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Sampedro-Nuñez M, Herrera-Martínez AD, Ibáñez-Costa A, Rivero-Cortés E, Venegas E, Robledo M, Martínez-Hernández R, García-Martínez A, Gil J, Jordà M, López-Fernández J, Gavilán I, Maraver S, Marqués-Pamies M, Cámara R, Fajardo-Montañana C, Valassi E, Dios E, Aulinas A, Biagetti B, Álvarez Escola C, Araujo-Castro M, Blanco C, Paz DM, Villar-Taibo R, Álvarez CV, Gaztambide S, Webb SM, Castaño L, Bernabéu I, Picó A, Gálvez MÁ, Soto-Moreno A, Puig-Domingo M, Castaño JP, Marazuela M, Luque RM. Integrative clinical, hormonal, and molecular data associate with invasiveness in acromegaly: REMAH study. Eur J Endocrinol 2024; 190:421-433. [PMID: 38701338 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvae045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary tumors (GHomas) are the most common acromegaly cause. At diagnosis, most of them are macroadenomas, and up to 56% display cavernous sinus invasion. Biomarker assessment associated with tumor growth and invasion is important to optimize their management. OBJECTIVES The study aims to identify clinical/hormonal/molecular biomarkers associated with tumor size and invasiveness in GHomas and to analyze the influence of pre-treatment with somatostatin analogs (SSAs) or dopamine agonists (DAs) in key molecular biomarker expression. METHODS Clinical/analytical/radiological variables were evaluated in 192 patients from the REMAH study (ambispective multicenter post-surgery study of the Spanish Society of Endocrinology and Nutrition). The expression of somatostatin/ghrelin/dopamine system components and key pituitary/proliferation markers was evaluated in GHomas after the first surgery. Univariate/multivariate regression studies were performed to identify association between variables. RESULTS Eighty percent of patients harbor macroadenomas (63.8% with extrasellar growth). Associations between larger and more invasive GHomas with younger age, visual abnormalities, higher IGF1 levels, extrasellar/suprasellar growth, and/or cavernous sinus invasion were found. Higher GH1 and lower PRL/POMC/CGA/AVPR1B/DRD2T/DRD2L expression levels (P < .05) were associated with tumor invasiveness. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator's penalized regression identified combinations of clinical and molecular features with areas under the curve between 0.67 and 0.82. Pre-operative therapy with DA or SSAs did not alter the expression of any of the markers analyzed except for DRD1/AVPR1B (up-regulated with DA) and FSHB/CRHR1 (down-regulated with SSAs). CONCLUSIONS A specific combination of clinical/analytical/molecular variables was found to be associated with tumor invasiveness and growth capacity in GHomas. Pre-treatment with first-line drugs for acromegaly did not significantly modify the expression of the most relevant biomarkers in our association model. These findings provide valuable insights for risk stratification and personalized management of GHomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Sampedro-Nuñez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER GCV14/ER/12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aura Dulcinea Herrera-Martínez
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córboba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córboba, Spain
| | - Alejandro Ibáñez-Costa
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córboba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Esther Rivero-Cortés
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córboba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Eva Venegas
- Unidad de Gestión de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mercedes Robledo
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Martínez-Hernández
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER GCV14/ER/12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Araceli García-Martínez
- Alicante General University Hospital-Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Joan Gil
- Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Jordà
- Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith López-Fernández
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Gavilán
- Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar de Cádiz, Department of Endocrinology, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Silvia Maraver
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Rosa Cámara
- Hospital Universitari i Politecnic La Fe, Department of Endocrinology, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Elena Valassi
- Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Dios
- Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Anna Aulinas
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Department of Endocrinology, IIB-Sant Pau, CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Betina Biagetti
- Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Department of Endocrinology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Concepción Blanco
- Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, Department of Endocrinology, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - de Miguel Paz
- Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Department of Endocrinology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Villar-Taibo
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Department of Endocrinology, La Coruña, Spain
| | - Clara V Álvarez
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sonia Gaztambide
- Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), CIBERDEM, CIBERER, EndoERN, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Susan M Webb
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Department of Endocrinology, IIB-Sant Pau, Research Center for Pituitary Diseases, CIBERER, Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Castaño
- Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), CIBERDEM, CIBERER, EndoERN, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ignacio Bernabéu
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Department of Endocrinology, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Antonio Picó
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Alicante General University Hospital, Alicante, Spain
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- University Miguel Hernandez, CIBERER, Alicante, Spain
| | - María-Ángeles Gálvez
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córboba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córboba, Spain
| | - Alfonso Soto-Moreno
- Unidad de Gestión de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manel Puig-Domingo
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute and Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córboba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Mónica Marazuela
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER GCV14/ER/12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córboba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
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Robertson IJ, Gregory TA, Waguespack SG, Penas-Prado M, Majd NK. Recent Therapeutic Advances in Pituitary Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTHERAPY AND PRECISION ONCOLOGY 2023; 6:74-83. [PMID: 37214211 PMCID: PMC10195013 DOI: 10.36401/jipo-22-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Pituitary carcinoma (PC) is a rare, aggressive malignancy that comprises 0.1-0.2% of all pituitary tumors. PC is defined anatomically as a pituitary tumor that metastasizes outside the primary intrasellar location as noncontiguous lesions in the central nervous system or as metastases to other organs. Similar to pituitary adenoma, PC originates from various cell types of the pituitary gland and can be functioning or nonfunctioning, with the former constituting the majority of the cases. Compression of intricate skull-based structures, excessive hormonal secretion, impaired pituitary function from therapy, and systemic metastases lead to debilitating symptoms and a poor survival outcome in most cases. PC frequently recurs despite multimodality treatments, including surgical resection, radiotherapy, and biochemical and cytotoxic treatments. There is an unmet need to better understand the pathogenesis and molecular characterization of PC to improve therapeutic strategies. As our understanding of the role of signaling pathways in the tumorigenesis of and malignant transformation of PC evolves, efforts have focused on targeted therapy. In addition, recent advances in the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors to treat various solid cancers have led to an interest in exploring the role of immunotherapy for the treatment of aggressive refractory pituitary tumors. Here, we review our current understanding of the pathogenesis, molecular characterization, and treatment of PC. Particular attention is given to emerging treatment options, including targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J. Robertson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Timothy A. Gregory
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steven G. Waguespack
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marta Penas-Prado
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nazanin K. Majd
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Szabó B, Németh K, Mészáros K, Krokker L, Likó I, Saskői É, Németh K, Szabó PT, Szücs N, Czirják S, Szalóki G, Patócs A, Butz H. Aspirin Mediates Its Antitumoral Effect Through Inhibiting PTTG1 in Pituitary Adenoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:3066-3079. [PMID: 36059148 PMCID: PMC9681612 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT DNA demethylation and inhibitory effects of aspirin on pituitary cell proliferation have been demonstrated. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to clarify the molecular mechanisms behind the aspirin-related effects in pituitary cells. METHODS DNA methylome and whole transcriptome profile were investigated in RC-4B/C and GH3 pituitary cell lines upon aspirin treatment. Effects of aspirin and a demethylation agent, decitabine, were further tested in vitro. PTTG1 expression in 41 human PitNET samples and whole genome gene and protein expression data of 76 PitNET and 34 control samples (available in Gene Expression Omnibus) were evaluated. RESULTS Aspirin induced global DNA demethylation and consequential transcriptome changes. Overexpression of Tet enzymes and their cofactor Uhrf2 were identified behind the increase of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). Besides cell cycle, proliferation, and migration effects that were validated by functional experiments, aspirin increased Tp53 activity through p53 acetylation and decreased E2f1 activity. Among the p53 controlled genes, Pttg1 and its interacting partners were downregulated upon aspirin treatment by inhibiting Pttg1 promoter activity. 5hmC positively correlated with Tet1-3 and Tp53 expression, and negatively correlated with Pttg1 expression, which was reinforced by the effect of decitabine. Additionally, high overlap (20.15%) was found between aspirin-regulated genes and dysregulated genes in PitNET tissue samples. CONCLUSION A novel regulatory network has been revealed, in which aspirin regulated global demethylation, Tp53 activity, and Pttg1 expression along with decreased cell proliferation and migration. 5hmC, a novel tissue biomarker in PitNET, indicated aspirin antitumoral effect in vitro as well. Our findings suggest the potential beneficial effect of aspirin in PitNET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borbála Szabó
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
- Hereditary Tumours Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences—Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kinga Németh
- Hereditary Tumours Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences—Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Mészáros
- Hereditary Tumours Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences—Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lilla Krokker
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
- Hereditary Tumours Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences—Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Likó
- Hereditary Tumours Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences—Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Saskői
- Department of Molecular Genetics and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, H-1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Németh
- MS Metabolomics Research Group, Centre for Structural Study, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Tamás Szabó
- MS Metabolomics Research Group, Centre for Structural Study, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nikolette Szücs
- Department of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sándor Czirják
- National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, H-1145 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Szalóki
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Patócs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
- Hereditary Tumours Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences—Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Molecular Genetics and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, H-1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Henriett Butz
- Correspondence: Henriett Butz MD, PhD, Hereditary Endocrine Tumours Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, 4. Nagyvárad tér, H-1089, Budapest, Hungary.
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4
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Asuzu DT, Alvarez R, Fletcher PA, Mandal D, Johnson K, Wu W, Elkahloun A, Clavijo P, Allen C, Maric D, Ray-Chaudhury A, Rajan S, Abdullaev Z, Nwokoye D, Aldape K, Nieman LK, Stratakis C, Stojilkovic SS, Chittiboina P. Pituitary adenomas evade apoptosis via noxa deregulation in Cushing's disease. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111223. [PMID: 36001971 PMCID: PMC9527711 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporadic pituitary adenomas occur in over 10% of the population. Hormone-secreting adenomas, including those causing Cushing’s disease (CD), cause severe morbidity and early mortality. Mechanistic studies of CD are hindered by a lack of in vitro models and control normal human pituitary glands. Here, we surgically annotate adenomas and adjacent normal glands in 25 of 34 patients. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of 27594 cells, we identify CD adenoma transcriptomic signatures compared with adjacent normal cells, with validation by bulk RNA-seq, DNA methylation, qRT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry. CD adenoma cells include a subpopulation of proliferating, terminally differentiated corticotrophs. In CD adenomas, we find recurrent promoter hypomethylation and transcriptional upregulation of PMAIP1 (encoding pro-apoptotic BH3-only bcl-2 protein noxa) but paradoxical noxa downregulation. Using primary CD adenoma cell cultures and a corticotroph-enriched mouse cell line, we find that selective proteasomal inhibition with bortezomib stabilizes noxa and induces apoptosis, indicating its utility as an anti-tumor agent. Asuzu et al. perform single-cell transcriptomic profiling in Cushing’s disease (CD) adenomas and find overexpression and DNA hypomethylation of PMAIP1, which encodes the pro-apoptotic protein noxa. Noxa is degraded by the proteasome. Proteasomal inhibition rescues noxa and induces apoptosis in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Asuzu
- Neurosurgery Unit for Pituitary and Inheritable Diseases, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 3D20, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Reinier Alvarez
- Neurosurgery Unit for Pituitary and Inheritable Diseases, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 3D20, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Florida International University Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Patrick A Fletcher
- Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Debjani Mandal
- Neurosurgery Unit for Pituitary and Inheritable Diseases, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 3D20, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kory Johnson
- DIR Bioinformatics Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Abdel Elkahloun
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul Clavijo
- Translational Tumor Immunology Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Clint Allen
- Translational Tumor Immunology Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dragan Maric
- Flow and Imaging Cytometry Core Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Abhik Ray-Chaudhury
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA; Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sharika Rajan
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zied Abdullaev
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Diana Nwokoye
- Neurosurgery Unit for Pituitary and Inheritable Diseases, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 3D20, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kenneth Aldape
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lynnette K Nieman
- Section on Translational Endocrinology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Constantine Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stanko S Stojilkovic
- Section on Cellular Signaling, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Prashant Chittiboina
- Neurosurgery Unit for Pituitary and Inheritable Diseases, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 3D20, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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5
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Moreno-Moreno P, Ibáñez-Costa A, Venegas-Moreno E, Fuentes-Fayos AC, Alhambra-Expósito MR, Fajardo-Montañana C, García-Martínez A, Dios E, Vázquez-Borrego MC, Remón-Ruiz P, Cámara R, Lamas C, Carlos Padillo-Cuenca J, Solivera J, Cano DA, Gahete MD, Herrera-Martínez AD, Picó A, Soto-Moreno A, Gálvez-Moreno MÁ, Castaño JP, Luque RM. Integrative Clinical, Radiological, and Molecular Analysis for Predicting Remission and Recurrence of Cushing Disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e2938-e2951. [PMID: 35312002 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-secreting pituitary tumors (ACTHomas) are associated with severe comorbidities and increased mortality. Current treatments mainly focus on remission and prevention of persistent disease and recurrence. However, there are still no useful biomarkers to accurately predict the clinical outcome after surgery, long-term remission, or disease relapse. OBJECTIVES This work aimed to identify clinical, biochemical, and molecular markers for predicting long-term clinical outcome and remission in ACTHomas. METHODS A retrospective multicenter study was performed with 60 ACTHomas patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2018 with at least 2 years' follow-up. Clinical/biochemical variables were evaluated yearly. Molecular expression profile of the somatostatin/ghrelin/dopamine regulatory systems components and of key pituitary factors and proliferation markers were evaluated in tumor samples after the first surgery. RESULTS Clinical variables including tumor size, time until diagnosis/first surgery, serum prolactin, and postsurgery cortisol levels were associated with tumor remission and relapsed disease. The molecular markers analyzed were distinctly expressed in ACTHomas, with some components (ie, SSTR1, CRHR1, and MKI67) showing instructive associations with recurrence and/or remission. Notably, an integrative model including selected clinical variables (tumor size/postsurgery serum cortisol), and molecular markers (SSTR1/CRHR1) can accurately predict the clinical evolution and remission of patients with ACTHomas, generating a receiver operating characteristic curve with an area under the curve of 1 (P < .001). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that the combination of a set of clinical and molecular biomarkers in ACTHomas is able to accurately predict the clinical evolution and remission of patients. Consequently, the postsurgery molecular profile represents a valuable tool for clinical evaluation and follow-up of patients with ACTHomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Moreno-Moreno
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, IMIBIC, HURS, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Alejandro Ibáñez-Costa
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Eva Venegas-Moreno
- Unidad de Gestión de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio C Fuentes-Fayos
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - María R Alhambra-Expósito
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, IMIBIC, HURS, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Carmen Fajardo-Montañana
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de La Ribera, Alzira, 46600, Valencia, Spain
| | - Araceli García-Martínez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Elena Dios
- Unidad de Gestión de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mari C Vázquez-Borrego
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Pablo Remón-Ruiz
- Unidad de Gestión de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rosa Cámara
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Polytechnic University Hospital La Fe, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Lamas
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Albacete University Hospital, 02006, Albacete, Spain
| | - José Carlos Padillo-Cuenca
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, IMIBIC, HURS, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - David A Cano
- Unidad de Gestión de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Aura D Herrera-Martínez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, IMIBIC, HURS, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Picó
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Alicante General University Hospital. Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL). University Miguel Hernandez, CIBER Rare Diseases, 03010, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alfonso Soto-Moreno
- Unidad de Gestión de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Gálvez-Moreno
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, IMIBIC, HURS, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
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6
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Xu X, Duan S, Hua X, Li Z, He R, Zhang Z. Stable inheritance of H3.3-containing nucleosomes during mitotic cell divisions. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2514. [PMID: 35523900 PMCID: PMC9076889 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30298-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly synthesized H3.1 and H3.3 histones are assembled into nucleosomes by different histone chaperones in replication-coupled and replication-independent pathways, respectively. However, it is not clear how parental H3.3 molecules are transferred following DNA replication, especially when compared to H3.1. Here, by monitoring parental H3.1- and H3.3-SNAP signals, we show that parental H3.3, like H3.1, are stably transferred into daughter cells. Moreover, Mcm2-Pola1 and Pole3-Pole4, two pathways involved in parental histone transfer based upon the analysis of modifications on parental histones, participate in the transfer of both H3.1 and H3.3 following DNA replication. Lastly, we found that Mcm2, Pole3 and Pole4 mutants defective in parental histone transfer show defects in chromosome segregation. These results indicate that in contrast to deposition of newly synthesized H3.1 and H3.3, transfer of parental H3.1 and H3.3 is mediated by these shared mechanisms, which contributes to epigenetic memory of gene expression and maintenance of genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Xu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shoufu Duan
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xu Hua
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhiming Li
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard He
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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7
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Stoczynska-Fidelus E, Węgierska M, Kierasińska A, Ciunowicz D, Rieske P. Role of Senescence in Tumorigenesis and Anticancer Therapy. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:5969536. [PMID: 35342397 PMCID: PMC8956409 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5969536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although the role of senescence in many physiological and pathological processes is becoming more identifiable, many aspects of senescence are still enigmatic. A special attention is paid to the role of this phenomenon in tumor development and therapy. This review mainly deals with a large spectrum of oncological issues, beginning with therapy-induced senescence and ending with oncogene-induced senescence. Moreover, the role of senescence in experimental approaches, such as primary cancer cell culture or reprogramming into stem cells, is also beginning to receive further consideration. Additional focus is made on senescence resulting from mitotic catastrophe processes triggered by events occurring during mitosis and jeopardizing chromosomal stability. It has to be also realized that based on recent findings, the basics of senescent cell property interpretation, such as irreversibility of proliferation blockade, can be undermined. It shows that the definition of senescence probably requires updating. Finally, the role of senescence is lately more understandable in the immune system, especially since senescence can diminish the effectiveness of the chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding all these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Stoczynska-Fidelus
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chair of Medical Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9 St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Węgierska
- Department of Tumor Biology, Chair of Medical Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9 St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Amelia Kierasińska
- Department of Tumor Biology, Chair of Medical Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9 St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Damian Ciunowicz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chair of Medical Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9 St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Rieske
- Department of Tumor Biology, Chair of Medical Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9 St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland
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8
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Elsarrag M, Patel PD, Chatrath A, Taylor D, Jane JA. Genomic and molecular characterization of pituitary adenoma pathogenesis: review and translational opportunities. Neurosurg Focus 2021; 48:E11. [PMID: 32480367 DOI: 10.3171/2020.3.focus20104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Innovations in genomics, epigenomics, and transcriptomics now lay the groundwork for therapeutic interventions against neoplastic disease. In the past 30 years, the molecular pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas has been characterized. This enhanced understanding of the biology of pituitary tumors has potential to impact current treatment paradigms, and there exists significant translational potential for these results. In this review the authors summarize the results of genomics and molecular biology investigations into pituitary adenoma pathogenesis and behavior and discuss opportunities to translate basic science findings into clinical benefit. METHODS The authors searched the PubMed and MEDLINE databases by using combinations of the keywords "pituitary adenoma," "genomics," "pathogenesis," and "epigenomics." From the initial search, additional articles were individually evaluated and selected. RESULTS Pituitary adenoma growth is primarily driven by unrestrained cell cycle progression, deregulation of growth and proliferation pathways, and abnormal epigenetic regulation of gene expression. These pathways may be amenable to therapeutic intervention. A significant number of studies have attempted to establish links between gene mutations and tumor progression, but a thorough mechanistic understanding remains elusive. CONCLUSIONS Although not currently a prominent aspect in the clinical management of pituitary adenomas, genomics and epigenomic studies may become essential in refining patient care and developing novel pharmacological agents. Future basic science investigations should aim at elucidating mechanistic understandings unique to each pituitary adenoma subtype, which will facilitate rational drug design.
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9
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Hong Z, Wang Q, Hong C, Liu M, Qiu P, Lin R, Lin X, Chen F, Li Q, Liu L, Wang C, Chen D. Identification of Seven Cell Cycle-Related Genes with Unfavorable Prognosis and Construction of their TF-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network in Breast Cancer. J Cancer 2021; 12:740-753. [PMID: 33403032 PMCID: PMC7778540 DOI: 10.7150/jca.48245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC), with complex tumorigenesis and progression, remains the most common malignancy in women. We aimed to explore some novel and significant genes with unfavorable prognoses and potential pathways involved in BC initiation and progression via bioinformatics methods. BC tissue-specific microarray datasets of GSE42568, GSE45827 and GSE54002, which included a total of 651 BC tissues and 44 normal breast tissues, were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and 124 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between BC tissues and normal breast tissues via R software and an online Venn diagram tool. Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integration Discovery (DAVID) software showed that 65 upregulated DEGs were mainly enriched in the regulation of the cell cycle, and Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) software identified the 39 closest associated upregulated DEGs in protein-protein interactions (PPIs), which validated the high expression of genes in BC tissues by the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) tool. In addition, 36 out of 39 BC patients showed significantly worse outcomes by Kaplan-Meier plotter (KM plotter), and an additional Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed that seven genes (cyclin E2 (CCNE2), cyclin B1 (CCNB1), cyclin B2 (CCNB2), mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase B (BUB1B), dual-specificity protein kinase (TTK), cell division cycle 20 (CDC20), and pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 (PTTG1)) were markedly enriched in the cell cycle pathway. Analysis of the clinicopathological characteristics of hub genes revealed that seven cell cycle-related genes (CCRGs) were significantly highly expressed in four BC subtypes (luminal A, luminal B, HER2-positive and triple-negative (TNBC)), and except for the CCNE2 gene, high expression levels were significantly associated with tumor pathological grade and stage and metastatic events of BC. Furthermore, genetic mutation analysis indicated that genetic alterations of CCRGs could also significantly affect BC patients' prognosis. A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay found that the seven CCRGs were significantly differentially expressed in BC cell lines. Integration of published multilevel expression data and a bioinformatics computational approach were used to predict and construct a regulation mechanism: a transcription factor (TF)-microRNA (miRNA)-messenger RNA (mRNA) regulation network. The present work is the first to construct a regulatory network of TF-miRNA-mRNA in BC for CCRGs and provides new insights into the molecular mechanism of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Hong
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, P. R. China.,Department of Breast Surgery and General Surgery, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, P. R. China.,Breast Cancer Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, P.R. China
| | - Qinglan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, P. R. China
| | - Chengye Hong
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, P. R. China
| | - Meimei Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, P. R. China
| | - Pengqin Qiu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, P. R. China
| | - Rongrong Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolan Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, P. R. China
| | - Qiuhuang Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, P. R. China
| | - Lingling Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery and General Surgery, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, P. R. China.,Breast Cancer Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, P.R. China
| | - Debo Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, P. R. China
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10
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Mikuła-Pietrasik J, Niklas A, Uruski P, Tykarski A, Książek K. Mechanisms and significance of therapy-induced and spontaneous senescence of cancer cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:213-229. [PMID: 31414165 PMCID: PMC6970957 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03261-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the well-recognized replicative and stress-induced premature senescence of normal somatic cells, mechanisms and clinical implications of senescence of cancer cells are still elusive and uncertain from patient-oriented perspective. Moreover, recent years provided multiple pieces of evidence that cancer cells may undergo senescence not only in response to chemotherapy or ionizing radiation (the so-called therapy-induced senescence) but also spontaneously, without any external insults. Since the molecular nature of the latter process is poorly recognized, the significance of spontaneously senescent cancer cells for tumor progression, therapy effectiveness, and patient survival is purely speculative. In this review, we summarize the most up-to-date research regarding therapy-induced and spontaneous senescence of cancer cells, by delineating the most important discoveries regarding the occurrence of these phenomena in vivo and in vitro. This review provides data collected from studies on various cancer cell models, and the narration is presented from the broader perspective of the most critical findings regarding the senescence of normal somatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Mikuła-Pietrasik
- Department of Hypertensiology, Angiology and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Długa 1/2 Street, 61-848, Poznan, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Niklas
- Department of Hypertensiology, Angiology and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Długa 1/2 Street, 61-848, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Uruski
- Department of Hypertensiology, Angiology and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Długa 1/2 Street, 61-848, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Tykarski
- Department of Hypertensiology, Angiology and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Długa 1/2 Street, 61-848, Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Książek
- Department of Hypertensiology, Angiology and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Długa 1/2 Street, 61-848, Poznan, Poland.
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11
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Methanolic extract of Potentilla fulgens root and its ethyl-acetate fraction delays the process of carcinogenesis in mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16985. [PMID: 31740710 PMCID: PMC6861273 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53747-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
People of north-eastern states of India consume raw areca-nut (RAN) and lime which could lead to oral, esophageal and gastric cancers. However, the incidence of these cancers are significantly lesser in those who consume pieces of Potentilla fulgens root along with RAN. Since evaluation of anticancer role, if any, of P. fulgens on RAN-mediated genetic alterations in human is difficult because of other compounding factors, this study was undertaken in mice to focus on gastric carcinogenesis since ad libitum administration of RAN extract with lime in drinking water induced stomach cancer due to greater exposure of its lining. A total of 160 mice were used at different time points and either methanol extract of P. fulgens roots (PRE) or mixture of four compounds of ethyl-acetate fraction (EA-mixture) was mixed with mice feed. Histological studies revealed that RAN + lime induced cancer in all the mice and interestingly only 20% developed cancer when PRE/EA-mixture was provided along with RAN + lime. Higher frequency of precocious anaphase and over expression of p53 and Securin genes were significantly reduced by PRE/EA-mixture. Thus PRE/EA-mixture mitigates the RAN-induced tumor-initiating process in stomach by maintaining expression of tumor suppressor and check-point genes under control.
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12
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Xiong Z, Li X, Yang Q. PTTG has a Dual Role of Promotion-Inhibition in the Development of Pituitary Adenomas. Protein Pept Lett 2019; 26:800-818. [PMID: 37020362 DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666190722145449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary Tumor Transforming Gene (PTTG) of human is known as a checkpoint gene in the middle and late stages of mitosis, and is also a proto-oncogene that promotes cell cycle progression. In the nucleus, PTTG works as securin in controlling the mid-term segregation of sister chromatids. Overexpression of PTTG, entering the nucleus with the help of PBF in pituitary adenomas, participates in the regulation of cell cycle, interferes with DNA repair, induces genetic instability, transactivates FGF-2 and VEGF and promotes angiogenesis and tumor invasion. Simultaneously, overexpression of PTTG induces tumor cell senescence through the DNA damage pathway, making pituitary adenoma possessing the potential self-limiting ability. To elucidate the mechanism of PTTG in the regulation of pituitary adenomas, we focus on both the positive and negative function of PTTG and find out key factors interacted with PTTG in pituitary adenomas. Furthermore, we discuss other possible mechanisms correlate with PTTG in pituitary adenoma initiation and development and the potential value of PTTG in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zujian Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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13
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Zhao S, Li J, Feng J, Li Z, Liu Q, Lv P, Wang F, Gao H, Zhang Y. Identification of Serum miRNA-423-5p Expression Signature in Somatotroph Adenomas. Int J Endocrinol 2019; 2019:8516858. [PMID: 31391849 PMCID: PMC6662485 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8516858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating miRNAs are novel disease biomarkers that are valuable for diagnosis and prognosis. But the circulating miRNAs profile in somatotroph adenomas is still unknown. Therefore, serum exosomal miRNAs expression profiling in somatotroph adenomas was performed on 6 somatotroph adenomas and 6 normal controls. From the exosomal miRNAs expression profiling, we found 169 miRNAs differently expressed between somatotroph adenomas and healthy pituitary samples (p< 0.05, FC > 2). Among the 169 miRNAs, miR-423-5p was expressed lower in somatotroph adenomas than in healthy pituitary samples, which was proved by miRSCan Panel Chip™ qPCR. PTTG1 and SYT1 were the target mRNAs of miR-423-5p, and transcriptomics and proteomics profile both indicated the high expression of PTTG1 and SYT1 in somatotroph adenomas. H-scores were 223.1 ± 34.7 for PTTG1 and 163.4 ± 42.3 for SYT1 in 62 somatotroph adenomas specimens and 84.2 ± 21.3 for PTTG1 and 47.4 ± 17.2 for SYT1 in 6 healthy pituitary specimens by IHC. miR-423-5p inhibited the expression of SYT1 and PTTG1 at the mRNA and protein levels. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay shown was significantly reduced in the presence of miR-423-5p in GH3 cells transfected with wild-type PTTG1 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid but not reduced when transfected with the mutation PTTG1 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid (p<0.01). In vitro experiments showed that miR-423-5p induced cell apoptosis, inhibited cell proliferation, and reduced growth hormone release and migration of GH3 cells. The activity of miR-423-5p in GH3 cell was nearly blocked by its inhibitor. These results verified the central role of low miR-423-5p in promoting tumorigenesis in somatotroph adenomas. PTTG1 may act as biomarkers for clinical treatment of somatotroph adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sida Zhao
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenye Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Lv
- Chinese Medical Association, Beijing 100710, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Hua Gao
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yazhuo Zhang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Brain Tumor Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury Research, Beijing, China
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14
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Romero Arenas MA, Perrier ND. ASO Author Reflections: PTTG1 Protein Expression in Adrenocortical Carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2018; 26:533-534. [PMID: 30519761 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-018-7043-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minerva Angélica Romero Arenas
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Nancy D Perrier
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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15
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Bioinformatics analysis of non-synonymous variants in the KLF genes related to cardiac diseases. Gene 2018; 650:68-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.01.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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16
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Xiang W, Wu X, Huang C, Wang M, Zhao X, Luo G, Li Y, Jiang G, Xiao X, Zeng F. PTTG1 regulated by miR-146a-3p promotes bladder cancer migration, invasion, metastasis and growth. Oncotarget 2018; 8:664-678. [PMID: 27893422 PMCID: PMC5352187 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1 (PTTG1) is identified as an oncogene, and overexpresses in many tumors. However, the role of PTTG1 in bladder cancer (BC) hasn't yet been characterized well. In this study, we showed the expression of PTTG1 mRNA and protein were both significantly increased in BC tissues and cells. The PTTG1 protein levels were positive correlated with increased tumor size, tumor–node–metastasis (TNM) stage, lymphatic invasion and distant metastasis of BC. PTTG1 knockdown dramatically suppressed the migration, invasion, metastasis and growth, and induced senescence and cell-cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase of BC cells. We further identified PTTG1 was the direct target of miR-146a-3p through using target prediction algorithms and luciferase reporter assay. miR-146a-3p was low expressed and negatively correlated with PTTG1 levels in BC tissues and cells. miR-146a-3p overexpression inhibited migration, invasion, metastasis and growth, and induced senescence of BC cells. Rescue experiment suggested ectopic expression of miR-146a-3p and PTTG1 suppressed migration, invasion and induced cell cycle arrest and senescence of BC cells compared to PTTG1 overexpression, confirming miR-146a-3p inhibited BC progression by targeting PTTG1. In summary, our study found miR-146a-3p/PTTG1 axis regulated BC migration, invasion, metastasis and growth, and might be a targets for BC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China.,Department of Urology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Xinchao Wu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Xian Zhao
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Gang Luo
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yawei Li
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Guosong Jiang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Xingyuan Xiao
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Fuqing Zeng
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
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Romero Arenas MA, Whitsett TG, Aronova A, Henderson SA, LoBello J, Habra MA, Grubbs EG, Lee JE, Sircar K, Zarnegar R, Scognamiglio T, Fahey TJ, Perrier ND, Demeure MJ. Protein Expression of PTTG1 as a Diagnostic Biomarker in Adrenocortical Carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2017; 25:801-807. [PMID: 29218429 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-017-6297-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) has a poor prognosis and there is an unmet clinical need for biomarkers to improve both diagnostic and prognostic assessment. Pituitary-tumor transforming gene (PTTG1) has been shown to modulate cancer invasiveness and response to therapy. The potential role of PTTG1 protein levels in ACC has not been previously addressed. We assessed whether increased nuclear protein expression of PTTG1 distinguished ACCs from adrenocortical adenomas (ACAs). METHODS Patients with ACC or ACA were identified from prospective tissue banks at two independent institutions. Two tissue microarrays (TMAs) consisting of adrenal specimens from 131 patients were constructed and clinically annotated. Immunohistochemical analysis for PTTG1 and Ki-67 was performed on each TMA. RESULTS TMA-1 (n = 80) contained 20 normal adrenals, 20 ACAs, and 40 ACCs, and the validation, TMA-2 (n = 51), consisted of 10 normal adrenals, 14 ACAs, and 27 ACCs. On TMA-1, nuclear staining of PTTG1 was detected in 12 (31%) ACC specimens, while all ACAs and normal adrenal glands were negative for PTTG1. On TMA-2, 20 (74%) of the ACC tumors demonstrated PTTG1 nuclear staining of PTTG1, and 13 (93%) ACA and 4 (44%) normal adrenal glands were negative for PTTG1. ACC tumors with increased PTTG1 protein staining had a significantly higher Ki-67 index (p < 0.001) than those with lower levels of PTTG1. CONCLUSIONS Increased nuclear protein expression of PTTG1 was observed in malignant adrenal tumors. PTTG1 correlated with Ki-67 in two independent TMAs. PTTG1 is a promising biologic marker in the evaluation of adrenal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Aronova
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Janine LoBello
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - Jeffrey E Lee
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kanishka Sircar
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - Nancy D Perrier
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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18
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Yan T, Shi X, Fu J. Identification of peptide-mediated interactions between human PTTG and SH3 domains in pALL gene expression profile. J Mol Graph Model 2017; 76:11-16. [PMID: 28667917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human pituitary tumor-transforming gene (PTTG) plays an essential role in the development and progression of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (pALL). PTTG has two SH3-binding peptide motifs that can be recognized by a variety of SH3-containing proteins in the pALL through peptide-mediated interactions. In this study, the gene expression profile of pALL was examined in detail by integrating computational modeling and experimental assay, aiming to identify those potential partner proteins of human PTTG. The binding potency of domain candidates to peptide motifs was ranked using knowledge-based scoring and fluorescence titration. A number of SH3 domains found in a variety of pALL proteins were identified as potent binders with moderate or high affinity for PTTG. It is revealed that the PTTG peptide motifs show different affinity profiles for various candidate proteins, indicating that the PTTG selectivity is optimized across pALL gene expression space. The PTTG peptides were then mutated rationally to target the SH3 domains of identified partner proteins by competing with the native peptide motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an 223002, PR China.
| | - Xiangxiang Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an 223002, PR China
| | - Jing Fu
- ICU, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an 223002, PR China
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19
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Noll JE, Vandyke K, Hewett DR, Mrozik KM, Bala RJ, Williams SA, Kok CH, Zannettino AC. PTTG1 expression is associated with hyperproliferative disease and poor prognosis in multiple myeloma. J Hematol Oncol 2015; 8:106. [PMID: 26445238 PMCID: PMC4595141 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-015-0209-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable haematological malignancy characterised by the clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells within the bone marrow. We have previously identified pituitary tumour transforming gene 1 (Pttg1) as a gene that is significantly upregulated in the haematopoietic compartment of the myeloma-susceptible C57BL/KaLwRij mouse strain, when compared with the myeloma-resistant C57BL/6 mouse. Over-expression of PTTG1 has previously been associated with malignant progression and an enhanced proliferative capacity in solid tumours. Methods In this study, we investigated PTTG1 gene and protein expression in MM plasma cells from newly diagnosed MM patients. Gene expression profiling was used to identify gene signatures associated with high PTTG1 expression in MM patients. Additionally, we investigated the effect of short hairpin ribonucleic acid (shRNA)-mediated PTTG1 knockdown on the proliferation of the murine myeloma plasma cell line 5TGM1 in vitro and in vivo. Results PTTG1 was found to be over-expressed in 36–70 % of MM patients, relative to normal controls, with high PTTG1 expression being associated with poor patient outcomes (hazard ratio 2.49; 95 % CI 1.28 to 4.86; p = 0.0075; log-rank test). In addition, patients with high PTTG1 expression exhibited increased expression of cell proliferation-associated genes including CCNB1, CCNB2, CDK1, AURKA, BIRC5 and DEPDC1. Knockdown of Pttg1 in 5TGM1 cells decreased cellular proliferation, without affecting cell cycle distribution or viability, and decreased expression of Ccnb1, Birc5 and Depdc1 in vitro. Notably, Pttg1 knockdown significantly reduced MM tumour development in vivo, with an 83.2 % reduction in tumour burden at 4 weeks (p < 0.0001, two-way ANOVA). Conclusions This study supports a role for increased PTTG1 expression in augmenting tumour development in a subset of MM patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13045-015-0209-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline E Noll
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide and Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Kate Vandyke
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide and Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia. .,SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Duncan R Hewett
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide and Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Krzysztof M Mrozik
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide and Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Rachel J Bala
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide and Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Sharon A Williams
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide and Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Chung H Kok
- Leukaemia Research Group, Cancer Theme, SAHMRI, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Andrew Cw Zannettino
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide and Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia. .,Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Cancer Theme, Level 5 South, SAHMRI, PO Box 11060, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
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Li L, Han LY, Yu M, Zhou Q, Xu JC, Li P. Pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1 enhances metastases of cervical cancer cells through miR-3666-regulated ZEB1. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:10.1007/s13277-015-4047-1. [PMID: 26383522 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Early cancer metastases often occur in cervical cancer (CC) patients, resulting in poor prognosis and poor therapeutic outcome after resection of primary cancer. Hence, there is a compelling requirement for elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the CC cell invasiveness. Recently, the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) and pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1 (Pttg1) in the carcinogenesis of CC has been reported. Nevertheless, the relationship between miRNAs and Pttg1 remains ill-defined. Here, we showed that the levels of miR-3666 were significantly decreased and the levels of zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) and Pttg1 were significantly increased in the CC specimens from patients, compared to the paired non-tumor tissue. Moreover, the levels of miR-3666 and ZEB1 inversely correlated. Bioinformatics analyses showed that miR-3666 targeted the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of ZEB1 messenger RNA (mRNA) to inhibit its translation, which was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, Pttg1 overexpression inhibited miR-3666 and subsequently increased ZEB1 and cell invasion, while Pttg1 depletion increased miR-3666 and subsequently decreased ZEB1 and cell invasion. Together, our data suggest that Pttg1 may increase CC cell metastasis, possibly through miR-3666-regulated ZEB1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Li-Ying Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China.
| | - Ming Yu
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jian-Cheng Xu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Ping Li
- Doctrine Department, Chinese Medical Schools, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
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21
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Lin YH, Tian Y, Wang JS, Jiang YG, Luo Y, Chen YT. Pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1 regulates invasion of prostate cancer cells through MMP13. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:15495-15500. [PMID: 26201898 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3796-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It is critical to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the migration and invasiveness of prostate cancer (PC) for improving the outcome of therapy. A relationship of pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1 (Pttg1) and matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) in PC as well as their roles in the metastases of PC has not been studied. Here, we reported significantly higher levels of Pttg1 and MMP13 in the resected PC specimens, compared to the adjacent normal prostate tissue from the same patient. Interestingly, Pttg1 and MMP13 levels strongly correlated with each other. In vitro, Pttg1 activated MMP13, which determined PC cell invasiveness. However, Pttg1 levels were not significantly affected by MMP13. Furthermore, the Pttg1-activated MMP13 in PC cells was significantly suppressed by inhibition of PI3k/Akt, but not ERK/MAPK or JNK pathways. Together, our data suggest that Pttg1 may increase PC cell metastasis by MMP13, and highlight Pttg1/MMP13 axis as a promising therapeutic target for PC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hua Lin
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University of China, No.2 Anzhen Road, Beijing, 100029, China,
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22
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Figueroa JA, Reidy A, Mirandola L, Trotter K, Suvorava N, Figueroa A, Konala V, Aulakh A, Littlefield L, Grizzi F, Rahman RL, R. Jenkins M, Musgrove B, Radhi S, D'Cunha N, D'Cunha LN, Hermonat PL, Cobos E, Chiriva-Internati M. Chimeric Antigen Receptor Engineering: A Right Step in the Evolution of Adoptive Cellular Immunotherapy. Int Rev Immunol 2015; 34:154-87. [PMID: 25901860 DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2015.1018419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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23
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MiRNA-494 inhibits metastasis of cervical cancer through Pttg1. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:7143-9. [PMID: 25877755 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3440-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Many cervical cancer (CC) patients experience early cancer metastasis, resulting in poor therapeutic outcome after resection of primary cancer. Hence, there is a compelling requirement for understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the invasiveness control of CC. Pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1 (Pttg1) has been recently reported to promote cancer cell growth and metastasis in a number of various tumors. However, its regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs) as well as its role in CC have not been clarified. Here, we reported significantly higher levels of Pttg1 and significantly lower levels of miR-494 in the resected CC tissue, compared with the adjacent normal cervical tissue from the same patient. Interestingly, Pttg1 levels inversely correlated with miR-494 levels. In vitro, Pttg1 levels determined CC cell invasiveness and were inhibited by miR-494 levels. However, miR-494 levels were not affected by Pttg1 levels. Furthermore, miR-494 inhibited Pttg1 expression in CC cells, through directly binding and inhibition on 3'-UTR of Pttg1 mRNA. Together, our data suggest that Pttg1 may increase CC cell metastasis, which is negatively regulated by miR-494. Our work thus highlights a novel molecular regulatory machinery in metastasis of CC.
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24
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Kurkalang S, Banerjee A, Dkhar H, Nongrum HB, Ganguly B, Islam M, Rangad GM, Chatterjee A. Precocious anaphase and expression of Securin and p53 genes as candidate biomarkers for the early detection in areca nut-induced carcinogenesis. Mutagenesis 2014; 30:381-9. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geu083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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25
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Karra H, Repo H, Ahonen I, Löyttyniemi E, Pitkänen R, Lintunen M, Kuopio T, Söderström M, Kronqvist P. Cdc20 and securin overexpression predict short-term breast cancer survival. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:2905-13. [PMID: 24853182 PMCID: PMC4056061 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cdc20 is an essential component of cell division and responsible for anaphase initiation regulated by securin degradation. Cdc20 function is strongly regulated by the spindle assembly checkpoint to ensure the timely separation of sister chromatids and integrity of the genome. We present the first results on Cdc20 in a large clinical breast cancer material. METHODS The study was based on 445 breast cancer patients with up to 20 years of follow-up (mean 10.0 years). DNA content was determined by image cytometry on cell imprints, and Cdc20 and securin immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays of breast cancer tissue. RESULTS In our results, high Cdc20 and securin expression was associated with aneuploid DNA content. In prognostic analyses, high Cdc20 immunoexpression alone and in combination with high securin immunoexpression indicated aggressive course of disease and up to 6.8-fold (P<0.001) risk of breast cancer death. Particularly, high Cdc20 and securin immunoexpression identified a patient subgroup with extremely short, on average 2.4 years, breast cancer survival and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype. CONCLUSIONS We report for the first time the association of high Cdc20 and securin immunoexpression with extremely poor outcome of breast cancer patients. Our experience indicates that Cdc20 and securin are promising candidates for clinical applications in breast cancer prognostication, especially in the challenging prognostic decisions of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Karra
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - H Repo
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - I Ahonen
- Department of Medical Statistics, Medical Faculty, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - E Löyttyniemi
- Department of Medical Statistics, Medical Faculty, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - R Pitkänen
- Department of Pathology, Jyväskylä Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - M Lintunen
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - T Kuopio
- Department of Pathology, Jyväskylä Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - M Söderström
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - P Kronqvist
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland
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26
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Li Y, Zhou LP, Ma P, Sui CG, Meng FD, Tian X, Fu LY, Jiang YH. Relationship of PTTG Expression with Tumor Invasiveness and Microvessel Density of Pituitary Adenomas: A Meta-Analysis. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2014; 18:279-85. [PMID: 24611443 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2013.0447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Molecular Oncology Department of Cancer Research Institution, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ping Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Ma
- Molecular Oncology Department of Cancer Research Institution, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Guang Sui
- Molecular Oncology Department of Cancer Research Institution, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan-Dong Meng
- Molecular Oncology Department of Cancer Research Institution, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Tian
- Molecular Oncology Department of Cancer Research Institution, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ye Fu
- Molecular Oncology Department of Cancer Research Institution, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Hong Jiang
- Molecular Oncology Department of Cancer Research Institution, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Correlations of pituitary tumor transforming gene expression with human pituitary adenomas: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90396. [PMID: 24594688 PMCID: PMC3942425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG) is an important paracrine growth factor involved in early lactotrope transformation and early onset of angiogenesis in pituitary hyperplasia. Emerging evidences have shown that PTTG expression may contribute to the etiology of pituitary adenomas; but individually published studies showed inconclusive results. This meta-analysis aimed to derive a more precise estimation of the correlations of PTTG expression with human pituitary adenomas. METHODS A range of electronic databases were searched: MEDLINE (1966∼2013), the Cochrane Library Database (Issue 12, 2013), EMBASE (1980∼2013), CINAHL (1982∼2013), Web of Science (1945∼2013) and the Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM) (1982∼2013) without language restrictions. Meta-analysis was performed using the STATA 12.0 software. Crude odds ratio (OR) or standard mean difference (SMD) with its corresponding 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated. RESULTS Twenty-four clinical cohort studies were included with a total of 1,464 pituitary adenomas patients. The meta-analysis results revealed that patients with invasive pituitary adenomas had higher positive expression of PTTG than those of non-invasive patients (OR = 6.68, 95%CI = 3.72-11.99, P<0.001). We also found a significant difference in microvessel density between invasive and non-invasive patients (SMD = 1.81, 95%CI = 0.39-3.23, P = 0.013). However, there were no significant difference in PTTG expression between functional and non-functional patients with pituitary adenomas (OR = 1.11, 95%CI = 0.58-2.10, P = 0.753). No publication bias was detected in this meta-analysis (all P>0.05). CONCLUSION This present meta-analysis suggests that PTTG expression may be associated with tumor invasiveness and microvessel density of pituitary adenomas, while no correlations with functional status was found.
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Brown PD, Blanchard M, Jethwa K, Flemming KD, Brown CA, Kline RW, Jacobson DJ, St. Sauver J, Pollock BE, Garces YI, Stafford SL, Link MJ, Erickson D, Foote RL, Laack NN. The incidence of cerebrovascular accidents and second brain tumors in patients with pituitary adenoma: a population-based study. Neurooncol Pract 2014; 1:22-28. [PMID: 26034611 PMCID: PMC4369699 DOI: 10.1093/nop/npt001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the risk of cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs) and second brain tumors (SBTs) in patients with pituitary adenoma after surgery or radiotherapy. METHODS A cohort of 143 people from Olmsted County, who were diagnosed with pituitary adenoma between 1933 and 2000, was studied. Only patients from Olmsted County were included because of the unique nature of medical care in Olmsted County, which allows the ascertainment of virtually all cases of pituitary adenoma for this community's residents and comparisons to the general population in the county. Surgical resection was performed in 76 patients, 29 patients underwent radiotherapy (with 21 undergoing both surgery and radiotherapy), 5 patients were reirradiated, and 59 patients were managed conservatively and observed. RESULTS Median follow-up was 15.5 years. There was no difference in CVA-free survival between treatment groups. On univariate analysis age > 60 years (hazard ratio [HR], 11.93; 95% CI, 6.26-23.03; P < .001); male sex (HR, 3.67; 95% CI, 2.03-6.84; P < .001), and reirradiation (HR, 3.41; 95% CI, 1.05-9.68; P = .04) were associated with worse CVA-free survival. In multivariate analysis, only age > 60 years was associated with worse CVA-free survival. Compared with the general population, there was a 4-fold increase in the rate of CVAs in pituitary adenoma patients (HR, 4.2; 95% CI, 2.8-6.1). Two patients developed SBT (an irradiated patient and a surgically managed patient). CONCLUSION CVA is a significant risk for patients with pituitary tumors, but treatment does not seem to impact the risk. Even with long-term follow-up, SBTs are a rare event regardless of treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D. Brown
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (P.D.B.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, New York (P.D.B., M.B., C.A.B., R.W.K., B.E.P., Y.I.G., S.L.S., R.L.F., N.N.I.L.); School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota (K.J.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, New York (K.D.F.); Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, New York (D.J.J., J.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, New York (B.E.P., M.J.L.); Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, New York (D.E.)
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Analysis of regulatory networks constructed based on gene coexpression in pituitary adenoma. J Genet 2013; 92:489-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-013-0299-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Gene expression profiling and pathway analysis of hepatotoxicity induced by triptolide in Wistar rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 58:495-505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Expression of pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG) in human pituitary macroadenomas. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:1559-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0686-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Tseng HH, Chuah QY, Yang PM, Chen CT, Chao JC, Lin MD, Chiu SJ. Securin enhances the anti-cancer effects of 6-methoxy-3-(3',4',5'-trimethoxy-benzoyl)-1H-indole (BPR0L075) in human colorectal cancer cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36006. [PMID: 22563433 PMCID: PMC3338557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BPR0L075 [6-methoxy-3-(3′,4′,5′-trimethoxy-benzoyl)-1H-indole] is a novel anti-microtubule drug with anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic activities in vitro and in vivo. Securin is required for genome stability, and is expressed abundantly in most cancer cells, promoting cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. In this study, we found that BPR0L075 efficiently induced cell death of HCT116 human colorectal cancer cells that have higher expression levels of securin. The cytotoxicity of BPR0L075 was attenuated in isogenic securin-null HCT116 cells. BPR0L075 induced DNA damage response, G2/M arrest, and activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint in HCT116 cells. Interestingly, BPR0L075 induced phosphorylation of securin. BPR0L075 withdrawal resulted in degradation of securin, mitotic exit, and mitotic catastrophe, which were attenuated in securin-null cells. Inhibition of cdc2 decreased securin phosphorylation, G2/M arrest and cell death induced by BPR0L075. Moreover, BPR0L075 caused cell death through a caspase-independent mechanism and activation of JNK and p38 MAPK pathways. These findings provided evidence for the first time that BPR0L075 treatment is beneficial for the treatment of human colorectal tumors with higher levels of securin. Thus, we suggest that the expression levels of securin may be a predictive factor for application in anti-cancer therapy with BPR0L075 in human cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Hsing Tseng
- Department of Life Science, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan R.O.C.
| | - Qiu-Yu Chuah
- Department of Life Science, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan R.O.C.
| | - Pei-Ming Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C.
| | - Chiung-Tong Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan R.O.C.
| | - Jung-Chi Chao
- Department of Life Science, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan R.O.C.
| | - Ming-Der Lin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetic, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan R.O.C.
| | - Shu-Jun Chiu
- Department of Life Science, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan R.O.C.
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Genome instability is a hallmark of cancer cells and how it arises is still not completely understood. Correct chromosome segregation is a pre-requisite for preserving genome integrity. Cohesin helps to ensure faithful chromosome segregation during cell cycle, however, much evidence regarding its functions have come to light over the last few years and suggest that cohesin plays multiple roles in the maintenance of genome stability. Here we review our rapidly increasing knowledge on the involvement of cohesin pathway in genome stability and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Mannini
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche, Pisa, Italy
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Chen C, Li H, Xie Q, Shang H, Ji J, Bai S, Cao Y, Ma Y, Bi Y. Transcriptional profiling of host gene expression in chicken liver tissues infected with oncogenic Marek's disease virus. J Gen Virol 2011; 92:2724-2733. [PMID: 21832007 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.034066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Marek's disease virus (MDV), one of the most potent oncogenic herpesviruses, leads to highly contagious immunosuppressive and neoplastic disease in susceptible chickens. Previous studies mainly focused on the roles of host genes modulated by MDV in the virological rather than the neoplastic stage of disease. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis in Marek's disease further, a microarray analysis with Affymetrix Gene-Chip Chicken Genome Arrays was performed in a non-lymphoid tissue liver during the neoplastic stage. Of the 32 773 chicken transcriptions arrayed on a chip, 269 genes were significantly differentially expressed during the neoplastic stage caused by MDV infection (upregulated, 175; downregulated, 94). The altered genomic expression of 15 randomly selected genes was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. Biological functions and pathways of the group of 269 differentially expressed genes were analysed by using a bioinformatics tool (ipa, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis). The results revealed that 19 possible gene networks with intermolecular connections and 22 significant metabolic and signalling pathways (P≤0.05) among 137 differentially expressed genes. These 137 genes were classified into a number of functional groups that included genetic disorder, cancer, cellular growth and proliferation, and cell death. In summary, the investigation of global host-gene expression, providing the biological functions of differentially expressed genes in lymphoid tumours of the liver in response to MDV infections, may contribute to a basic understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in tumorigenesis following MDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiying Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Hongmei Li
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Huiqin Shang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Jun Ji
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Siwei Bai
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Yongchang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yulin Ma
- Department of Animal and Food Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Yingzuo Bi
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
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Petibone DM, Kulkarni RM, Chang CW, Chen JJ, Morris SM. Evaluation of p53 genotype on gene expression in the testis, liver, and heart from male C57BL/6 mice. Transgenic Res 2011; 21:257-63. [PMID: 21656205 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-011-9526-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Our laboratory is conducting experiments designed to characterize the role of p53 in gene expression in the TSG-p53® mouse model. In the study reported here, gene expression levels in tissue derived from the testis, liver, and heart of male, 8-9 week old, p53 wild-type (WT), heterozygous (HET) or knockout (KO) mice were determined utilizing a targeted qPCR 84-gene array. The heart, liver and testis were selected because of the unique function and rate of cell division of each tissue. The genes on the arrays were categorized into three Functional Gene Groups, Apoptosis, Cell-Cycle and DNA Repair. Differences in expression of the functional groups were determined by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and significant (P < 0.05) differences in their expression were found among the heart, liver and testis. Further, the expression of the Functional Gene Groups in each of these tissues was also significantly affected by p53 genotype. These data indicate that gene expression in unperturbed tissue is influenced by the status of p53 genotype, and relates, at least partially, to the function of the tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayton M Petibone
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, AR, USA.
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Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the DNA repair gene LIG3 and acute adverse skin reactions following radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2011; 99:231-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2011.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Abstract
Cohesin is a conserved multisubunit protein complex with diverse cellular roles, making key contributions to the coordination of chromosome segregation, the DNA damage response and chromatin regulation by epigenetic mechanisms. Much has been learned in recent years about the roles of cohesin in a physiological context, whereas its potential and emerging role in tumour initiation and/or progression has received relatively little attention. In this Opinion article we examine how cohesin deregulation could contribute to cancer development on the basis of its physiological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Xu
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 8006, Australia
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Chen WS, Yu YC, Lee YJ, Chen JH, Hsu HY, Chiu SJ. Depletion of securin induces senescence after irradiation and enhances radiosensitivity in human cancer cells regardless of functional p53 expression. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010; 77:566-74. [PMID: 20457353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2009] [Revised: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiotherapy is one of the best choices for cancer treatment. However, various tumor cells exhibit resistance to irradiation-induced apoptosis. The development of new strategies to trigger cancer cell death besides apoptosis is necessary. This study investigated the role of securin in radiation-induced apoptosis and senescence in human cancer cells. METHODS AND MATERIALS Cell survival was determined using clonogenic assays. Western blot analysis was used to analyze levels of securin, caspase-3, PARP, p53, p21, Rb, gamma-H2AX, and phospho-Chk2. Senescent cells were analyzed using a beta-galactosidase staining assay. A securin-expressed vector (pcDNA-securin) was stably transfected into securin-null HCT116 cells. Securin gene knockdown was performed by small interfering RNA and small hairpin RNA in HCT116 and MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively. RESULTS Radiation was found to induce apoptosis in securin wild type HCT116 cells but induced senescence in securin-null cells. Restoration of securin reduced senescence and increased cell survival in securin-null HCT116 cells after irradiation. Radiation-induced gamma-H2AX and Chk2 phosphorylation were induced transiently in securin-wild-type cells but exhibited sustained activation in securin-null cells. Securin gene knockdown switches irradiation-induced apoptosis to senescence in both HCT116 p53-null and MDA-MB-231 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that the level of securin expression plays a determining role in the radiosensitivity and fate of cells. Depletion of securin impairs DNA repair after irradiation, increasing DNA damage and promoting senescence in the residual surviving cells regardless of functional p53 expression. The knockdown of securin may contribute to a novel radiotherapy protocol for the treatment of human cancer cells that are resistant to irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Shu Chen
- Department of Life Science, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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Salehi F, Kovacs K, Scheithauer BW, Cantelmi D, Horvath E, Lloyd RV, Cusimano M. Immunohistochemical expression of pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG) in pituitary adenomas: a correlative study of tumor subtypes. Int J Surg Pathol 2010; 18:5-13. [PMID: 20106827 DOI: 10.1177/1066896909356105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the correlation between immunohistochemical expression of the pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG) and pituitary adenoma subtype. METHODS Pituitary adenomas (n = 89) were stained for PTTG using the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method and a monoclonal PTTG antibody. RESULTS PTTG staining was found to be cytoplasmic with a pronounced paranuclear expression pattern. Reactivity was highest in growth hormone (GH) adenomas as compared with other tumors, including prolactin (PRL), follicle-stimulating hormone/luteinizing hormone/alpha subunit, as well as adrenocorticotrophic hormone-secreting adenomas. PRL adenomas exhibited the lowest expression levels. Among GH adenomas, untreated tumors demonstrated significantly higher PTTG levels than octreotide-treated examples. Although dopamine agonist-treated PRL adenomas tended to show lower expression levels, statistical significance was not reached. CONCLUSIONS Our finding that PTTG was differentially expressed in pituitary adenoma subtypes suggests a cell-specific function for PTTG. Moreover, treatment of GH adenomas with somatostatin analogues lowered PTTG expression. Further investigation into mechanisms mediating cell-specific expression of PTTG is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Salehi
- St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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40
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Gatzidou E, Michailidi C, Tseleni-Balafouta S, Theocharis S. An epitome of DNA repair related genes and mechanisms in thyroid carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2010; 290:139-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2009] [Revised: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 08/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Sánchez-Ortiga R, Sánchez Tejada L, Peiró Cabrera G, Moreno-Pérez O, Arias Mendoza N, Ignacio Aranda López F, Picó Alfonso A. Papel de pituitary tumour-transforming gene (PTTG) en los adenomas hipofisarios. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 57:28-34. [DOI: 10.1016/s1575-0922(10)70006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Abstract
Background: Securin is a recently recognised oncogene with multiple known functions in initiation, progression and cell cycle regulation in several malignant diseases, including breast carcinoma. Methods: In this paper, the prognostic value of securin is evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 310 patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer during a mammographic screening programme in Central Finland. All patients were directed to modern surgical and oncological treatments and were followed up for a maximum of 20 years. Results: Our results suggest that securin immunopositivity is an independent prognosticator of invasive breast cancer. In our study, securin predicted breast cancer-specific survival among all cases of invasive breast cancer and subgroups divided according to histological type, Ki-67 proliferation status and tumour size. Especially in a multivariate analysis standardised for axillary lymph node status, patient's age and tumour size at the time of diagnosis, securin immunopositivity indicated a 13.1-fold risk of breast cancer death (P=0.024) among invasive ductal breast carcinomas with low Ki-67 positivity. Conclusion: Our present and previous results suggest that securin could be useful in clinical pathology to intensify the power of the established prognosticators of invasive breast cancer and, especially, to assist in identifying patients with a more favourable outcome than that indicated by Ki-67 alone.
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Morettin A, Ward A, Nantais J, Hudson JW. Gene expression patterns in heterozygous Plk4 murine embryonic fibroblasts. BMC Genomics 2009; 10:319. [PMID: 19607708 PMCID: PMC2727538 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2008] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The polo-like kinases (Plks) are a group of serine/threonine kinases which have roles in many aspects of cellular function including the regulation of mitotic activity and cellular stress responses. This study focuses on Plk4, the most divergent member of the Plk family, which is necessary for proper cellular proliferation. More specifically, alterations in Plk4 levels cause significantly adverse mitotic defects including abnormal centrosome duplication and aberrant mitotic spindle formation. We sought to clarify the effect of reduced Plk4 levels on the cell by examining transcript profiles of Plk4 wild-type and heterozygous mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Subsequently, the levels of several key proteins involved in the DNA damage response were examined. Results 143 genes were found to be significantly up-regulated in the heterozygous MEFs compared to their wild-type counterparts, while conversely, 9 genes were down-regulated. Numerous genes with increased transcript levels in heterozygous MEFs were identified to be involved in p53-dependent pathways. Furthermore, examination of the promoter regions of all up- and down-regulated genes revealed that the majority contained putative p53 responsive elements. An analysis of transcript levels in MEFs after exposure to either ionizing or ultraviolet radiation revealed a significant change between wild type and heterozygous MEFS for Plk4 transcript levels upon only UV exposure. Furthermore, changes in protein levels of several important cell check-point and apoptosis regulators were examined, including p53, Chk1, Chk2, Cdc25C and p21. In heterozygous MEFs, p53, p21 and Chk2 protein levels were at significantly higher levels. Furthermore, p53 activity was increased 5 fold in the Plk4 heterozygous MEFs. Conclusion Global transcript profiles and levels of key proteins involved in cellular proliferation and DNA damage pathways were examined in wild-type and Plk4 heterozygous MEFs. It was determined that Plk4 haploinsufficiency leads to changes in the levels of RNA accumulation for a number of key cellular genes as well as changes in protein levels for several important cell cycle/DNA damage proteins. We propose a model in which reduced Plk4 levels invoke an increase in p53 levels that leads to the aforementioned changes in global transcription profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Morettin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada.
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Morris MA, Dawson CW, Wei W, O'Neil JD, Stewart SE, Jia J, Bell AI, Young LS, Arrand JR. Epstein–Barr virus-encoded LMP1 induces a hyperproliferative and inflammatory gene expression programme in cultured keratinocytes. J Gen Virol 2008; 89:2806-2820. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.2008/003970-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SCC12F cells are a line of keratinocytes that retain the capacity for terminal differentiation in vitro. We showed previously that the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-encoded oncogene latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) altered SCC12F morphology in vitro, downregulated cell–cell-adhesion molecule expression and promoted cell motility. In organotypic raft culture, LMP1-expressing cells failed to stratify and formed poorly organized structures which displayed impaired terminal differentiation. To understand better the mechanism(s) by which LMP1 induces these effects, we generated SCC12F cells in which LMP1 expression is inducible. Following induction, these cells exhibited phenotypic changes similar to those observed previously and allowed us to investigate the effects of LMP1 expression on cellular pathways associated with growth, differentiation and morphology. Using microarrays and a number of confirmatory techniques, we identified sets of differentially expressed genes that are characteristically expressed in inflammatory and hyperproliferative epidermis, including chemokines, cytokines and their receptors, growth factors involved in promoting epithelial cell motility and proliferation and signalling molecules that regulate actin filament reorganization and cell movement. Among the genes whose expression was differentially induced significantly by LMP1, the induction of IL-1β and IL-1α was of particular interest, as many of the LMP1-regulated genes identified are established targets of these cytokines. Our findings suggest that alterations in the IL-1 signalling network may be responsible for many of the changes in host-cell gene expression induced in response to LMP1. Identification of these LMP1-regulated genes helps to define the mechanism(s) by which this oncoprotein influences cellular pathways that regulate terminal differentiation, cell motility and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhairi A. Morris
- Cancer Research UK Institute for Cancer Studies, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Christopher W. Dawson
- Cancer Research UK Institute for Cancer Studies, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Wenbin Wei
- Cancer Research UK Institute for Cancer Studies, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - John D. O'Neil
- Cancer Research UK Institute for Cancer Studies, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Suzanne E. Stewart
- Cancer Research UK Institute for Cancer Studies, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Junying Jia
- Cancer Research UK Institute for Cancer Studies, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andrew I. Bell
- Cancer Research UK Institute for Cancer Studies, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Lawrence S. Young
- Cancer Research UK Institute for Cancer Studies, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - John R. Arrand
- Cancer Research UK Institute for Cancer Studies, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Neale G, Su X, Morton CL, Phelps D, Gorlick R, Lock RB, Reynolds CP, Maris JM, Friedman HS, Dome J, Khoury J, Triche TJ, Seeger RC, Gilbertson R, Khan J, Smith MA, Houghton PJ. Molecular characterization of the pediatric preclinical testing panel. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:4572-83. [PMID: 18628472 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-5090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Identifying novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of childhood cancers requires preclinical models that recapitulate the molecular characteristics of their respective clinical histotypes. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND RESULTS Here, we have applied Affymetrix HG-U133Plus2 profiling to an expanded panel of models in the Pediatric Preclinical Testing Program. Profiling led to exclusion of two tumor lines that were of mouse origin and five osteosarcoma lines that did not cluster with human or xenograft osteosarcoma samples. We compared expression profiles of the remaining 87 models with profiles from 112 clinical samples representing the same histologies and show that model tumors cluster with the appropriate clinical histotype, once "immunosurveillance" genes (contributed by infiltrating immune cells in clinical samples) are eliminated from the analysis. Analysis of copy number alterations using the Affymetrix 100K single nucleotide polymorphism GeneChip showed that the models have similar copy number alterations to their clinical counterparts. Several consistent copy number changes not reported previously were found (e.g., gain at 22q11.21 that was observed in 5 of 7 glioblastoma samples, loss at 16q22.3 that was observed in 5 of 9 Ewing's sarcoma and 4 of 12 rhabdomyosarcoma models, and amplification of 21q22.3 that was observed in 5 of 7 osteosarcoma models). We then asked whether changes in copy number were reflected by coordinate changes in gene expression. We identified 493 copy number-altered genes that are nonrandom and appear to identify histotype-specific programs of genetic alterations. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that the preclinical models accurately recapitulate expression profiles and genetic alterations common to childhood cancer, supporting their value in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Neale
- Hartwell Center of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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Tena-Suck ML, Ortiz-Plata A, de la Vega HA. Phosphatase and tensin homologue and pituitary tumor-transforming gene in pituitary adenomas. Clinical-pathologic and immunohistochemical analysis. Ann Diagn Pathol 2008; 12:275-282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2008.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hernández A, López-Lluch G, Bernal JA, Navas P, Pintor-Toro JA. Dicoumarol down-regulates human PTTG1/Securin mRNA expression through inhibition of Hsp90. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:474-82. [PMID: 18347135 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-07-0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Securin, the natural inhibitor of sister chromatid untimely separation, is a protooncogene overexpressed in tumors. Its protein levels correlate with malignancy and metastatic proneness. Dicoumarol, a long-established oral anticoagulant, is a new Hsp90 inhibitor that represses PTTG1/Securin gene expression and provokes apoptosis through a complex trait involving both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Dicoumarol activity as an Hsp90 inhibitor is confirmed by smaller levels of Hsp90 clients in treated cells and inhibition of in vivo heat shock luciferase activity recovery assays. Likewise, established Hsp90 inhibitors (17-allylamino-geldanamycin and novobiocin) repress PTTG1/Securin gene expression. Also, overexpression of human Hsp90 in yeast makes them hypersensitive to dicoumarol. Both apoptosis and PTTG1/Securin gene repression exerted by dicoumarol in cancer cells are independent of three of the most important signaling pathways affected by Hsp90 inhibition: nuclear factor-kappaB, p53, or Akt/protein kinase B signaling pathways. However, effects on PTTG1/Securin could be partially ascribed to inhibition of the Ras/Raf/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway. Overall, we show that expression of PTTG1/Securin gene is Hsp90 dependent and that dicoumarol is a bona fide Hsp90 inhibitor. These findings are important to understand the mode of action of Hsp90 inhibitors, mechanisms of action of dicoumarol, and Securin overexpression in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Hernández
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
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48
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Morris SM, Akerman GS, Desai VG, Tsai CA, Tolleson WH, Melchior WB, Lin CJ, Fuscoe JC, Casciano DA, Chen JJ. Effect of p53 genotype on gene expression profiles in murine liver. Mutat Res 2008; 640:54-73. [PMID: 18206960 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2007.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2007] [Revised: 11/30/2007] [Accepted: 12/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein p53 is a key regulatory element in the cell and is regarded as the "guardian of the genome". Much of the present knowledge of p53 function has come from studies of transgenic mice in which the p53 gene has undergone a targeted deletion. In order to provide additional insight into the impact on the cellular regulatory networks associated with the loss of this gene, microarray technology was utilized to assess gene expression in tissues from both the p53(-/-) and p53(+/-) mice. Six male mice from each genotype (p53(+/+), p53(+/-), and p53(-/-)) were humanely killed and the tissues processed for microarray analysis. The initial studies have been performed in the liver for which the Dunnett test revealed 1406 genes to be differentially expressed between p53(+/+) and p53(+/-) or between p53(+/+) and p53(-/-) at the level of p < or = 0.05. Both genes with increased expression and decreased expression were identified in p53(+/-) and in p53(-/-) mice. Most notable in the gene list derived from the p53(+/-) mice was the significant reduction in p53 mRNA. In the p53(-/-) mice, not only was there reduced expression of the p53 genes on the array, but genes associated with DNA repair, apoptosis, and cell proliferation were differentially expressed, as expected. However, altered expression was noted for many genes in the Cdc42-GTPase pathways that influence cell proliferation. This may indicate that alternate pathways are brought into play in the unperturbed liver when loss or reduction in p53 levels occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Morris
- Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States.
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Chiriva-Internati M, Ferrari R, Prabhakar M, Yu Y, Baggoni L, Moreno J, Gagliano N, Portinaro N, Jenkins MR, Frezza EE, Hardwicke F, D'Cunha N, Kast W, Cobos E. The pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 (PTTG-1): an immunological target for multiple myeloma. J Transl Med 2008; 6:15. [PMID: 18384692 PMCID: PMC2323366 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-6-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2007] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple Myeloma is a cancer of B plasma cells, which produce non-specific antibodies and proliferate uncontrolled. Due to the potential relapse and non-specificity of current treatments, immunotherapy promises to be more specific and may induce long-term immunity in patients. The pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 (PTTG-1) has been shown to be a novel oncogene, expressed in the testis, thymus, colon, lung and placenta (undetectable in most other tissues). Furthermore, it is over expressed in many tumors such as the pituitary adenoma, breast, gastrointestinal cancers, leukemia, lymphoma, and lung cancer and it seems to be associated with tumorigenesis, angiogenesis and cancer progression. The purpose was to investigate the presence/rate of expression of PTTG-1 in multiple myeloma patients. Methods We analyzed the PTTG-1 expression at the transcriptional and the protein level, by PCR, immunocytochemical methods, Dot-blot and ELISA performed on patient's sera in 19 multiple myeloma patients, 6 different multiple myeloma cell lines and in normal human tissue. Results We did not find PTTG-1 presence in the normal human tissue panel, but PTTG-1 mRNA was detectable in 12 of the 19 patients, giving evidence of a 63% rate of expression (data confirmed by ELISA). Four of the 6 investigated cell lines (66.6%) were positive for PTTG-1. Investigations of protein expression gave evidence of 26.3% cytoplasmic expression and 16% surface expression in the plasma cells of multiple myeloma patients. Protein presence was also confirmed by Dot-blot in both cell lines and patients. Conclusion We established PTTG-1's presence at both the transcriptional and protein levels. These data suggest that PTTG-1 is aberrantly expressed in multiple myeloma plasma cells, is highly immunogenic and is a suitable target for immunotherapy of multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Chiriva-Internati
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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Arbuthnot P, Thompson LJ. Harnessing the RNA interference pathway to advance treatment and prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:1670-81. [PMID: 18350598 PMCID: PMC2695907 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.1670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2007] [Revised: 01/27/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer is the fifth most common malignancy in the world and is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Available treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the commonest primary liver cancer, is rarely curative and there is a need to develop therapy that is more effective. Specific and powerful gene silencing that can be achieved by activating RNA interference (RNAi) has generated enthusiasm for exploiting this pathway for HCC therapy. Many studies have been carried out with the aim of silencing HCC-related cellular oncogenes or the hepatocarcinogenic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Proof of principle studies have demonstrated promising results, and an early clinical trial assessing RNAi-based HBV therapy is currently in progress. Although the data augur well, there are several significant hurdles that need to be overcome before the goal of RNAi-based therapy for HCC is realized. Particularly important are the efficient and safe delivery of RNAi effecters to target malignant tissue and the limitation of unintended harmful non-specific effects.
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