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Baruselli PS, Abreu LA, Menchaca A, Bó GA. The future of beef production in South America. Theriogenology 2024; 231:21-28. [PMID: 39393108 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2024] [Revised: 10/03/2024] [Accepted: 10/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/13/2024]
Abstract
South American beef production varies due to diverse climates, environmental conditions, animal breeds (Bos indicus, Bos taurus and crossbreeds), management strategies, and nutritional sources. Applying technology in the South American beef production system can significantly enhance efficiency, sustainability, and profitability. Reproductive efficiency is a significant challenge, especially in cow-calf operation systems conducted under adverse conditions. Consequently, implementing effective assisted reproduction technologies (ART) can make a significant contribution. In the last two decades, the development of fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocols permitted the widespread application of artificial insemination for breeding management and genetic improvement in beef herds in South America. Nowadays, FTAI is being applied in South America in large-scale programs, with around 20 % of heifers and cows receiving this technology every year. This results in a greater calving rate and significant genetic gain occurring in this territory. Also, in vitro embryo production, mainly using sex-selected sperm has been widely applied in this region, leading to significant improvements in herd genetics and productivity. Recently, 94 % of all embryo transfers in South America consist of in vitro-produced embryos (41,429 being in vivo-derived and 650,782 being in vitro-produced embryos), mainly using fixed-time embryo transfer technology (FTET). Genomic selection combined with in vitro embryo production with oocytes from heifer calves provides a powerful technology platform to reduce generation interval and significantly increase the rate of genetic gain in beef cattle. Emerging biotechnologies, such as genome editing via the CRISPR/Cas system, are being developed to enhance productivity, confer resilience to adverse environmental conditions, increase disease resistance, and control pest species that affect livestock. Finally, while all these technologies offer significant potential, further progresses are needed to transform livestock production. The vast geographical scale and diverse climates of South America make regional knowledge crucial for aligning beef production with sustainability goals and supporting global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Baruselli
- Department of Animal Reproduction, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - L A Abreu
- Department of Animal Reproduction, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Menchaca
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay (Fundación IRAUy), Montevideo, Uruguay; Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - G A Bó
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Córdoba (IRAC), Córdoba, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Villa Maria, Cordoba, Argentina
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Cattaneo L, Prieto C, Ojeda D, Pereira A, Frutos J, Bó GA. The use of a recombinant equine chorionic gonadotropin (reCG) in fixed-time AI programs in beef cattle. Theriogenology 2024; 227:77-83. [PMID: 39029411 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of a novel recombinant eCG (reCG) on pregnancy rates to AI (P/AI) in suckled beef cows of different breeds that were synchronized with an estradiol/progesterone (P4)-based protocol for fixed-time AI (TAI). In experiment 1, 1244 Bos taurus suckled cows were used. On Day 0 all cows received an intravaginal P4 device (600 mg P4) and 2 mg of estradiol benzoate. On Day 7, devices were removed, and all cows received 0.150 mg of D-cloprostenol plus 1 mg of estradiol cypionate and were randomly divided to receive 140 IU or 105 IU of reCG or no reCG treatment (controls) at that time. Cows were tail painted for estrus detection and those in estrus by 48 h after P4 device removal were inseminated; whereas those not showing estrus were also inseminated and received GnRH at the same time. In experiment 2, 818 Bos taurus x Bos indicus crossbred suckled cows received the same FTAI protocol used in Experiment 1. Cows were randomly divided at the time of P4 device removal into 4 groups to receive 140 IU, 105 IU or 84 IU of reCG or no reCG treatment. In experiment 3, 345 Bos indicus suckled cows were submitted to the same FTAI protocol as those in previous experiments and were randomly divided into three groups to receive 140 IU or 105 IU of reCG, or 300 IU of serum derived eCG (PMSG). In Experiment 1, estrus rate and P/AI was greater (P < 0.05) in cows treated with reCG (79.9 and 53.5 %, 76.9 and 52.3 % for the 105 UI and 140 UI reCG groups, respectively) than those in the control group (69.9 and 44.4 %, respectively). In Experiment 2, cows treated with reCG tended (P < 0.1) to achieve a greater P/AI than control cows (38.6 %, 37.1 %, 36.2 % and 28.2 % for those receiving 84 IU, 105 IU,140 IU of reCG, and those in the control group); but when P/AI of all cows treated with reCG was contrasted to that of control cows, the difference was significant (P < 0.01). In Experiment 3, P/AI in cows treated with 84 IU of reCG (54 %) did not differ from that of cows treated with serum derived eCG (59 %) but both were greater (P < 0.05) than cows treated with 105 UI of reCG (41 %). In conclusion, treatment with reCG improved fertility in suckled Bos taurus and Bos taurus x Bos indicus beef cows. In suckled Bos indicus cows, although treatment with reCG and serum derived eCG were comparable, the higher dosage of reCG was detrimental to their P/AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Cattaneo
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; CEVA-ZOOVET S.A., Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Claudio Prieto
- CEVA-Biotecnofe S.A., Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Biotecnológico del Litoral, Laboratorio de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Ciudad Santa Fe, Argentina
| | | | | | | | - Gabriel A Bó
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Córdoba (IRAC), Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto A.P. de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Villa del Rosario, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Barański W, Nowicki A, Crowe MA, Tobolski D, Zduńczyk S. Effect of repeated low doses of gonadotropin-releasing hormone on the secretion of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, and ovarian function in dairy cows suffering from anovulation type I. Anim Reprod Sci 2024; 270:107602. [PMID: 39293302 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of repeated low doses of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist buserelin once a day for 5 days on follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) release, and ovarian function in dairy cows with anovulation type I. The study was conducted on 10 anovulatory Polish Holstein-Friesian cows. Cows in Group 1 (n = 5) received 4 µg of buserelin intramuscularly. once a day for 5 days. Control cows from Group 2 (n = 5) received saline. Concentrations of progesterone, FSH, and LH in the blood were analysed using radioimmunoassay (RIA). Ovarian structures were monitored weekly after the end of treatment by ultrasound for 4 weeks. Injections of buserelin increased FSH and LH concentrations. Release of FSH and LH was largely variable, but there was significant (P < 0.001) interaction between time and treatment during all treatment days. The number of follicles in the treatment group was significantly greater (P = 0.029) than in the control group on day 5, the diameter of follicles on day 12 was also larger (P < 0.01) in treated than in control cows. Ovulation occurred in 4 of the 5 treated cows, but only in 1 of the control cows in the 40 days after treatment. In conclusion, repeated low doses of GnRH analogue buserelin once a day for 5 days may increase the concentration of FSH and LH in dairy cows with anovulation type I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Barański
- Department of Animal Reproduction with Clinic, University of Warmia and Mazury, ul. Oczapowskiego 14, Olsztyn 10-719, Poland.
| | - Arkadiusz Nowicki
- Department of Animal Reproduction with Clinic, University of Warmia and Mazury, ul. Oczapowskiego 14, Olsztyn 10-719, Poland
| | - Mark A Crowe
- University College Dublin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Dawid Tobolski
- Deparment of Internal Disease with Clinic, University of Warmia and Mazury, ul. Oczapowskiego 14, Olsztyn 10-719, Poland
| | - Sławomir Zduńczyk
- Department of Animal Reproduction with Clinic, University of Warmia and Mazury, ul. Oczapowskiego 14, Olsztyn 10-719, Poland
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Wicaksono A, Edwardes F, Steeneveld W, van den Borne BHP, Pinho P, Randi F, Hogeveen H. The economic effect of cow-based reproductive management programs with a systematic use of reproductive hormones. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)01076-2. [PMID: 39154727 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Hormone-based reproductive management programs can be beneficial to improve dairy cow's reproductive performance. This study aimed to compare the economic impact of reproductive management programs using systematic hormonal treatments to individual cows with a specific DIM range with a reproductive management program using cow-specific hormonal treatment based on a veterinary diagnosis of ovarian dysfunction during a fertility check. An existing individual cow-based, dynamic, and stochastic bio-economic simulation model, mimicking the production dynamics of a 200 cow-herd in daily time steps, was extended with ovarian dysfunction and fertility inputs. Four hormone-based reproductive management programs were modeled. In the default reproductive management program, reflecting the current reproductive management of Dutch herds, lactating dairy cows are inseminated based on detection of estrus and non-cyclic dairy cows are treated with hormones based on a veterinary diagnosis of ovarian dysfunction during a fertility check. Hormone treatments prescribed by the veterinarian for anestrus, cystic, and sub-estrus cows were an 8-d progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (PRID)-Synch protocol (PRIDsynch), an Ovsynch protocol, and a PGF2⍺ treatment, respectively. The 3 other reproductive management programs reflected systematic hormonal treatments to cows at specific DIM and included a 1) Double-Ovsynch protocol for TAI with nonpregnant cows submitted to a resynchronization protocol (FTAI), 2) Double-Ovsynch protocol for TAI with nonpregnant cows detected in estrus or submitted to a resynchronization protocol (FTAI+ED), and 3) detection of estrus with cows not detected submitted to a PRIDsynch protocol (ED+TAI). All nonpregnant cows were submitted to a resynchronization protocol based on the absence (PRIDsynch) or presence (Ovsynch protocol) of a corpus luteum (CL). The annual mean net economic return (NER) was calculated for all reproductive management programs. Compared with the default reproductive management program, the highest NER was observed for the FTAI+ED reproductive management program with €23,764 higher net revenues, followed by the FTAI and the ED+TAI reproductive management programs with €19,550 and €14,314 higher net revenues, respectively. Overall, systematic hormone-based reproductive management programs gave higher costs due to more hormones administered and higher calving and feed costs due to more pregnant cows. Nevertheless, the additional revenues of milk and calves in the systematic hormone-based reproductive management programs outweighed the total cost. For instance, the FTAI+ED reproductive management program gave €8,953 higher total cost per year compared with the default but with €32,654 higher revenues. In summary, reproductive management programs where hormones were systematically used gave economic advantages over the current default reproductive management program in which hormones are administered to individual cows based on a veterinary diagnosis of ovarian dysfunction during a fertility check.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wicaksono
- Business Economics Group, Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology Division, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Kampus IPB Dramaga, 16680, Bogor, Indonesia.
| | - F Edwardes
- Business Economics Group, Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - W Steeneveld
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health Sciences, Section Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, 3584 CL, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - B H P van den Borne
- Business Economics Group, Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - P Pinho
- CEVA Santé Animale, 10 Av. de la Ballastière, 33500, Libourne, France
| | - F Randi
- CEVA Santé Animale, 10 Av. de la Ballastière, 33500, Libourne, France
| | - H Hogeveen
- Business Economics Group, Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Bottino MP, Carvalho LR, Orlandi RE, Santos APC, Simões LMS, Perecin F, Andrade GM, Nogueira GDP, Maioli MA, Sales JNDS. Biochemical profile and oocyte quality of primiparous Bos indicus cows submitted to a timed artificial insemination protocol. Theriogenology 2024; 224:19-25. [PMID: 38718738 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to verify the causes of the lower response of primiparous Bos indicus cows to the ovulation synchronization protocol. Two experiments were performed to evaluate the biochemical profile, oocyte and follicular cell quality (Experiment 1) and pregnancy (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, suckled primiparous (n = 24) and multiparous cows (n = 24) were submitted to ovum pick up (OPU). On Day 0 (D0), all cows received 2 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB) and an intravaginal progesterone insert (P4). Five days (D5) after the first hormonal administration (EB + P4), all follicles larger than 3 mm were counted on each ovary, and ovum pick-up (OPU) was performed. On day 12 (D12), the intravaginal progesterone insert was removed, and measurement and aspiration of the largest follicle were performed. Blood samples were collected on D5 and D12 to evaluate the concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, NEFA, IGF-1 and insulin. In Experiment 2, suckled primiparous (n = 50) and multiparous (n = 50) cows were subjected to an ovulation synchronization protocol based on E2/P4 (D0: 2 mg EB plus P4 intravaginal insert; D8: 500 μg of cloprostenol, 1 mg cypionate estradiol and 300UI of eCG; D10: artificial insemination). In addition, blood samples were collected on D10 for evaluation of the same hormones and metabolites described in Experiment 1. In all studies, calves remained with the cows during the experimental period. In experiment 1, the number of oocytes grade 1 (P = 0.83), grade 2 (P = 0.23) and grade 3 (P = 0.51), total number of retrieved oocytes (P = 0.14), oocyte quality index (P = 0.93) and total viable oocytes (P = 0.38) did not differ between primiparous and multiparous cows. The number of follicles at the time of follicular aspiration (20.7 ± 1.5 vs. 18.0 ± 1.9; P = 0.05) and the diameter of the largest follicle on D12 (13.5 ± 0.6 vs. 11.4 ± 0.6; P = 0.04) were greater in multiparous cows, and the number of degenerated oocytes was greater in primiparous cows (1.9 ± 0.7 vs. 1.2 ± 0.3; P = 0.05). On D5, the concentrations of IGF-1 (P = 0.47), insulin (P = 0.08), total cholesterol (P = 0.47), NEFA (P = 0.77) and glucose (P = 0.55) in the blood and IGF-1 (P = 0.97) and insulin (P = 0.11) in the follicular fluid did not differ between parity groups. On D12, there was no difference in the concentrations of IGF-1 (P = 0.26), total cholesterol (P = 0.32), NEFAs (P = 0.31) and glucose (P = 0.93) in the blood between primiparous and multiparous cows, however, the serum insulin concentration (P = 0.04) was higher in primiparous cows. There was no correlation between serum and follicular fluid insulin concentrations (r = 0.17; P = 0.31), however, there was a low correlation between serum and follicular fluid IGF-1 concentrations (r = 0.47; P = 0.002). Quantification of transcripts did not differ between parity groups. In experiment 2, concentrations of NEFA (P = 0.12) and insulin (P = 0.16) in the blood and P/AI (P = 0.93) did not differ between parity [60 % (30/50) primiparous vs. 60 % (30/50) multiparous]. In contrast, blood concentrations of IGF-1 (P = 0.0001), total cholesterol (P = 0.005) and glucose (P = 0.01) were greater in primiparous cows. It was concluded that the oocyte quality and expression of the genes evaluated in the granulosa cells were not different between primiparous and multiparous cows. Unexpectedly, the pregnancy rate did not differ between parity. Nevertheless, the blood concentrations of IGF-1, total cholesterol and glucose were greater in primiparous cows.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Felipe Perecin
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - José Nélio de Sousa Sales
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, UFLA, Lavras, MG, Brazil; Department of Veterinary Medicine, UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
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Changtes T, Sanchez J, Arunvipas P, Patanasatienkul T, Thammahakin P, Jareonsawat J, Hall D, Heider L, Rukkwamsuk T. Performance and Cost-Efficiency of Single Hormonal Treatment Protocols in Tropical Anestrous Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1564. [PMID: 38891611 PMCID: PMC11171056 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the performance of hormone treatment protocols, determine the factors associated with pregnancy success after hormone treatment, and compare the cost-efficiencies of two types of hormone treatment among cyclic and noncyclic anestrous dairy cows. The clinical records of 279 anestrous cows that received hormone treatment for artificial insemination (AI) from 64 herds in the western region of Thailand were obtained from Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital from January to August 2017. The performance of the hormone treatment protocols, fixed-time AI (TAI) and estrus detection before AI (EAI), showed that the pregnancy risk for the TAI protocol was higher than that for the EAI protocol, but pregnancy per AI did not differ significantly between the two protocols in cyclic and noncyclic cows. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that cows receiving the TAI protocol were more likely to be pregnant compared to those treated with the EAI protocol. Cows with a 3.00 body condition score (BCS) < 3.75 after treatment and loose-housed cows were more likely to become pregnant. Treatment during winter showed higher pregnancy success than that in the summer and rainy seasons. The cost-efficiency analysis showed that the TAI protocol was the most cost-efficient option for noncyclic cows, whereas the EAI protocol was the most cost-efficient option for cyclic cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitiwich Changtes
- Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand; (T.C.); (P.A.); (P.T.)
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada; (J.S.); (T.P.); (L.H.)
| | - Javier Sanchez
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada; (J.S.); (T.P.); (L.H.)
| | - Pipat Arunvipas
- Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand; (T.C.); (P.A.); (P.T.)
| | - Thitiwan Patanasatienkul
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada; (J.S.); (T.P.); (L.H.)
| | - Passawat Thammahakin
- Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand; (T.C.); (P.A.); (P.T.)
| | - Jiranij Jareonsawat
- Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Nong Pho, Ratchaburi 70120, Thailand;
| | - David Hall
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
| | - Luke Heider
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada; (J.S.); (T.P.); (L.H.)
| | - Theera Rukkwamsuk
- Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand; (T.C.); (P.A.); (P.T.)
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Mekuriaw Y. Negative energy balance and its implication on productive and reproductive performance of early lactating dairy cows: review paper. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2023.2176859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeshambel Mekuriaw
- Department of Animal Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
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Influence of Ovarian Status and Steroid Hormone Concentration on Day of Timed Artificial Insemination (TAI) on the Reproductive Performance of Dairy Cows Inseminated with Sexed Semen. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050896. [PMID: 36899753 PMCID: PMC10000115 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the ovarian status and steroid hormone concentration on the day of TAI on the reproductive performance of dairy cows subjected to estrus synchronization treatment and timed artificial insemination with sexed semen. Seventy-eight cyclic Holstein cows pre-treated with PGF2α-GnRH were divided in two groups-I (Preselect-OvSynch, n = 38) and II (OvSynch+PRID-7-day+eCG, n = 40)-and inseminated with sexed semen. The presence of preovulatory follicle (PF) with or without corpus luteum (CL), the PF diameter, the estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) concentrations on the day of TAI, the pregnancy rate (PR) and embryo loss were determined. On the day of TAI, 78.4% of all the pregnant cows presented a PF (mean size 1.80 ± 0.12 cm) without CL, low P4 (0.59 ± 0.28 ng/mL) and high E2 (12.35 ± 2.62 pg/mg) concentrations. The positive correlation between the size of the PF and the level of E2 in the pregnant cows from group II was stronger than that of group I (R = 0.82 vs. R = 0.52, p < 0.05). The pregnancy rate on day 30 (57.5% vs. 36.8%) and day 60 (50% vs. 26.3%; p < 0.05) and the embryo losses (13% vs. 28.5%) showed better effects of treatment in group II. In conclusion, the ovarian status and the steroid hormone concentration on the day of TAI influence the pregnancy rates of dairy cows subjected to estrus synchronization and timed artificial insemination with sexed semen.
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Treatment of Inactive Ovaries of Holstein Dairy Cows by Epidural Injection of GnRH Analogue (Receptal) and Its Impact on the Reproductive Hormones, Oxidant/Antioxidant Profile and Micro and Macro-Elements Profile. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040653. [PMID: 36830440 PMCID: PMC9951676 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate a new therapeutic approach for inactive ovaries based on the epidural administration of a GnRH agonist (Receptal) and an investigation of the impact of this treatment on the hormonal, oxidant/antioxidant and micro- and macro-element profiles. Sixty cows with postpartum anestrus were divided into two groups: the first group (group Repid, n = 30) was administered an epidural injection of Receptal, while the second group (group Cepid, n = 30) received saline and was considered the control group. Evaluation of hormonal (progesterone, FSH, LH, testosterone, and cortisol), oxidant/antioxidant (MDA, SOD, GPx and TAC) as well as micro- and macroelement (calcium, phosphorus, manganese and magnesium) profiles was done in serum. The results showed that the epidural injection of Receptal has the potential to induce estrus response and conception incidence in treated cows. Compared to the control group, progesterone, FSH, and LH concentrations were significantly increased in the treated group, whereas testosterone and cortisol decreased (p < 0.05) following treatment. In addition, the treated group had greater TAC and GPx concentrations than the control group. Serum concentrations of magnesium increased (p < 0.05) following receptal treatment, but differences in other minerals were not detected. This research suggests a novel, effective method of treating inactive ovaries with epidural infusion of a GnRH agonist.
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Lean I, LeBlanc S, Sheedy D, Duffield T, Santos J, Golder H. Associations of parity with health disorders and blood metabolite concentrations in Holstein cows in different production systems. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:500-518. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Equine chorionic gonadotropin administered on day 5 of a 7-days fixed-time artificial insemination program improves ovulation synchrony and corpus luteum function in anestrous beef cows. Theriogenology 2023; 195:62-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Gallab RS, Hassanein EM, Rashad AM, El-Shereif AA. Maximizing the reproductive performances of anestrus dairy buffalo cows using GnRH analogue-loaded chitosan nanoparticles during the low breeding season. Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 244:107044. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.107044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Calik-Ksepka A, Stradczuk M, Czarnecka K, Grymowicz M, Smolarczyk R. Lactational Amenorrhea: Neuroendocrine Pathways Controlling Fertility and Bone Turnover. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031633. [PMID: 35163554 PMCID: PMC8835773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactation is a physiological state of hyperprolactinemia and associated amenorrhea. Despite the fact that exact mechanisms standing behind the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis during lactation are still not clear, a general overview of events leading to amenorrhea may be suggested. Suckling remains the most important stimulus maintaining suppressive effect on ovaries after pregnancy. Breastfeeding is accompanied by high levels of prolactin, which remain higher than normal until the frequency and duration of daily suckling decreases and allows normal menstrual function resumption. Hyperprolactinemia induces the suppression of hypothalamic Kiss1 neurons that directly control the pulsatile release of GnRH. Disruption in the pulsatile manner of GnRH secretion results in a strongly decreased frequency of corresponding LH pulses. Inadequate LH secretion and lack of pre-ovulatory surge inhibit the progression of the follicular phase of a menstrual cycle and result in anovulation and amenorrhea. The main consequences of lactational amenorrhea are connected with fertility issues and increased bone turnover. Provided the fulfillment of all the established conditions of its use, the lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) efficiently protects against pregnancy. Because of its accessibility and lack of additional associated costs, LAM might be especially beneficial in low-income, developing countries, where modern contraception is hard to obtain. Breastfeeding alone is not equal to the LAM method, and therefore, it is not enough to successfully protect against conception. That is why LAM promotion should primarily focus on conditions under which its use is safe and effective. More studies on larger study groups should be conducted to determine and confirm the impact of behavioral factors, like suckling parameters, on the LAM efficacy. Lactational bone loss is a physiologic mechanism that enables providing a sufficient amount of calcium to the newborn. Despite the decline in bone mass during breastfeeding, it rebuilds after weaning and is not associated with a postmenopausal decrease in BMD and osteoporosis risk. Therefore, it should be a matter of concern only for lactating women with additional risk factors or with low BMD before pregnancy. The review summarizes the effect that breastfeeding exerts on the hypothalamus-pituitary axis as well as fertility and bone turnover aspects of lactational amenorrhea. We discuss the possibility of the use of lactation as contraception, along with this method's prevalence, efficacy, and influencing factors. We also review the literature on the topic of lactational bone loss: its mechanism, severity, and persistence throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Calik-Ksepka
- Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Karowa 2, 00-315 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Monika Stradczuk
- Student’s Academic Association, Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.S.); (K.C.)
| | - Karolina Czarnecka
- Student’s Academic Association, Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.S.); (K.C.)
| | - Monika Grymowicz
- Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Karowa 2, 00-315 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); (R.S.)
| | - Roman Smolarczyk
- Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Karowa 2, 00-315 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); (R.S.)
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Song Y, Cheng J, Yu H, Wang Z, Bai Y, Xia C, Xu C. Early Warning for Ovarian Diseases Based on Plasma Non-esterified Fatty Acid and Calcium Concentrations in Dairy Cows. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:792498. [PMID: 34957286 PMCID: PMC8692658 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.792498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactive ovaries (IO) and ovarian (follicular or luteal) cysts (FC or LC) are two common ovarian diseases leading to infertility in dairy cattle. Both disorders are associated with altered metabolites and hormones. There are currently no known effective biomarkers that can be used for early diagnosis of ovarian diseases. The purpose of this study was to identify the plasma biomarkers of ovarian diseases in Holstein dairy cows that facilitate an early diagnosis of the diseases and control its progression. The experiment was performed from 3 weeks postpartum and last for 7 weeks. Seventy-six multiparous Holstein cows (mean age, 4.36 years; weight, 635.63 kg) were divided into healthy control group (HC, n = 22), FC group (n = 18), LC group (n = 18) and IO group (n = 18) by rectal palpation or ultrasonography during the last 2 weeks before trial end. Blood was collected via tail vein for measurement of plasma energy metabolites, liver function indicators, minerals, and hormones at 3 and 8 weeks postpartum. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman correlation, binary logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic analysis, where applicable. At 8 weeks postpartum, FC cows had a more severe body condition score loss and these had greater levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and estradiol, and lesser levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), progesterone and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels than HC cows (P < 0.05). LC cows had a lower milk yield, higher NEFA and progesterone levels, and lower calcium, phosphorus and magnesium levels than HC cows (P < 0.05). IO cows had a lower body condition score, higher NEFA levels, and lower ALT, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, estradiol, progesterone and IGF-1 levels than HC cows (P < 0.05). At 3 weeks postpartum, cows with ovarian diseases had greater (P < 0.05) concentrations of NEFA, and lesser concentrations of ALT, calcium, phosphorus and IGF-1 than HC cows. Early warning values for ovarian diseases were plasma NEFA concentrations >0.50 mmol/L, or calcium concentrations <2.02 mmol/L. Therefore, plasma NEFA and calcium could be used as early-warning indicators for ovarian diseases in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Song
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Jiaxin Cheng
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yunlong Bai
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Cheng Xia
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Chuang Xu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
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15
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Influence of Days after Calving and Thermal Stress on the Efficacy of a Progesterone-Based Treatment in Acyclic Italian Mediterranean Buffalo. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113166. [PMID: 34827897 PMCID: PMC8614472 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary “Mozzarella di Bufala Campana DOP” (mozzarella cheese) is mainly produced and marketed during the spring and summer months. The buffalo is a seasonal species that increases its reproductive activity when daylight hours decrease. Therefore, to increase milk production in the favourable period, the so-called “Out of Breeding Season Mating” technique is applied. It consists of the interruption of sexual promiscuity during the naturally occurring breeding season and concentrating calving and milk production during periods of increasing daylight length. However, the application of this technique increases the incidence of anoestrus, as animals are forced to breed outside of their natural and favoured period of the year, although other factors can also increase the incidence of anoestrus, such as climate. A reduction of seasonal anoestrus can be achieved by using some hormonal treatments. In this study, primiparous acyclic buffaloes were selected and divided into three classes according to their days in milk. Animals were synchronized using P4 vaginal implants, and artificial insemination (AI) was performed according to protocol. The temperature–humidity index (THI) was recorded to evaluate its influence on anoestrus. Statistical analysis showed that the implemented P4-based treatments were highly effective in removing the anoestrus condition in buffaloes. On the contrary, no influence of the THI on the efficacy of the P4 synchronization treatment was observed. Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a progesterone-based treatment on anoestrus in buffaloes. Primiparous acyclic buffaloes (n = 276), were divided into three classes according to their days in milk (DIM): from 50 to 90 (Class I; n = 86), from 91 to 150 (Class II; n = 102) and from 150 to 200 (Class III; n = 88). Animals were synchronized using P4 vaginal implants, followed by timed artificial insemination (TAI). They were then allowed to enter into a larger group of buffaloes for natural mating 15 days after AI was performed, and pregnancy status was monitored from then on at 15-day intervals. Finally, the temperature–humidity index (THI) was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA by means and both multiple and linear regression. The total pregnancy rate (PR) was 87.7%, with no differences among DIM classes (88.0, 92.4, and 80.0% in Classes I, II, and III, respectively). However, the PR at TAI tended to be higher (p = 0.07) in buffaloes in Class II. The follicle (FL) area in Class II buffaloes was larger (p < 0.01) than that of the other classes. No influence of the THI on the total PR was recorded. The pregnancy outcome at TAI was affected by the FL area (odds ratio = 2.237; p < 0.05) and body condition score (BCS) (odds ratio = 1.256; p < 0.05). In conclusion, treatment with vaginal P4 optimizes pregnancy rates in anoestrus buffaloes, particularly when the animals are in mid-lactation and show an optimal BCS. Furthermore, the THI does not seem to affect the efficiency of the progesterone treatment.
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Kelly ET, McAloon CG, Crowe MA, Beltman ME. Estimation of the true prevalence of inaccurate artificial inseminations in Irish milk recording dairy cows using a Bayesian latent class analysis. Prev Vet Med 2021; 197:105502. [PMID: 34592502 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inaccurate artificial insemination (IAI) refers to an artificial insemination (AI) that is performed when a cow is not in oestrus. IAIs have economic impacts on the dairy industry through of semen wastage or iatrogenic pregnancy loss. However, few studies have quantified the prevalence of IAIs in a population. The primary objective of this prospective study was to estimate the cow-level true prevalence of IAIs in Irish milk recording dairy herds using a latent class model with a Bayesian framework. Milk samples were collected at a milk recording laboratory from 576 dairy cows in 125 herds who had received an AI on the same day they were sampled for routine milk constituent analysis. Milk progesterone (MP4) analysis was conducted on these samples using radioimmunoassay to determine the progesterone concentration. Fertility data (i.e., subsequent calving date) was retrospectively obtained from the Irish National Cattle Breeding Federation for milk sampled cows and an apparent conception (AC) to the sample AI was determined based on an estimated gestational range of 270-290 days. Both tests (MP4 and AC) were used in a latent class model to estimate the true prevalence of IAI. For the MP4 test, a concentration of ≥ 5 ng/mL in whole milk was deemed to be test positive while for the AC test, a cow that did not conceive to the sampled AI was deemed test positive. Prior information for prevalence of IAI was obtained from a literature review while MP4 sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) were obtained from expert opinion. Non-informative priors were used for the Se and Sp of the AC test. Posterior inferences (median and 95 % Bayesian probability intervals; BPI) were obtained using the 'rjags' package in the R statistical software. In the final model, median cow-level true prevalence of IAI was 4.4 % (BPI; 1.7-9.0 %). Median Se and Sp estimates for MP4, were 83.0 % (BPI; 65.0-96.2 %) and were 97.4 % (BPI; 94.6-99.6 %), respectively. Median Se and Sp estimates for AC, were 64.8 % (BPI; 44.5-88.6 %) and 49.8 % (BPI; 45.3-54.1 %), respectively. The present study estimates that the overall cow-level true prevalence of IAI in Irish dairy cows is relatively low. This is the first study to report the cow-level true prevalence of IAI using a Bayesian latent class model.
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Affiliation(s)
- E T Kelly
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - C G McAloon
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - M A Crowe
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - M E Beltman
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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17
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LAKSHMIKANTAN U, VADIVOO VS, GEETHA T, MATHIVANAN R. Effect of progesterone coated nano fibre dermal patch (ProSync-NF) on cattle diagnosed with Anestrus and silent or unobserved estrus. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v91i1.113217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Transdermal Progesterone therapy for the treatment of True and False anestrus was evaluated by using the product ProSync-nano fibre (NF) dermal patch. Eighteen (N = 18) randomly selected animals from different dairy farms during the farm visit by this centre were used for the study. The animals which were reported to be not exhibiting estrus signs even after prolonged postpartum period were designated into three groups. Group I (n = 7) had no palpable ovarian structures treated with ProSync-NF alone, Group II (n = 9) had corpus luteum, treated with ProSync-NF + PGF2 and Group III (n = 2) animals were diagnosed as having cyst were also treated with ProSync-NF + PGF2. Group III animals which were diagnosed with cystic condition did not respond to ProSync-NF therapy. Out of eighteen animals totally used in this study fifteen (83.3%) animals evinced estrus after the treatment with ProSync-NF. Out of fifteen, nine (60%) and six (40%) animals showed estrus around 3 days (72 h) and 5 days (120 h) after dermal patch removal. Overall, out of the 18 animals treated with ‘ProSync–NF’ dermal patch, ten cows (55.5%) conceived which indicates fertile estrus induction at the first service. Moreover, the clinical problem like vaginitis would not occur when using dermal route Progesterone therapy. Hence it could be concluded that ‘ProSync-NF’ dermal patch could be effectively used to induce estrus in anestrus cows.
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18
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van der Laan JSM, Vos PLAM, van den Borne BHP, Aardema H, van Werven T. Reproductive hormone use and its association with herd-level factors on Dutch dairy farms. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:10854-10862. [PMID: 34304874 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We studied the use of the 3 commonly used reproductive hormones, namely prostaglandins, GnRH, and progesterone, and associated herd-level factors on 760 Dutch dairy farms from 5 veterinary clinics. From 2017 to 2019 we collected data on the sales of reproductive hormones, converted this data into the number of reproductive hormone doses conducted, and expressed this as the annual number of reproductive hormone doses per 100 adult dairy cows. Additional herd-level information was available for 2019. Due to the excess of zeros in the data set (i.e., a substantial number of farms did not use any hormones), we used a zero-inflated negative binomial model to identify related herd-level factors for the use of reproductive hormones. In the entire study period of 2017 to 2019, 5.8% of the dairy farms did not use any reproductive hormones, with the proportion of nonusers varying between 0.0 and 10.3% per veterinary clinic. This proportion was around 13.5% on an annual basis. Prostaglandins were the most frequently used reproductive hormone in Dutch dairy cows (62.9%), followed by GnRH (33.1%) and progesterone (4.0%). Furthermore, participating in a veterinary herd health management program had a significant effect on reproductive hormone use. These farms used more reproductive hormones than farms that did not participate in a herd health management program and were less represented in the group of nonuser farms. Technologies, such as pedometers and automatic milking systems, also had an effect on reproductive hormone use. The presence of pedometers or activity monitors did not reduce the use of the reproductive hormones but was associated with a greater frequency of users. Farms with an automatic milking system used more reproductive hormones than farms with a conventional milking system. With this study, we have made a first step in achieving transparency in the Dutch dairy industry by providing an objective overview of reproductive hormone use on Dutch dairy farms and identifying associations with some herd-level factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S M van der Laan
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - P L A M Vos
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - B H P van den Borne
- Business Economics Group, Wageningen University, 6706 KN, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - H Aardema
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - T van Werven
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL, Utrecht, the Netherlands; University Farm Animal Practice (ULP), 3481 LZ, Harmelen, the Netherlands.
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19
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McDougall S, Castle R, Blythe E, Macpherson Y, Karkaba A. Increasing conception rate by addition of a second prostaglandin injection in an Ovsynch and progesterone treatment programme for dairy cows not detected in oestrus before the start of the seasonal mating period. N Z Vet J 2021; 69:211-223. [PMID: 33960911 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2021.1906343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the effect on conception rate to first service, 3- and 6-week in-calf rates, final pregnancy rate and the hazard of pregnancy, of addition of a second prostaglandin (PG) injection 24 hours after the first, in a synchrony programme combining Ovsynch and progesterone in pasture-based dairy cows that had not been detected in oestrus before the start of the seasonal mating period. METHODS This prospective, negative-controlled study was conducted using anoestrous cows (n = 1,411) from nine spring-calving dairy herds in the Waikato region of New Zealand. Ovaries of cows not detected in oestrus were examined by transrectal ultrasonography and the presence of a corpus luteum determined. All cows were then treated with an intravaginal progesterone-releasing device and injected I/M with gonadorelin (Day -9). Cows were injected I/M with cloprostenol at device removal (Day -2) and on Day -1 were injected with either water (single PG; n = 720), or cloprostenol (double PG; n = 692). On Day 0 cows were injected again with gonadorelin, unless previously detected in oestrus, and were inseminated on Day 1. Based on dated pregnancy diagnosis by transrectal ultrasonography, cows were categorised as conceiving to first insemination, becoming pregnant in the first 3 or 6 weeks, or becoming pregnant by the end of the mating period. RESULTS Cows in the double PG group had increased conception rate to first service (45.3 (95% CI = 45.1-45.4)% vs. 41.1 (95% CI = 41.0-41.3)%; p < 0.001), 3-week in-calf rate (53.4 (95% CI = 53.6-54.0)% vs. 49.2 (95% CI = 49.0-49.4)%; p < 0.001), and 6-week in-calf rate (67.2 (95% CI = 65.7-68.8)% vs. 63.5 (95% CI = 62.0-65.0)%; p = 0.014) compared to cows in the single PG group. Final pregnancy rate and hazard of pregnancy did not differ between treatment groups (p >0.2). CONCLUSIONS Addition of a second PG injection 24 hours after the first, increased conception rate to first service and the proportion of cows pregnant by 3 and 6 weeks after commencement of the mating period. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Improved outcomes can be achieved when treating those cows not detected in oestrus by the start of the seasonal mating period by addition of a second PG injection to the currently recommended treatment protocol for these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R Castle
- Elanco Animal Health LTD, Manukau City, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - E Blythe
- Cognosco, Anexa, Morrinsville, New Zealand
| | | | - A Karkaba
- Cognosco, Anexa, Morrinsville, New Zealand
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20
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Almeida J, Brito M, Neves B, Becerra V, Auler P, Hadad J, Baruselli P, Henry M. Use of cooled buffalo semen as a strategy to increase conception rates in fixed-time artificial insemination programs during unfavorable reproductive periods. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to compare the reproductive efficiency of dairy buffaloes undergoing fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocols based on progesterone/estrogen (P4/E2) and eCG during unfavorable breeding season using cooled (CS) and frozen semen (FS). A total of 446 buffaloes (> 40 days postpartum) were randomly distributed into four blocks (years): B1-2014 (n = 143), B2-2015 (n = 34), B3-2016 (n = 90), and B4-2017 (n = 179). Each block was subdivided into two (AI with CS and FS using the same ejaculate of each bull). Thus, the block subdivision was as follows: B1 (CS = 71 and FS = 72); B2 (CS = 18 and FS = 16); B3 (CS = 47 and FS = 43); and B4 (CS = 90 and FS = 89). The ejaculates of eight Murrah bulls collected using an artificial vagina were divided into two aliquots: one aliquot was diluted in Botu-Bov® commercial extender and cooled (BB-CS), and the other was diluted in the same extender and frozen (BB-FS). BB-CS aliquots were cooled at 5 °C/24 h using a refrigerator. BB-FS group aliquots were also cooled, and after equilibrating at 5 °C for 4 h, were placed in a 21-L Styrofoam box, 5 cm above the surface of liquid nitrogen. In the afternoon (A) on D0 (2:00 p.m.) the animals received EB 2.0 mg IM (Estrogin®) and an ear implant (CRESTAR® 3.0 mg P4). At D9 (A), the implant was removed, and the animals received eCG 400 IU IM (Folligon® 5000) + Cloprostenol PGF2α 0.530 mg IM (Sincrocio®). At D10 (A), the animals received EB 1.0 mg IM (Estrogin®), and at D12 (8:00 a.m.), AI was performed. At D42, pregnancy was diagnosed via ultrasonography. Total CRs were 48.2% CS and 34.6% FS for years 2014 to 2017, with a significant difference of 13.7% (P<0.05). In conclusion, cooled semen resulted in higher CR than frozen semen in dairy buffaloes under the P4/E2 and eCG FTAI during the unfavorable reproductive season.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Almeida
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M.F. Brito
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - B.P. Neves
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - P.A. Auler
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - J.P. Hadad
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - M. Henry
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
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21
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Lindley G, Willshire J, Van Winden S. Reproductive Performance and Partial Budget Analysis of a Prostaglandin or a Modified Ovsynch Protocol in Autumn Calving Dairy Herds. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041031. [PMID: 33917310 PMCID: PMC8067381 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In autumn calving dairy herds cattle must conceive within a restricted timeframe to maintain the seasonality of calving. Cattle not observed in estrus prior to the mating start date are frequently treated with a single prostaglandin injection even though its relative effectiveness is unknown. The perceived cost of other treatments, such as a modified Ovsynch protocol, may be a reason why they are less favored. This study compares the reproductive and economic outcomes associated with treating cows not observed in estrus prior to breeding with a modified Ovsynch protocol, in comparison to a single prostaglandin injection. The main inputs influencing profitability are identified, and differences in dry-off strategy are considered. From the analyses, cows treated with a modified Ovsynch protocol had a greater likelihood of conception at the beginning of, and throughout, the breeding season. Differences in barren rate and the amount of milk produced were the main variables affecting profitability, the latter strongly influenced by drying-off policy. Farmers and advisors should consider the relative performance of their breeding strategies as well as their own management policies to optimize reproductive and economic performance. Abstract In autumn calving dairy herds, treatment of cattle not observed in estrus prior to the breeding season is common. Routinely, a single prostaglandin or a modified Ovsynch (MOFT) protocol are used—without evidence of their relative effectiveness. This study compares the effects on conception, associated timing, and profitability of administering cows with prostaglandin or MOFT treatment. A hundred and ninety-two Holstein-Friesian cows from three herds without an observed estrus within 28-days before mating start date were randomly treated with d-cloprostenol (PGOD) or an 8-day MOFT protocol. The association of treatment and calving-breeding start-date interval (CBSI) on the risk of conception were investigated. Partial budget, sensitivity analysis, and Monte Carlo simulation was used to assess economic performance, identify critical input variables, and explore the effects of input uncertainties on model output. There was a significant association between MOFT treatment and conception during 21 and 84 days after mating start date, compared to PGOD. MOFT treatment was associated with a mean net benefit of £58.21 (sd £19.42) and £27.29 (sd £17.75) per cow for herds with a fixed or variable dry-off date, respectively. The relative profitability of an MOFT protocol is dependent on its effects on barren rate and herd dry-off strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Lindley
- Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jim Willshire
- Endell Farm Vets, 49 Endless Street, Salisbury SP1 3UH, UK;
| | - Steven Van Winden
- Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK;
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22
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Bosolasco D, Nuñez-Olivera R, de Brun V, Meikle A, Menchaca A. Estradiol cypionate administered at the end of a progesterone-based protocol for FTAI induces ovulation and improves postovulatory luteal function and uterine environment in anestrous beef cows. Theriogenology 2021; 162:74-83. [PMID: 33450716 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the administration of estradiol cypionate (ECP) at the end of an estradiol and progesterone-based protocol for fixed time artificial insemination (FTAI) on ovarian response and uterine function in postpartum anestrous beef cows. Multiparous suckled cows were randomly assigned to receive ECP at doses of 0 (control, n = 15), 0.5 (n = 15) or 1.0 mg (n = 15) im at the time of progesterone intravaginal insert removal. Serum 17β-estradiol concentrations at 24 h after insert removal were greater (P < 0.05) in both ECP treatments than in controls. No differences in estradiol were found between 0.5 mg and control cows (P > 0.1) from 48 h after insert removal until ovulation, although greater (P < 0.05) concentrations were maintained until ovulation in 1.0 mg ECP treated cows. Maximum 17β-estradiol concentration attained in each female was greater as ECP dose was greater (10.4 ± 0.4, 11.8 ± 0.5 and 13.5 ± 0.7, for control, 0.5 and 1.0 mg ECP treated cows, respectively; P < 005). Proportion of cows that ovulated tended to be greater (P = 0.06) in ECP treated than in control cows. Ovulation occurred earlier and the size of the ovulatory follicle was smaller (P < 0.05) for 1.0 mg but not for 0.5 mg (P > 0.1) when compared with control cows. After ovulation (Day 13 and 14), serum progesterone concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) in 0.5 and 1.0 mg ECP than control cows. Uterine environment on Day 6 after ovulation was affected by treatment; transcript expression of three of nine evaluated genes (i.e., estrogen, IGF-1 and insulin receptors genes) were upregulated (P < 0.05) after ECP treatment. In conclusion, ECP administration at progesterone insert removal in anestrous cows i) induces greater serum estradiol concentrations and tended to induce greater ovulation rate, ii) acts in a dose-dependent manner, as ECP dose increases ovulation occurs earlier and the size of the ovulatory follicle is smaller, iii) improves postovulatory luteal function and affects uterine gene expression. Altogether, this information contributes with the understanding of the effect of preovulatory estradiol exposure on ovulation and postovulatory ovarian and uterine function in anestrous beef cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bosolasco
- Fundacion IRAUy, Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Cno. Cruz del Sur, 2250, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - R Nuñez-Olivera
- Fundacion IRAUy, Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Cno. Cruz del Sur, 2250, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - V de Brun
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología y Metabolismo Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Laspalces, 1550, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - A Meikle
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología y Metabolismo Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Laspalces, 1550, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - A Menchaca
- Fundacion IRAUy, Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Cno. Cruz del Sur, 2250, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Kapay N, Kugelev I, Lyashenko Y. Optimization methods for correcting the duration of the anovulatory period of cattle. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20213606020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-calving anestrus leads to serious economic losses and is the reason for the animal culling. Deficiency of estrogen and hypofunctional state of the ovaries due to negative energy balance, as well as violations of the timing of postpartum involution of the uterus are considered the leading causes of an extended anovulatory period in fresh cows. A comparison was made of the therapeutic efficacy of Ovsynch scheme and Ovariovit preparation when used in first heifers with post-calving anestrus against the background of ovarian hypofunction. When using Ovsynch scheme, the fertility of the first insemination was 50%; estrous cyclicity recovered in 80% of first heifers. When using Ovariovit, the fertility of the first insemination was 60%; the estrous cycle was restored in 100% of first heifers.
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Kelly ET, McAloon CG, O'Grady L, Furlong J, Crowe MA, Beltman ME. Cow-level prevalence and risk factors for estrus detection inaccuracy in seasonal calving pasture-based dairy cows. Theriogenology 2020; 161:41-48. [PMID: 33279731 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
High submission rates and pregnancies per AI are essential to ensure compact calving is achieved in seasonal calving pasture-based systems. Estrus detection inaccuracy (EDI) is one area that negatively impacts pregnancies per AI as it increases the inseminations per pregnancy with little probability of conception, while also having the potential to disrupt established pregnancies. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to provide cow-level estimates of EDI prevalence and determine cow-level risk factors for EDI in seasonal calving pasture-based systems. A total of 1071 milk samples were obtained from 984 cows on 19 farms in spring 2018 and analyzed by radioimmunoassay to determine the progesterone concentration at the time of artificial insemination. Based on a validation study on a subset of cows, an inaccurate estrus detection was described as a concentration of progesterone in foremilk of ≥3 ng/ml which corresponded to a composite milk progesterone value of 5 ng/ml. To investigate selected risk factors for EDI, we conducted statistical analyses using two multivariate logistic regression models, stratifying by insemination number (first versus repeat). The overall prevalence of EDI was 4.7% with a prevalence of 3.3% of EDI at first insemination and 14.1% at repeat insemination. Absence of a mounting abrasion (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.0) was a significant risk factor for EDI on first insemination while abnormal preceding repeat interval (AOR = 9.5), the absence of an observed standing estrus (AOR = 12.5) and the absence of a mounting abrasion (AOR = 4.1) were significant risk factors for EDI on repeat insemination. The results indicate that cow-level estimated prevalence of EDI in a selection of pasture-based herds was low at first insemination but higher for repeat insemination. It confirms that certain cow-level risk factors existed for EDI, thus providing preliminary evidence for potential future investigation into the targeted use of on-farm progesterone assays in pasture-based herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmet T Kelly
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland.
| | - Conor G McAloon
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Luke O'Grady
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - J Furlong
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Mark A Crowe
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Marijke E Beltman
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
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25
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Azarbayejani R, Mohammadsadegh M. Glucose, insulin, and cortisol concentrations and glucose tolerance test in Holstein cows with inactive ovaries. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 53:41. [PMID: 33231743 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02448-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A total of 60 healthy (the control group) and 30 anestrous Holstein cows with inactive ovaries (the case group) from three dairy farms around Tehran were randomly selected and diagnosed to determine the concentrations of glucose, insulin, and cortisol, and the rate of the insulin resistance disorder in them. Primarily, serum samples were obtained from all animals, and the concentrations of glucose, insulin, and cortisol were measured in a laboratory. Thereupon, the glucose tolerance test (GTT) was implemented. Before the implementation of the GTT, the median of serum glucose levels (62 mg/dl), insulin (7.16 μIU/ml), and cortisol (2.5 μg/dl) was estimated in healthy cows. The median of serum glucose levels (68.5 mg/dl, p = 0.00009) was higher, and serum insulin (6.1 μIU/ml, p = 0.025) and cortisol (1.1 μg/dl, p = 0.00029) levels were lesser in the anestrous cows when estimated simultaneously. After the implementation of GTT, the median of serum glucose concentrations in one (120 mg/dl), two (73.5 mg/dl), and three (63.5 mg/dl) hours after the glucose injection was estimated in healthy cows. The findings also showed that the median of serum glucose levels was lesser in one (100 mg/dl, p = 0.015), similar in two (77.5 mg/dl, p = 0.9), and higher in three (70 mg/dl, p = 0.012) hours after the glucose injection in anestrous cows. In conclusion, higher serum glucose, lesser insulin and cortisol concentrations, and the different correlation between serum glucose and insulin levels before the GTT were detected in anestrous cows. The pattern of glucose changes also differed in anestrous cows after the GTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Azarbayejani
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sciences and researches Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Mohammadsadegh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran.
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Chambers GP, O'Sullivan ML, Compton C. Effect of treatment of phantom cows with a progesterone-based synchrony programme. N Z Vet J 2020; 68:313-323. [PMID: 32192414 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2020.1745109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To determine the effect of a progesterone-based synchrony programme on the daily hazard of conception and the probability of being pregnant at the end of the seasonal mating period in cows not observed in oestrus within 35-49 days of insemination and that were diagnosed non-pregnant (phantom cows) on seasonally calving New Zealand dairy farms. Secondary aims were to determine the prevalence of phantom cows and estimate the proportion of phantom cows with a functional corpus luteum (CL) at enrolment. Methods: Phantom cows from 14 New Zealand commercial dairy farms were enrolled in a randomised, controlled trial. Cows that were artificially inseminated ≤14 days after mating start date and were not subsequently detected in oestrus, were presented for pregnancy diagnosis approximately 49 days after mating start date. Non-pregnant cows were diagnosed as phantom cows and randomly allocated to treatment and control groups. A milk sample was collected for progesterone assay to determine the presence of a functional CL. Treatment consisted of an injection of buserelin and insertion of an intravaginal device containing progesterone on Day 0, injections of dinoprost and equine chorionic gonadotrophin, and removal of the intravaginal device on Day 7, injection of buserelin on Day 9, and fixed time artificial insemination on Day 10. Treatment group cows were then mixed with bulls for the remainder of the seasonal mating period. Cows allocated to the control group were mated naturally by bulls. Statistical models were constructed to determine the effect of treatment on the daily hazard of conception and the probability of being pregnant at the end of the seasonal mating period. Results: A total of 378/4,214 (9.0%) cows presented for pregnancy diagnosis were diagnosed as phantom cows. A functional CL was diagnosed in 257/362 (71.0%) phantom cows. Median predicted enrolment to conception intervals were 33 (95% CI = 30-45) and 30 (95% CI = 28-33) days, for cows in the control and treatment groups, respectively. The odds of being pregnant at the end of mating were 1.70 (95% CI = 1.34-2.17) times greater for treated phantom cows than untreated phantom cows. Estimated marginal mean proportion pregnant at mating end date were 59.5 (95% CI = 47.9-70.1)% and 71.5 (95% CI = 62.6-79.0)% for control and treatment group cows, respectively. Conclusions: Treatment with a progesterone-based synchrony programme significantly increased the probability of phantom cows being pregnant at the end of the seasonal mating period.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Chambers
- Zoetis New Zealand Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Cwr Compton
- EpiCentre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Abdelnaby EA. Hemodynamic changes evaluated by Doppler ultrasonographic technology in the ovaries and uterus of dairy cattle after the puerperium. Reprod Biol 2020; 20:202-209. [PMID: 32169368 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The present detailed study aimed to establish for the first time the ovarian and uterine hemodynamic change in dairy cows after the end of the puerperal period to investigate a possible association between Doppler indices and volume of blood flow. Twenty cows weighing 500-600 kg (mean 400 ± 50 kg) and 4-5 years of age (mean 3.2 ± 0.5 years) categorized into two main groups (true anestrum, with corpus luteum, n = 10) and (normal cyclic, n = 10), The period of examination started from day 39 till day 70 after calving with day after day routinely examination by b-mode and Doppler performed on both ovaries with ovarian arteries (OA) and uterus with uterine arteries (MUA) in the ipsilateral (ipsi) and contralateral (contra) side to ovulation, in addition to a thickness in horns and body was measured. Estradiol and progesterone were also measured. Results showed that both Doppler indices in the OA and MUA ipsi and contra had a positive (P ≤ 0.001) correlation with contra Doppler indices, but revealed a negative (P ≤ 0.05) correlation with ipsi and contra Doppler velocities, blood flow rate and volume in anestrum cows. Both ovarian and uterine ipsi indices showed an increase (P ≤ 0.05) in the anestrum cows, and both PSV and EDV of both arteries ipsilateral showed (P ≤ 0.05) a decrease in the anestrum cows, the ipsi and contra ovarian and uterine colored % were lower in anestrum group than the normal group. Estradiol (P ≤ 0.05) decreased in anestrum cows than the normal, while progesterone increased in the anestrum group. Conclusion, although uterine and ovarian morphology were changed in anestrum cows, the vascular system of the ovary as well as uterus underwent much more marked vascular changes, the most significant being that of blood flow velocities and volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elshymaa Ahmed Abdelnaby
- Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza square, 12211, Egypt.
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28
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Meier S, Kay JK, Kuhn-Sherlock B, Heiser A, Mitchell MD, Crookenden MA, Riboni MV, Loor JJ, Roche JR. Effects of far-off and close-up transition cow feeding on uterine health, postpartum anestrous interval, and reproductive outcomes in pasture-based dairy cows. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:17. [PMID: 32042415 PMCID: PMC7003407 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0416-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In seasonal, pasture-based, dairy production systems, cows must recover from calving and become pregnant within two to 3 months. To achieve this, the uterus must involute and ovulation must occur and continue at regular intervals. As these processes are affected by the cows' nutritional or metabolic status post-calving, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cow feeding strategies on uterine health, the length of postpartum anestrous interval, and reproductive outcomes. The treatments consisted of two feeding strategies during late-lactation and early dry period (far-off period; starting 4-month pre-calving) and three close-up dry period feeding regimes (1-month pre-calving) in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. We randomly assigned 150 cows to one of two far-off treatments. During late lactation, the herds (n = 75 cows per herd) were either control-fed (Controlfed) or over-fed (Overfed) to achieve a low or high body condition score (4-month pre-calving; BCS; ~ 4.25 and ~ 4.75; 10-point scale) at cessation of lactation. Within each of these treatments, three feeding levels were applied during the close-up period (1-month pre-calving): ~ 65% (Feed65), ~ 90% (Feed90), or ~ 120% (Feed120) of metabolizable energy (ME) intakes relative to pre-calving requirements. Results Uterine health improved (i.e. polymorphonucleated (PMN) cells declined) with increased feeding during the close-up period for cows in the Overfed group. The reverse was evident for the Controlfed group with the greatest PMN at the highest intakes during the close-up period. The postpartum anoestrous interval (PPAI) was shorter in cows from the Overfed group when moderately fed (Feed90) during the close-up period; in comparison, the PPAI was shorter in the Controlfed group, when those cows were overfed in the close-up period (Feed120). The cows in the Overfed treatment had greater conception and pregnancy rates if cows had moderate dry matter intakes (Feed90) during the close-up period; these reproductive variables were less under excessive feed intakes (Feed120); yet, close-up dry matter intake had little effect on conception and pregnancy rates for the Controlfed group. Conclusions The far-off feeding strategies increased early reproductive outcomes at 3 weeks of mating. Additionally, the interaction between far-off and close-up feeding strategies resulted in high six-week pregnancy rate with a slight restriction during the close-up period but only in the far-off Overfed group. Thus, our hypothesis is supported under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Meier
- DairyNZ Limited, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton, 3240 New Zealand
| | - J K Kay
- DairyNZ Limited, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton, 3240 New Zealand
| | - B Kuhn-Sherlock
- DairyNZ Limited, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton, 3240 New Zealand
| | - A Heiser
- 2AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, 4442 New Zealand
| | - M D Mitchell
- 3Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland University of Technology, Level 6, 62 Graham Street, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101 Australia
| | - M A Crookenden
- 2AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, 4442 New Zealand.,4DairyNZ Limited, c/o University of Auckland, 3A Symonds St, Auckland, 1010 New Zealand
| | - M Vailati Riboni
- 5Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801 USA
| | - J J Loor
- 5Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801 USA
| | - J R Roche
- DairyNZ Limited, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton, 3240 New Zealand.,6Ministry for Primary Industries-Manatū Ahu Matua, Charles Ferguson Tower, Pipitea, Wellington, 6140 New Zealand.,7School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
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29
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Ratzburg K, Jorgensen-Muga K, Murugesan J, Kastelic J, Kasimanickam V, Kasimanickam R. Presynchronization with CIDR, with or without GnRH, prior to CO-Synch in beef heifers. Theriogenology 2020; 146:80-87. [PMID: 32062151 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objectives were to compare ovarian responses and pregnancy per AI (P/AI) in Angus-cross beef heifers (n = 521; 4 locations) synchronized with CIDR-CO-Synch (CCOS) versus CIDR-GnRH-CO-Synch (CGCOS) protocols. Heifers were assigned a reproductive tract score (RTS: 1, immature, acyclic; 5, mature, cyclic), body condition score (BCS: 1, emaciated; 9, obese) and temperament score (0, calm, 1, excitable). Heifers in the CCOS (n = 261) group received a CIDR on Day -20 (removed on Day -13), 100 μg GnRH on Day -10, 25 mg PGF2α on Day -3 and were timed inseminated 60 h later, with concomitant GnRH (Day 0). Heifers in the CGCOS (n = 260) group received a CIDR on Day -26 (removed on Day -19), 100 μg of GnRH on days -16 and -10, 25 mg of PGF2α on Day -3 and were timed inseminated 60 h later, with concomitant GnRH (Day 0). Ovarian ultrasonography was done in a subset of heifers (n = 60; 30 in each group) to determine number and size of ovarian follicles and presence of corpus luteum (CL). There was increased (P < 0.05) percentage of heifers with CL in CGCOS group compared to heifers in CCOS group on Day -10 (82.3 vs 68.2%) and on Day -3 (88.3 vs 75.1%). Average size of the largest ovarian follicle on Day 0 was greater for heifers in CGCOS group compared to CCOS group (P < 0.05). However, P/AI did not differ between CCOS and CGCOS groups, 55.0% (143/260) and 59.8% (156/261), respectively (P > 0.1). In conclusion, CIDR presynchronization with or without GnRH (CCOS and CGCOS protocols) in beef heifers resulted in similar P/AI. Adding GnRH to presynchronization with CIDR resulted in more heifers with a CL at PGF2α and increased preovulatory follicle diameter at AI. Future studies are needed with bigger sample size and CIDR + CO-Synch treatment as control to determine economic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamron Ratzburg
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Katriana Jorgensen-Muga
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Jeeviya Murugesan
- Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, TN, India
| | - John Kastelic
- Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Vanmathy Kasimanickam
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Ramanathan Kasimanickam
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
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Neglia G, de Nicola D, Esposito L, Salzano A, D'Occhio MJ, Fatone G. Reproductive management in buffalo by artificial insemination. Theriogenology 2020; 150:166-172. [PMID: 31982156 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Artificial insemination (AI) is important for genetic improvement and to control the period of breeding in buffalo and has increased significantly over the past 20 years. AI is more difficult in buffalo compared with cattle due to variable estrous cycles, reduced estrous behavior, and reproductive seasonality. The latter is associated with a higher incidence of anestrus and increased embryonic mortality during the nonbreeding season. Protocols to control the stage of the estrous cycle have undergone recent development in buffalo. These protocols are based on the control of both the luteal phase of the cycle, mainly by prostaglandins and progesterone, and follicle development and ovulation, by prostaglandins, progesterone, GnRH, hCG, eCG and estradiol. Protocols that synchronize the time of ovulation enable fixed timed AI, avoiding estrous detection. Factors to consider when selecting an AI protocol include animal category (heifers, primiparous or pluriparous), reproductive status (cyclic or anestrus), and season. This review looks at the current status of estrus synchronization and AI in buffalo and provides some practical suggestions for application of AI in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Neglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Federico II University of Naples, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137, Napoli, NA, Italy.
| | - Donato de Nicola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Federico II University of Naples, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137, Napoli, NA, Italy
| | - Luigi Esposito
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Federico II University of Naples, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137, Napoli, NA, Italy
| | - Angela Salzano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Federico II University of Naples, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137, Napoli, NA, Italy
| | - Michael John D'Occhio
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gerardo Fatone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Federico II University of Naples, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137, Napoli, NA, Italy
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Rojas Canadas E, Herlihy M, Kenneally J, Grant J, Kearney F, Lonergan P, Butler S. Associations between postpartum phenotypes, cow factors, genetic traits, and reproductive performance in seasonal-calving, pasture-based lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:1016-1030. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-16001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Rojas Canadas E, Herlihy MM, Kenneally J, Grant J, Kearney F, Lonergan P, Butler ST. Associations between postpartum fertility phenotypes and genetic traits in seasonal-calving, pasture-based lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2019; 103:1002-1015. [PMID: 31677840 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-16000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the associations between corpus luteum (CL) status, uterine health, body condition score (BCS), metabolic status, and parity at wk 3 and 7 postpartum in seasonal-calving, pasture-based, lactating dairy cows. The associations between those phenotypes and individual genetic traits were also evaluated. First- and second-parity spring-calving lactating dairy cows (n = 2,600) from 35 dairy farms in Ireland were enrolled. Farms were visited every 2 weeks; cows that were at wk 3 (range 14 to 27 DIM) and wk 7 (range 42 to 55 DIM) postpartum were examined. Body condition score was measured using a scale of 1 to 5 with 0.25 increments. Transrectal ultrasound examination was performed at wk 3 and 7 postpartum to determine presence or absence of CL and ultrasound reproductive tract score. Blood samples were collected at each visit and the concentrations of glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), and fatty acids (FA) were analyzed by using enzymatic colorimetry. Cows were grouped into 3 BCS categories [low (≤2.5), target (≥2.75 and ≤3.25), and high (≥3.5)]; 2 CL status categories: (present or absent); 2 uterine health status (UHS) categories (normal and abnormal); and 3 metabolic status categories [good (high glucose, low fatty acids and BHB), poor (low glucose, high fatty acids and BHB), and moderate (all other combinations)]. Fisher's exact test was used to test associations between variables and was supplemented by logistic regression. We found associations between UHS (wk 3 and 7), BCS (wk 3 and 7), parity (wk 3 and 7) metabolic status (wk 3), and predicted transmitting ability for calving interval (PTA for CIV; wk 3) and CL status. Cows that had abnormal UHS, low BCS, primiparity, and poor metabolic status, and were in the quartile with the greatest PTA for CIV were less likely to have had CL present at wk 3 and 7 postpartum. We also found associations between CL status (wk 3 and 7), BCS (wk 3 and 7), parity (wk 3 and 7), and PTA for CIV (wk 3) and UHS. Cows that did not have a CL present had low BCS, primiparity, and that were in the quartile with greatest PTA for CIV, had a greater risk of abnormal UHS at wk 3 and 7 postpartum. We observed strong associations between CL status, UHS, BCS, metabolic status, parity, and individual genetic traits at wk 3 and 7 postpartum in seasonal-calving, pasture-based lactating dairy cows. Achieving target BCS and good metabolic status, and selecting cows based on PTA for CIV, are all expected to increase the likelihood of hastening the resumption of estrous cyclicity and enhancing uterine health during the postpartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rojas Canadas
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland, P61 C996; School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland, D04 N2E
| | - M M Herlihy
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland, P61 C996
| | - J Kenneally
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland, P61 C996
| | - J Grant
- Research Operations Group, Teagasc, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland, D15 DY05
| | - F Kearney
- Irish Cattle Breeding Association, Highfield House, Shinagh, Bandon, Co. Cork, Ireland, P72 X050
| | - P Lonergan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland, D04 N2E
| | - S T Butler
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland, P61 C996.
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Bates AJ, Saldias B. A comparison of machine learning and logistic regression in modelling the association of body condition score and submission rate. Prev Vet Med 2019; 171:104765. [PMID: 31499454 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The effect of body condition score (BCS) on reproductive outcomes is complex, dynamic and non-linear with interaction and confounding. The flexibility inherent in machine learning algorithms makes them attractive for analysing complex data. This study was designed to compare the ability of a range of machine learning techniques in estimating the probability of service within 21 days of the planned start of mating. We hypothesised that if there were complex and unknown interactions or non-linearity in the data, some machine learning algorithms would result in superior model performance compared to regression models. For a period of six months from the planned start of calving, BCS was visually assessed once a month for 6127 cows on 8 commercial New Zealand dairy farms by a trained veterinarian using the DairyNZ 10-point range for every cow in the herd. Cow, lactation and reproductive data was extracted from the national herd database. This data was used to predict probability of service within 21 days of planned start of mating (PSM) using mixed multivariable logistic regression and decision tree, k-nearest neighbour, random forest and neural network analysis. Models were adjusted for herd, cow age, breed, days in milk, BCS at calving, BCS change between calving and mating, BCS change after mating, volume adjusted milk protein and fat concentration pre-mating. Models were constructed on a training data set using 10-fold cross validation repeated 10 times and evaluated on a test data set using discrimination and calibration techniques. In all models, days calved at PSM was the most important variable for predicting submission rate, followed by BCS at PSM. Factors associated with an increased probability of insemination were calving at a BCS of 5.0, losing less BCS after calving, having a higher BCS at nadir, losing BCS rapidly after calving, nadir occurring before PSM and calving early. All the models except for the decision tree had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) in the range 0.68-0.73 indicating good overall discriminatory power, but calibration analysis suggested all models were better at predicting cows that got inseminated than correctly identifying animals that did not get inseminated. Overall, the machine learning techniques were no better than a generalised logistic regression model. These results highlight the importance of BCS targets at calving and indicate BCS loss, milk characteristics and days calves may be useful indicators identifying cows at risk of poor reproductive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Bates
- Vetlife Scientific, 1, Waitohi-Temuka Road, Temuka 7920, New Zealand.
| | - B Saldias
- Centre for Dairy Excellence, 20, Wilson Street, Geraldine 7930, New Zealand
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Baruselli PS, Catussi BLC, de Abreu LÂ, Elliff FM, da Silva LG, Batista EDOS. Challenges to increase the AI and ET markets in Brazil. Anim Reprod 2019; 16:364-375. [PMID: 32435280 PMCID: PMC7234119 DOI: 10.21451/1984-3143-ar2019-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial insemination (AI) and embryo transfer (ET) are the most widely used biotechnologies in the world with the goal of increasing genetic gain and improving reproductive efficiency of beef and dairy herds. The protocols for ovulation synchronization for timed AI (TAI) or ET (TET) are tools that allow artificial insemination or transfer of a high number of embryos in a pre-established moment and without the necessity of estrous detection. Currently, 86% of inseminations in Brazil are performed using TAI (13.6 million TAI out of a total of 15.4 million doses of semen marketed in 2018). With the use of TAI, it was possible to verify that the percentage of artificially inseminated females in Brazil went from 5.8% in 2002 to 13.1% in 2018. The ET market also presented considerable growth in the last 20 years. There was an increase of approximately 8 fold in the number of produced embryos, escalating from 50,000 in 1999 to 375,000 in 2017. In this period, there was a significant increase on the in vitro embryo production, which represented 92.1% of embryos produced in Brazil in 2017. Also, in this period, there was an increase on the embryo production of dairy breeds and reduction on the embryo production of zebu breeds in comparison to data from the early 2000's. TET increases significantly the number of recipients suitable to receive an embryo. After synchronization, 75 to 85% of recipients present a suitable CL for ET without estrous detection. Currently, many synchronization and resynchronization protocols for TAI/TET have been studied to attend different managements, breeds and animal categories, with predictable and satisfactory results. With the intensification of the use of these biotechnologies, it is possible to obtain elevated reproductive efficiency with increase on the genetic gain, which determines greater productivity and economic return for dairy and beef farms. However, the challenge to keep the market growing in the next decade could depend on some factors, such as: increase of the extension services for producers and of the extension training for specialists, improvement of the technological advances to develop more efficient and cost-effective products and practical protocols, increase the integration between universities, research institutes, veterinarians and industries and also, asses market demand for production of animal protein with higher quality, efficiency and environmental and economic sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Sampaio Baruselli
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
| | - Bruna Lima Chechin Catussi
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
| | - Laís Ângelo de Abreu
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
| | - Flavia Morag Elliff
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
| | - Laísa Garcia da Silva
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
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Cavalieri J. Absence of a corpus luteum and relatively lesser concentrations of progesterone during the period of pre-ovulatory follicle emergence results in lesser pregnancy rates in Bos indicus cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 204:39-49. [PMID: 30853120 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Concentrations of progesterone before AI have had variable effects on fertility in both Bos indicus and Bos taurus cattle. The aim of this study was to determine if fertility and concentrations of progesterone after AI were affected in Bos indicus females when pre-ovulatory follicles develop in the absence or presence of a corpus luteum (CL). Between 6.5-7.5 days after a synchronised oestrus, all follicles ≥4 mm in diameter were aspirated (Day 0) and cloprostenol was administered on Days 0 and 1 (LP4, n = 36) or on Days 4 and 5 (HP4, n = 40). Animals were inseminated on detection of oestrus until Day 9. Breeding continued using natural mating between Days 9 and 19, AI on detection of oestrus between Day 19 and 29 and natural mating between Days 29-90. Mean concentrations of progesterone were less on Days 2-4 in the LP4 compared to the HP4-treated animals but similar on Days 14 and 20. In the LP4- compared to the HP4-treated animals, the odds of being detected in oestrus and ovulating close to the first AI were similar, but odds of pregnancy to first AI (OR = 0.19, 95% CI 0.07 - 0.52) and after 1, 4 and 13 weeks of breeding were less (P ≤ 0.051). Absence of a CL and relatively lesser concentrations of progesterone during emergence of pre-ovulatory follicles resulted in lesser pregnancy rates to AI in Bos indicus cattle but did not affect concentrations of P4 after ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Cavalieri
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Qld 4811, Australia.
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Rojas Canadas E, Gobikrushanth M, Fernandez P, Kenneally J, Lonergan P, Butler ST. Evaluation of alternative strategies to treat anoestrous dairy cows and implications for reproductive performance in pasture-based seasonal calving herds: A pilot study. Theriogenology 2019; 127:130-136. [PMID: 30685688 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to assess the effects on ovulation and reproductive performance of a single injection of either GnRH or hCG applied 9 days before the start of the seasonal breeding period in anovulatory anoestrus cows compared with a 7-day progesterone-Ovsynch protocol. The study was conducted on four grass-based seasonal calving dairy herds in Ireland. The total number of cows in the herds was 2112, of which 488 were diagnosed as anoestrus based on absence of behavioural oestrus during a 30 day period. Ovarian structures and the uterus were examined by transrectal ultrasound on all 488 presumptive anestrus cows 9 days before mating start date (MSD). The number of corpora lutea (CL), number of large follicles (≥10 mm) and uterine reproductive tract score were recorded. Only cows that had no CL, ultrasound reproductive tract score ≤2 and were ≥30 days in milk (DIM) were enrolled in the study (n = 214). Cows were blocked by parity, DIM and body condition score and randomly assigned to one of four treatments: i.m. injection of gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue [GnRH; (n = 57)], i.m. injection of human chorionic gonadotropin [hCG; (n = 48)], 7-day Progesterone-Ovsynch protocol [P4OV; (n = 60)] and Control (no hormonal intervention, n = 49). A second ultrasound examination was performed 7 days after treatment to determine ovulatory response. There was a treatment effect on ovulation rate (P < 0.0001), whereby Control cows had a lesser ovulation rate compared with GnRH-, hCG- and P4OV-treated cows. Submission rate during the first 21 days of the breeding period [SR21; (P = 0.74)], pregnant to first service [P/AI1; (P = 0.24)], pregnant within 42 days after the onset of breeding [P42; (P = 0.73)], and pregnant within 84 days after the onset of breeding were not affected by treatment. A tendency was observed (P = 0.07) for greater likelihood of pregnancy within 21 days after the onset of breeding (P21) for P4OV and Control cows compared with GnRH- and hCG-treated cows. GnRH- and hCG-treated cows tended (P = 0.10) to have greater P/AI1 when first service events occurred after day 21 of the breeding period compared with Control cows. P4OV cows had shorter MSD to first service interval (P = 0.0001) and shorter MSD to conception interval (P = 0.02) compared with Control, GnRH- and hCG-treated cows. In conclusion, treatment of anestrous cows with GnRH or hCG resulted in an increase in ovulation rate compared with untreated Control cows, but did not improve reproductive performance during the first 21 days of the breeding season. The best reproductive performance results were obtained with the P4OV treatment, but this treatment has the greatest cost, and has the greatest number of interventions. The observation of good P/AI1 in hCG- and GnRH- treated cows when the first insemination occurred later than day 21 after MSD warrants further investigation, and suggests that these interventions should be applied earlier than 9 days before the farm MSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rojas Canadas
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland; School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - M Gobikrushanth
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - P Fernandez
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - J Kenneally
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - P Lonergan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - S T Butler
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
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Xavier EG, Galina CS, Pimentel CA, Rechsteiner SF, Maquivar M. Calf presence and estrous response, ovarian follicular activity and the pattern of luteinizing hormone in postpartum Bos indicus cows. Anim Reprod 2018; 15:1208-1213. [PMID: 34221134 PMCID: PMC8203114 DOI: 10.21451/1984-3143-ar2017-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of the present experiment was to assess the effect of temporary weaning on the onset of estrus, ovarian follicular activity and secretion of luteinizing hormone in Bos indicus cows. Forty six mature cows were divided into three groups 1) calves were weaned for 72 h allowing auditory, olfactory and visual contact with their dams (VISUAL, n = 17), 2) calves without contact with their dams for 72 h (NC, n = 17) and 3) calves not weaned and in constant contact with their dams (CTRL, n = 12). Estrus was synchronized in all cows using CIDR for 9 days plus 2 mg of estradiol benzoate given at CIDR insertion. The VISUAL group had a greater (P < 0.05) proportion of cows in estrus (76.5%) compared to the CTRL group (16.7%), but no differences were found when compared to the NC group (58.8%). The VISUAL group had a greater proportion of animal that ovulated (76.5%) compared to CTRL (33.3%) and NC groups (64.7%; P = 0.059). Duration of estrus was shorter (P = 0.04) in the VISUAL (8.4 ± 4.4 hours) than in the NC (12.9 ± 13.4 hours) however, CTRL treatment (11 ± 1.4 hours) was not different from either of these two groups. LH concentration after implant removal was similar among treatments and started to increase at 36 h post CIDR removal. Only in the CTRL group was there an obvious increase by 54 h after implant removal. Follicular size increased in diameter from 36 h and were evident in treatments and control groups by 60 h (P < 0.05). The VISUAL treatment increased the number of cows ovulating and shortened the length of estrus. VISUAL and NC groups showed a similar response in follicular growth and pattern of circulating LH because of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Salvador Galina
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia,UNAM, México
| | | | | | - Martin Maquivar
- Department of Animal Sciences. Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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The combination of β-carotene and vitamins improve the pregnancy rate at first fixed-time artificial insemination in grazing beef cows. Livest Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Randi F, Sánchez JM, Herlihy MM, Valenza A, Kenny DA, Butler ST, Lonergan P. Effect of equine chorionic gonadotropin treatment during a progesterone-based timed artificial insemination program on reproductive performance in seasonal-calving lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:10526-10535. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Cavalieri J, Gaina C, Hepworth G. Randomised controlled trial of the effect of concentration of progesterone before artificial insemination on fertility in ovulatory and anovulatory Bos indicus
cattle. Aust Vet J 2018; 96:346-355. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Cavalieri
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences; James Cook University; Townsville Queensland 4811 Australia
| | - C Gaina
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences; James Cook University; Townsville Queensland 4811 Australia
| | - G Hepworth
- The Statistical Consulting Centre; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
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Pessoa GA, Martini AP, Sá Filho MF, Batistella Rubin MI. Resynchronization improves reproductive efficiency of suckled Bos taurus beef cows subjected to spring-summer or autumn-winter breeding season in South Brazil. Theriogenology 2018; 122:14-22. [PMID: 30199740 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of estrus resynchronization (RE) after the first Timed Artificial Insemination (TAI) protocol on reproductive efficiency of suckled Bos taurus beef cows (n = 1052; Angus and Brangus) subjected to two different breeding season (BS) in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. In experiment 1, cows were maintained in native pasture on conventional BS (spring-summer), and in experiment 2, cows were maintained in a grazing area cultivated in an integrated crop-livestock system on modified BS (autumn -winter). Experiment 1 cows (n = 92) were randomly distributed in two reproductive managements: 1) TAI at the first day of the BS (Day 0), followed by natural service (NS) on day 10 until the end of the BS (TAI + NS; n = 45) or, 2) TAI on day 0, followed by RE 22 days after the first TAI and then followed by NS on day 42 until the end of the BS (TAI + RE22 + NS; n = 47). Experiment 2 cows (n = 960) were subjected to one of four reproductive managements: 1) only NS for 90 days of the BS (NS; n = 266); 2) TAI on day 0, followed by NS on day 10 until the end of the BS (TAI + NS; n = 200); 3) TAI on day 0, followed by RE 22 days after the first TAI and then followed by NS on day 42 until the end of the BS (TAI + RE22 + NS; n = 249) or, 4) TAI on day 0, followed by RE 30 days after the first TAI and then followed by NS on day 50 until the end of the BS (TAI + RE30 + NS; n = 245). In experiment 1, conception rate after first TAI was similar for treatments TAI + NS (42%, 19/45) and TAI + RE22 + NS (48%, 23/47; P = 0.4107). Total pregnancy rates at day 60 of the BS were 55.6% and 66.6% for TAI + NS and TAI + RE22 + NS, respectively (P = 0.006). In experiment 2, only 3% of the females submitted to NS were pregnant 30 days after the onset of BS, a lower rate compared to other groups (TAI + NS = 40%; TAI + RE22 + NS = 39.8%; TAI + RE30 + NS = 40%; P < 0.001). At 70 days of the BS, the groups TAI + RE22 + NS and TAI + RE30 + NS obtained greater pregnancy rate (66.3% and 69.4%, respectively) than other groups (NS = 16.9%; TAI + NS = 48%; P < 0.001). Pregnancy rate at the end of BS was greater in RE groups (TAI + RE22 + NS = 81.5%; TAI + RE30 + NS = 83.7%) than the NS (45.1%) or TAI + NS (71%). In conclusion, resynchronization increases pregnancy rate per AI (P/AI) and reproductive efficiency of suckled Bos taurus beef cows during spring-summer or autumn-winter breeding season in natural pasture or cultivated pasture, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilson Antonio Pessoa
- EMBRYOLAB BIOTECHNOLOGY, Department of Large Animals, Federal University of Santa Maria. 97.105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Martini
- EMBRYOLAB BIOTECHNOLOGY, Department of Large Animals, Federal University of Santa Maria. 97.105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Mara Iolanda Batistella Rubin
- EMBRYOLAB BIOTECHNOLOGY, Department of Large Animals, Federal University of Santa Maria. 97.105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Monteiro BM, Souza DCD, Vasconcellos GDSFMD, Carvalho NATD, Baruselli PS. Effect of season on dairy buffalo reproductive performance when using P4/E2/eCG-based fixed-time artificial insemination management. Theriogenology 2018; 119:275-281. [PMID: 30064074 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the reproductive efficiency of dairy buffaloes subjected to TAI protocols based on progesterone, estrogen, and equine chorionic gonadotrophin (P4/E2+eCG) during the fall/winter (n = 168) and spring/summer (n = 183). Buffaloes received an intravaginal P4 device (1.0 g) plus estradiol benzoate (EB; 2.0 mg im) at a random stage of the estrous cycle (D-12). Nine days later (D-3), the P4 device was removed and buffaloes were given PGF2α (0.53 mg im sodium cloprostenol) plus eCG (400 IU im). GnRH (10 μg im buserelin acetate) was administered 48 h after P4 device removal (D-1). All animals were subjected to TAI 16 h after GnRH administration (D0). Frozen-thawed semen from one bull was used for all TAI, which were all performed by the same technician. Ultrasound examinations were performed on D-12 and D-3 to ascertain cyclicity (presence of CL), D-3 and D0 to measure the diameter of the dominant follicle (ØDF), D+10 to verify the ovulation rate and diameter of the corpus luteum (ØCL), and D+30 and D+45 to detect pregnancy rate (P/AI 30d and 45d, respectively) and embryonic mortality (EM). Fetal mortality (FM) was established between 45 days and birth, and pregnancy loss between 30 days and birth. There were significant differences between fall/winter and spring/summer only for cyclicity rate [76.2% (128/168) vs. 42.6% (78/183); P = 0.02]. The others variables did not differ between the seasons: ØDF on D-3 (9.6 ± 0.2 mm vs. 9.8 ± 0.2 mm; P = 0.35); ØDF on D0 (13.1 ± 0.2 mm vs. 13.2 ± 0.2 mm; P = 0.47); ovulation rate [86.9% (146/168) vs. 82.9% (152/182); P = 0.19]; ØCL on D+10 (19.0 ± 0.3 mm vs. 18.4 ± 0.3 mm, P = 0.20); P/AI on D+30 [66.7% (112/168) vs. 62.7% (111/177); P = 0.31]; P/AI on D+45 [64.8%% (107/165) vs. 60.2% (106/176); P = 0.37]; EM [1.8% (2/111) vs. 3.6% (4/110); P = 0.95]; FM [21.9% (18/82) vs. 8.0% (7/87); P = 0.13]; and PL [23.8% (20/84) vs. 12.1% (11/91); P = 0.13]. In conclusion, dairy buffaloes present similar reproductive efficiency in fall/winter and spring/summer when subjected to P4/E2/eCG-based protocol for TAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Moura Monteiro
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Diego Cavalcante de Souza
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Rural Development Office, Registro, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pietro Sampaio Baruselli
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Synchronization treatments previous to natural breeding anticipate and improve the pregnancy rate of postpartum primiparous beef cows. Theriogenology 2018; 114:206-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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44
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de Graaff W, Grimard B. Progesterone-releasing devices for cattle estrus induction and synchronization: Device optimization to anticipate shorter treatment durations and new device developments. Theriogenology 2018; 112:34-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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45
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Izzo MM, Humphris M, Pryor L, Perry A, Morton JM. Reproductive performance of cows after fixed-time artificial insemination with ovulation synchronisation and re-synchrony in southern Australian dairy herds. Aust Vet J 2018; 96:111-119. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- MM Izzo
- The Vet Group; Allansford Victoria Australia
| | | | - L Pryor
- Boehringer Ingelheim; North Ryde New South Wales Australia
| | - A Perry
- Kyabram Veterinary Clinic; Kyabram Victoria Australia
| | - JM Morton
- Jemora Pty Ltd; Geelong Victoria Australia
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Abstract
The aim of this review is to compare the performance of different reproductive programs using natural service, estrus synchronization treatment before natural service (timed natural breeding (TNB)), artificial insemination (AI) following estrus detection and timed artificial insemination (TAI) in beef herds. It is well known that after parturition the beef cow undergoes a period of anestrous, when they do not exhibit estrus, eliminating the opportunity to become pregnant in the early postpartum by natural mating or by AI after detection of estrus. Hormonal stimulation is already a consistent and well-proven strategy used to overcome postpartum anestrus in beef herds. Basically, hormones that normally are produced during the estrous cycle of the cow can be administered in physiological doses to induce cyclicity and to precisely synchronize follicular growth, estrus and ovulation. Furthermore, two options of mating may be used after hormonal stimulation: natural service (i.e. utilization of bull service after synchronization, referred to as TNB) and TAI. These strategies improve the reproductive efficiency of the herds compared with natural service without estrus induction or synchronization. After the first synchronized service, the most common strategy adopted to get non-pregnant cows pregnant soon is the introduction of clean-up bulls until the end of the breeding season. However, methods to resynchronize non-pregnant cows after the first service are already well established and offer a potential tool to reduce the time for subsequent inseminations. Thus, the use of these technologies enable to eliminate the use of bulls by using resynchronization programs (i.e. two, three or four sequential TAI procedures). The dissemination of efficient reproductive procedures, such as TNB, TAI and Resynch programs, either isolated or in combination, enables the production of a greater quantity (obtaining increased pregnancy rates early in the breeding season) and quality (maximization of the use of AI with superior genetic sires) of beef calves. These technologies can contribute to improve the production efficiency, and consequently, improve livestock profitability.
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Díaz BR, Galina CS, Rubio I, Corro M, Pablos JL, Orihuela A. Monitoring changes in back fat thickness and its effect on the restoration of ovarian activity and fertility in Bos indicus cows. Reprod Domest Anim 2018; 53:495-501. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- BR Díaz
- Departamento de Reproducción; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Mexico City Mexico
| | - CS Galina
- Departamento de Reproducción; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Mexico City Mexico
| | - I Rubio
- Centro de Enseñanza Investigación y Extensión en Ganadería Tropical; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Mexico City Mexico
| | - M Corro
- Centro de Enseñanza Investigación y Extensión en Ganadería Tropical; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Mexico City Mexico
| | - JL Pablos
- Departamento de Genética y Bioestadística; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Mexico City Mexico
| | - A Orihuela
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos; Cuernavaca Mexico
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Yu GM, Wu Y, Wang XL, Zhao S, Maeda T, Zeng SM. Evaluation of three hormonal protocols for anovulatory lactating cows under regulations restricting the use of estrogenic compounds. Anim Sci J 2018; 89:640-647. [PMID: 29318710 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
When European Union regulations restricted the use of estrogenic compounds in food-producing animals, refined hormonal protocols were no longer applicable for anovulatory cows. However, Ovsynch and its adaptations are routinely and uniformly applied to all cows regardless of ovarian function. To evaluate their efficacy on anovulatory cows, 143, 147 and 144 anovulatory cows received Ovsynch, Presynch and G6G protocols, respectively. In comparison, 150 cyclic cows were bred without using a synchronized protocol. Results showed that cows in the Presynch group had luteolysis responding to the last prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α ) injection greater than the Ovsynch group. The serous progesterone levels at the first gonadotropin-releasing hormone of Ovsych and the last PGF2α injection was greater in the G6G group than the other two hormonal treatment groups. Concentrations of Ca2+ and total protein in cervical mucus in all three hormone-treated groups before artificial insemination (AI) were significantly different from the controls. The G6G group obtained a greater pregnancy rate compared with Ovsynch and Presynch, but significantly less than the controls. For open cows in the Ovsynch group, estrus rate within 24 days after the first AI was significantly less than the controls. In conclusion, the G6G treatment resulted to better reproductive performance in anovulatory cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Min Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yue Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xian-Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Teruo Maeda
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shen-Ming Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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49
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Laurence M, Accioly JM, Copping KJ, Deland MPB, Graham JF, Hebart ML, Herd RM, Jones FM, Lee SJ, Speijers EJ, Pitchford WS. Divergent genotypes for fatness or residual feed intake in Angus cattle. 2. Body composition but not reproduction was affected in first-parity cows on both low and high levels of nutrition. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/an13218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports a subset of results from the Beef Cooperative Research Centre-funded Maternal Productivity Project. This research aimed to describe the response of Angus cows of different and divergent genotypes to variable nutritional environments over five breeding seasons. Cows selected for a divergence in either fat depth (HFat vs LFat) or residual feed intake (RFI: HRFI vs LRFI) based on mid-parent estimated breeding values (EBV) for those traits were allocated in replicate groups to either high or low nutritional treatments at two different sites, namely the Vasse Research Centre in Western Australia and the Struan Research Centre in South Australia. The traits reported in this paper include output traits (birth and weaning weight of calves, liveweight change of cows), change traits (change in Rib Fat, P8 fat, eye muscle area and liveweight between specified time points) and reproductive traits [pregnancy rates, percentage calves born alive and days to calving at the days to calving at the second calving opportunity (DC2)]. Having had their first calf, the vulnerability of these young cows to nutritional restriction and how it may adversely affect rebreeding was examined. HFat and HRFI cows were fatter, heavier and had greater eye muscle area than LFat and LRFI, respectively, at all times during the breeding cycle on both levels of nutrition. There was no difference in either days-to-calving or pregnancy rates after the second mating between genotypes. Equally, nutritional treatment had no effect on these traits in this cohort of cows. There was evidence for an implied genetic correlation between Rib Fat EBV, DC2 and pregnancy rates of –0.38 that suggests that selection for leanness may result in reduced fertility of the herd but the effect was not significant herein. As long as producers record the phenotype for both traits and select cows with favourable DC2 as well as low fatness, these problems can be avoided, owing to only 22% of variation in pregnancy rates being explained by DC2 and Rib Fat EBV. Producers can largely be confident that selection for leanness, or increased feed efficiency, has little impact on productivity as long as cows are in adequate body condition to remain healthy and productive.
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50
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Chang LB, Peng SY, Chou CJ, Chen YJ, Shiu JS, Tu PA, Gao SX, Chen YC, Lin TK, Wu SC. Therapeutic potential of amniotic fluid stem cells to treat bilateral ovarian dystrophy in dairy cows in a subtropical region. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 53:433-441. [PMID: 29239050 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Amniotic fluid is a rich source of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSCs) have become a new source of stem cells; they have low immunogenicity and are easily harvested. For this reason, they may be useful in clinical tissue engineering. Moreover, AFSCs have anti-inflammatory properties and can repair tissues. This study evaluated the utility of AFSC injection to treat bilateral ovarian dystrophy in Holstein-Friesian cows. Bovine AFSCs (BAFSCs) were collected at slaughter from Holstein-Friesian cows during the third or fourth month of pregnancy and cultured in vitro. The BAFSCs began to show a fibroblast-like morphology. They were positive for β-integrin, CD44, CD73, CD106 and Oct4 and negative for CD34 and CD45. After induction, the cells differentiated into mesodermal lineages. Bilateral ovarian dystrophy was confirmed by ultrasonography in 16 lactating cows. The subsequent experiment lasted 15 weeks. Serum was collected weekly to analyse progesterone concentrations, and weekly ultrasonography recorded ovarian changes. Each cow was equipped with an automatic heat detection system to facilitate oestrus observation and breeding records. The progesterone concentration of two cows in the treatment group (25%) significantly increased during weeks 10-15. On ultrasonography, the treatment group demonstrated mature follicles after BAFSCs injection, and foetuses were visualized approximately 40 days after artificial insemination (AI). Oestrus rates in the control and treatment groups were 0% (0/8) and 50% (4/8), respectively; pregnancy rates were 0% (0/8) and 25% (2/8), respectively. Calves were successfully delivered in both cases of pregnancy. These results show that BAFSCs can alleviate bovine ovarian dystrophy and restore fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-B Chang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, China
| | - S-Y Peng
- Department of Animal Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan, China
| | - C-J Chou
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, China
| | - Y-J Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, China
| | - J-S Shiu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, China.,Agriculture Experiment Station, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, China
| | - P-A Tu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, China.,Hsinchu Branch Institute, Council of Agriculture, Taiwan Livestock Research Institute, Taiwan, China
| | - S-X Gao
- Agriculture Experiment Station, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, China
| | - Y-C Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, China
| | - T-K Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, China
| | - S-C Wu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, China.,Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, China
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