1
|
Yuasa-Kawada J, Kinoshita-Kawada M, Hiramoto M, Yamagishi S, Mishima T, Yasunaga S, Tsuboi Y, Hattori N, Wu JY. Neuronal guidance signaling in neurodegenerative diseases: Key regulators that function at neuron-glia and neuroimmune interfaces. Neural Regen Res 2026; 21:612-635. [PMID: 39995079 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-01330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2025] [Indexed: 02/26/2025] Open
Abstract
The nervous system processes a vast amount of information, performing computations that underlie perception, cognition, and behavior. During development, neuronal guidance genes, which encode extracellular cues, their receptors, and downstream signal transducers, organize neural wiring to generate the complex architecture of the nervous system. It is now evident that many of these neuroguidance cues and their receptors are active during development and are also expressed in the adult nervous system. This suggests that neuronal guidance pathways are critical not only for neural wiring but also for ongoing function and maintenance of the mature nervous system. Supporting this view, these pathways continue to regulate synaptic connectivity, plasticity, and remodeling, and overall brain homeostasis throughout adulthood. Genetic and transcriptomic analyses have further revealed many neuronal guidance genes to be associated with a wide range of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Although the precise mechanisms by which aberrant neuronal guidance signaling drives the pathogenesis of these diseases remain to be clarified, emerging evidence points to several common themes, including dysfunction in neurons, microglia, astrocytes, and endothelial cells, along with dysregulation of neuron-microglia-astrocyte, neuroimmune, and neurovascular interactions. In this review, we explore recent advances in understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which aberrant neuronal guidance signaling contributes to disease pathogenesis through altered cell-cell interactions. For instance, recent studies have unveiled two distinct semaphorin-plexin signaling pathways that affect microglial activation and neuroinflammation. We discuss the challenges ahead, along with the therapeutic potentials of targeting neuronal guidance pathways for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Particular focus is placed on how neuronal guidance mechanisms control neuron-glia and neuroimmune interactions and modulate microglial function under physiological and pathological conditions. Specifically, we examine the crosstalk between neuronal guidance signaling and TREM2, a master regulator of microglial function, in the context of pathogenic protein aggregates. It is well-established that age is a major risk factor for neurodegeneration. Future research should address how aging and neuronal guidance signaling interact to influence an individual's susceptibility to various late-onset neurological diseases and how the progression of these diseases could be therapeutically blocked by targeting neuronal guidance pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Satoru Yamagishi
- Department of Optical Neuroanatomy, Institute of Photonics Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Takayasu Mishima
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sakura Medical Center, Toho University, Sakura, Japan
| | - Shin'ichiro Yasunaga
- Department of Biochemistry, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshio Tsuboi
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jane Y Wu
- Department of Neurology, Center for Genetic Medicine, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu Z, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Ning B. Metabolic reprogramming of astrocytes: Emerging roles of lactate. Neural Regen Res 2026; 21:421-432. [PMID: 39688570 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 10/25/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactate serves as a key energy metabolite in the central nervous system, facilitating essential brain functions, including energy supply, signaling, and epigenetic modulation. Moreover, it links epigenetic modifications with metabolic reprogramming. Nonetheless, the specific mechanisms and roles of this connection in astrocytes remain unclear. Therefore, this review aims to explore the role and specific mechanisms of lactate in the metabolic reprogramming of astrocytes in the central nervous system. The close relationship between epigenetic modifications and metabolic reprogramming was discussed. Therapeutic strategies for targeting metabolic reprogramming in astrocytes in the central nervous system were also outlined to guide future research in central nervous system diseases. In the nervous system, lactate plays an essential role. However, its mechanism of action as a bridge between metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic modifications in the nervous system requires future investigation. The involvement of lactate in epigenetic modifications is currently a hot research topic, especially in lactylation modification, a key determinant in this process. Lactate also indirectly regulates various epigenetic modifications, such as N6-methyladenosine, acetylation, ubiquitination, and phosphorylation modifications, which are closely linked to several neurological disorders. In addition, exploring the clinical applications and potential therapeutic strategies of lactic acid provides new insights for future neurological disease treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Liu
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yijian Guo
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yulei Gao
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bin Ning
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu S, Chen J. Is age-related myelinodegenerative change an initial risk factor of neurodegenerative diseases? Neural Regen Res 2026; 21:648-658. [PMID: 40326982 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 11/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2025] Open
Abstract
Myelination, the continuous ensheathment of neuronal axons, is a lifelong process in the nervous system that is essential for the precise, temporospatial conduction of action potentials between neurons. Myelin also provides intercellular metabolic support to axons. Even minor disruptions in the integrity of myelin can impair neural performance and increase susceptibility to neurological diseases. In fact, myelin degeneration is a well-known neuropathological condition that is associated with normal aging and several neurodegenerative diseases, including multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. In the central nervous system, compact myelin sheaths are formed by fully mature oligodendrocytes. However, the entire oligodendrocyte lineage is susceptible to changes in the biological microenvironment and other risk factors that arise as the brain ages. In addition to their well-known role in action potential propagation, oligodendrocytes also provide intercellular metabolic support to axons by transferring energy metabolites and delivering exosomes. Therefore, myelin degeneration in the aging central nervous system is a significant contributor to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Interventions that mitigate age-related myelin degeneration can improve neurological function in aging individuals. In this review, we investigate the changes in myelin that are associated with aging and their underlying mechanisms. We also discuss recent advances in understanding how myelin degeneration in the aging brain contributes to neurodegenerative diseases and explore the factors that can prevent, slow down, or even reverse age-related myelin degeneration. Future research will enhance our understanding of how reducing age-related myelin degeneration can be used as a therapeutic target for delaying or preventing neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangchan Wu
- Sanhang Institute for Brain Science and Technology (SiBST), School of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Sanhang Institute for Brain Science and Technology (SiBST), School of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen X, Lai J, Wu Z, Chen J, Yang B, Chen C, Ding C. Fat mass and obesity-mediated N 6 -methyladenosine modification modulates neuroinflammatory responses after traumatic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2026; 21:730-741. [PMID: 39248160 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202602000-00042/figure1/v/2025-05-05T160104Z/r/image-tiff The neuroinflammatory response mediated by microglial activation plays an important role in the secondary nerve injury of traumatic brain injury. The post-transcriptional modification of N 6 -methyladenosine is ubiquitous in the immune response of the central nervous system. The fat mass and obesity-related protein catalyzes the demethylation of N 6 -methyladenosine modifications on mRNA and is widely expressed in various tissues, participating in the regulation of multiple diseases' biological processes. However, the role of fat mass and obesity in microglial activation and the subsequent neuroinflammatory response after traumatic brain injury is unclear. In this study, we found that the expression of fat mass and obesity was significantly down-regulated in both lipopolysaccharide-treated BV2 cells and a traumatic brain injury mouse model. After fat mass and obesity interference, BV2 cells exhibited a pro-inflammatory phenotype as shown by the increased proportion of CD11b + /CD86 + cells and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Fat mass and obesity-mediated N 6 -methyladenosine demethylation accelerated the degradation of ADAM17 mRNA, while silencing of fat mass and obesity enhanced the stability of ADAM17 mRNA. Therefore, down-regulation of fat mass and obesity expression leads to the abnormally high expression of ADAM17 in microglia. These results indicate that the activation of microglia and neuroinflammatory response regulated by fat mass and obesity-related N 6 -methyladenosine modification plays an important role in the pro-inflammatory process of secondary injury following traumatic brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Clinical Medical College, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jinqing Lai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Clinical Medical College, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Clinical Medical College, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jianlong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Clinical Medical College, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Baoya Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Clinical Medical College, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chunnuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Clinical Medical College, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chenyu Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Research Institute, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ayyappan K, Unger L, Kitchen P, Bill RM, Salman MM. Measuring glymphatic function: Assessing the toolkit. Neural Regen Res 2026; 21:534-541. [PMID: 40145955 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2025] [Indexed: 03/28/2025] Open
Abstract
Glymphatic flow has been proposed to clear brain waste while we sleep. Cerebrospinal fluid moves from periarterial to perivenous spaces through the parenchyma, with subsequent cerebrospinal fluid drainage to dural lymphatics. Glymphatic disruption is associated with neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and traumatic brain injury. Therefore, investigating its structure and function may improve understanding of pathophysiology. The recent controversy on whether glymphatic flow increases or decreases during sleep demonstrates that the glymphatic hypothesis remains contentious. However, discrepancies between different studies could be due to limitations of the specific techniques used and confounding factors. Here, we review the methods used to study glymphatic function and provide a toolkit from which researchers can choose. We conclude that tracer analysis has been useful, ex vivo techniques are unreliable, and in vivo imaging is still limited. Finally, we explore the potential for future methods and highlight the need for in vitro models, such as microfluidic devices, which may address technique limitations and enable progression of the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koushikk Ayyappan
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lucas Unger
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
- Aston Institute for Membrane Excellence and the School of Biosciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Philip Kitchen
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
- Aston Institute for Membrane Excellence and the School of Biosciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Roslyn M Bill
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
- Aston Institute for Membrane Excellence and the School of Biosciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mootaz M Salman
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- BHF Oxford Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Kavli Institute for NanoScience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sun Y, Pang X, Huang X, Liu D, Huang J, Zheng P, Wei Y, Pang C. Potential mechanisms of non-coding RNA regulation in Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2026; 21:265-280. [PMID: 39851253 PMCID: PMC12094571 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 10/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2025] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, a progressively degenerative neurological disorder, is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. While its precise etiology remains unclear, researchers have identified diverse pathological characteristics and molecular pathways associated with its progression. Advances in scientific research have increasingly highlighted the crucial role of non-coding RNAs in the progression of Alzheimer's disease. These non-coding RNAs regulate several biological processes critical to the advancement of the disease, offering promising potential as therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers. Therefore, this review aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease onset, with a particular focus on microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs associated with the disease. The review elucidates the potential pathogenic processes of Alzheimer's disease and provides a detailed description of the synthesis mechanisms of the three aforementioned non-coding RNAs. It comprehensively summarizes the various non-coding RNAs that have been identified to play key regulatory roles in Alzheimer's disease, as well as how these non-coding RNAs influence the disease's progression by regulating gene expression and protein functions. For example, miR-9 targets the UBE4B gene, promoting autophagy-mediated degradation of Tau protein, thereby reducing Tau accumulation and delaying Alzheimer's disease progression. Conversely, the long non-coding RNA BACE1-AS stabilizes BACE1 mRNA, promoting the generation of amyloid-β and accelerating Alzheimer's disease development. Additionally, circular RNAs play significant roles in regulating neuroinflammatory responses. By integrating insights from these regulatory mechanisms, there is potential to discover new therapeutic targets and potential biomarkers for early detection and management of Alzheimer's disease. This review aims to enhance the understanding of the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and non-coding RNAs, potentially paving the way for early detection and novel treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xinping Pang
- School of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xudong Huang
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Dinglu Liu
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jingyue Huang
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Pengtao Zheng
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yanyu Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Vacuum Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chaoyang Pang
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen Y, Hu J, Zhang Y, Peng L, Li X, Li C, Wu X, Wang C. Epilepsy therapy beyond neurons: Unveiling astrocytes as cellular targets. Neural Regen Res 2026; 21:23-38. [PMID: 39819836 PMCID: PMC12094549 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-01035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2024] [Revised: 10/16/2024] [Accepted: 12/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2025] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. However, despite the availability of more than 20 antiseizure medications, more than one-third of patients continue to experience seizures. Given the urgent need to explore new treatment strategies for epilepsy, recent research has highlighted the potential of targeting gliosis, metabolic disturbances, and neural circuit abnormalities as therapeutic strategies. Astrocytes, the largest group of nonneuronal cells in the central nervous system, play several crucial roles in maintaining ionic and energy metabolic homeostasis in neurons, regulating neurotransmitter levels, and modulating synaptic plasticity. This article briefly reviews the critical role of astrocytes in maintaining balance within the central nervous system. Building on previous research, we discuss how astrocyte dysfunction contributes to the onset and progression of epilepsy through four key aspects: the imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neuronal signaling, dysregulation of metabolic homeostasis in the neuronal microenvironment, neuroinflammation, and the formation of abnormal neural circuits. We summarize relevant basic research conducted over the past 5 years that has focused on modulating astrocytes as a therapeutic approach for epilepsy. We categorize the therapeutic targets proposed by these studies into four areas: restoration of the excitation-inhibition balance, reestablishment of metabolic homeostasis, modulation of immune and inflammatory responses, and reconstruction of abnormal neural circuits. These targets correspond to the pathophysiological mechanisms by which astrocytes contribute to epilepsy. Additionally, we need to consider the potential challenges and limitations of translating these identified therapeutic targets into clinical treatments. These limitations arise from interspecies differences between humans and animal models, as well as the complex comorbidities associated with epilepsy in humans. We also highlight valuable future research directions worth exploring in the treatment of epilepsy and the regulation of astrocytes, such as gene therapy and imaging strategies. The findings presented in this review may help open new therapeutic avenues for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy and for those suffering from other central nervous system disorders associated with astrocytic dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuncan Chen
- Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, School of Pharmacy, MOE Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Hu
- Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, School of Pharmacy, MOE Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lulu Peng
- Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, School of Pharmacy, MOE Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Li
- Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, School of Pharmacy, MOE Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xunyi Wu
- Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, School of Pharmacy, MOE Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, School of Pharmacy, MOE Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Qu X, Lai X, He M, Zhang J, Xiang B, Liu C, Huang R, Shi Y, Qiao J. Investigation of epilepsy-related genes in a Drosophila model. Neural Regen Res 2026; 21:195-211. [PMID: 39688550 PMCID: PMC12094548 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2024] [Revised: 10/15/2024] [Accepted: 11/22/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Complex genetic architecture is the major cause of heterogeneity in epilepsy, which poses challenges for accurate diagnosis and precise treatment. A large number of epilepsy candidate genes have been identified from clinical studies, particularly with the widespread use of next-generation sequencing. Validating these candidate genes is emerging as a valuable yet challenging task. Drosophila serves as an ideal animal model for validating candidate genes associated with neurogenetic disorders such as epilepsy, due to its rapid reproduction rate, powerful genetic tools, and efficient use of ethological and electrophysiological assays. Here, we systematically summarize the advantageous techniques of the Drosophila model used to investigate epilepsy genes, including genetic tools for manipulating target gene expression, ethological assays for seizure-like behaviors, electrophysiological techniques, and functional imaging for recording neural activity. We then introduce several typical strategies for identifying epilepsy genes and provide new insights into gene‒gene interactions in epilepsy with polygenic causes. We summarize well-established precision medicine strategies for epilepsy and discuss prospective treatment options, including drug therapy and gene therapy for genetic epilepsy based on the Drosophila model. Finally, we also address genetic counseling and assisted reproductive technology as potential approaches for the prevention of genetic epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochong Qu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaodan Lai
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mingfeng He
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jinyuan Zhang
- School of Health Management, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Binbin Xiang
- The First Clinical Medicine School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chuqiao Liu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ruina Huang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yiwu Shi
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jingda Qiao
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shumilov K, Friess S. Gut microbiota modulates oligodendrocyte lineage cell response after traumatic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2026; 21:310-311. [PMID: 39665806 PMCID: PMC12094551 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-01061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2024] [Revised: 10/23/2024] [Accepted: 11/06/2024] [Indexed: 12/13/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Shumilov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Stuart Friess
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Guo HH, Ou HN, Yu JS, Rosa JM, Formolo DA, Cheng T, Yau SY, Tsang HWH. Adiponectin as a potential mediator of the pro-cognitive effects of physical exercise on Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2026; 21:96-106. [PMID: 39885660 PMCID: PMC12094572 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 12/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2025] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the primary cause of dementia and imposes a significant socioeconomic burden globally. Physical exercise, as an effective strategy for improving general health, has been largely reported for its effectiveness in slowing neurodegeneration and increasing brain functional plasticity, particularly in aging brains. However, the underlying mechanisms of exercise in cognitive aging remain largely unclear. Adiponectin, a cell-secreted protein hormone, has recently been found to regulate synaptic plasticity and mediate the antidepressant effects of physical exercise. Studies on the neuroprotective effects of adiponectin have revealed potential innovative treatments for Alzheimer's disease. Here, we reviewed the functions of adiponectin and its receptor in the brains of human and animal models of cognitive impairment. We summarized the role of adiponectin in Alzheimer's disease, focusing on its impact on energy metabolism, insulin resistance, and inflammation. We also discuss how exercise increases adiponectin secretion and its potential benefits for learning and memory. Finally, we highlight the latest research on chemical compounds that mimic exercise-enhanced secretion of adiponectin and its receptor in Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hai-Ning Ou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- The Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jia-Sui Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Mental Health Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Julia Macedo Rosa
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Mental Health Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Douglas Affonso Formolo
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Mental Health Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Tong Cheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Mental Health Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Suk-Yu Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Mental Health Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hector Wing Hong Tsang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Mental Health Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yu N, Zhao Y, Wang P, Zhang F, Wen C, Wang S. Changes in border-associated macrophages after stroke: Single-cell sequencing analysis. Neural Regen Res 2026; 21:346-356. [PMID: 39927762 PMCID: PMC12094533 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-01092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2024] [Revised: 12/09/2024] [Accepted: 12/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/11/2025] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202601000-00038/figure1/v/2025-06-09T151831Z/r/image-tiff Border-associated macrophages are located at the interface between the brain and the periphery, including the perivascular spaces, choroid plexus, and meninges. Until recently, the functions of border-associated macrophages have been poorly understood and largely overlooked. However, a recent study reported that border-associated macrophages participate in stroke-induced inflammation, although many details and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we performed a comprehensive single-cell analysis of mouse border-associated macrophages using sequencing data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE174574 and GSE225948). Differentially expressed genes were identified, and enrichment analysis was performed to identify the transcription profile of border-associated macrophages. CellChat analysis was conducted to determine the cell communication network of border-associated macrophages. Transcription factors were predicted using the 'pySCENIC' tool. We found that, in response to hypoxia, border-associated macrophages underwent dynamic transcriptional changes and participated in the regulation of inflammatory-related pathways. Notably, the tumor necrosis factor pathway was activated by border-associated macrophages following ischemic stroke. The pySCENIC analysis indicated that the activity of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) was obviously upregulated in stroke, suggesting that Stat3 inhibition may be a promising strategy for treating border-associated macrophages-induced neuroinflammation. Finally, we constructed an animal model to investigate the effects of border-associated macrophages depletion following a stroke. Treatment with liposomes containing clodronate significantly reduced infarct volume in the animals and improved neurological scores compared with untreated animals. Taken together, our results demonstrate comprehensive changes in border-associated macrophages following a stroke, providing a theoretical basis for targeting border-associated macrophages-induced neuroinflammation in stroke treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Anesthesia and Brain Function (The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University), The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Anesthesia and Brain Function (The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University), The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Anesthesia and Brain Function (The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University), The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fuqiang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Anesthesia and Brain Function (The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University), The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cuili Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Anesthesia and Brain Function (The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University), The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shilei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Anesthesia and Brain Function (The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University), The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu Y, Ding X, Jia S, Gu X. Current understanding and prospects for targeting neurogenesis in the treatment of cognitive impairment. Neural Regen Res 2026; 21:141-155. [PMID: 39820472 PMCID: PMC12094536 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 10/31/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2025] Open
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is linked to memory formation in the adult brain, with new neurons in the hippocampus exhibiting greater plasticity during their immature stages compared to mature neurons. Abnormal adult hippocampal neurogenesis is closely associated with cognitive impairment in central nervous system diseases. Targeting and regulating adult hippocampal neurogenesis have been shown to improve cognitive deficits. This review aims to expand the current understanding and prospects of targeting neurogenesis in the treatment of cognitive impairment. Recent research indicates the presence of abnormalities in AHN in several diseases associated with cognitive impairment, including cerebrovascular diseases, Alzheimer's disease, aging-related conditions, and issues related to anesthesia and surgery. The role of these abnormalities in the cognitive deficits caused by these diseases has been widely recognized, and targeting AHN is considered a promising approach for treating cognitive impairment. However, the underlying mechanisms of this role are not yet fully understood, and the effectiveness of targeting abnormal adult hippocampal neurogenesis for treatment remains limited, with a need for further development of treatment methods and detection techniques. By reviewing recent studies, we classify the potential mechanisms of adult hippocampal neurogenesis abnormalities into four categories: immunity, energy metabolism, aging, and pathological states. In immunity-related mechanisms, abnormalities in meningeal, brain, and peripheral immunity can disrupt normal adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function disorders are significant energy metabolism factors that lead to abnormal adult hippocampal neurogenesis. During aging, the inflammatory state of the neurogenic niche and the expression of aging-related microRNAs contribute to reduced adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive impairment in older adult patients. Pathological states of the body and emotional disorders may also result in abnormal adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Among the current strategies used to enhance this form of neurogenesis, physical therapies such as exercise, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, and enriched environments have proven effective. Dietary interventions, including energy intake restriction and nutrient optimization, have shown efficacy in both basic research and clinical trials. However, drug treatments, such as antidepressants and stem cell therapy, are primarily reported in basic research, with limited clinical application. The relationship between abnormal adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive impairment has garnered widespread attention, and targeting the former may be an important strategy for treating the latter. However, the mechanisms underlying abnormal adult hippocampal neurogenesis remain unclear, and treatments are lacking. This highlights the need for greater focus on translating research findings into clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Second School of Clinical Medicine of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xibing Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Shushan Jia
- Second School of Clinical Medicine of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiyao Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Second School of Clinical Medicine of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jo MG, Kim SH, Yun SP. Hidden face of Parkinson's disease: Is it a new autoimmune disease? Neural Regen Res 2026; 21:57-61. [PMID: 39688566 PMCID: PMC12094568 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-01063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2024] [Revised: 11/10/2024] [Accepted: 11/26/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and clinical symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, and slowed movements. A key feature of Parkinson's disease is the accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein, forming insoluble Lewy bodies in the substantia nigra pars compacta, which contributes to neurodegeneration. These α-synuclein aggregates may act as autoantigens, leading to T-cell-mediated neuroinflammation and contributing to dopaminergic cell death. Our perspective explores the hypothesis that Parkinson's disease may have an autoimmune component, highlighting research that connects peripheral immune responses with neurodegeneration. T cells derived from Parkinson's disease patients appear to have the potential to initiate an autoimmune response against α-synuclein and its modified peptides, possibly leading to the formation of neo-epitopes. Recent evidence associates Parkinson's disease with abnormal immune responses, as indicated by increased levels of immune cells, such as CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, observed in both patients and mouse models. The convergence of T cells filtration increasing major histocompatibility complex molecules, and the susceptibility of dopaminergic neurons supports the hypothesis that Parkinson's disease may exhibit autoimmune characteristics. Understanding the immune mechanisms involved in Parkinson's disease will be crucial for developing therapeutic strategies that target the autoimmune aspects of the disease. Novel approaches, including precision medicine based on major histocompatibility complex/human leukocyte antigen typing and early biomarker identification, could pave the way for immune-based treatments aimed at slowing or halting disease progression. This perspective explores the relationship between autoimmunity and Parkinson's disease, suggesting that further research could deepen understanding and offer new therapeutic avenues. In this paper, it is organized to provide a comprehensive perspective on the autoimmune aspects of Parkinson's disease. It investigates critical areas such as the autoimmune response observed in Parkinson's disease patients and the role of autoimmune mechanisms targeting α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease. The paper also examines the impact of CD4 + T cells, specifically Th1 and Th17, on neurons through in vitro and ex vivo studies. Additionally, it explores how α-synuclein influences glia-induced neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease. The discussion extends to the clinical implications and therapeutic landscape, offering insights into potential treatments. Consequently, we aim to provide a comprehensive perspective on the autoimmune aspects of Parkinson's disease, incorporating both supportive and opposing views on its classification as an autoimmune disorder and exploring implications for clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Gi Jo
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Hee Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Pil Yun
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liao Y, Zhang Q, Shi Q, Liu P, Zhong P, Guo L, Huang Z, Peng Y, Liu W, Zhang S, Adorján I, Fukuzaki Y, Kawashita E, Zhang XQ, Ma N, Zhang X, Molnár Z, Shi L. Neuroserpin alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by suppressing ischemia-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress. Neural Regen Res 2026; 21:333-345. [PMID: 40489346 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2025] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202601000-00037/figure1/v/2025-06-09T151831Z/r/image-tiff Neuroserpin, a secreted protein that belongs to the serpin superfamily of serine protease inhibitors, is highly expressed in the central nervous system and plays multiple roles in brain development and pathology. As a natural inhibitor of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, neuroserpin inhibits the increased activity of tissue plasminogen activator in ischemic conditions and extends the therapeutic windows of tissue plasminogen activator for brain ischemia. However, the neuroprotective mechanism of neuroserpin against ischemic stroke remains unclear. In this study, we used a mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-injured cortical neurons as in vivo and in vitro ischemia-reperfusion models, respectively. The models were used to investigate the neuroprotective effects of neuroserpin. Our findings revealed that endoplasmic reticulum stress was promptly triggered following ischemia, initially manifesting as the acute activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress transmembrane sensors and the suppression of protein synthesis, which was followed by a later apoptotic response. Notably, ischemic stroke markedly downregulated the expression of neuroserpin in cortical neurons. Exogenous neuroserpin reversed the activation of multiple endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling molecules, the reduction in protein synthesis, and the upregulation of apoptotic transcription factors. This led to a reduction in neuronal death induced by oxygen/glucose deprivation and reperfusion, as well as decreased cerebral infarction and neurological dysfunction in mice with middle cerebral artery occlusion. However, the neuroprotective effects of neuroserpin were markedly inhibited by endoplasmic reticulum stress activators thapsigargin and tunicamycin. Our findings demonstrate that neuroserpin exerts neuroprotective effects on ischemic stroke by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Liao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qiaoyun Shi
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Peiyun Zhong
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lingling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zijian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yinghui Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shiqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - István Adorján
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Yumi Fukuzaki
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eri Kawashita
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Xiao-Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Nan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoshen Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zoltán Molnár
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dukhinova MS, Guo J, Shen E, Liu W, Huang W, Shen Y, Wang L. Cerebellar microglia: On the edge between neuroinflammation and neuroregulation. Neural Regen Res 2026; 21:156-172. [PMID: 40489344 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2025] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum is receiving increasing attention for its cognitive, emotional, and social functions, as well as its unique metabolic profiles. Cerebellar microglia exhibit specialized and highly immunogenic phenotypes under both physiological and pathological conditions. These immune cells communicate with intrinsic and systemic factors and contribute to the structural and functional compartmentalization of the cerebellum. In this review, we discuss the roles of microglia in the cerebellar microenvironment, neuroinflammation, cerebellar adaptation, and neuronal activity, the associated molecular and cellular mechanisms, and potential therapeutic strategies targeting cerebellar microglia in the context of neuroinflammation. Future directions and unresolved questions in this field are further highlighted, particularly regarding therapeutic interventions targeting cerebellar microglia, functional mechanisms and activities of microglia in the cerebellar circuitry, neuronal connectivity, and neurofunctional outcomes of their activity. Cerebellar morphology and neuronal performance are influenced by both intrinsic and systemic factors that are actively monitored by microglia in both healthy and diseased states. Under pathological conditions, local subsets of microglia exhibit diverse responses to the altered microenvironment that contribute to the structural and functional compartmentalization of the cerebellum. Microglia in the cerebellum undergo early maturation during the embryonic stage and display specialized, highly immunogenic phenotypes. In summary, cerebellar microglia have the capacity to serve as regulatory tools that influence outcomes across a wide range of neurological and systemic conditions, including neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, metabolic, and stress-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina S Dukhinova
- Center for Brain Health, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institute of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jingwen Guo
- Department of Physiology and Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Enwei Shen
- Department of Physiology and Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wanting Liu
- Center for Brain Health, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institute of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Physiology and Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wanqi Huang
- Center for Brain Health, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institute of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Physiology and Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Center for Brain Health, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institute of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Physiology and Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Luxi Wang
- Center for Brain Health, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institute of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chilosi M, Piciucchi S, Ravaglia C, Spagnolo P, Sverzellati N, Tomassetti S, Wuyts W, Poletti V. "Alveolar stem cell exhaustion, fibrosis and bronchiolar proliferation" related entities. A narrative review. Pulmonology 2025; 31:2416847. [PMID: 39277539 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Chilosi
- Department of Medical Specialities/Pulmonology Ospedale GB Morgagni, Forlì I
| | - S Piciucchi
- Department of Radiology, Ospedale GB Morgagni, Forlì I
| | - C Ravaglia
- Department of Medical Specialities/Pulmonology Ospedale GB Morgagni, Forlì (I); DIMEC, Bologna University, Forlì Campus, Forlì I, Department
| | - P Spagnolo
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - N Sverzellati
- Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - S Tomassetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - W Wuyts
- Pulmonology Department, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - V Poletti
- Department of Medical Specialities/Pulmonology Ospedale GB Morgagni, Forlì (I); DIMEC, Bologna University, Forlì Campus, Forlì I, Department
- Department of Respiratory Diseases & Allergy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang D, Miao J, Zhang L, Zhang L. Research advances in the diagnosis and treatment of MASLD/MASH. Ann Med 2025; 57. [DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2445780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2024] [Accepted: 12/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2025] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dekai Wang
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jinxian Miao
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Münz C, Campbell GR, Esclatine A, Faure M, Labonte P, Lussignol M, Orvedahl A, Altan-Bonnet N, Bartenschlager R, Beale R, Cirone M, Espert L, Jung J, Leib D, Reggiori F, Sanyal S, Spector SA, Thiel V, Viret C, Wei Y, Wileman T, Wodrich H. Autophagy machinery as exploited by viruses. AUTOPHAGY REPORTS 2025; 4:27694127.2025.2464986. [PMID: 40201908 PMCID: PMC11921968 DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2025.2464986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2025] [Accepted: 01/27/2025] [Indexed: 04/10/2025]
Abstract
Viruses adapt and modulate cellular pathways to allow their replication in host cells. The catabolic pathway of macroautophagy, for simplicity referred to as autophagy, is no exception. In this review, we discuss anti-viral functions of both autophagy and select components of the autophagy machinery, and how viruses have evaded them. Some viruses use the membrane remodeling ability of the autophagy machinery to build their replication compartments in the cytosol or efficiently egress from cells in a non-lytic fashion. Some of the autophagy machinery components and their remodeled membranes can even be found in viral particles as envelopes or single membranes around virus packages that protect them during spreading and transmission. Therefore, studies on autophagy regulation by viral infections can reveal functions of the autophagy machinery beyond lysosomal degradation of cytosolic constituents. Furthermore, they can also pinpoint molecular interactions with which the autophagy machinery can most efficiently be manipulated, and this may be relevant to develop effective disease treatments based on autophagy modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Münz
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich Switzerland
| | - Grant R Campbell
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of SD, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Audrey Esclatine
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 10 Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mathias Faure
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Labonte
- eINRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Canada
| | - Marion Lussignol
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 10 Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Anthony Orvedahl
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nihal Altan-Bonnet
- Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Dynamics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Heidelberg partner site, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rupert Beale
- Cell Biology of Infection Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucile Espert
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- CNRS, Institut de Recherche enInfectiologie deMontpellier (IRIM), Montpellier, France
| | - Jae Jung
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David Leib
- Guarini School of Graduate and Advanced Studies at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 4, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Sumana Sanyal
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, South Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stephen A. Spector
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Volker Thiel
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, and Multidisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Viret
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Yu Wei
- Institut Pasteur-Theravectys Joint Laboratory, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Wileman
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk, UK
| | - Harald Wodrich
- sLaboratoire de Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, MFP CNRS UMR, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Higham A, Booth S, Dungwa J, Singh D. Histopathology of the small airways: Similarities and differences between ageing and COPD. Pulmonology 2025; 31:2430032. [PMID: 39883495 DOI: 10.1080/25310429.2024.2430032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2025] Open
Abstract
Age-related lung function decline is associated with small airway closure and gas trapping. The mechanisms which cause these changes are not fully understood. It has been suggested that COPD is caused by accelerated ageing. We have investigated pathological changes in the small airways during ageing, and evaluated whether the same or different processes exist in COPD. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry were used to examine small airway remodelling in healthy ageing, and then compare to age matched COPD patients. Ageing was associated with reduced alveolar attachment numbers (rho= -0.4 p = 0.049), increased epithelial area (rho = 0.5 p = 0.01), greater luminal narrowing due to epithelial expansion (rho = 0.5 p = 0.04) and increased alveolar septal neutrophils (rho = 0.6 p = 0.005). Compared to age matched controls, COPD small airways had 31% less alveolar attachments per airway (p = 0.02) and significantly more alveoalr septal neutrophils (p = 0.0007). Increased airway wall thickness was a feature of COPD but was not related to ageing in non-smokers. Alveolar attachment loss, accompanied by alveolar septum neutrophilic inflammation, and increased luminal narrowing due to epithelial expansion are major features of small airway remodelling during ageing. These features can explain the increased small airway narrowing and closure during ageing. Alveolar attachment loss is accelerated in COPD, likely due to increased neutrophilic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Higham
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Sophie Booth
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Dave Singh
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nasiri MJ, Silva DR, Rommasi F, Zahmatkesh MM, Tajabadi Z, Khelghati F, Sarmastzadeh T, Centis R, D'Ambrosio L, Bombarda S, Dalcolmo MP, Galvão T, de Queiroz Mello FC, Rabahi MF, Pontali E, Solovic I, Tadolini M, Marconi L, Tiberi S, van den Boom M, Sotgiu G, Migliori GB. Vaccination in post-tuberculosis lung disease management: A review of the evidence. Pulmonology 2025; 31:2416801. [PMID: 37679219 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD), as other chronic respiratory disorders, may have infectious complications; some of them can be prevented with vaccinations. So far, no document has discussed the potential role of vaccination in PTLD. Therefore, the objective of this review was to describe vaccination recommendations to prevent infections potentially capable of complicating PTLD. MATERIALS AND METHODS A non-systematic review of the literature was conducted. The following keywords were used: tuberculosis, vaccination, vaccines and PTLD. PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase were used as the search engine, focusing on English-language literature only. RESULTS We identified 9 vaccines potentially useful in PTLD. Influenza, pneumococcal and anti-COVID-19 vaccinations should be recommended. Patients with PTLD can also benefit from vaccination against shingles. Vaccination against pertussis is mainly relevant during childhood. Diphtheria, tetanus and measles vaccination are recommended for general population and should be considered in patients with PTLD not previously vaccinated. Tdap (Tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis) booster should be repeated in every adult every ten years. Vaccination against BCG retains its importance during early childhood in countries where TB is endemic. CONCLUSIONS Vaccination deserves to be considered among the strategies to prevent and/or mitigate PTLD complications. Further evidence is necessary to better understand which vaccines have the greatest impact and cost-benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Nasiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - D R Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - F Rommasi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M M Zahmatkesh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Z Tajabadi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Khelghati
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - T Sarmastzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - R Centis
- Servizio di Epidemiologia Clinica delle Malattie Respiratorie, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Tradate, Italy
| | - L D'Ambrosio
- Public Health Consulting Group, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - S Bombarda
- Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, Programa de Controle da Tuberculose, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M P Dalcolmo
- Reference Center Hélio Fraga, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - T Galvão
- Serviço de Pneumologia, Hospital Especializado Octávio Mangabeira, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - F C de Queiroz Mello
- Thorax Diseases Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M F Rabahi
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil
| | - E Pontali
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - I Solovic
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Catholic University, Ruzomberok, Slovakia
- National Institute of Tuberculosis, Pulmonary Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Vysne Hagy, Slovakia
| | - M Tadolini
- Infectious Diseases Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Marconi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Tiberi
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, E1 2AT United Kingdom
| | - M van den Boom
- World Health Organisation, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Cairo, Egypt
| | - G Sotgiu
- Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - G B Migliori
- Servizio di Epidemiologia Clinica delle Malattie Respiratorie, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Tradate, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Koo JS, Zhan Q, Zhang H. Acetaldehyde-driven mRNA methylation and expression changes in ethanol-metabolizing enzyme genes. Epigenetics 2025; 20:2493865. [PMID: 40252050 PMCID: PMC12013419 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2025.2493865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2025] [Revised: 04/07/2025] [Accepted: 04/08/2025] [Indexed: 04/21/2025] Open
Abstract
This study examines how the alcohol metabolite acetaldehyde modulates mRNA methylation and expression of ethanol-metabolizing genes, uncovering its epigenetic role in ethanol metabolism. Using neuron-like (SH-SY5Y) and non-neuronal (SW620) cellular models, we examined the effects of chronic intermittent acetaldehyde (CIA) exposure and subsequent withdrawal (CIA+WD) on global RNA m6A modifications and the methylation and expression of three brain ethanol-metabolizing genes: CAT (catalase), CYP2E1 (cytochrome P450 2E1), and ALDH2 (aldehyde dehydrogenase 2). A 3-week CIA exposure, with or without 24-hour withdrawal, did not significantly alter global m6A methylation levels in either cell line. However, acetaldehyde exposure/withdrawal induced hypermethylation at the mRNA stop codon regions of ALDH2 (CIA: p = 0.002; CIA+WD: p = 0.055) and CAT (CIA: p = 0.077; CIA+WD: p = 0.036) in SH-SY5Y cells, but not in SW620 cells. Furthermore, ALDH2 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in both cell types following exposure (SH-SY5Y: p = 0.073 [CIA] and 0.00002 [CIA+WD]; SW620: p = 0.0009 [CIA] and 0.00008 [CIA+WD]). In contrast, CYP2E1 mRNA methylation and the expression of CYP2E1 and CAT remained unchanged. These findings highlight the cell-specific epigenetic effects of acetaldehyde, particularly its role in modulating mRNA methylation and expression of ALDH2, a key enzyme in alcohol metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sun Koo
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- The Biomedical Genetics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qiansheng Zhan
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- The Biomedical Genetics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- The Biomedical Genetics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Binte Hanafi Z, Mei Y, Teo HY, Zhu Y, Yong Lionel CC, Chiu JW, Lu J, Liu H. Calpain 2 regulates IL-1α secretion and inhibits tumor development via modulating calpain 1 expression in the tumor microenvironment. Oncoimmunology 2025; 14:2451444. [PMID: 39803956 PMCID: PMC11730618 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2025.2451444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2024] [Revised: 12/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2025] [Indexed: 01/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Tumor-promoting inflammation significantly impacts cancer progression, and targeting inflammatory cytokines has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach in clinical trials. Interleukin (IL)-1α, a member of the IL-1 cytokine family, plays a crucial role in both inflammation and carcinogenesis. How IL-1α is secreted in the tumor microenvironment has been poorly understood, and we previously showed that calpain 1 cleaves pro-IL-1α for mature IL-1α secretion, which exacerbates hepatocellular carcinoma by recruiting myeloid-derived suppressor cells. In this study, we report that calpain 2 also modulates IL-1α secretion. Notably, a deficiency in calpain 2 resulted in enhanced hepatocellular carcinoma development within an IL-1α-enriched tumor microenvironment. Further investigations revealed that calpain 2 deficiency increased calpain 1 expression, implying a compensatory mechanism between the two calpains. Mechanistically, calpain 2 deficiency led to increased expression of FoxO3, which is a forkhead transcription factor that promotes calpain 1 expression. Collectively, these results suggest that calpain 2 modulates calpain 1 expression, and therefore IL-1α secretion through the induction of FoxO3, offering novel potential therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuhairah Binte Hanafi
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute; Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Mei
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute; Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huey Yee Teo
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute; Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ying Zhu
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute; Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chew Chin Yong Lionel
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute; Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Wen Chiu
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute; Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jinhua Lu
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute; Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute; Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zarandi PK, Ghiasi M, Heiat M. The role and function of lncRNA in ageing-associated liver diseases. RNA Biol 2025; 22:1-8. [PMID: 39697114 PMCID: PMC11660375 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2024.2440678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/09/2024] [Accepted: 12/04/2024] [Indexed: 12/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases are a significant global health issue, characterized by elevated levels of disorder and death. The substantial impact of ageing on liver diseases and their prognosis is evident. Multiple processes are involved in the ageing process, which ultimately leads to functional deterioration of this organ. The process of liver ageing not only renders the liver more susceptible to diseases but also compromises the integrity of other organs due to the liver's critical function in metabolism regulation. A growing body of research suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a significant role in the majority of pathophysiological pathways. They regulate gene expression through a variety of interactions with microRNAs (miRNAs), messenger RNAs (mRNAs), DNA, or proteins. LncRNAs exert a major influence on the progression of age-related liver diseases through the regulation of cell proliferation, necrosis, apoptosis, senescence, and metabolic reprogramming. A concise overview of the current understanding of lncRNAs and their potential impact on the development of age-related liver diseases will be provided in this mini-review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Kheirandish Zarandi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Biology Signaling Pathway Interest Group (CBSPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Ghiasi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Heiat
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases (BRCGL), Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Crescioli S, Jatiani S, Moise L. With great power, comes great responsibility: the importance of broadly measuring Fc-mediated effector function early in the antibody development process. MAbs 2025; 17:2453515. [PMID: 39819511 PMCID: PMC11810086 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2025.2453515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2024] [Revised: 01/08/2025] [Accepted: 01/09/2025] [Indexed: 01/19/2025] Open
Abstract
The field of antibody therapeutics is rapidly growing, with over 210 antibodies currently approved or in regulatory review and ~ 1,250 antibodies in clinical development. Antibodies are highly versatile molecules that, with strategic design of their antigen-binding domain (Fab) and the domain responsible for mediating effector functions (Fc), can be used in a wide range of therapeutic indications. Building on many years of progress, the biopharmaceutical industry is now advancing innovative research and development by exploring new targets and new formats and using antibody engineering to fine-tune functions tailored to specific disease requirements. In addition to considering the target and the disease context, however, the unique features of each therapeutic antibody trigger a diverse set of Fc-mediated effector functions. To avoid unexpected results on safety and efficacy outcomes during the later stages of the development process, it is crucial to measure the impact of antibody design on Fc-mediated effector function early in the antibody development process. Given the breadth of effector functions antibodies can deploy and the close interplay between the antibody Fab and Fc functional domains, it is important to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of Fc-mediated functions using an array of antigen-specific biophysical and cell-mediated functional assays. Here, we review antibody and Fc receptor properties that influence Fc effector functions and discuss their implications on development of safe and efficacious antibody therapeutics.
Collapse
|
25
|
Li D, Ho V, Teng CF, Tsai HW, Liu Y, Bae S, Ajoyan H, Wettengel JM, Protzer U, Gloss BS, Rockett RJ, Al Asady R, Li J, So S, George J, Douglas MW, Tu T. Novel digital droplet inverse PCR assay shows that natural clearance of hepatitis B infection is associated with fewer viral integrations. Emerg Microbes Infect 2025; 14:2450025. [PMID: 39749570 PMCID: PMC11731057 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2025.2450025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2024] [Revised: 12/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/01/2025] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA integration into the host cell genome is reportedly a major cause of liver cancer, and a source of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). High HBsAg levels can alter immune responses which therefore contributes to the progression of HBV-related disease. However, to what extent integration leads to the persistent circulating HBsAg is unclear. Here, we aimed to determine if the extent of HBV DNA integration is associated with the persistence of circulating HBsAg in people exposed to HBV. We established a digital droplet quantitative inverse PCR (dd-qinvPCR) method to quantify integrated HBV DNA in patients who had been exposed to HBV (anti-HBc positive and HBeAg-negative). Total DNA extracts from both liver resections (n = 32; 14 HBsAg-negative and 18 HBsAg-positive) and fine-needle aspirates (FNA, n = 10; 2 HBsAg-negative and 8 HBsAg-positive) were analysed. Using defined in vitro samples for assay establishment, we showed that dd-qinvPCR could detect integrations within an input of <80 cells. The frequency of integrated HBV DNA in those who had undergone HBsAg loss (n = 14, mean ± SD of 1.514 × 10-3 ± 1.839 × 10-3 integrations per cell) was on average 9-fold lower than those with active HBV infection (n = 18, 1.16 × 10-2 ± 1.76 × 10-2 integrations per cell; p = 0.0179). In conclusion, we have developed and validated a highly precise, sensitive and quantitative PCR-based method for the quantification of HBV integrations in clinical samples. Natural clearance of HBV is associated with fewer viral integrations. Future studies are needed to determine if dynamics of integrated HBV DNA can inform the development of curative therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Vikki Ho
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Chiao-Fang Teng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wen Tsai
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah Bae
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Harout Ajoyan
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Jochen M. Wettengel
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Partner Site, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Partner Site, Munich, Germany
| | - Brian S. Gloss
- Scientific Platforms, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebecca J. Rockett
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology–Public Health, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Rafid Al Asady
- Department of Radiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Jane Li
- Department of Radiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon So
- Department of Radiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark W. Douglas
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas Tu
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chen X, Jiang J, He B, Luo S, Tan Q, Yao Y, Wan R, Xu H, Liu S, Pan X, Chen X, Li J. Piezo1 aggravates ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury by Ca 2+-dependent calpain/HIF-1α/Notch signaling. Ren Fail 2025; 47:2447801. [PMID: 39780511 PMCID: PMC11721879 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2447801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2024] [Revised: 12/08/2024] [Accepted: 12/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a vital role in the inflammation and repair processes of ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury (IR-AKI). The mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1 is significant in these inflammatory processes. However, the exact role of macrophage Piezo1 in IR-AKI is unknown. The main purpose of this study was to determine the role of macrophage Piezo1 in the injury and repair process in IR-AKI. Genetically modified mice with targeted knockout of Piezo1 in myeloid cells were established, and acute kidney injury was induced by bilateral renal vascular clamping surgery. Additionally, hypoxia treatment was performed on bone marrow-derived macrophages in vitro. Our data indicate that Piezo1 is upregulated in renal macrophages in mice with IR-AKI. Myeloid Piezo1 knockout provided protective effects in mice with IR-AKI. Mechanistically, the regulatory effects of Piezo1 on macrophages are at least partially linked to calpain signaling. Piezo1 activates Ca2+-dependent calpain signaling, which critically upregulates HIF-1α signaling. This key pathway subsequently influences the Notch and CCL2/CCR2 pathways, driving the polarization of M1 macrophages. In conclusion, our findings elucidate the biological functions of Piezo1 in renal macrophages, underscoring its role as a crucial mediator of acute kidney injury. Consequently, the genetic or pharmacological inhibition of Piezo1 presents a promising strategy for treating IR-AKI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Chen
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jintao Jiang
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin He
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shangfei Luo
- Medical Research Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qiaorui Tan
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youfen Yao
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rentao Wan
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honglin Xu
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Silin Liu
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianmei Pan
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Medical Research Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chu C, Huang Y, Cao L, Ji S, Zhu B, Shen Q. Role of macrophages in peritoneal dialysis-associated peritoneal fibrosis. Ren Fail 2025; 47:2474203. [PMID: 40044628 PMCID: PMC11884102 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2025.2474203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2025] [Accepted: 02/24/2025] [Indexed: 03/09/2025] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) can be used as renal replacement therapy when chronic kidney disease (CKD) progresses to end-stage renal disease. However, peritoneal fibrosis (PF) is a major cause of PD failure. Studies have demonstrated that PD fluid contains a significantly larger numbers of macrophages compared with the healthy individuals. During PD, macrophages can secrete cytokines to keep peritoneal tissue in sustained low-grade inflammation, and participate in the regulation of fibrosis-related signaling pathways, such as NF-κB, TGF-β/Smad, IL4/STAT6, and PI3K/AKT. A series of basic pathological changes occurs in peritoneal tissues, including epithelial mesenchymal transformation, overgeneration of neovasculature, and abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix. This review focuses on the role of macrophages in promoting PF during PD, summarizes the targets of macrophage-related inhibition of fibrosis, and provides new ideas for clinical research on delaying PF, maintaining the function and integrity of peritoneum, prolonging duration of PD as a renal replacement modality, and achieving longer survival in CKD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenling Chu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Urology & Nephrology Center, Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Urology & Nephrology Center, Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Luxi Cao
- Urology & Nephrology Center, Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuiyu Ji
- Urology & Nephrology Center, Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Urology & Nephrology Center, Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Quanquan Shen
- Urology & Nephrology Center, Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital Bijie Hospital, Bijie, Guizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Liu XR, Li M, Hao QQ, Yu YJ, Liao C, Yu R, Kong DL, Wang Y. Unraveling cysteinyl leukotrienes and their receptors in inflammation through the brain-gut-lung axis. Virulence 2025; 16:2502555. [PMID: 40351036 PMCID: PMC12077450 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2025.2502555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2025] [Accepted: 04/23/2025] [Indexed: 05/14/2025] Open
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs), as potent lipid inflammatory mediators, play a pivotal role in systemic multi-organ inflammation and inter-organ communication through interactions with their receptors (CysLTRs). However, However, the function of CysLT3R is unclear and lacks a network of cross-organ metabolite interactions, and the clinical use of leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) has certain limitations. This review systematically synthesizes existing evidence and proposes future directions by clarifying receptor subtype specificity, optimizing targeted therapies, exploring CysLTs' applications in neuroimmunology, and elucidating the dual roles of CysLTs in chronic inflammation. It is indicated that CysLTs activate eosinophils, mast cells, and airway tuft cells, driving type 2 immune responses and mucus secretion in the lungs, thereby exacerbating respiratory diseases such as asthma. In the nervous system, CysLTs aggravate neurodegenerative disorders like cerebral ischemia and Alzheimer's disease by disrupting the blood-brain barrier, promoting glial activation, and inducing neuronal damage. In the gut, CysLTs regulate anti-helminth immunity via the tuft cell-ILC2 pathway and collaborate with prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) to modulate bile excretion and mucosal protection. Furthermore, CysLTs mediate communication through the gut-lung and gut-brain axes via metabolites such as succinate, contributing to cross-organ inflammatory regulation. In conclusion, this review highlights the complex roles of CysLTs in chronic inflammation, providing a theoretical foundation for precise intervention in multi-organ inflammatory diseases, which provides a theoretical framework for precision interventions in multi-organ inflammatory diseases and inspires interdisciplinary breakthroughs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ru Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qian-Qian Hao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ya-Jie Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Cai Liao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Rui Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - De-Lei Kong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Shi X, Zhao H, Yu J, Cai P, Zhou S, Yang N, Li D. Changes in PD-1 expression on T lymphocyte subsets and related immune indicators before and after definitive chemoradiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Ann Med 2025; 57:2445190. [PMID: 39713872 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2445190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 11/30/2024] [Indexed: 12/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to observe the dynamic changes in the expression of T lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, and PD-1 in patients with first-diagnosed esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) before and after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and evaluate the impact of PD-1 expression in peripheral blood on the short-term outcome of patients with ESCC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventy-three patients with ESCC who were treated with definitive CRT were enrolled. Before and after CRT, flow cytometry was used to detect thePD-1 expression in the peripheral blood and related immune indicators. Peripheral blood from 10 healthy individuals was used as control. RESULTS The percentages of CD3+ (p = 0.018), CD4+ (p < 0.001), and CD8+ T cells (p < 0.001); NK cells (p = 0.009); and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio (p < 0.001), as well as PD-1+CD3+ (p < 0.001), PD-1+CD4+ (p < 0.001), and PD-1+CD8+ (p < 0.001) T cells, before CRT significantly differed from those in the post-CRT group. The percentages of PD-1+CD8+ T cells differed significantly between the radiotherapy alone and CRT groups (p < 0.05). PD-1 expression in CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells significantly decreased in patients achieving overall response rate (all p < 0.05). Compared with those in the incomplete response group, PD-1+CD8+ T cells significantly decreased in the CR group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION CRT aggravated immunosuppression and increased PD-1 expression in T lymphocyte subsets in patients with ESCC, possibly related to the radiation field. PD-1 expression in T lymphocyte subsets can predict short-term outcomes in patients and provide a theoretical basis for the sequential application of PD-1 immunosuppressants after radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Shi
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Translational Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Translational Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Jiaqi Yu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Translational Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Peng Cai
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Translational Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Shixiang Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Translational Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Translational Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Duojie Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Translational Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Thabet M, Hasan KA, Elhefnawy IA, Barakat G, Moemen D, Ragab A, Elsherbini DMA, El-Sherbiny M, Bahgat NA, Elshamy MR, Albarakati RG, Kar B, Hassan SI, Arif S, Reshi S, Ikram A, Ommen R, Bushaqer NJ, Abdel-Razik MM, Eldars W. Investigating the predictive role of serum amyloid A and its association with immunological and coagulation biomarkers in recurrent pregnancy loss. Libyan J Med 2025; 20:2472492. [PMID: 40022649 PMCID: PMC11873918 DOI: 10.1080/19932820.2025.2472492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2025] [Indexed: 03/03/2025] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the predictive role of serum amyloid A (SAA) levels and their association with antiphospholipid antibodies (APA) and coagulation markers such as lupus anticoagulants (LA), anti-cardiolipin (ACA), protein C (PC) deficiency, protein S (PS) deficiency, and antithrombin III (ATIII) deficiency in recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). This prospective case-control study comprised two groups: the study group (n = 88) included women with recurrent pregnancy loss at Mansoura University Hospital between January 2019 and December 2020, and the control group (n = 52) included women without obstetric or medical complications. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data, including serum samples collected at 10 weeks of gestation, were collected from all participants. The study measured SAA levels, lupus anticoagulants, anti-cardiolipin, protein C, protein S, and antithrombin III levels. The SAA level was significantly elevated in the recurrent pregnancy loss group compared to that in the control group. Lupus anticoagulant positive, anti-cardiolipin positive Immunoglobulin M (IgM), and deficiencies in protein C, protein S, and antithrombin III were significantly observed in patients with RPL (p < 0.05). The SAA levels were significantly elevated in both LA-positive and ACA-positive IgM patients. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that at SAA > 24.8 for the prediction of recurrent pregnancy loss, sensitivity was 98.86%, and specificity was 92.31%. Positive and negative predictive values were 95.6% and 98.0%, respectively. The area under the curve = 0.971 (0.927-0.992). SAA is associated with recurrent pregnancy loss and may therefore serve as a potential predictor of this condition. The observed elevation in SAA levels could be primary or secondary to the inflammatory response that promotes thrombotic activity in RPL patients at risk of APA, Protein S, Protein C, and ATIII deficiencies. Implementing SAA screening during pregnancy may facilitate the identification of individuals who could potentially benefit from novel treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Thabet
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Kawkab Ali Hasan
- Al Sharq’s Obstetrics & Gynecology Clinic, Al Sharq Hospital, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ismail A. Elhefnawy
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Damietta Specialized Hospital, Ministry of Health, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Ghada Barakat
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Dalia Moemen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ragab
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Clinical Medical Sciences Department, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Al-Hamra’a, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nagwan Ahmed Bahgat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Maged Ragheb Elshamy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rayan G. Albarakati
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Baisakhi Kar
- Al Sharq’s Obstetrics & Gynecology Clinic, Al Sharq Hospital, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sara Izzeldin Hassan
- Al Sharq’s Obstetrics & Gynecology Clinic, Al Sharq Hospital, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Spogmai Arif
- Al Sharq’s Obstetrics & Gynecology Clinic, Al Sharq Hospital, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saima Reshi
- Al Sharq’s Obstetrics & Gynecology Clinic, Al Sharq Hospital, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abida Ikram
- Al Sharq’s Obstetrics & Gynecology Clinic, Al Sharq Hospital, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rebecamma Ommen
- Al Sharq’s Obstetrics & Gynecology Clinic, Al Sharq Hospital, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nayla Jamal Bushaqer
- OBS & Gynecology Department, Bahrain Defence Force (BDF) Hospital, Riffa, Bahrain
| | | | - Waleed Eldars
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, New Mansoura University, New Mansoura, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Emami S, Westerlund E, Rojas Converso T, Johansson-Lindbom B, Persson JJ. Protection acquired upon intraperitoneal group a Streptococcus immunization is independent of concurrent adaptive immune responses but relies on macrophages and IFN-γ. Virulence 2025; 16:2457957. [PMID: 39921669 PMCID: PMC11810095 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2025.2457957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Revised: 11/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2025] [Indexed: 02/10/2025] Open
Abstract
Group A Streptococcus (GAS; Streptococcus pyogenes) is an important bacterial pathogen causing over 700 million superficial infections and around 500.000 deaths due to invasive disease or severe post-infection sequelae yearly. In spite of this major impact on society, there is currently no vaccine available against this bacterium. GAS strains can be separated into >250 distinct emm (M)-types, and protective immunity against GAS is believed to in part be dependent on type-specific antibodies. Here, we analyse the nature of protective immunity generated against GAS in a model of intraperitoneal immunization in mice. We demonstrate that multiple immunizations are required for the ability to survive a subsequent lethal challenge, and although significant levels of GAS-specific antibodies are produced, these are redundant for protection. Instead, our data show that the immunization-dependent protection in this model is induced in the absence of B and T cells and is accompanied by the induction of an altered acute cytokine profile upon subsequent infection, noticeable e.g. by the absence of classical pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased IFN-γ production. Further, the ability of immunized mice to survive a lethal infection is dependent on macrophages and the macrophage-activating cytokine IFN-γ. To our knowledge these findings are the first to suggest that GAS may have the ability to induce forms of trained innate immunity. Taken together, the current study proposes a novel role for the innate immune system in response to GAS infections that potentially could be leveraged for future development of effective vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Emami
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elsa Westerlund
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Jenny J Persson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Moutsoglou D, Ramakrishnan P, Vaughn BP. Microbiota transplant therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: advances and mechanistic insights. Gut Microbes 2025; 17:2477255. [PMID: 40062406 PMCID: PMC11901402 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2025.2477255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2025] [Accepted: 03/04/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025] Open
Abstract
Microbiota transplant therapy is an emerging therapy for inflammatory bowel disease, but factors influencing its efficacy and mechanism remain poorly understood. In this narrative review, we outline key elements affecting therapeutic outcomes, including donor factors (such as age and patient relationship), recipient factors, control selection, and elements impacting engraftment and its correlation with clinical response. We also examine potential mechanisms through inflammatory bowel disease trials, focusing on the interplay between the microbiota, host, and immune system. Finally, we briefly explore potential future directions for microbiota transplant therapy and promising emerging treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Moutsoglou
- Gastroenterology Section, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Byron P. Vaughn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fritz AM, Smith AM. Poison, lies, war: A mixed methods content analysis of posts about COVID-19 vaccination on Gab Social. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2025; 21:2443999. [PMID: 39749427 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2443999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 12/04/2024] [Accepted: 12/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/04/2025] Open
Abstract
Recent surges in COVID-19 cases demonstrate the unabated transmissibility of this disease. Despite the ongoing threat of contagion, however, uptake of the COVID-19 vaccines, especially as booster doses, remains suboptimal among eligible adults and children in the United States, as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). Public attitudes toward these vaccines remain balkanized, with some groups harboring ambivalence or even opposition to receiving inoculation. Given the challenges for public health posed by the current, and potentially, future pandemics, it is crucial to understand more about how laypersons discuss and frame the vaccination debate in informal, non- or minimally monitored spaces. Following their development, virtual groups were created to share stories about negative reactions to COVID-19 vaccines. Using a mixed methods approach, the present study analyzed a census of 368 posts on Gab Social that articulate users' attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination. Our approach focused on the framing and themes reflected in the posts, along with specific concerns expressed by users. Key findings include the observation that Gab users frequently frame the COVID-19 vaccination decision as one of whether the vaccines do more harm than good (i.e. helping vs. hurting frame) and that adverse reactions to the COVID-19 vaccines are not being truthfully reported on by mainstream media. Moreover, posts often display an antagonistic "Us vs. Them" perspective that pits vaccine skeptics against adherents. Overall, Gab users expressed strong resistance to the vaccines and distrusted government-issued recommendations to vaccinate, yet valorized medical professionals who advocated for more research on the vaccines' safety. Through these investigations, we hope to derive insights that may inform COVID-19 vaccine promotion; accordingly, practical recommendations are suggested based on our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Marianne Fritz
- Department of Communication Studies, California State University, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrea M Smith
- Communication Department, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cunningham AL, Sandgren KJ, Taylor J. Current status of immunisation for herpes zoster. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2025; 21:2445384. [PMID: 39761810 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2445384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2024] [Revised: 12/05/2024] [Accepted: 12/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Herpes zoster (HZ) is increasingly common in the aging and is experienced by approximately one in three people in their lifetime. It is also relatively common in immune-compromised people. Acute HZ causes severe pain, reduced quality of life and severe complications, including prolonged pain, or postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), and ocular zoster, which may rarely progress to blindness. In severely immune-compromised people disseminated zoster may affect the brain and liver. A second-generation vaccine, the Recombinant Zoster Vaccine, consisting of recombinant viral glycoprotein E and the Adjuvant System 01 (AS01B), now offers >90% efficacy against HZ and associated complications in immune-competent people. Efficacy persists above 80% for 11 years. In severely immune-compromised patients, the vaccine is safe with efficacy and/or immunogenicity of 68-87%. There is also excellent immunogenicity for those on JAK inhibitors and corticosteroid therapy. The vaccine offers a paradigm for successful and durable immunization in the aging and immune-compromised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Lawrence Cunningham
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Disease (Sydney ID) at the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kerrie Jane Sandgren
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Disease (Sydney ID) at the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Janette Taylor
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Choi JC. Perinuclear organelle trauma at the nexus of cardiomyopathy pathogenesis arising from loss of function LMNA mutation. Nucleus 2025; 16:2449500. [PMID: 39789731 PMCID: PMC11730615 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2024.2449500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2024] [Revised: 12/22/2024] [Accepted: 12/30/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2025] Open
Abstract
Over the past 25 years, nuclear envelope (NE) perturbations have been reported in various experimental models with mutations in the LMNA gene. Although the hypothesis that NE perturbations from LMNA mutations are a fundamental feature of striated muscle damage has garnered wide acceptance, the molecular sequalae provoked by the NE damage and how they underlie disease pathogenesis such as cardiomyopathy (LMNA cardiomyopathy) remain poorly understood. We recently shed light on one such consequence, by employing a cardiomyocyte-specific Lmna deletion in vivo in the adult heart. We observed extensive NE perturbations prior to cardiac function deterioration with collateral damage in the perinuclear space. The Golgi is particularly affected, leading to cytoprotective stress responses that are likely disrupted by the progressive deterioration of the Golgi itself. In this review, we discuss the etiology of LMNA cardiomyopathy with perinuclear 'organelle trauma' as the nexus between NE damage and disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason C. Choi
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sonar S, Das A, Kalele K, Subramaniyan V. Exosome-based cancer vaccine: a cell-free approach. Mol Biol Rep 2025; 52:421. [PMID: 40272645 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-025-10519-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2025] [Accepted: 04/15/2025] [Indexed: 05/04/2025]
|
37
|
Hu G, Luo X, Liao J, Zou C, Huang Y, Geng R, Zhao Z, Shen H, Cao Y, Peng O, Zhang H. Neutralizing antibody levels as a key factor in determining the immunogenic efficacy of the novel PEDV alpha coronavirus vaccine. Vet Q 2025; 45:1-20. [PMID: 40432512 PMCID: PMC12120861 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2025.2509506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2025] [Revised: 05/08/2025] [Accepted: 05/17/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes significant global agricultural losses. Despite commercial inactivated and live attenuated vaccines, persistent outbreaks underscore the need for more effective solutions. Here, we isolated a novel Chinese PEDV variant, PEDV ShXXY2-2023, with amino acid substitutions in key neutralizing epitopes (N-terminal domain, receptor-binding domain, and CO-26K equivalent epitope) compared to vaccine strains. An inactivated ShXXY2-2023 vaccine induced higher neutralizing antibodies and superior cross-protection versus commercial vaccines. Vaccinated sows conferred enhanced protection to offspring, improving piglet survival post-challenge. Maternal serum neutralizing antibody titers correlated strongly with piglet survival; titers of 1:377-1:774 at one week prepartum yielded >80% protective efficacy. These findings emphasize neutralizing antibodies' critical role in PEDV prevention and position ShXXY2-2023 as a promising vaccine candidate, with broader implications for coronavirus vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangli Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuangchao Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yihui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanqin Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Enterprise Key Laboratory of Healthy Animal Husbandry and Environment Control, Wen’s Foodstuff Group Co. Ltd, Yunfu, China
| | - Yongchang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ouyang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Rani P, Koulmane Laxminarayana SL, Swaminathan SM, Nagaraju SP, Bhojaraja MV, Shetty S, Kanakalakshmi ST. TGF-β: elusive target in diabetic kidney disease. Ren Fail 2025; 47:2483990. [PMID: 40180324 PMCID: PMC11980245 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2025.2483990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2025] [Accepted: 03/14/2025] [Indexed: 04/05/2025] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), a cytokine with near omnipresence, is an integral part of many vital cellular processes across the human body. The family includes three isoforms: Transforming growth factor-beta 1, 2, and 3. These cytokines play a significant role in the fibrosis cascade. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a major complication of diabetes, is increasing in prevalence daily, and the classical diagnosis of diabetes is based on the presence of albuminuria. The occurrence of nonalbuminuric DKD has provided new insight into the pathogenesis of this disease. The emphasis on multifactorial pathways involved in developing DKD has highlighted some markers associated with tissue fibrosis. In diabetic nephropathy, TGF-β is significantly involved in its pathology. Its presence in serum and urine means that it could be a diagnostic tool while its regulation provides potential therapeutic targets. Completely blocking TGF-β signaling could reach untargeted regions and cause unanticipated effects. This paper reviews the basic details of TGF-β as a cytokine, its role in DKD, and updates on research carried out to validate its candidacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Rani
- Department of Nephrology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | | | - Shilna Muttickal Swaminathan
- Department of Nephrology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Shankar Prasad Nagaraju
- Department of Nephrology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | | | - Sahana Shetty
- Department of Endocrinology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kumar R, Gandham S, Bhaskar V, Praharaj MR, Maity HK, Sarkar U, Dey B. Transcriptomic insights into Mycobacterium orygis infection-associated pulmonary granulomas reveal multicellular immune networks and tuberculosis biomarkers in cattle. Vet Q 2025; 45:1-19. [PMID: 40432328 PMCID: PMC12120866 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2025.2509503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2025] [Accepted: 05/17/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium orygis, a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), has emerged as a significant contributor to tuberculosis (TB) in cattle, wildlife, and humans. However, understanding about its pathogenesis and severity is limited, compounded by the lack of reliable TB biomarkers in cattle. This study delves into the comparative pathology and transcriptomic landscape of pulmonary granulomas in cattle naturally infected with M. orygis, using high-throughput RNA sequencing. Histopathological analysis revealed extensive, multistage granulomatous, necrotic, and cavitary lesions, indicative of severe lung pathology induced by M. orygis. Transcriptomic profiling highlighted numerous differentially expressed genes and dysregulated pathways related to immune response modulation and extracellular matrix remodelling. Additionally, cell type enrichment analysis provided insights into the multicellularity of the granulomatous niche, emphasising complex cell-cell interactions within TB granulomas. Via comparative transcriptomics leveraging publicly available bovine and human TB omics datasets, 14 key immunomodulators (SOD2, IL1α/β, IL15, IL18, CCL2/MCP-1, CCL3/MIP-1α, CCL4/MIP-1β, CCL8/MCP-2, CCL20/MIP-3α, CXCL2/MIP-2, CXCL10/IP-10, CXCL11, and IFN-γ) were identified as potential biomarkers for active TB in cattle. These findings significantly advance our understanding of M. orygis pathogenesis in bovine TB and highlight potential targets for the development of diagnostic tools for managing and controlling the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Kumar
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Sripratyusha Gandham
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Vinay Bhaskar
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manas Ranjan Praharaj
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Hemanta Kumar Maity
- Department of Avian Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Uttam Sarkar
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Bappaditya Dey
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bhagwat A, Haldar T, Kanojiya P, Saroj SD. Bacterial metabolism in the host and its association with virulence. Virulence 2025; 16:2459336. [PMID: 39890585 PMCID: PMC11792850 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2025.2459336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2024] [Revised: 01/13/2025] [Accepted: 01/22/2025] [Indexed: 02/03/2025] Open
Abstract
The host restricted pathogens are competently dependent on their respective host for nutritional requirements. The bacterial metabolic pathways are surprisingly varied and remarkably flexible that in turn help them to successfully overcome competition and colonise their host. The metabolic adaptation plays pivotal role in bacterial pathogenesis. The understanding of host-pathogen metabolic crosstalk needs to be prioritized to decipher host-pathogen interactions. The review focuses on various aspects of host pathogen interactions that majorly involves adaptation of bacterial metabolism to counteract immune mechanisms by rectifying metabolic cues that provides pathogen the idea of different anatomical sites and the local physiology of the host. The key set of metabolites that are recognized as centre of competition between host and its pathogens are also briefly discussed. The factors that control the timely expression of virulence of bacterial pathogens is poorly understood. The perspective presented herein will facilitate us with a broader view of molecular mechanisms that modulates the expression of virulence factors in bacterial pathogens. The knowledge of crosslinked metabolic pathways of bacteria and their host will serve to develop novel potential therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Bhagwat
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
| | - Tiyasa Haldar
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
| | - Poonam Kanojiya
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
| | - Sunil D. Saroj
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lin S, Hou L, Li X, Que L, Li X, Fang J, Xu H, Huang K. Diagnosis and treatment of Diamond-Blackfan anemia and Pierre-Robin sequence caused by a novel mutation of RPS28 gene. Hematology 2025; 30:2481688. [PMID: 40135709 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2025.2481688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2025] [Indexed: 03/27/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a congenital erythroid aplasia associated with physical anomalies and a predisposition to cancer. It is categorized as ribosomopathy related to heterozygous allelic variations in ribosomal protein (RP) genes. Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) is a rare and etiologically heterogeneous condition, defined by the clinical triad of micrognathia, glossoptosis, and cleft palate. METHODS AND RESULTS We present a 5-year-and-2-month-old Chinese boy diagnosed with DBA combined with RPS. He was born with micrognathia, cleft palate, and airway obstruction, resulting in neonatal asphyxia and feeding difficulties, which constitute the classic triad of PRS. Low-set ears, downslanted palpebral fissures, bilateral exotropia, a short neck, hypertelorism, a thenar muscle defect, and bilateral severe sensorineural hearing loss were also observed in the boy. His motor and speech development were significantly delayed. In addition, he was found to be granulocytopenic at birth and severely anemic at 2 years and 10 months of age. Whole exome sequencing of peripheral blood revealed a heterozygous mutation in the RPS28 gene (c.2T > C, p.Met1?), a novel pathogenic mutation in RPS28. RPS28 is one of the ribosomal protein (RP) genes, which may contribute to DBA-related phenotypes. The boy underwent HSCT from 9/10 HLA-matched donor and his neutrophil and hemoglobin levels returned to normal. CONCLUSION It is crucial to perform a genetic evaluation for syndromic bone marrow failure with congenital anomalies. A heterozygous mutation in the RPS28 gene (c.2T > C, p.Met1?) is a novel pathogenic mutation associated with DBA. HSCT is an effective treatment for hematological abnormalities in DBA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaofen Lin
- Children's Medical Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lele Hou
- Children's Medical Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Children's Medical Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Que
- Children's Medical Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianpei Fang
- Children's Medical Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Honggui Xu
- Children's Medical Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Huang
- Children's Medical Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Nair A, Khanna J, Kler J, Ragesh R, Sengupta K. Nuclear envelope and chromatin choreography direct cellular differentiation. Nucleus 2025; 16:2449520. [PMID: 39943681 PMCID: PMC11834525 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2024.2449520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2024] [Revised: 12/28/2024] [Accepted: 12/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2025] Open
Abstract
The nuclear envelope plays an indispensable role in the spatiotemporal organization of chromatin and transcriptional regulation during the intricate process of cell differentiation. This review outlines the distinct regulatory networks between nuclear envelope proteins, transcription factors and epigenetic modifications in controlling the expression of cell lineage-specific genes during differentiation. Nuclear lamina with its associated nuclear envelope proteins organize heterochromatin via Lamina-Associated Domains (LADs), proximal to the nuclear periphery. Since nuclear lamina is mechanosensitive, we critically examine the impact of extracellular forces on differentiation outcomes. The nuclear envelope is spanned by nuclear pore complexes which, in addition to their central role in transport, are associated with chromatin organization. Furthermore, mutations in the nuclear envelope proteins disrupt differentiation, resulting in developmental disorders. Investigating the underlying nuclear envelope controlled regulatory mechanisms of chromatin remodelling during lineage commitment will accelerate our fundamental understanding of developmental biology and regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjitha Nair
- Chromosome Biology Lab (CBL), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jayati Khanna
- Chromosome Biology Lab (CBL), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jashan Kler
- Chromosome Biology Lab (CBL), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rohith Ragesh
- Chromosome Biology Lab (CBL), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kundan Sengupta
- Chromosome Biology Lab (CBL), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Liu Y, Li W, Yang Z, Wei M, Yan L, Lv Y, Li Z, Guo Z, Li Z, Zhou W, Huang W. Peptide-based smart nanosystem for spatiotemporal regulation of bone immunity and cartilage repair to alleviate osteoarthritis. Biomaterials 2025; 323:123440. [PMID: 40449082 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2025] [Revised: 05/21/2025] [Accepted: 05/25/2025] [Indexed: 06/02/2025]
Abstract
The key pathological features of osteoarthritis (OA) are cartilage damage and synovial inflammation. However, traditional treatments often fail to mitigate the temporal and spatial progression of inflammation and cartilage damage, leading to limited therapeutic efficacy. In this study, we designed a peptide-based smart nanosystem (COF-1@PFK) that, in its first stage of operation, regulates the inflammatory microenvironment of OA by releasing the anti-inflammatory peptide K23 and promoting synovial macrophage M2 polarization, thereby creating an optimal immune environment for cartilage repair. In the second stage, the system targets damaged cartilage by detecting the negative charge of damaged chondrocytes and enables the sustained release of FGF18, directly promoting cartilage regeneration. OA was induced in rats by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT), followed by four intra-articular injections performed at two-week intervals starting four weeks after surgery. Immunohistochemical staining for MMP13 and COLII in chondrocytes revealed that in both the COF-1@PF and COF-1@PK groups, the proportion of MMP13-positive cells notably decreased, whereas the proportion of COLII-positive cells increased (p < 0.05). COF-1@PFK, which contained both FGF18 and K23, exhibited the most potent cartilage repair effects, as evidenced by a significant decrease in the proportion of MMP13-positive cells and a marked increase in the number of COLII-positive cells in the COF-1@PFK group. In conclusion, COF-1@PFK successfully modulated the temporal and spatial dynamics of synovial inflammation and cartilage damage in the pathological process of OA, significantly increasing therapeutic efficacy and demonstrating promise for clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230022, China; Graduate School, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Wenwei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Zhichao Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230022, China; Graduate School, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Ming Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Liang Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Yang Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Zhaoyu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Zezhong Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Liang H, Zhou B, Li P, Zhang X, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Yao S, Qu S, Chen J. Stemness regulation in prostate cancer: prostate cancer stem cells and targeted therapy. Ann Med 2025; 57:2442067. [PMID: 39711287 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2442067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2024] [Accepted: 11/22/2024] [Indexed: 12/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence indicates that cancer stem cells (CSCs) and cancer stem-like cells form a special subpopulation of cells that are ubiquitous in tumors. These cells exhibit similar characteristics to those of normal stem cells in tissues; moreover, they are capable of self-renewal and differentiation, as well as high tumorigenicity and drug resistance. In prostate cancer (PCa), it is difficult to kill these cells using androgen signaling inhibitors and chemotherapy drugs. Consequently, the residual prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) mediate tumor recurrence and progression. OBJECTIVE This review aims to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of PCSCs, with a particular emphasis on potential therapeutic strategies targeting these cells. METHODS After searching in PubMed and Embase databases using 'prostate cancer' and 'cancer stem cells' as keywords, studies related were compiled and examined. RESULTS In this review, we detail the origin and characteristics of PCSCs, introduce the regulatory pathways closely related to CSC survival and stemness maintenance, and discuss the link between epithelial-mesenchymal transition, tumor microenvironment and tumor stemness. Furthermore, we introduce the currently available therapeutic strategies targeting CSCs, including signaling pathway inhibitors, anti-apoptotic protein inhibitors, microRNAs, nanomedicine, and immunotherapy. Lastly, we summarize the limitations of current CSC research and mention future research directions. CONCLUSION A deeper understanding of the regulatory network and molecular markers of PCSCs could facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting these cells. Previous preclinical studies have demonstrated the potential of this treatment approach. In the future, this may offer alternative treatment options for PCa patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peixin Li
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shijie Zhang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yaozhong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shengwen Yao
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Sifeng Qu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chavda VP, Vuppu S, Mishra T, Sharma N, Kamaraj S, Mishra S, Sureshbhai B, Matsoukas J, Apostolopoulos V. Control measures for neglected tropical diseases: vaccine updates. Expert Rev Vaccines 2025; 24:535-555. [PMID: 40485377 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2025.2517712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2025] [Indexed: 06/16/2025]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infectious diseases like neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) have seen a rapid surge in recent times, threatening public health. These diseases impose a significant global health burden, affecting individuals, particularly in tropical locations characterized by low-income populations. The comprehensive compilation of NTDs includes an array of bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections. The prioritization of 20-NTD action plans in 2020 was undertaken by the WHO to acknowledge their importance. Infections such as leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis, and human African trypanosomiasis exhibit high rates of mortality. This highlights the pressing need for collaborative initiatives aimed at addressing these diseases and minimizing their detrimental impact on susceptible populations. AREAS COVERED The etiology, types of NTDs, and management strategies, particularly vaccinations are discussed. The limitations of the available vaccines and the scope of development of novel formulations are also covered. EXPERT OPINION The emergence of vaccines for NTDs poses significant challenges, mostly arising from the complex developmental phases of diverse diseases, inadequate resources for research, minimal involvement from the pharmaceutical industry, and the wide spectrum of infections, impeding vaccine development. Advancements in technology have improved vaccine quality, which could lead to the development of personalized vaccines tailored to individual susceptibility to specific NTD pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Suneetha Vuppu
- Department of Biotechnology, Science, Innovation, and Society Research Lab 115, Hexagon (SMV), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Toshika Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Science, Innovation, and Society Research Lab 115, Hexagon (SMV), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Nikita Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Science, Innovation, and Society Research Lab 115, Hexagon (SMV), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Sathvika Kamaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Science, Innovation, and Society Research Lab 115, Hexagon (SMV), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Shatakshi Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Science, Innovation, and Society Research Lab 115, Hexagon (SMV), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Bhumi Sureshbhai
- Department of Biotechnology, Science, Innovation, and Society Research Lab 115, Hexagon (SMV), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - John Matsoukas
- New Drug PC, Division of Organic Chemistry Biochemistry and Natural Products, Patras Science Park, Patras, Greece
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Matsumoto Y, Mori Y, Kageyama S, Yoshimura K, Saito T, Terada R, Nojima Y. Exploring the association of natriuretic peptides with QTc interval in hemodialysis patients. Ren Fail 2025; 47:2460720. [PMID: 39962730 PMCID: PMC11837943 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2025.2460720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 12/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2025] [Indexed: 02/21/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD), cardiovascular (CV) disease, particularly sudden cardiac death (SCD), is a major cause of mortality. Independent predictors of SCD include a prolonged QT interval on electrocardiography (ECG) and elevated levels of natriuretic peptides (NPs). This study explores the association between the QTc interval and NPs in HD patients. METHODS This cross-sectional study involved 207 HD patients, having a heart rate of 57 to 103 bpm, displaying sinus rhythm and no extrasystoles in ECG reports. Before the 2nd HD of the week, we conducted ECG and blood tests for atrial NP (ANP), brain NP (BNP), and N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP). The heart rate-corrected QT (QTc) was calculated using Bazett formula. Our analysis focused on the association between QTc and each NP, along with evaluating clinically relevant variables related to the QTc interval. RESULTS Univariate analyses indicated robust correlations among the NPs, with each NP significantly associated with the QTc interval. Multiple regression analyses of the three NPs revealed that NT-proBNP demonstrated the strongest predictive ability for the QTc interval. Independent predictors of prolonged QTc included lower corrected calcium (cCa) levels (p = 0.001), lower potassium (K) levels (p < 0.001), and higher log NT-proBNP (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION In HD patients, NT-proBNP shows a stronger link with the QTc interval than BNP or ANP. Integrating clinical management considering both QTc and log NT-proBNP levels might help reduce CV events. Additionally, vigilance regarding low K or cCa levels is recommended from the perspective of the QTc interval.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasuo Mori
- Hemodialysis, Shibukawa Clinic, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | | | - Takao Saito
- Hemodialysis, Higashi-Shizuoka Jin Clinic, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Risako Terada
- Nephrology and Dialysis, Shizuoka City Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yohichi Nojima
- Nephrology and Dialysis, Shizuoka City Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lin Y, Zhang S, Chen Z, Lin X, Wang X, Shen X, Huang L, Deng Y, Chen C. Stress hyperglycemia ratio as a predictor of acute kidney injury and its outcomes in critically ill patients. Ren Fail 2025; 47:2499228. [PMID: 40321025 PMCID: PMC12054585 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2025.2499228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2025] [Revised: 04/10/2025] [Accepted: 04/20/2025] [Indexed: 05/08/2025] Open
Abstract
This study investigated stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) for acute kidney injury (AKI) and clinical outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU). Key outcomes were AKI within 48 h after ICU admission, acute kidney disease (AKD), ICU mortality, 28-day mortality, 90-day mortality and 1-year mortality. The associations between SHR and outcomes was estimated via logistic regression, Cox proportional hazards regression, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses. Subgroup analyses assessed the consistency of these associations. Totally 3,714 patients were included from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV. SHR was associated with an increased risk of AKI (ORadjusted 1.29 95%CI 1.05-1.59). Among AKI patients, SHR was associated with increased risks of AKD (ORadjusted 1.94 95%CI 1.57-2.39), ICU mortality (ORadjusted 2.31 95%CI 1.60-3.32), 28-day mortality (HRadjusted 1.39 95%CI 1.29-1.50), 90-day mortality (HRadjusted 1.37 95%CI 1.26-1.48), and 1-year mortality (HRadjusted 1.37 95%CI 1.27-1.47). RCS analysis revealed a linear relationship with AKI, a J-shaped relationship with AKD, and a U-shaped relationship with mortality. Subgroup analysis confirmed the consistency of relationship between SHR and AKI. SHR demonstrates significant associations with AKI incidence, and correlates with AKD progression/mortality in critically ill adult ICU patients, suggesting its potential as a risk stratification and prognostic tool for AKI management, though further prospective validation is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Lin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zeling Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuwei Lin
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaojun Shen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiyu Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunbo Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhang H, Zhou J, Tang K, Zhang X, Jin H. Expanding the therapeutic horizons of spesolimab: a review of off-label applications for inflammatory skin diseases. J DERMATOL TREAT 2025; 36:2460582. [PMID: 39956544 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2025.2460582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2025] [Indexed: 02/18/2025]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review aims to outline the crucial role of IL-36 signaling in inflammatory skin diseases and summarize the therapeutic potential of spesolimab. Our goal is to provide insights into the off-label applications of spesolimab and future directions for its use in treating other challenging skin diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a comprehensive literature search across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library to identify relevant studies. For RCTs, we additionally searched the ClinicalTrials.gov database. RESULTS In this review, we examine its off-label applications for conditions such as palmoplantar pustulosis, acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau, hidradenitis suppurativa, pyoderma gangrenosum, and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis. This review also explores the role of IL-36 in the pathophysiology of these disorders and discusses how spesolimab may address the limitations of current therapies for refractory cases. Randomized controlled trials and case reports are summarized to highlight the efficacy and tolerability of spesolimab across various inflammatory skin conditions. We highlight the challenges presented by the absence of standardized treatment guidelines and the need for larger clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS This review underscores the potential of spesolimab to enhance treatment strategies for inflammatory skin diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Keyun Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hongzhong Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhu C, Zhang Y, Pan Y, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Lin X, Cai J, Xiong Z, Pan Y, Nie H. Clinical correlation between intestinal flora profiles and the incidence of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Gynecol Endocrinol 2025; 41:2465587. [PMID: 39949270 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2025.2465587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2025] [Accepted: 02/05/2025] [Indexed: 05/09/2025] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the characteristics of intestinal microflora polymorphism in postmenopausal women, and to determine the pathophysiological changes of gene polymorphism of intestinal flora and bone metabolism in postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) patients. METHODS A total of 104 postmenopausal women with PMOP or normal bone density were included. Lifestyle, hip T-score, bone metabolism indexes (25(OH)D, PTH, β-CTX, PINP), intestinal mucous membrane barrier function (diamine oxidase, D-lactic acid, LPS), gene polymorphisms, and characteristics of gut microbiota were examined. RESULTS Women with PMOP had reduced physical activity, less dietary protein and calcium intake, lower levels of 25(OH)D, hip T-score, and BMD, but PMOP group had increased total energy and fat intake, and higher levels of PTH, β-CTX, diamine oxidase, D-lactic acid, and LPS (p < .05 for all), as compared with normal subjects. Analyses of the α- and β-diversity of fecal microbiota indicated remarkably differences in postmenopausal women with or without PMOP. In details, individuals with PMOP had increased abundances of some genera (e.g. Roseburia and Bacteroides), but decreased abundances of some genera (e.g. Streptococcus and Dorea). Furthermore, use of a random forest model based on differential abundant taxa and ROC analysis could efficiently identify women with PMOP in the present cohort (AUC = 0.93). CONCLUSION The incidence of PMOP was closely associated with fecal microbial compositions and intestinal functional changes. The present findings supported potential applications of gut microbiome analysis for early diagnosis of PMOP, and provided potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuifeng Zhu
- Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yi Pan
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Obesity and Metabolic Complications, ChangSha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhentian Zhang
- Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiuping Lin
- Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jinchuan Cai
- Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhuang Xiong
- Yearth Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yong Pan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hezhongrong Nie
- Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chen Y, Li Y, Xu Y, Lv Q, Ye Y, Gu J. Revealing the role of natural killer cells in ankylosing spondylitis: identifying diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Ann Med 2025; 57:2457523. [PMID: 39853176 PMCID: PMC11770870 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2025.2457523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 01/06/2025] [Accepted: 01/07/2025] [Indexed: 01/26/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the axial joints. Immune cells play a key role in the pathogenesis of AS. This study integrated bioinformatics methods with experimental validation to explore the role of natural killer (NK) cells in AS. METHODS Two microarray datasets, GSE25101 and GSE73754, were selected, and the scRNA-seq data were obtained from GSE194315 and Liu's research. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and functional enrichment analysis were performed respectively. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was conducted to identify key modules of co-expressed genes and genes involved in NK cell function. The diagnostic value of the identified key genes was evaluated using ROC curves, logistic regression analysis, and a nomogram. Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) was used to quantified the expression of genes. Statistical analysis was conducted using the R software package, and a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Pathways enrichment analysis revealed the involvement of NK cell-mediated immune pathways and regulation of the innate immune response, indicating the crucial role of innate immunity, especially NK cells, in AS pathogenesis. The construction of a co-expression network revealed that the MElightyellow module was most relevant to the NK cell-mediated immune pathway. IL2RB, CD247, PLEKHF1, EOMES, S1PR5, FGFBP2 from the MElightyellow module were identified as key genes involved in NK cell-mediated immune response and served as potential diagnostic biomarkers for AS, with moderate to high diagnostic values based on AUC values. Further analysis using scRNA-seq profiling revealed the higher expression level of IL2RB, CD247, PLEKHF1, S1PR5, FGFBP2 in NK cells compared to that in other cell types. CD247, PLEKHF1, EOMES, S1PR5, and FGFBP2 were reduced expressed in AS patients as compare to control group verified by scRNA-seq data, CD247, EOMES, FGFBP2, IL2RB and S1PR5 were reduced expressed verified by RT-PCR, and PLEKHF1, S1PR5, and FGFBP2 was upregulated after TNF-α blocker therapy. CONCLUSION The study revealed the potential role of NK cells and identified IL2RB, CD247, PLEKHF1, EOMES, S1PR5, and FGFBP2 as key genes associated with NK cells in the pathogenesis of AS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Scientific Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Lv
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanchun Ye
- School of Science, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jieruo Gu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong ProvincePeople’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|