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Méndez López LF, González Llerena JL, Vázquez Rodríguez JA, Medellín Guerrero AB, González Martínez BE, Solís Pérez E, López-Cabanillas Lomelí M. Dietary Modulation of the Immune System. Nutrients 2024; 16:4363. [PMID: 39770983 PMCID: PMC11676904 DOI: 10.3390/nu16244363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2024] [Revised: 12/15/2024] [Accepted: 12/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Recent insights into the influence of nutrition on immune system components have driven the development of dietary strategies targeting the prevention and management of major metabolic-inflammatory diseases. This review summarizes the bidirectional relationship between nutrition and immunocompetence, beginning with an overview of immune system components and their functions. It examines the effects of nutritional status, dietary patterns, and food bioactives on systemic inflammation, immune cell populations, and lymphoid tissues, as well as their associations with infectious and chronic disease pathogenesis. The mechanisms by which key nutrients influence immune constituents are delineated, focusing on vitamins A, D, E, C, and B, as well as minerals including zinc, iron, and selenium. Also highlighted are the immunomodulatory effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as bioactive phenolic compounds and probiotics, given their expanding relevance. Each section addresses the implications of nutritional and nutraceutical interventions involving these nutrients within the broader context of major infectious, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases. This review further underscores that, while targeted nutrient supplementation can effectively restore immune function to optimal levels, caution is necessary in certain cases, as it may increase morbidity in specific diseases. In other instances, dietary counseling should be integrated to ensure that therapeutic goals are achieved safely and effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Manuel López-Cabanillas Lomelí
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Pública, Monterrey 64460, México; (L.F.M.L.)
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Golabi M, Kazemi D, Chadeganipour AS, Fouladseresht H, Sullman MJM, Ghezelbash B, Dastgerdi AY, Eskandari N. The Role of Cobalamin in Multiple Sclerosis: An Update. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-02075-6. [PMID: 38902541 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-02075-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative condition that results in axonal and permanent damage to the central nervous system, necessitating healing owing to autoimmune reactions and persistent neuroinflammation. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drugs are essential for the management of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Additionally, multivitamin supplementation, particularly vitamin B12 (cobalamin), may be beneficial for neuronal protection. Although there is no documented connection between vitamin B12 deficiency and MS, researchers have explored its potential as a metabolic cause. This review highlights the therapeutic benefits of cobalamin (Cbl) in patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Golabi
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Danial Kazemi
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Hamed Fouladseresht
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mark J M Sullman
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Behrooz Ghezelbash
- Laboratory Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ava Yeganegi Dastgerdi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University of Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nahid Eskandari
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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3
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Salehi Z, Askari M, Jafari A, Ghosn B, Surkan PJ, Hosseinzadeh-Attar MJ, Pouraram H, Azadbakht L. Dietary patterns and micronutrients in respiratory infections including COVID-19: a narrative review. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1661. [PMID: 38907196 PMCID: PMC11193220 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18760-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is a pandemic caused by nCoV-2019, a new beta-coronavirus from Wuhan, China, that mainly affects the respiratory system and can be modulated by nutrition. METHODS This review aims to summarize the current literature on the association between dietary intake and serum levels of micronutrients, malnutrition, and dietary patterns and respiratory infections, including flu, pneumonia, and acute respiratory syndrome, with a focus on COVID-19. We searched for relevant articles in various databases and selected those that met our inclusion criteria. RESULTS Some studies suggest that dietary patterns, malnutrition, and certain nutrients such as vitamins D, E, A, iron, zinc, selenium, magnesium, omega-3 fatty acids, and fiber may have a significant role in preventing respiratory diseases, alleviating symptoms, and lowering mortality rates. However, the evidence is not consistent and conclusive, and more research is needed to clarify the mechanisms and the optimal doses of these dietary components. The impact of omega-3 and fiber on respiratory diseases has been mainly studied in children and adults, respectively, and few studies have examined the effect of dietary components on COVID-19 prevention, with a greater focus on vitamin D. CONCLUSION This review highlights the potential of nutrition as a modifiable factor in the prevention and management of respiratory infections and suggests some directions for future research. However, it also acknowledges the limitations of the existing literature, such as the heterogeneity of the study designs, populations, interventions, and outcomes, and the difficulty of isolating the effects of single nutrients from the complex interactions of the whole diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Salehi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Askari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Alireza Jafari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Batoul Ghosn
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Pamela J Surkan
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mohammad Javad Hosseinzadeh-Attar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetic, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Hamed Pouraram
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran.
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran.
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR, Iran.
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Sarb OF, Sarb AD, Iacobescu M, Vlad IM, Milaciu MV, Ciurmarnean L, Vacaras V, Tantau AI. From Gut to Brain: Uncovering Potential Serum Biomarkers Connecting Inflammatory Bowel Diseases to Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5676. [PMID: 38891863 PMCID: PMC11171869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterized by chronic gastrointestinal inflammation due to abnormal immune responses to gut microflora. The gut-brain axis is disrupted in IBDs, leading to neurobiological imbalances and affective symptoms. Systemic inflammation in IBDs affects the brain's inflammatory response system, hormonal axis, and blood-brain barrier integrity, influencing the gut microbiota. This review aims to explore the association between dysregulations in the gut-brain axis, serum biomarkers, and the development of cognitive disorders. Studies suggest a potential association between IBDs and the development of neurodegeneration. The mechanisms include systemic inflammation, nutritional deficiency, GBA dysfunction, and the effect of genetics and comorbidities. The objective is to identify potential correlations and propose future research directions to understand the impact of altered microbiomes and intestinal barrier functions on neurodegeneration. Serum levels of vitamins, inflammatory and neuronal damage biomarkers, and neuronal growth factors have been investigated for their potential to predict the development of neurodegenerative diseases, but current results are inconclusive and require more studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliviu-Florentiu Sarb
- Department of Neuroscience, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.-F.S.); (I.-M.V.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, 4th Medical Clinic, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-V.M.); (L.C.); (A.-I.T.)
| | - Adriana-Daniela Sarb
- Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Institute, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Maria Iacobescu
- Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, MEDFUTURE Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Irina-Maria Vlad
- Department of Neuroscience, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.-F.S.); (I.-M.V.)
| | - Mircea-Vasile Milaciu
- Department of Internal Medicine, 4th Medical Clinic, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-V.M.); (L.C.); (A.-I.T.)
| | - Lorena Ciurmarnean
- Department of Internal Medicine, 4th Medical Clinic, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-V.M.); (L.C.); (A.-I.T.)
| | - Vitalie Vacaras
- Department of Neuroscience, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.-F.S.); (I.-M.V.)
| | - Alina-Ioana Tantau
- Department of Internal Medicine, 4th Medical Clinic, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-V.M.); (L.C.); (A.-I.T.)
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Turgeman I, Benaim AR, Regev-Tsur S, Turgeman S, Abu Amna M, Badran O, Bar-Sela G. Too Much of a Good Thing: The Association of Elevated Vitamin B12 Levels and Outcomes in Patients With Cancer Treated With Immunotherapy. J Immunother 2024; 47:117-122. [PMID: 37909180 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic pathways may regulate responses to cancer immunotherapy (IO). Due to its immunomodulatory properties, we sought to examine the association between serum vitamin B12 (VitB12) and survival in individuals with cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, compared with biological and chemotherapy. We collected data on patients with advanced cancer initiating intravenous antineoplastic treatment and a concomitant VitB12 measurement (elevated: >820 ng/L), between January 2010 and January 2022. Patients on IO and other regimens (control) were compared using the Mann-Whitney test for continuous variables, χ 2 test or Fisher test for categorical variables, and multivariate Cox regression models assessed the effect of VitB12 on overall survival and progression-free survival, adjusting for confounders. Patient groups (control: n = 408; IO: n = 93) were balanced for the treatment line and VitB12 (elevated 29.9% vs 23.7%; mean 762.4 vs 687.6 ng/L). In multivariate analysis, overall survival in all patients was negatively associated with VitB12 [control: hazard ratio (HR): 1.4, 95% CI: 1.01-1.96, P = 0.04, false discovery rate (FDR): 0.069; IO: HR: 2.74 as sum of linear baseline and interaction effects, log scale], age (HR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02-1.04, P < 0.01), male sex (HR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.50-0.88, P < 0.01), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (HR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.48-0.99, P = 0.01). However, VitB12 was significantly negatively associated with progression-free survival only in the IO group ( P < 0.001, FDR < 0.001, calculated HR: 8.34; biological treatment P = 0.08; FDR: 0.111; neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, P = 0.07; FDR: 0.09). Taken together, elevated VitB12 was a negative predictor for outcomes on IO, independently of other known prognostic factors. Further research is needed to elucidate the immune-metabolic interplay and its interaction with the gut microbiome, as well as interventional strategies to enhance IO responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anat Reiner Benaim
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba
| | | | | | | | - Omar Badran
- Department of Oncology, Emek Medical Center, Afula
| | - Gil Bar-Sela
- Department of Oncology, Emek Medical Center, Afula
- Department Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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6
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Dułak NA, Rytlewska M, Jaskólska M, Chmielewski M. A new perspective on vitamin B12 deficiency in rheumatology: a case-based review. Rheumatol Int 2024; 44:737-741. [PMID: 38294542 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-024-05539-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency is common in patients with rheumatic diseases. Pernicious anemia is a well-known cause, but recent reports suggest that autoimmune-derived deficiency may not be limited to this cause alone. Symptoms of low vitamin B12 concentration are often deceptive, mimicking and overlapping with symptoms of other conditions. Neuropsychiatric manifestations, anemia, and fatigue are frequently attributed to a rheumatic disease without further evaluation. In this study, we present three cases of patients with neuropathic pain, depression, fatigue, and muscle weakness, initially attributed to a rheumatic disease, which almost completely resolved after implementing vitamin B12 supplementation. Furthermore, we provide an overview of current scientific reports regarding the potential use of cobalamin in rheumatology. Treatment of pain and neuropathy, often very challenging in long-lasting rheumatic diseases, can be more effective after a course of vitamin B12, even when no apparent deficiency is detected in laboratory tests. Considering recent research demonstrating vitamin B12's nerve-protecting properties, we recommend that physicians should assess vitamin B12 levels early in the diagnostic process of rheumatic diseases. In specific cases, physicians should consider cobalamin supplementation regardless of vitamin B12 serum concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Aleksandra Dułak
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology, Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Rytlewska
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology, Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marta Jaskólska
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology, Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michał Chmielewski
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology, Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Belelli D, Riva A, Nutt DJ. Reducing the harms of alcohol: nutritional interventions and functional alcohol alternatives. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 175:241-276. [PMID: 38555118 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The health risks and harm associated with regular alcohol consumption are well documented. In a recent WHO statement published in The Lancet Public Health alcohol consumption has been estimated to contribute worldwide to 3 million deaths in 2016 while also being responsible for 5·1% of the global burden of disease and injury. The total elimination of alcohol consumption, which has been long imbedded in human culture and society, is not practical and prohibition policies have proved historically ineffective. However, valuable strategies to reduce alcohol harms are already available and improved alternative approaches are currently being developed. Here, we will review and discuss recent advances on two main types of approaches, that is nutritional interventions and functional alcohol alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Belelli
- GABALabs Res. Senior Scientific Consultant, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Riva
- Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology (Foundation for Liver Research), London; Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London
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Younes S. The impact of micronutrients on the sense of taste. HUMAN NUTRITION & METABOLISM 2024; 35:200231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
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9
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Geng C, Tan L, Zhao B, Chen C. Association between vitamin B12 deficiency and risk of Paediatric narcolepsy: Evidence from cross-sectional study and Mendelian randomization analysis. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2024; 49:106-112. [PMID: 38484414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Narcolepsy, a chronic neurologic sleep disorder, has sparked growing interest in the potential role of vitamin B12 in its pathogenic mechanism. However, research on this association has predominantly focused on adults. Our objective was to delineate the phenotypic and genetic connections between serum vitamin B12 levels and paediatric narcolepsy. METHODS To investigate the causal relationship between vitamin B12 and paediatric narcolepsy, we conducted a retrospective analysis involving 60 narcolepsy patients and a matched control group. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were employed to identify independent factors influencing paediatric narcolepsy. Furthermore, a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to assess the causal connection between serum vitamin B12 levels and narcolepsy. RESULTS Paediatric narcolepsy patients showed significantly lower serum levels of vitamin B12 and folate compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified serum vitamin B12 as the exclusive independent factor influencing paediatric narcolepsy (P < 0.001; OR = 0.96; 95%CI: 0.94-0.98). Additionally, IVW model results provided compelling evidence supporting a potential causal association between serum vitamin B12 levels and paediatric narcolepsy (OR: 0.958, 95% CI = 0.946-0.969, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION This study establishes connections at both phenotypic and genetic levels, associating vitamin B12 deficiency with an increased risk of paediatric narcolepsy. These findings provide innovative perspectives for clinical strategies in the prevention and treatment of narcolepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Geng
- Department of Neurology & Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Leilei Tan
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Neurology & Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
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10
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Sela U, Corrêa da Rosa JM, Fischetti VA, Cohen JE. Quantifying how much host, pathogen, and other factors affect human protective adaptive immune responses. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1330253. [PMID: 38410519 PMCID: PMC10895049 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1330253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Recognizing the "essential" factors that contribute to a clinical outcome is critical for designing appropriate therapies and prioritizing limited medical resources. Demonstrating a high correlation between a factor and an outcome does not necessarily imply an essential role of the factor to the outcome. Human protective adaptive immune responses to pathogens vary among (and perhaps within) pathogenic strains, human individual hosts, and in response to other factors. Which of these has an "essential" role? We offer three statistical approaches that predict the presence of newly contributing factor(s) and then quantify the influence of host, pathogen, and the new factors on immune responses. We illustrate these approaches using previous data from the protective adaptive immune response (cellular and humoral) by human hosts to various strains of the same pathogenic bacterial species. Taylor's law predicts the existence of other factors potentially contributing to the human protective adaptive immune response in addition to inter-individual host and intra-bacterial species inter-strain variability. A mixed linear model measures the relative contribution of the known variables, individual human hosts and bacterial strains, and estimates the summed contributions of the newly predicted but unknown factors to the combined adaptive immune response. A principal component analysis predicts the presence of sub-variables (currently not defined) within bacterial strains and individuals that may contribute to the combined immune response. These observations have statistical, biological, clinical, and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Sela
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Joel M. Corrêa da Rosa
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Vincent A. Fischetti
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Joel E. Cohen
- Laboratory of Populations, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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11
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Siddiqua TJ, Akhtar E, Haq MA, Shahab-Ferdows S, Hampel D, Islam S, Ahmed T, Allen LH, Raqib R. Effects of vitamin B12 supplementation on oxidative stress markers and pro-inflammatory cytokines during pregnancy and postpartum among Bangladeshi mother-child pairs. BMC Nutr 2024; 10:3. [PMID: 38172996 PMCID: PMC10765711 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-023-00785-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited research to determine whether vitamin B12 (B12) supplementation during pregnancy and lactation is protective against oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines and whether this effect is transferred to breastfed infants via milk. In addition, associations among maternal plasma/ milk and infant B12 status and immune function markers are poorly characterized. OBJECTIVES To evaluate effects of oral B12 supplementation during pregnancy and postpartum on maternal and infant 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG, an oxidative stress marker) and proinflammatory cytokine levels, and examine associations between maternal plasma, breastmilk and infant B12 status as well as immune function markers. METHOD In a blinded, placebo-controlled trial, Bangladeshi women (n = 68, 18-35 years, hemoglobin < 11 g/dL, gestational weeks 11-14) received either 250 μg/day B12 or placebo throughout pregnancy up to 3-months postpartum. Samples were collected from mothers at baseline and 3-months postpartum and from infants at 3-months to measure B12 status indicators, 8-OH-dG and proinflammatory cytokines. RESULTS Maternal postpartum B12 was positively associated with infant plasma B12. Higher milk B12 concentrations were associated with increased infant B12 (beta (β) = 277, 95% confidence interval (CI) = (132, 423), p<0.001) and lower total homocysteine (β = -7.63, 95% CI = (-12.40, -2.86), p = 0.002) levels. Maternal B12 supplementation reduced plasma 8-OH-dG concentrations among postpartum mothers and infants compared to the placebo group. Supplementation increased plasma TNF-α and IL-6 levels among mothers and IL-10 and IFN-γ levels among infants. CONCLUSION Milk and maternal plasma B12 at 3 months were associated with infant B12. Maternal B12 supplementation modulates 8-OH-dG and several cytokines which may protect against immune response-induced oxidative stress. TRIAL REGISTRATION (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01795131- 1st posted on 20/02/2013).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evana Akhtar
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ahsanul Haq
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Daniela Hampel
- USDA ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sharmin Islam
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Lindsay H Allen
- USDA ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rubhana Raqib
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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12
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Mathew AR, Di Matteo G, La Rosa P, Barbati SA, Mannina L, Moreno S, Tata AM, Cavallucci V, Fidaleo M. Vitamin B12 Deficiency and the Nervous System: Beyond Metabolic Decompensation-Comparing Biological Models and Gaining New Insights into Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:590. [PMID: 38203763 PMCID: PMC10778862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B12 (VitB12) is a micronutrient and acts as a cofactor for fundamental biochemical reactions: the synthesis of succinyl-CoA from methylmalonyl-CoA and biotin, and the synthesis of methionine from folic acid and homocysteine. VitB12 deficiency can determine a wide range of diseases, including nervous system impairments. Although clinical evidence shows a direct role of VitB12 in neuronal homeostasis, the molecular mechanisms are yet to be characterized in depth. Earlier investigations focused on exploring the biochemical shifts resulting from a deficiency in the function of VitB12 as a coenzyme, while more recent studies propose a broader mechanism, encompassing changes at the molecular/cellular levels. Here, we explore existing study models employed to investigate the role of VitB12 in the nervous system, including the challenges inherent in replicating deficiency/supplementation in experimental settings. Moreover, we discuss the potential biochemical alterations and ensuing mechanisms that might be modified at the molecular/cellular level (such as epigenetic modifications or changes in lysosomal activity). We also address the role of VitB12 deficiency in initiating processes that contribute to nervous system deterioration, including ROS accumulation, inflammation, and demyelination. Consequently, a complex biological landscape emerges, requiring further investigative efforts to grasp the intricacies involved and identify potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee Rachel Mathew
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.M.); (A.M.T.)
| | - Giacomo Di Matteo
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.D.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Piergiorgio La Rosa
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- European Center for Brain Research, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Saviana Antonella Barbati
- Departmental Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luisa Mannina
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.D.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Sandra Moreno
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy;
- Laboratory of Neurodevelopment, Neurogenetics and Neuromolecular Biology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Ada Maria Tata
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.M.); (A.M.T.)
- Research Centre of Neurobiology “Daniel Bovet”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Virve Cavallucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Fidaleo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.M.); (A.M.T.)
- Research Center for Nanotechnology Applied to Engineering (CNIS), Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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13
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Basta D, Latinovic OS, Tagaya Y, Silvestri G. Potential Advantages of a Well-balanced Nutrition Regimen for People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type -1. JOURNAL OF AIDS AND HIV TREATMENT 2024; 6:11-27. [PMID: 38845818 PMCID: PMC11155617 DOI: 10.33696/aids.6.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
This review underscores the important role of nutrition in enhancing the management of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1). Highlighting the efficacy of dietary interventions, including, the importance of omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins D and B-12, and the Mediterranean diet, we delineate how these beneficial nutritional strategies can improve the effectiveness of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), mitigate its side effects, and ameliorate metabolic disorders in people living with HIV-1 (PLWH). Our review advocates for the integration and implementation of personalized nutritional assessments into the care plan for PLWH, proposing actionable strategies for healthcare providers in HIV-1 field. Summarizing the current standing of the relevance of the nutritional and well-planned diet recommended for the PLWH and emphasizing on the future research directions, this review establishes a foundation for nutrition as a cornerstone in comprehensive HIV-1 management. Our review aims to improve patients' health outcomes and overall quality of life for PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Basta
- Green Home scarl, Scientific Committee, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Olga S. Latinovic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Yutaka Tagaya
- Division of Virology, Pathogenesis, and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Giovannino Silvestri
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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14
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Duntas LH. Nutrition and thyroid disease. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2023; 30:324-329. [PMID: 37578378 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this review was to determine, based on the most recent findings, the involvement of trace elements and vitamins critical for thyroid function and combating thyroid disease. RECENT FINDINGS Nutritional guidance is pivotal to reducing the risk of thyroid disease and to managing it when it arises, this meaning the prescription of diets rich in such micronutrients as iodine, selenium, iron, zinc, and vitamins B12, D3, and A. Most of the above micronutrients are good antioxidants, building up an anti-inflammatory profile, reducing thyroid autoantibodies and body fat, and improving thyroid function. Diets are increasingly being prescribed, especially for those suffering from Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Notable among prescribed diets is the Mediterranean diet. Rich in critical elements, it benefits patients at the immune endocrine and biomolecular levels. SUMMARY Importantly, it is likely that widespread adherence to the Mediterranean diet, together with a reduction of meat consumption and potential elimination of gluten and lactose may improve inflammation and have an impact on public health while possibly diminishing thyroiditis symptoms. It is hoped that this review can direct policymakers towards undertaking cost-effective interventions to minimize deficiency of essential minerals and vitamins and thus protect both general and thyroid health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonidas H Duntas
- Evgenideion Hospital, Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Thyroid Section, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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15
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Dhakad PK, Mishra R, Mishra I. A Concise Review: Nutritional Interventions for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). NATURAL RESOURCES FOR HUMAN HEALTH 2023; 3:403-425. [DOI: 10.53365/nrfhh/175070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2025]
Abstract
Wuhan, China reported a novel coronavirus-related sickness in late 2019, which quickly spread into a global epidemic. One crucial factor in combating the coronavirus infection appears to be the presence of a robust, long-lasting, and active immune system. The immune response is affected by several factors, including food. Nutritional insufficiency can cause immune deficits, making infections more likely to cause fatality. Thus, understanding numerous behaviors, particularly dietary habits, is essential to determining their capacity to reduce severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 risks and improve prognosis. In this paper, the authors summarize the complex interaction between nutritional status and severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 infections, as well as the consequences of poor nutrients with regard of the extent to which disease is affected. The literature was compiled by searching a number of reputable scientific databases including Scopus, Science Direct, Springer, Nature, PubMed, Web of Science resources. The accumulating evidence demonstrates that malnutrition impairs the immune system's ability to function, weakening the body's infection resistance. This review emphasizes the significance of nutritional status in the care of coronavirus disease patients as well as demonstrates that functional foods may contribute to better outcomes. Ageing, Obesity, Malnutrition, Undernutrition, Lack of exercise are having a devastating effect on people's health in general and during this coronavirus disease. The severity and prognosis of coronavirus illness seem to be significantly influenced by lifestyle choices, nutritional imbalances, and impaired immune response.
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16
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Kovatcheva M, Melendez E, Chondronasiou D, Pietrocola F, Bernad R, Caballe A, Junza A, Capellades J, Holguín-Horcajo A, Prats N, Durand S, Rovira M, Yanes O, Stephan-Otto Attolini C, Kroemer G, Serrano M. Vitamin B 12 is a limiting factor for induced cellular plasticity and tissue repair. Nat Metab 2023; 5:1911-1930. [PMID: 37973897 PMCID: PMC10663163 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00916-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Transient reprogramming by the expression of OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and MYC (OSKM) is a therapeutic strategy for tissue regeneration and rejuvenation, but little is known about its metabolic requirements. Here we show that OSKM reprogramming in mice causes a global depletion of vitamin B12 and molecular hallmarks of methionine starvation. Supplementation with vitamin B12 increases the efficiency of reprogramming both in mice and in cultured cells, the latter indicating a cell-intrinsic effect. We show that the epigenetic mark H3K36me3, which prevents illegitimate initiation of transcription outside promoters (cryptic transcription), is sensitive to vitamin B12 levels, providing evidence for a link between B12 levels, H3K36 methylation, transcriptional fidelity and efficient reprogramming. Vitamin B12 supplementation also accelerates tissue repair in a model of ulcerative colitis. We conclude that vitamin B12, through its key role in one-carbon metabolism and epigenetic dynamics, improves the efficiency of in vivo reprogramming and tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kovatcheva
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Elena Melendez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dafni Chondronasiou
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Federico Pietrocola
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Raquel Bernad
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrià Caballe
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexandra Junza
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Electronic Engineering, IISPV, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Capellades
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Electronic Engineering, IISPV, Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Metabolomics Platform, Reus, Spain
| | - Adrián Holguín-Horcajo
- Department of Physiological Science, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Pancreas Regeneration: Pancreatic Progenitors and Their Niche Group, Regenerative Medicine Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Neus Prats
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sylvere Durand
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms UMS AMMICa/UMR 1138, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm U1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Meritxell Rovira
- Department of Physiological Science, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Pancreas Regeneration: Pancreatic Progenitors and Their Niche Group, Regenerative Medicine Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Oscar Yanes
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Electronic Engineering, IISPV, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Camille Stephan-Otto Attolini
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms UMS AMMICa/UMR 1138, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm U1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
- Altos Labs, Cambridge Institute of Science, Cambridge, UK.
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17
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Warfel HC, Wilcoxen TE. Lack of vitamin B12 impairs innate and adaptive immunity of Cuban tree frog (Osteopilus septentrionalis) tadpoles. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 339:878-886. [PMID: 37522473 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin B12 is a micronutrient required by a variety of organisms for healthy cellular functioning. Despite the systemic effects observed in cases of B12 deficiency, relatively little is known about how vitamin B12 affects immune health, especially in amphibians, which are declining at unprecedented rates. In this study, we tested how supplementing an algae diet with B12 affects the innate and adaptive immunity of Cuban tree frog (Osteopilus septentrionalis) tadpoles. We found that innate immunity, as measured by a bacterial killing assay, was significantly more robust in B12-supplemented tadpoles than control tadpoles, but no significant differences were found in natural antibody production or hematocrit between groups. Adaptive immunity, as measured by Aeromonas hydrophila-specific IgY antibodies, was significantly greater in tadpoles challenged with A. hydrophila and supplemented with B12 than in control tadpoles, those only challenged with A. hydrophila, and those only given B12. Our results suggest that vitamin B12 is an important factor in maintaining a functional immune system in tadpoles, which may also be true for all vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C Warfel
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, USA
- Department of Biology, Millikin University, Decatur, Illinois, USA
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18
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Ye Q, Devarshi PP, Grant RW, Higgins KA, Mitmesser SH. Lower Intakes of Key Nutrients Are Associated with More School and Workplace Absenteeism in US Children and Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study of NHANES 2003-2008. Nutrients 2023; 15:4356. [PMID: 37892431 PMCID: PMC10609412 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of individual macro- and micronutrients on absenteeism in the United States is largely unknown. The objective of this study was to determine whether nutritional status or nutrient intake were associated with absenteeism from school and work due to illness or injury. Data from NHANES 2003-2008 were used to assess nutrient intake from food and food plus supplements, nutritional biomarker levels, and school and work absenteeism per year in children and adults. Negative binomial regression models were used to predict mean days of missed work per year and to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of absenteeism by nutrient biomarker status. Of 7429 children, 77% reported missing school days (mean 4.0 days). Of 8252 adults, 51% reported missing work days (mean 4.9 days). Children and adults who reported more absent days had a significantly lower intake of protein and several essential micronutrients from the diet. When nutrients from supplements were included, this negative association was retained for protein, selenium, choline, and DHA in children and for protein, selenium, vitamin K, choline, potassium, fiber, octadecatrienoic acid, and lycopene in adults. Future studies are needed to ascertain whether dietary interventions, such as access to healthier food options and/or dietary supplements, can reduce absenteeism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ye
- Science & Technology, Pharmavite LLC, West Hills, CA 91304, USA; (P.P.D.); (R.W.G.)
| | - Prasad P. Devarshi
- Science & Technology, Pharmavite LLC, West Hills, CA 91304, USA; (P.P.D.); (R.W.G.)
| | - Ryan W. Grant
- Science & Technology, Pharmavite LLC, West Hills, CA 91304, USA; (P.P.D.); (R.W.G.)
| | - Kelly A. Higgins
- Food Components and Health Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Susan H. Mitmesser
- Science & Technology, Pharmavite LLC, West Hills, CA 91304, USA; (P.P.D.); (R.W.G.)
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19
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Wiśniewski OW, Czyżniewski B, Żukiewicz-Sobczak W, Gibas-Dorna M. Nutritional Behavior in European Countries during COVID-19 Pandemic-A Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3451. [PMID: 37571387 PMCID: PMC10420667 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is highly linked with hyperinflammation and dysfunction of the immune cells. Studies have shown that adequate nutrition, a modifiable factor affecting immunity and limiting systemic inflammation, may play an adjunct role in combating the negative consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Due to the global lockdown conditions, the COVID-19 pandemic has contributed, among others, to restrictions on fresh food availability and changes in lifestyle and eating behaviors. The aim of this paper was to review the data regarding eating habits in European countries within the general population of adults and some specific subpopulations, including obese, diabetic, and psychiatric patients, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The PubMed database and the official websites of medical organizations and associations were searched for the phrases "COVID" and "eating habits". Papers regarding the pediatric population, non-European countries, presenting aggregated data from different countries worldwide, and reviews were excluded. During the COVID-19 pandemic, unhealthy lifestyles and eating behaviors were commonly reported. These included increased snacking, intake of caloric foods, such as sweets, pastries, and beverages, and a decline in physical activity. Data suggest that poor eating habits that create a positive energy balance have persisted over time as an additional post-COVID negative consequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Wojciech Wiśniewski
- Department of Cardiology-Intensive Therapy and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego Street, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Nutrition and Food, Faculty of Health Sciences, Calisia University, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland;
| | - Bartłomiej Czyżniewski
- Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, 28 Zyty Street, 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland;
| | - Wioletta Żukiewicz-Sobczak
- Department of Nutrition and Food, Faculty of Health Sciences, Calisia University, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Gibas-Dorna
- Collegium Medicum, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Zielona Gora, 28 Zyty Street, 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland
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20
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Medoro A, Davinelli S, Colletti A, Di Micoli V, Grandi E, Fogacci F, Scapagnini G, Cicero AFG. Nutraceuticals as Modulators of Immune Function: A Review of Potential Therapeutic Effects. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2023; 28:89-107. [PMID: 37416796 PMCID: PMC10321448 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2023.28.2.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplementation with nutraceuticals can promote optimal immune system activation, modulating different pathways that enhance immune defenses. Therefore, the immunity-boosting effects of nutraceuticals encompass not only immunomodulatory but also antioxidant, antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal properties, with therapeutic effects against diverse pathological conditions. However, the complexity of the pathways that regulate the immune system, numerous mechanisms of action, and heterogeneity of the immunodeficiencies, and subjects treated make their application in the clinical field difficult. Some nutraceuticals appear to safely improve immune system function, particularly by preventing viral and bacterial infections in specific groups, such as children, the elderly, and athletes, as well as in frail patients, such as those affected by autoimmune diseases, chronic diseases, or cancer. Several nutraceuticals, such as vitamins, mineral salts, polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids, many types of phytocompounds, and probiotic strains, have the most consolidated evidence in humans. In most cases, further large and long-term randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm the available preliminary positive data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Medoro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Alessandro Colletti
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), Bologna 40138, Italy
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Turin, Turin 10125, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Micoli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Elisa Grandi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Federica Fogacci
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), Bologna 40138, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Arrigo F. G. Cicero
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), Bologna 40138, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna 40138, Italy
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21
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Qi X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Luo F, Song K, Wang G, Ling F. Vitamin B 12 produced by Cetobacterium somerae improves host resistance against pathogen infection through strengthening the interactions within gut microbiota. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:135. [PMID: 37322528 PMCID: PMC10268390 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01574-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogen infections seriously affect host health, and the use of antibiotics increases the risk of the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria and also increases environmental and health safety risks. Probiotics have received much attention for their excellent ability to prevent pathogen infections. Particularly, explaining mechanism of action of probiotics against pathogen infections is important for more efficient and rational use of probiotics and the maintenance of host health. RESULTS Here, we describe the impacts of probiotic on host resistance to pathogen infections. Our findings revealed that (I) the protective effect of oral supplementation with B. velezensis against Aeromonas hydrophila infection was dependent on gut microbiota, specially the anaerobic indigenous gut microbe Cetobacterium; (II) Cetobacterium was a sensor of health, especially for fish infected with pathogenic bacteria; (III) the genome resolved the ability of Cetobacterium somerae CS2105-BJ to synthesize vitamin B12 de novo, while in vivo and in vitro metabolism assays also showed the ability of Cetobacterium somerae CS2105-BJ to produce vitamin B12; (IV) the addition of vitamin B12 significantly altered the gut redox status and the gut microbiome structure and function, and then improved the stability of the gut microbial ecological network, and enhanced the gut barrier tight junctions to prevent the pathogen infection. CONCLUSION Collectively, this study found that the effect of probiotics in enhancing host resistance to pathogen infections depended on function of B12 produced by an anaerobic indigenous gut microbe, Cetobacterium. Furthermore, as a gut microbial regulator, B12 exhibited the ability to strengthen the interactions within gut microbiota and gut barrier tight junctions, thereby improving host resistance against pathogen infection. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yilin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kaige Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gaoxue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Fei Ling
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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22
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Zajac D, Wojciechowski P. The Role of Vitamins in the Pathogenesis of Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108574. [PMID: 37239921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamins play a crucial role in the proper functioning of organisms. Disturbances of their levels, seen as deficiency or excess, enhance the development of various diseases, including those of the cardiovascular, immune, or respiratory systems. The present paper aims to summarize the role of vitamins in one of the most common diseases of the respiratory system, asthma. This narrative review describes the influence of vitamins on asthma and its main symptoms such as bronchial hyperreactivity, airway inflammation, oxidative stress, and airway remodeling, as well as the correlation between vitamin intake and levels and the risk of asthma in both pre- and postnatal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Zajac
- Department of Respiration Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Piotr Wojciechowski
- Department of Respiration Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
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23
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Chung CW, Jung KY, Jung EH, Lee MJ, Park YJ, Lee JK, Ahn HY, Cho SW. Efficacy of selenium supplementation for mild-to-moderate Graves' ophthalmopathy in a selenium-sufficient area (SeGOSS trial): study protocol for a phase III, multicenter, open-label, randomized, controlled intervention trial. Trials 2023; 24:272. [PMID: 37060084 PMCID: PMC10103450 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07282-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The therapeutic effect of selenium has been demonstrated in mild Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) in a European region where selenium status is suboptimal. However, there is a lack of evidence to support selenium use in selenium-sufficient areas. The aim of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic effect of selenium in mild-to-moderate GO in selenium-sufficient South Korea. METHODS The SeGOSS trial is a multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label trial in South Korea. Eighty-four patients aged 19 years or older with mild-to-moderate GO will be randomized to receive either vitamin B complex alone or vitamin B complex with selenium for 6 months with three monthly follow-up visits. The primary outcome is comparison of the improvement in quality of life at 6 months from baseline between the control and selenium groups. The secondary outcomes are intergroup differences in changes in quality of life at 3 months, clinical activity of GO at 3 and 6 months, thyroid autoantibody titers at 3 and 6 months, and the response rate at 3 and 6 months from baseline. Quality of life will be measured by questionnaire for patients with GO, and the clinical activity of GO will be evaluated by the clinical activity score (CAS). A positive response is defined as either changes in the CAS < 0 or the changes in the GO-QOL score ≥ 6. DISCUSSION The SeGOSS study will evaluate the therapeutic potential of selenium for mild-to-moderate GO in a selenium-sufficient area and provide support in tailoring better treatment for GO. TRIAL REGISTRATION KCT0004040. Retrospectively registered on 5 June 2019. https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do/14160 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Won Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 101, Daehak-Ro, Jongro-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong Yeun Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hye Jung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Joung Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 101, Daehak-Ro, Jongro-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Kyu Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Young Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 102, Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06973, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun Wook Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 101, Daehak-Ro, Jongro-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kumar R, Singh U, Tiwari A, Tiwari P, Sahu JK, Sharma S. Vitamin B12: Strategies for enhanced production, fortified functional food products and health benefits. Process Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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Hu N, Wang X. The level of homocysteine in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:1185-1192. [PMID: 36422727 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06518-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the differences of the level of homocysteine (Hcy) between ALS patients and controls. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, OVID, and other databases were searched systematically up to October 2022 for relevant reports about the level of Hcy, folic acid, and vitamin B12 (VB12) among ALS patients. Two reviewers screened and selected the titles and abstracts of the studies independently during the database searches and performed full-text reviews and extracted available data. The MD (mean difference) and 95%CI (credibility interval) of the level of Hcy, folic acid, and VB12 between ALS group and control group were calculated. RESULTS Pooled results of nine studies including 812 ALS patients and 2632 controls showed that the MD in plasma levels of HCY between ALS patients and controls was 1.56 (95%CI: - 0.07, 3.19) μmol/L with remarkable heterogeneity (I2 = 94%). The mean CSF levels of Hcy among ALS patients were significantly higher than that of controls (MD: 0.23, 95%CI: 0.21, 0.24 μmol/L) with no significant heterogeneity (I2 = 0%). No significant difference in the plasma level of folic acid (MD: - 0.52, 95%CI: - 1.89, 0.84 ng/mL) or VB12 (MD: - 9.76, 95%CI: - 83.41, 63.89) was found between ALS patients and controls. CONCLUSION There was no significant difference in the plasma level of Hcy, folic acid, or VB12 between ALS patients and controls. The CSF level of Hcy among ALS population was remarkably higher than that among controls. Vitamin supplements including folate and VB12 might be recommended to ALS patients with the complication of deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hu
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Xubiao Wang
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
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Özsoy Ş, Özsoy Z, Gevrek F, Yeniova AÖ. Protective role of vitamin B12 on acetic acid induced colitis in rats. Turk J Surg 2023; 39:7-16. [PMID: 37275922 PMCID: PMC10234719 DOI: 10.47717/turkjsurg.2023.5903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, relapsing, and remittent inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Nutritional deficiency may be instrumental in and attributable to this disease. We examined the effect of VitB12 supplementation on acetic acid (AA)-induced colitis in rats. Material and Methods Five minutes after the application of acetic acid to the rats to create a colitis model, VitB12 was administered 1 mg/kg, i.p concentration, then the application continued for three consecutive days. Control groups were included for colitis and VitB12. After 4d, the rats were sacrificed, and colonic tissues were harvested for macroscopic and microscopic examination of colonic damage. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MDA, GSH and SOD values were measured biochemically. Results There was statistically significant macroscopic improvement in damage to the colon tissues (p <0.05). The severity of inflammation reduced in the VitB12 treated rat group compared with the control group, but was not significantly. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, MDA, and SOD did not differ between AA control and VitB12 treated AA colitis group. However, the levels of IL-6 and GSH were statistically significant different in rats with AA-induced colitis after VitB12 injection (p <0.05). Conclusion Nutritional deficiencies might contribute to the pathogenesis of IBD, and the efficacy of VitB12 supplementation has controversial effects on the intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şeyma Özsoy
- Department of Physiology, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University Faculty of Medicine, Tokat, Türkiye
| | - Zeki Özsoy
- Department of General Surgery, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University Faculty of Medicine, Tokat, Türkiye
| | - Fikret Gevrek
- Department of Histology, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University Faculty of Medicine, Tokat, Türkiye
| | - Abdullah Özgür Yeniova
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University Faculty of Medicine, Tokat, Türkiye
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BourBour F, Mirzaei Dahka S, Gholamalizadeh M, Akbari ME, Shadnoush M, Haghighi M, Taghvaye-Masoumi H, Ashoori N, Doaei S. Nutrients in prevention, treatment, and management of viral infections; special focus on Coronavirus. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:16-25. [PMID: 32644876 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1791188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic caused by coronavirus with mild to severe respiratory symptoms. This paper aimed to investigate the effect of nutrients on the immune system and their possible roles in the prevention, treatment, and management of COVID-19 in adults. METHODS This Systematic review was designed based on the guideline of the Preferred Reporting for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA). The articles that focussed on nutrition, immune system, viral infection, and coronaviruses were collected by searching databases for both published papers and accepted manuscripts from 1990 to 2020. Irrelevant papers and articles without English abstract were excluded from the review process. RESULTS Some nutrients are actively involved in the proper functioning and strengthening of the human immune system against viral infections including dietary protein, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, iron, zinc, and selenium. Few studies were done on the effect of dietary components on prevention of COVID-19, but supplementation with these nutrients may be effective in improving the health status of patients with viral infections. CONCLUSION Following a balanced diet and supplementation with proper nutrients may play a vital role in prevention, treatment, and management of COVID-19. However, further clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings and presenting the strong recommendations against this pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh BourBour
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetic, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Gholamalizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Shadnoush
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Haghighi
- Anesthesiology Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences (GUMS), Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Narjes Ashoori
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saied Doaei
- Research Center of Health and Environment, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Khokhlova E, Colom J, Simon A, Mazhar S, García-Lainez G, Llopis S, Gonzalez N, Enrique-López M, Álvarez B, Martorell P, Tortajada M, Deaton J, Rea K. Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Properties of a Novel Potential Probiotic Bacillus clausii CSI08. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020240. [PMID: 36838205 PMCID: PMC9962608 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Spore-forming bacteria of the Bacillus genus have demonstrated potential as probiotics for human use. Bacillus clausii have been recognized as efficacious and safe agents for preventing and treating diarrhea in children and adults, with pronounced immunomodulatory properties during several in vitro and clinical studies. Herein, we characterize the novel strain of B. clausii CSI08 (Munispore®) for probiotic attributes including resistance to gastric acid and bile salts, the ability to suppress the growth of human pathogens, the capacity to assimilate wide range of carbohydrates and to produce potentially beneficial enzymes. Both spores and vegetative cells of this strain were able to adhere to a mucous-producing intestinal cell line and to attenuate the LPS- and Poly I:C-triggered pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression in HT-29 intestinal cell line. Vegetative cells of B. clausii CSI08 were also able to elicit a robust immune response in U937-derived macrophages. Furthermore, B. clausii CSI08 demonstrated cytoprotective effects in in vitro cell culture and in vivo C. elegans models of oxidative stress. Taken together, these beneficial properties provide strong evidence for B. clausii CSI08 as a promising potential probiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Khokhlova
- Deerland Ireland R&D, Ltd., ADM, Bio-Innovation Unit, Rm. 331 Food Science Building, College Rd., University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
| | - Joan Colom
- Deerland Ireland R&D, Ltd., ADM, Bio-Innovation Unit, Rm. 331 Food Science Building, College Rd., University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
| | - Annie Simon
- Deerland Ireland R&D, Ltd., ADM, Bio-Innovation Unit, Rm. 331 Food Science Building, College Rd., University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
| | - Shahneela Mazhar
- Deerland Ireland R&D, Ltd., ADM, Bio-Innovation Unit, Rm. 331 Food Science Building, College Rd., University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
| | - Guillermo García-Lainez
- Archer Daniels Midland, Nutrition, Health&Wellness, Biopolis S.L. Parc Científic Universitat de València, C/ Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch, 9, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Silvia Llopis
- Archer Daniels Midland, Nutrition, Health&Wellness, Biopolis S.L. Parc Científic Universitat de València, C/ Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch, 9, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Nuria Gonzalez
- Archer Daniels Midland, Nutrition, Health&Wellness, Biopolis S.L. Parc Científic Universitat de València, C/ Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch, 9, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - María Enrique-López
- Archer Daniels Midland, Nutrition, Health&Wellness, Biopolis S.L. Parc Científic Universitat de València, C/ Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch, 9, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Beatriz Álvarez
- Archer Daniels Midland, Nutrition, Health&Wellness, Biopolis S.L. Parc Científic Universitat de València, C/ Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch, 9, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Patricia Martorell
- Archer Daniels Midland, Nutrition, Health&Wellness, Biopolis S.L. Parc Científic Universitat de València, C/ Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch, 9, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Marta Tortajada
- Archer Daniels Midland, Nutrition, Health&Wellness, Biopolis S.L. Parc Científic Universitat de València, C/ Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch, 9, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - John Deaton
- Deerland Probiotics & Enzymes, ADM, Science and Technology Department, 3800 Cobb International Blvd., Kennesaw, GA 30152, USA
| | - Kieran Rea
- Deerland Ireland R&D, Ltd., ADM, Bio-Innovation Unit, Rm. 331 Food Science Building, College Rd., University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
- Correspondence:
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Liu Z, Hu Y, Wang Y, Xu B, Zhao J, Yu Z. Relationship between high dose intake of vitamin B12 and glaucoma: Evidence from NHANES 2005-2008 among United States adults. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1130032. [PMID: 37139451 PMCID: PMC10149911 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1130032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Glaucoma has currently become the second leading cause of blindness in the world. Serum vitamin B12 level has been found to be involved in the development and progression of glaucoma. We performed the present study to confirm this association. Methods This cross-sectional study included 594 participants aged 40 years and older in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2008. Retinal imaging was performed using the Ophthalmic Digital Imaging system (Retinography) to assess the retina for the presence of features of glaucomatous lesions. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between dietary vitamin intake and glaucoma. Results After screening, 594 subjects were finally included. Among all vitamin intakes, we observed significant differences between the two groups for vitamin B12 intake (5.93 vs. 4.77 mg, p = 0.033). According to the logistic regression results, the intake of vitamin B12 was significantly positively associated with glaucoma (model 1: OR = 1.078, 95% CI = 1.019-1.141; model 2: OR = 1.092, 95% CI = 1.031-1.158; model 3: OR = 1.092, 95% CI = 1.029-1.158). After performing a quantile regression, we observed a significant positive association between vitamin B12 intake and incident glaucoma in the fourth quartile (model 1: OR = 1.133, 95% CI = 1.060-1.210; model 2: OR = 1.141, 95% CI = 1.072-1.215; model 3: OR = 1.146, 95% CI = 1.071-1.226). Conclusions Therefore, the above results, high-dose intake of vitamin B12 may promote the development of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Eye Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Lens Research Laboratory of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Eye Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Lens Research Laboratory of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Eye Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Lens Research Laboratory of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Baiwei Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Eye Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Lens Research Laboratory of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiangyue Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Eye Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Lens Research Laboratory of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Ziyan Yu, ; Jiangyue Zhao,
| | - Ziyan Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Eye Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Lens Research Laboratory of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Ziyan Yu, ; Jiangyue Zhao,
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Vitamins, microelements and the immune system: current standpoint in the fight against coronavirus disease 2019. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:2131-2146. [PMID: 35057876 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522000083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory disease associated with severe systemic inflammation. The optimal status of vitamins and microelements is considered crucial for the proper functioning of the immune system and necessary for successful recovery. Most patients with respiratory distress in COVID-19 are vitamin and microelement deficient, with vitamin D and Se deficiency being the most common. Anyway, various micronutrient supplements are widely and arbitrarily used for prevention or in the treatment of COVID-19. We aimed to summarise current knowledge about molecular and physiological mechanisms of vitamins (D, A, C, B6, B9 and B12) and microelements (Se, Zn, Cu and Fe) involved in the immune system regulation in consideration with COVID-19 pathogenesis, as well as recent findings related to their usage and effects in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. In the early course of the pandemic, several, mainly observational, studies reported an association of some micronutrients, such as vitamin C, D and Zn, with severity reduction and survival improvement. Still, emerging randomised controlled trials showed no effect of vitamin D on hospitalisation length and no effect of vitamin C and Zn on symptom reduction. Up to date, there is evidence neither for nor against the use of micronutrients in the treatment of COVID-19. The doses that exceed the recommended for the general population and age group should not be used, except in clinical trials. Benefits of supplementation are primarily expected in populations prone to micronutrient deficiencies, who are, as well, at a higher risk of worse outcomes in COVID-19.
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Liu B, Chau J, Dai Q, Zhong C, Zhang J. Exploring Gut Microbiome in Predicting the Efficacy of Immunotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5401. [PMID: 36358819 PMCID: PMC9656313 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We performed various analyses on the taxonomic and functional features of the gut microbiome from NSCLC patients treated with immunotherapy to establish a model that may predict whether a patient will benefit from immunotherapy. We collected 65 published whole metagenome shotgun sequencing samples along with 14 samples from our previous study. We systematically studied the taxonomical characteristics of the dataset and used both the random forest (RF) and the multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network models to predict patients with progression-free survival (PFS) above 6 months versus those below 3 months. Our results showed that the RF classifier achieved the highest F-score (85.2%) and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) (95%) using the protein families (Pfam) profile, and the MLP neural network classifier achieved a 99.9% F-score and 100% AUC using the same Pfam profile. When applying the model trained in the Pfam profile directly to predict the treatment response, we found that both trained RF and MLP classifiers significantly outperformed the stochastic predictor in F-score. Our results suggested that such a predictive model based on functional (e.g., Pfam) rather than taxonomic profile might be clinically useful to predict whether an NSCLC patient will benefit from immunotherapy, as both the F-score and AUC of functional profile outperform that of taxonomic profile. In addition, our model suggested that interactive biological processes such as methanogenesis, one-carbon, and amino acid metabolism might be important in regulating the immunotherapy response that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Justin Chau
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Qun Dai
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Cuncong Zhong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, University of Kansa, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Kebede SS, Yalew A, Yesuf T, Melku M, Bambo GM, Woldu B. The magnitude and associated factors of immune hemolytic anemia among human immuno deficiency virus infected adults attending University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital north west Ethiopia 2021 GC, cross sectional study design. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274464. [PMID: 36201533 PMCID: PMC9536541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune hemolytic anemia commonly affects human immune deficiency infected individuals. Among anemic HIV patients in Africa, the burden of IHA due to autoantibody was ranged from 2.34 to 3.06 due to drug was 43.4%. IHA due to autoimmune is potentially a fatal complication of HIV which accompanies the greatest percent from acquired hemolytic anemia. OBJECTIVE The main aim of this study was to determine the magnitude and associated factors of immune hemolytic anemia among human immuno deficiency virus infected adults at university of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital north west Ethiopia from March to April 2021. METHODS An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 358 human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults selected by systematic random sampling at the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital from March to April 2021. Data for socio-demography, dietary and clinical data were collected by structured pretested questionnaire. Five ml of venous blood was drawn from each participant and analyzed by Unicel DHX 800 hematology analyzer, blood film examination and antihuman globulin test were performed to diagnosis of immune hemolytic anemia. Data was entered into Epidata version 4.6 and analyzed by STATA version 14. Descriptive statistics were computed and firth penalized logistic regression was used to identify predictors. P value less than 0.005 interpreted as significant. RESULT The overall prevalence of immune hemolytic anemia was 2.8% (10 of 358 participants). Of these 5 were males and 7 were in the 31 to 50 year age group. Among individuals with immune hemolytic anemia, 40% mild and 60% moderate anemia. The factors that showed association were family history of anemia (AOR 8.30 at 95% CI 1.56, 44.12), not eating meat (AOR 7.39 at 95% CI 1.25, 45.0), and high viral load 6.94 at 95% CI (1.13, 42.6). CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Immune hemolytic anemia is less frequent condition in human immunodeficiency virus infected adults, and moderate anemia was common in this population. The prevalence was increased with a high viral load, a family history of anemia, and not eating meat. In these patients, early detection and treatment of immune hemolytic anemia is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Sahile Kebede
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan Tepi University, Tepi, Ethiopia
- Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Aregaw Yalew
- Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Yesuf
- Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mullugeta Melku
- Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar Ethiopia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Getachew Mesfin Bambo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan Tepi University, Tepi, Ethiopia
- Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar Ethiopia
| | - Berhanu Woldu
- Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar Ethiopia
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Ouma PA, Mwaeni VK, Amwayi PW, Isaac AO, Nyariki JN. Calcium carbide-induced derangement of hematopoiesis and organ toxicity ameliorated by cyanocobalamin in a mouse model. Lab Anim Res 2022; 38:26. [PMID: 35962424 PMCID: PMC9373447 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-022-00136-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Calcium carbide (CaC2) is a chemical primarily used in the production of acetylene gas. The misuse of CaC2 to induce fruit ripening is a global challenge with a potential adverse effects to human health. Additionally, CaC2 is known to contain some reasonable amount of arsenic and phosphorous compounds that are toxic and pose a danger to human health when ingested. The current study sought to characterize CaC2 toxicity and elucidate any protective effects by cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12), a well-established antioxidant and anti-inflammatory bio-molecule. Female Swiss white mice were randomly assigned into three groups; the first group was the control, while the second group was administered with CaC2. The third group received CaC2 followed by administration of vitamin B12. The mice were sacrificed at 60 days post treatment, hematological, biochemical, glutathione assay, cytokine ELISA and standard histopathology was performed. Results CaC2 administration did not significantly alter the mice body weight. CaC2 administration resulted in a significant decrease in packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBCs) and RBC indices; indicative of CaC2-driven normochromic microcytic anaemia. Further analysis showed CaC2-driven leukopenia. Evidently, vitamin B12 blocked CaC2-driven suppression of PCV, Hb, RBCs and WBCs. Monocytes and neutrophils were significantly up-regulated by CaC2. CaC2-induced elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and bilirubin signaled significant liver damage. Notably, vitamin B12 stabilized AST, ALT and bilirubin in the presence of CaC2, an indication of a protective effect. Histopathological analysis depicted that vitamin B12 ameliorated CaC2-driven liver and kidney injury. CaC2 resulted in the depletion of glutathione (GSH) levels in the liver; while in the brain, kidney and lungs, the GSH levels were elevated. CaC2 administration resulted in elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ. Vitamin B12 assuaged the CaC2-induced elevation of these pro-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusions These findings demonstrate for the first time that oral supplementation with vitamin B12 can protect mice against CaC2-mediated toxicity, inflammation and oxidative stress. The findings provide vital tools for forensic and diagnostic indicators for harmful CaC2 exposure; while providing useful insights into how vitamin B12 can be explored further as an adjunct therapy for CaC2 toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pherah A Ouma
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, 00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Victoria K Mwaeni
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, 00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Peris W Amwayi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, 00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Alfred Orina Isaac
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, School of Health Sciences and Technology, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, 00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James Nyabuga Nyariki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, 00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
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Younus N, Zuberi A. Significance of extrinsic factors for the optimization of dietary cobalt supplementation in Tor putitora fingerlings. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:883-897. [PMID: 35689710 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01089-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Extrinsic factors play a significant role during aquaculture feed manufacturing practices. Herein, a 90-day feeding trial was designed in triplicate under controlled environmental conditions to evaluate the efficiency of different chemical forms of dietary cobalt at different dosage levels on growth performance, hematological, and immunological indices of Tor putitora fingerlings. Firstly, cobalt chloride nanoparticles (Co-NPs) and cobalt methionine chelated complex (Co-Met) were synthesized via physical and chemical methods respectively and then characterized for their size, surface morphology, and elemental composition analysis by using X-rays diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Results indicated the crystalline nature of Co-NPs with spherical shape having an average size < 20 nm while Co-Met appeared as an amorphous complex with a honey-comb-like octahedral structure with an average size of 82.69 nm. Afterward, a feeding experiment was executed and fish were divided into three groups, i.e., control group (CG; fed 40% crude protein diet with no mineral added), while the other two groups were fed graded levels (0.5-3 mg/kg; increment of 0.5 mg Co/group) of Co-NPs and Co-Met supplemented diets. Statistical analysis of results by using two-way ANOVA indicated significant (P < 0.001) effect of both chemical forms, dosage levels, and their interaction level on fish indicating a dose-dependent significant effect of different chemical forms of dietary cobalt on fish. Additionally, Co-Met supplemented group of fish at supplementation level of 3 mg/kg diet showed highest growth performance, and improved hemato-immunological as compared to other experimental and control group of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naima Younus
- Department of Zoology, Fisheries and Aquaculture Laboratory, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Amina Zuberi
- Department of Zoology, Fisheries and Aquaculture Laboratory, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Mahwish, Saeed F, Afzaal M, Hussain M, Imran M, Nawaz T, Siddeeg A. Dietary guidelines to boost immunity during pre and post covid-19 conditions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2071287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahwish
- Institute of Home Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Department of Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzaal
- Department of Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muzzamal Hussain
- Department of Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Food, nutrition and lifestyle Unit, King Fahed Medical Research Center, Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University
- Department of food science and technology, University of Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Taufiq Nawaz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Azhari Siddeeg
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan
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Daniel N, Bouras E, Tsilidis KK, Hughes DJ. Genetically Predicted Circulating Concentrations of Micronutrients and COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:842315. [PMID: 35558754 PMCID: PMC9085481 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.842315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which since 2019 has caused over 5 million deaths to date. The pathogenicity of the virus is highly variable ranging from asymptomatic to fatal. Evidence from experimental and observational studies suggests that circulating micronutrients may affect COVID-19 outcomes. Objectives To complement and inform observational studies, we investigated the associations of genetically predicted concentrations of 12 micronutrients (β-carotene, calcium, copper, folate, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, selenium, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, vitamin D, and zinc) with SARS-CoV-2 infection risk and COVID-19 severity using Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods Two-sample MR was conducted using 87,870 individuals of European descent with a COVID-19 diagnosis and 2,210,804 controls from the COVID-19 host genetics initiative. Inverse variance-weighted MR analyses were performed with sensitivity analyses to assess the impact of potential violations of MR assumptions. Results Compared to the general population, nominally significant associations were noted for higher genetically predicted vitamin B-6 (Odds ratio per standard deviation [ORSD]: 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00, 1.13; p-value = 0.036) and lower magnesium concentrations (ORSD: 0.33; 95%CI: 0.11, 0.96; P = 0.042) with COVID-19 infection risk. However, the association for magnesium was not consistent in some sensitivity analyses, and sensitivity analyses could not be performed for vitamin B-6 as only two genetic instruments were available. Genetically predicted levels of calcium, folate, β-carotene, copper, iron, vitamin B-12, vitamin D, selenium, phosphorus, or zinc were not associated with the outcomes from COVID-19 disease. Conclusion These results, though based only on genetically predicated circulating micronutrient concentrations, provide scant evidence for possible associations of micronutrients with COVID-19 outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Daniel
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emmanouil Bouras
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David J Hughes
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Kinash MI, Boyarchuk OR. Pyridoxine, folate, and cobalamin and the condition of the innate and acquired immunity. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj94.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Scalabrino G. Newly Identified Deficiencies in the Multiple Sclerosis Central Nervous System and Their Impact on the Remyelination Failure. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040815. [PMID: 35453565 PMCID: PMC9026986 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) remains enigmatic and controversial. Myelin sheaths in the central nervous system (CNS) insulate axons and allow saltatory nerve conduction. MS brings about the destruction of myelin sheaths and the myelin-producing oligodendrocytes (ODCs). The conundrum of remyelination failure is, therefore, crucial in MS. In this review, the roles of epidermal growth factor (EGF), normal prions, and cobalamin in CNS myelinogenesis are briefly summarized. Thereafter, some findings of other authors and ourselves on MS and MS-like models are recapitulated, because they have shown that: (a) EGF is significantly decreased in the CNS of living or deceased MS patients; (b) its repeated administration to mice in various MS-models prevents demyelination and inflammatory reaction; (c) as was the case for EGF, normal prion levels are decreased in the MS CNS, with a strong correspondence between liquid and tissue levels; and (d) MS cobalamin levels are increased in the cerebrospinal fluid, but decreased in the spinal cord. In fact, no remyelination can occur in MS if these molecules (essential for any form of CNS myelination) are lacking. Lastly, other non-immunological MS abnormalities are reviewed. Together, these results have led to a critical reassessment of MS pathogenesis, partly because EGF has little or no role in immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Scalabrino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Brauning A, Rae M, Zhu G, Fulton E, Admasu TD, Stolzing A, Sharma A. Aging of the Immune System: Focus on Natural Killer Cells Phenotype and Functions. Cells 2022; 11:cells11061017. [PMID: 35326467 PMCID: PMC8947539 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is the greatest risk factor for nearly all major chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, Alzheimer’s and other neurodegenerative diseases of aging. Age-related impairment of immune function (immunosenescence) is one important cause of age-related morbidity and mortality, which may extend beyond its role in infectious disease. One aspect of immunosenescence that has received less attention is age-related natural killer (NK) cell dysfunction, characterized by reduced cytokine secretion and decreased target cell cytotoxicity, accompanied by and despite an increase in NK cell numbers with age. Moreover, recent studies have revealed that NK cells are the central actors in the immunosurveillance of senescent cells, whose age-related accumulation is itself a probable contributor to the chronic sterile low-grade inflammation developed with aging (“inflammaging”). NK cell dysfunction is therefore implicated in the increasing burden of infection, malignancy, inflammatory disorders, and senescent cells with age. This review will focus on recent advances and open questions in understanding the interplay between systemic inflammation, senescence burden, and NK cell dysfunction in the context of aging. Understanding the factors driving and enforcing NK cell aging may potentially lead to therapies countering age-related diseases and underlying drivers of the biological aging process itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Brauning
- SENS Research Foundation, Mountain View, CA 94041, USA; (A.B.); (M.R.); (G.Z.); (E.F.); (T.D.A.)
| | - Michael Rae
- SENS Research Foundation, Mountain View, CA 94041, USA; (A.B.); (M.R.); (G.Z.); (E.F.); (T.D.A.)
| | - Gina Zhu
- SENS Research Foundation, Mountain View, CA 94041, USA; (A.B.); (M.R.); (G.Z.); (E.F.); (T.D.A.)
| | - Elena Fulton
- SENS Research Foundation, Mountain View, CA 94041, USA; (A.B.); (M.R.); (G.Z.); (E.F.); (T.D.A.)
| | - Tesfahun Dessale Admasu
- SENS Research Foundation, Mountain View, CA 94041, USA; (A.B.); (M.R.); (G.Z.); (E.F.); (T.D.A.)
| | - Alexandra Stolzing
- SENS Research Foundation, Mountain View, CA 94041, USA; (A.B.); (M.R.); (G.Z.); (E.F.); (T.D.A.)
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Electrical, Material and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Amit Sharma
- SENS Research Foundation, Mountain View, CA 94041, USA; (A.B.); (M.R.); (G.Z.); (E.F.); (T.D.A.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (A.S.)
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Pisoschi AM, Pop A, Iordache F, Stanca L, Geicu OI, Bilteanu L, Serban AI. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory roles of vitamins in COVID-19 therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 232:114175. [PMID: 35151223 PMCID: PMC8813210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
oxidative stress is caused by an abundant generation of reactive oxygen species, associated to a diminished capacity of the endogenous systems of the organism to counteract them. Activation of pro-oxidative pathways and boosting of inflammatory cytokines are always encountered in viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2. So, the importance of counteracting cytokine storm in COVID-19 pathology is highly important, to hamper the immunogenic damage of the endothelium and alveolar membranes. Antioxidants prevent oxidative processes, by impeding radical species generation. It has been proved that vitamin intake lowers oxidative stress markers, alleviates cytokine storm and has a potential role in reducing disease severity, by lowering pro-inflammatory cytokines, hampering hyperinflammation and organ failure. For the approached compounds, direct antiviral roles are also discussed in this review, as these activities encompass secretion of antiviral peptides, modulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor expression and interaction with spike protein, inactivation of furin protease, or inhibition of pathogen replication by nucleic acid impairment induction. Vitamin administration results in beneficial effects. Nevertheless, timing, dosage and mutual influences of these micronutrients should be carefullly regarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Magdalena Pisoschi
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Aneta Pop
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florin Iordache
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Loredana Stanca
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Ionut Geicu
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liviu Bilteanu
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania; Molecular Nanotechnology Laboratory, National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies, 126A, Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 077190, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Iren Serban
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania; University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 91-95 Blvd, Splaiul Independentei, 050095, Bucharest, Romania
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Batista KS, Cintra VM, Lucena PAF, Manhães-de-Castro R, Toscano AE, Costa LP, Queiroz MEBS, de Andrade SM, Guzman-Quevedo O, Aquino JDS. The role of vitamin B12 in viral infections: a comprehensive review of its relationship with the muscle-gut-brain axis and implications for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nutr Rev 2022; 80:561-578. [PMID: 34791425 PMCID: PMC8689946 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review establishes the role of vitamin B12 as adjunct therapy for viral infections in the treatment and persistent symptoms of COVID-19, focusing on symptoms related to the muscle-gut-brain axis. Vitamin B12 can help balance immune responses to better fight viral infections. Furthermore, data from randomized clinical trials and meta-analysis indicate that vitamin B12 in the forms of methylcobalamin and cyanocobalamin may increase serum vitamin B12 levels, and resulted in decreased serum methylmalonic acid and homocysteine concentrations, and decreased pain intensity, memory loss, and impaired concentration. Among studies, there is much variation in vitamin B12 doses, chemical forms, supplementation time, and administration routes. Larger randomized clinical trials of vitamin B12 supplementation and analysis of markers such as total vitamin B12, holotranscobalamin, total homocysteine and methylmalonic acid, total folic acid, and, if possible, polymorphisms and methylation of genes need to be conducted with people with and without COVID-19 or who have had COVID-19 to facilitate the proper vitamin B12 form to be administered in individual treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila S Batista
- K.S. Batista and J.d.S. Aquino are with the Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra and P.A.F Lucena are with the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Paraíba, and the Department of Nutrition, Integrated Colleges of Patos, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra is with the the Multiprofessional Residence in Child Health of Secretariat of Health of the State of Paraíba, Brazil. P.A.F Lucena is with Coordination of Neurology Services, Hospital Metropolitano Dom José Maria Pires, Santa Rita, Paraíba and Emergency, Trauma Hospital Senador Humberto Lucena, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro is with the Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro and A.E. Toscano are with the Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano is with the Department of Nursing, CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano and O. Guzman-Quevedo are with the Post Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. L.P. Costa, M.E.B.S. Queirozj, and S.M. de Andrade are with the Ageing and Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Higher Technological Institute of Tacámbaro, Tacámbaro, Michoacán, Mexico. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Center for Biomedical Research of Michoacán, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Vanessa M Cintra
- K.S. Batista and J.d.S. Aquino are with the Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra and P.A.F Lucena are with the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Paraíba, and the Department of Nutrition, Integrated Colleges of Patos, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra is with the the Multiprofessional Residence in Child Health of Secretariat of Health of the State of Paraíba, Brazil. P.A.F Lucena is with Coordination of Neurology Services, Hospital Metropolitano Dom José Maria Pires, Santa Rita, Paraíba and Emergency, Trauma Hospital Senador Humberto Lucena, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro is with the Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro and A.E. Toscano are with the Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano is with the Department of Nursing, CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano and O. Guzman-Quevedo are with the Post Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. L.P. Costa, M.E.B.S. Queirozj, and S.M. de Andrade are with the Ageing and Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Higher Technological Institute of Tacámbaro, Tacámbaro, Michoacán, Mexico. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Center for Biomedical Research of Michoacán, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Paulo A F Lucena
- K.S. Batista and J.d.S. Aquino are with the Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra and P.A.F Lucena are with the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Paraíba, and the Department of Nutrition, Integrated Colleges of Patos, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra is with the the Multiprofessional Residence in Child Health of Secretariat of Health of the State of Paraíba, Brazil. P.A.F Lucena is with Coordination of Neurology Services, Hospital Metropolitano Dom José Maria Pires, Santa Rita, Paraíba and Emergency, Trauma Hospital Senador Humberto Lucena, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro is with the Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro and A.E. Toscano are with the Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano is with the Department of Nursing, CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano and O. Guzman-Quevedo are with the Post Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. L.P. Costa, M.E.B.S. Queirozj, and S.M. de Andrade are with the Ageing and Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Higher Technological Institute of Tacámbaro, Tacámbaro, Michoacán, Mexico. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Center for Biomedical Research of Michoacán, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Raul Manhães-de-Castro
- K.S. Batista and J.d.S. Aquino are with the Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra and P.A.F Lucena are with the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Paraíba, and the Department of Nutrition, Integrated Colleges of Patos, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra is with the the Multiprofessional Residence in Child Health of Secretariat of Health of the State of Paraíba, Brazil. P.A.F Lucena is with Coordination of Neurology Services, Hospital Metropolitano Dom José Maria Pires, Santa Rita, Paraíba and Emergency, Trauma Hospital Senador Humberto Lucena, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro is with the Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro and A.E. Toscano are with the Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano is with the Department of Nursing, CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano and O. Guzman-Quevedo are with the Post Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. L.P. Costa, M.E.B.S. Queirozj, and S.M. de Andrade are with the Ageing and Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Higher Technological Institute of Tacámbaro, Tacámbaro, Michoacán, Mexico. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Center for Biomedical Research of Michoacán, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Ana E Toscano
- K.S. Batista and J.d.S. Aquino are with the Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra and P.A.F Lucena are with the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Paraíba, and the Department of Nutrition, Integrated Colleges of Patos, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra is with the the Multiprofessional Residence in Child Health of Secretariat of Health of the State of Paraíba, Brazil. P.A.F Lucena is with Coordination of Neurology Services, Hospital Metropolitano Dom José Maria Pires, Santa Rita, Paraíba and Emergency, Trauma Hospital Senador Humberto Lucena, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro is with the Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro and A.E. Toscano are with the Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano is with the Department of Nursing, CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano and O. Guzman-Quevedo are with the Post Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. L.P. Costa, M.E.B.S. Queirozj, and S.M. de Andrade are with the Ageing and Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Higher Technological Institute of Tacámbaro, Tacámbaro, Michoacán, Mexico. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Center for Biomedical Research of Michoacán, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Larissa P Costa
- K.S. Batista and J.d.S. Aquino are with the Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra and P.A.F Lucena are with the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Paraíba, and the Department of Nutrition, Integrated Colleges of Patos, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra is with the the Multiprofessional Residence in Child Health of Secretariat of Health of the State of Paraíba, Brazil. P.A.F Lucena is with Coordination of Neurology Services, Hospital Metropolitano Dom José Maria Pires, Santa Rita, Paraíba and Emergency, Trauma Hospital Senador Humberto Lucena, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro is with the Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro and A.E. Toscano are with the Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano is with the Department of Nursing, CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano and O. Guzman-Quevedo are with the Post Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. L.P. Costa, M.E.B.S. Queirozj, and S.M. de Andrade are with the Ageing and Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Higher Technological Institute of Tacámbaro, Tacámbaro, Michoacán, Mexico. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Center for Biomedical Research of Michoacán, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Maria E B S Queiroz
- K.S. Batista and J.d.S. Aquino are with the Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra and P.A.F Lucena are with the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Paraíba, and the Department of Nutrition, Integrated Colleges of Patos, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra is with the the Multiprofessional Residence in Child Health of Secretariat of Health of the State of Paraíba, Brazil. P.A.F Lucena is with Coordination of Neurology Services, Hospital Metropolitano Dom José Maria Pires, Santa Rita, Paraíba and Emergency, Trauma Hospital Senador Humberto Lucena, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro is with the Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro and A.E. Toscano are with the Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano is with the Department of Nursing, CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano and O. Guzman-Quevedo are with the Post Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. L.P. Costa, M.E.B.S. Queirozj, and S.M. de Andrade are with the Ageing and Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Higher Technological Institute of Tacámbaro, Tacámbaro, Michoacán, Mexico. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Center for Biomedical Research of Michoacán, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Suellen M de Andrade
- K.S. Batista and J.d.S. Aquino are with the Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra and P.A.F Lucena are with the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Paraíba, and the Department of Nutrition, Integrated Colleges of Patos, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra is with the the Multiprofessional Residence in Child Health of Secretariat of Health of the State of Paraíba, Brazil. P.A.F Lucena is with Coordination of Neurology Services, Hospital Metropolitano Dom José Maria Pires, Santa Rita, Paraíba and Emergency, Trauma Hospital Senador Humberto Lucena, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro is with the Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro and A.E. Toscano are with the Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano is with the Department of Nursing, CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano and O. Guzman-Quevedo are with the Post Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. L.P. Costa, M.E.B.S. Queirozj, and S.M. de Andrade are with the Ageing and Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Higher Technological Institute of Tacámbaro, Tacámbaro, Michoacán, Mexico. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Center for Biomedical Research of Michoacán, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Omar Guzman-Quevedo
- K.S. Batista and J.d.S. Aquino are with the Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra and P.A.F Lucena are with the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Paraíba, and the Department of Nutrition, Integrated Colleges of Patos, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra is with the the Multiprofessional Residence in Child Health of Secretariat of Health of the State of Paraíba, Brazil. P.A.F Lucena is with Coordination of Neurology Services, Hospital Metropolitano Dom José Maria Pires, Santa Rita, Paraíba and Emergency, Trauma Hospital Senador Humberto Lucena, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro is with the Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro and A.E. Toscano are with the Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano is with the Department of Nursing, CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano and O. Guzman-Quevedo are with the Post Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. L.P. Costa, M.E.B.S. Queirozj, and S.M. de Andrade are with the Ageing and Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Higher Technological Institute of Tacámbaro, Tacámbaro, Michoacán, Mexico. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Center for Biomedical Research of Michoacán, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Jailane de S Aquino
- K.S. Batista and J.d.S. Aquino are with the Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra and P.A.F Lucena are with the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Paraíba, and the Department of Nutrition, Integrated Colleges of Patos, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra is with the the Multiprofessional Residence in Child Health of Secretariat of Health of the State of Paraíba, Brazil. P.A.F Lucena is with Coordination of Neurology Services, Hospital Metropolitano Dom José Maria Pires, Santa Rita, Paraíba and Emergency, Trauma Hospital Senador Humberto Lucena, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro is with the Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro and A.E. Toscano are with the Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano is with the Department of Nursing, CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano and O. Guzman-Quevedo are with the Post Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. L.P. Costa, M.E.B.S. Queirozj, and S.M. de Andrade are with the Ageing and Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Higher Technological Institute of Tacámbaro, Tacámbaro, Michoacán, Mexico. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Center for Biomedical Research of Michoacán, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
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Muhammad A, Forcados GE, Sani H, Ndidi US, Adamu A, Katsayal BS, Sadiq IZ, Abubakar YS, Sulaiman I, Abubakar IB, Yusuf AP, Malami I, Ibrahim S, Abubakar MB. Epigenetic modifications associated with genes implicated in cytokine storm: The potential biotherapeutic effects of vitamins and minerals in COVID‐19. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14079. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aliyu Muhammad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria
| | | | - Hadiza Sani
- Department of Medicine Kaduna State University Kaduna Nigeria
| | - Uche Samuel Ndidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria
| | - Auwal Adamu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria
| | | | - Idris Zubairu Sadiq
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria
| | | | - Ibrahim Sulaiman
- Department of Human Physiology Federal University Dutse Dutse Nigeria
| | | | | | - Ibrahim Malami
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto Nigeria
| | - Sani Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria
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Vaccaro JA, Naser SA. The Role of Methyl Donors of the Methionine Cycle in Gastrointestinal Infection and Inflammation. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 10:healthcare10010061. [PMID: 35052225 PMCID: PMC8775811 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin deficiency is well known to contribute to disease development in both humans and other animals. Nonetheless, truly understanding the role of vitamins in human biology requires more than identifying their deficiencies. Discerning the mechanisms by which vitamins participate in health is necessary to assess risk factors, diagnostics, and treatment options for deficiency in a clinical setting. For researchers, the absence of a vitamin may be used as a tool to understand the importance of the metabolic pathways in which it participates. This review aims to explore the current understanding of the complex relationship between the methyl donating vitamins folate and cobalamin (B12), the universal methyl donor S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM), and inflammatory processes in human disease. First, it outlines the process of single-carbon metabolism in the generation of first methionine and subsequently SAM. Following this, established relationships between folate, B12, and SAM in varying bodily tissues are discussed, with special attention given to their effects on gut inflammation.
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Vitamin B12 Reduces TDP-43 Toxicity by Alleviating Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010082. [PMID: 35052586 PMCID: PMC8773243 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a member of an evolutionarily conserved family of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins that modulate multiple steps in RNA metabolic processes. Cytoplasmic aggregation of TDP-43 in affected neurons is a pathological hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and limbic predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE). Mislocalized and accumulated TDP-43 in the cytoplasm induces mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxidative species (ROS) production. Here, we show that TDP-43- and rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in the human neuronal cell line SH-SY5Y were attenuated by hydroxocobalamin (Hb, vitamin B12 analog) treatment. Although Hb did not affect the cytoplasmic accumulation of TDP-43, Hb attenuated TDP-43-induced toxicity by reducing oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, a shortened lifespan and motility defects in TDP-43-expressing Drosophila were significantly mitigated by dietary treatment with hydroxocobalamin. Taken together, these findings suggest that oral intake of hydroxocobalamin may be a potential therapeutic intervention for TDP-43-associated proteinopathies.
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45
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Geng C, Yang Z, Xu P, Zhang H. Vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with narcolepsy. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2021; 212:107097. [PMID: 34942572 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.107097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Narcolepsy can be defined as a sleep disorder. However, whether changes in the serum vitamin B12 levels are involved in the pathophysiological mechanism of narcolepsy remains unclear. Our study aimed to assess whether vitamin B12 levels are independently related to the occurrence of narcolepsy. METHODS The serum folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine levels of 40 patients with narcolepsy and 40 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC) were retrospectively analyzed. According to the results of the univariate logistic analysis, a multiple logistic regression model was constructed to predict the independent influencing indicators. RESULTS Serum folic acid and vitamin B12 levels in the narcolepsy group were significantly reduced. Moreover, through the sex subgroup, males in the narcolepsy group had lower serum vitamin B12 levels. Multivariate logistic regression revealed serum vitamin B12 to be independently associated with narcolepsy (p < 0.05; odds ratio=0.97; 95% confidence interval: 0.95-0.98). CONCLUSION Decreased serum vitamin B12 levels are independently associated with the development of narcolepsy, which illustrates the complex relationship between vitamin B12 and narcolepsy. Future studies should explore whether vitamin B12 supplementation can improve the symptoms of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Geng
- Henan University People's Hospital; Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Zhenzhen Yang
- Zhengzhou University People's Hospital; Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Henan University People's Hospital; Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Hongju Zhang
- Henan University People's Hospital; Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China; Zhengzhou University People's Hospital; Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
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46
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Barber MS, Barrett R, Bradley RD, Walker E. A naturopathic treatment approach for mild and moderate COVID-19: A retrospective chart review. Complement Ther Med 2021; 63:102788. [PMID: 34748955 PMCID: PMC8570825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to significant morbidity and mortality. Although COVID-19 vaccination is available, therapeutic options are still needed. The goal of the present manuscript is to report on a treatment strategy used in a naturopathic medical practice for mild and moderate COVID-19. DESIGN A retrospective chart review was conducted of 30 consecutive patients diagnosed with mild and moderate COVID-19 who were provided multi-nutrient, herbal, and probiotic treatment in a rural, out-patient, naturopathic primary care setting. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES The primary outcome was treatment safety; secondary outcomes included changes in symptoms, progression to severe COVID-19, incidence of long COVID, and recovery time. RESULTS No side effects or adverse events were reported from treatment and all patients experienced resolution of symptoms presumed to be associated with COVID-19 infection. One patient who had been ill for 28 days prior to presentation was hospitalized. Five patients had an illness duration of more than one month. Time to treatment was correlated with duration of illness post-treatment (r = 0.63, p < 0.001) and more symptoms at presentation was correlated with a longer duration of illness (r = 0.52, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS In this retrospective chart review, a multi-nutrient, herbal, and probiotic therapeutic approach for mild and moderate COVID-19 appeared to be well-tolerated. Delay in seeking treatment after symptom onset, as well as more symptoms at presentation, were correlated with a longer duration of illness. This treatment strategy may have clinical benefit, warranting prospective clinical trials with confirmed COVID-19 cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa S Barber
- National University of Natural Medicine, Helfgott Research Institute, 2220 SW 1st Ave, Portland, OR, United States.
| | - Richard Barrett
- National University of Natural Medicine, Helfgott Research Institute, 2220 SW 1st Ave, Portland, OR, United States.
| | - Ryan D Bradley
- National University of Natural Medicine, Helfgott Research Institute, 2220 SW 1st Ave, Portland, OR, United States.
| | - Erin Walker
- Canby Clinic, 452 NW 1st Ave, Canby, OR, United States.
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47
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The Potential Role of Vitamin B12 in the Prevention of COVID-19 Complications: A Narrative Review. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.15.4.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The elderly are more prone to mortality from COVID-19 infection, as they are susceptible to develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). For COVID-19 patients with ARDS caused by sepsis or septic shock, high-dose parenteral vitamin B12 appears to be a potential new treatment option. Vitamin B12 may play a substantial impact in COVID-19 morbidity and mortality reduction owing to its function in DNA synthesis, cellular control, improvement of anti-inflammatory immune responses, and decrease of pro-inflammatory responses. This review aims to assess the functional role of Vitamin B12 in COVID-19 in terms of its immunomodulatory effect, role in cellular and humoral immunity and maintaining the gut microbe homeostasis. From data inception to June 2021, accessible electronic databases were searched for research/review articles reporting on the function of Vitamin B12 in COVID-19. Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, WHO worldwide research on COVID-19 and the clinical trials registration “https://clinicaltrials.gov/” were used to conduct the systematic search by using keywords: “COVID-19 and “Vitamin B12”. Also, based on these outcomes, it can be concluded that Vitamin B12 may have a potential role in preventing COVID-19 complications. Further, studies evaluating the role of Vitamin B12 in COVID-19 may open a new array of ideas on the optimal and the well-tolerated dose and timing of its administration in COVID-19 patients.
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48
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Mineral Micronutrients in Asthma. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114001. [PMID: 34836256 PMCID: PMC8625329 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma represents one of the most common medical issues in the modern world. It is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by persistent inflammation of the airways and disturbances in redox status, leading to hyperresponsiveness of bronchi and airway obstruction. Apart from classical risk factors such as air pollution, family history, allergies, or obesity, disturbances of the levels of micronutrients lead to impairments in the defense mechanisms of the affected organism against oxidative stress and proinflammatory stimuli. In the present review, the impact of micronutrients on the prevalence, severity, and possible risk factors of asthma is discussed. Although the influence of classical micronutrients such as selenium, copper, or zinc are well known, the effects of those such as iodine or manganese are only rarely mentioned. As a consequence, the aim of this paper is to demonstrate how disturbances in the levels of micronutrients and their supplementation might affect the course of asthma.
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49
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Kaur A, Chaudhary H, Rawat A, Sahu JK, Bhatia P, Verma S, Sankhyan N. Immunoglobulins and Lymphocyte Subsets in Children with Infantile Tremor Syndrome. Indian J Pediatr 2021; 88:1139-1141. [PMID: 34287798 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-021-03838-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this hospital-based, cross-sectional study, immunoglobulin levels and lymphocyte subsets status were evaluated in children with infantile tremor syndrome (ITS) [neurocutaneous infantile B12 deficiency (NIB) syndrome]. Blood samples were drawn at the baseline (n = 28) and at 6 wk (n = 25) after treatment. A low IgG/IgA or IgM was more likely in untreated children than post-treatment (p = 0.0368). Low B cells were observed in 9 (36%), low T cells in 5 (20%), and low NK cells in 2 patients. T cell subset analysis showed low CD4 + helper T cells in 5 (20%) and low CD8 + cytotoxic T cells in 2 patients. Abnormally low percentage of low B cell/T cells/NK cells was more likely in untreated children than post-treatment (p = 0.0165). In conclusion, a proportion of children with ITS have changes in immunoglobulin and T cell subsets not consistent with any clearly defined immune abnormality, and not all such changes revert at 6 wk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanpreet Kaur
- Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Himanshi Chaudhary
- Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amit Rawat
- Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Sahu
- Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Prateek Bhatia
- Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Savita Verma
- Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Naveen Sankhyan
- Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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50
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Zarei M, Rahimi K, Hassanzadeh K, Abdi M, Hosseini V, Fathi A, Kakaei K. From the environment to the cells: An overview on pivotal factors which affect spreading and infection in COVID-19 pandemic. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 201:111555. [PMID: 34197816 PMCID: PMC8236413 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Several factors ranging from environmental risks to the genetics of the virus and that of the hosts, affect the spread of COVID-19. The impact of physicochemical variables on virus vitality and spread should be taken into account in experimental and clinical studies. Another avenue to explore is the effect of diet and its interaction with the immune system on SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality rate. Past year have witnessed extensive studies on virus and pathophysiology of the COVID-19 disease and the cellular mechanisms of virus spreading. However, our knowledge has not reached a level where we plan an efficient therapeutic approach to prevent the virus entry to the cells or decreasing the spreading and morbidity in severe cases of disease. The risk of infection directly correlates with the control of virus spreading via droplets and aerosol transmission, as well as patient immune system response. A key goal in virus restriction and transmission rate is to understand the physicochemical structure of aerosol and droplet formation, and the parameters that affect the droplet-borne and airborne in different environmental conditions. The lifetime of droplets on different surfaces is described based on the contact angle. Hereby, we recommend regular use of high-quality face masks in high temperature and low humidity conditions. However, in humid and cold weather conditions, wearing gloves and frequently hand washing, gain a higher priority. Additionally, social distancing rules should be respected in all aforementioned conditions. We will also discuss different routes of SARS-CoV-2 entry into the cells and how multiple genetic factors play a role in the spread of the virus. Given the role of environmental and nutritional factors, we discuss and recommend some strategies to prevent the disease and protect the population against COVID-19. Since an effective vaccine can prevent the transmission of communicable diseases and abolish pandemics, we added a brief review of candidate SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zarei
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Karim Rahimi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gene Expression and Gene Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kambiz Hassanzadeh
- Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Signaling, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome, 00161, Italy; Department of Biotechnology and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Mohammad Abdi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Vahedeh Hosseini
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ali Fathi
- FUJIFILM Cellular Dynamics, Inc., Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Karim Kakaei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran.
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