop (FFL). We predict by mathematical modelling and verify experimentally that this FFL introduces a lag between APC/C(Cdh1) inactivation at the end of G1 and accumulation of genes transcribed by Ndd1 in G2. This regulation generates two classes of APC/C(Cdh1) substrates, early ones that accumulate in S and late ones that accumulate in G2. Our results show how the dual state APC/C(Cdh1) activity is converted into multiple outputs by interactions between its substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sajman
- The Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Drora Zenvirth
- The Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Mor Nitzan
- 1] The Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel [2] The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Hanah Margalit
- The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Kobi J Simpson-Lavy
- The Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Yuval Reiss
- 1] The Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel [2] The Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem,, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Itamar Cohen
- The Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem,, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Tommer Ravid
- The Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem,, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Michael Brandeis
- The Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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50
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van der Heide LP, Wijchers PJEC, von Oerthel L, Burbach JPH, Hoekman MFM, Smidt MP. FoxK2 is required for cellular proliferation and survival. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:1013-23. [PMID: 25216324 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
FoxK2 is a forkhead transcription factor expressed ubiquitously in the developing murine central nervous system. Here we investigated the role of FoxK2 in vitro and focused on proliferation and cellular survival. Knockdown of FoxK2 results in a decrease in BrdU incorporation and H3 phosphorylation, suggesting attenuation of proliferation. In the absence of growth factors, FoxK2 knockdown results in a dramatic increase in caspase 3 activity and propidium iodide positive cells, indicative of cell death. Additionally, knockdown of FoxK2 results in an increase in the mRNA of Gadd45α, Gadd45γ, as well as an increase in the phosphorylation of the mTOR dependent kinase p70S6K. Rapamycin treatment completely blocked the increase in p70S6K and synergistically potentiated the decrease in H3 phosphorylation upon FoxK2 knockdown. To gain more insight into the proapoptotic effects upon FoxK2 knockdown we screened for changes in Bcl2 genes. Upon FoxK2 knockdown both Puma and Noxa were significantly upregulated. Both genes were not inhibited by rapamycin treatment, instead rapamycin increased Noxa mRNA. FoxK2 requirement in cellular survival is further emphasized by the fact that resistance to TGFβ-induced cell death was greatly diminished after FoxK2 knockdown. Overall our data suggest FoxK2 is required for proliferation and survival, that mTOR is part of a feedback loop partly compensating for FoxK2 loss, possibly by upregulating Gadd45s, whereas cell death upon FoxK2 loss is induced in a Bcl2 dependent manner via Puma and Noxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars P van der Heide
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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