451
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Tsvelikhovsky D, Blum J. Three Phase Microemulsion/Sol–Gel System for Aqueous C–C Coupling of Hydrophobic Substrates. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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452
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Kerton FM, Holloway S, Power A, Soper RG, Sheridan K, Lynam JM, Whitwood AC, Willans CE. Accelerated syntheses of amine-bis(phenol) ligands in polyethylene glycol or “on water” under microwave irradiation. CAN J CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1139/v08-043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pure amine-bis(phenol) ligands are readily accessible in high yield, often >90%, when the Mannich condensation reactions are performed “on water” or in poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG). Microwave-assisted synthesis dramatically reduces the time and energy required to prepare these molecules, typically from 24 h to 5 min. The approach seems to be widely applicable (7 amines and 5 phenols were tested to yield a diverse set of bis(phenol) ligands). Significant improvements in yield were observed for ligands derived from di-tert-amyl and di-tert-butyl phenols, possibly resulting from a hydrophobic effect. Single crystal X-ray diffraction data for the ligand derived from p-cresol and N,N′-dimethylethylenediamine is reported.Key words: amine-phenol, Mannich condensation, on water, microwave, ligand, high-throughput.
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453
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Niu F, Liu CC, Cui ZM, Zhai J, Jiang L, Song WG. Promotion of organic reactions by interfacial hydrogen bonds on hydroxyl group rich nano-solids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:2803-5. [PMID: 18688316 DOI: 10.1039/b801361f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Surface hydroxyl group rich nano-structured solids dramatically increase the rate of several organic reactions; such effect is attributed to the formation of interfacial hydrogen bonds between the surface hydroxyl groups and the reactants; this catalytic effect is versatile and applicable for a broad range of reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Niu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, PR China
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454
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Kobašlija M, Bogdan AR, Poe SL, Escobedo F, Mcquade DT. Creating microenvironments using encapsulated polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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455
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Gichinga MG, Striegler S. Effect of Water on the Catalytic Oxidation of Catechols. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:5150-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ja078057+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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456
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Shapiro N, Vigalok A. Highly Efficient Organic Reactions “on Water”, “in Water”, and Both. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:2849-52. [PMID: 18318031 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200705347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Shapiro
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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457
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Shapiro N, Vigalok A. Highly Efficient Organic Reactions “on Water”, “in Water”, and Both. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200705347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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458
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D'Elia V, Zwicknagl H, Reiser O. Short α/β-Peptides as Catalysts for Intra- and Intermolecular Aldol Reactions. J Org Chem 2008; 73:3262-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jo800168h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerio D'Elia
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hans Zwicknagl
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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459
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460
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Pan C, Wang Z. Catalytic asymmetric formation of carbon–carbon bond in the presence of water. Coord Chem Rev 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2007.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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461
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Wu X, Li X, Zanotti-Gerosa A, Pettman A, Liu J, Mills A, Xiao J. RhIII- and IrIII-Catalyzed Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones in Water. Chemistry 2008; 14:2209-22. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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462
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Siyutkin DE, Kucherenko AS, Struchkova MI, Zlotin SG. A novel (S)-proline-modified task-specific chiral ionic liquid—an amphiphilic recoverable catalyst for direct asymmetric aldol reactions in water. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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463
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma L Turner
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Rd, Edinburgh, UK
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464
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Tiwari S, Kumar A. Unusual temperature dependence of salt effects for “on water” Wittig reaction: hydrophobicity at the interface. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:4445-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b809127g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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465
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Lombardo M, Easwar S, De Marco A, Pasi F, Trombini C. A modular approach to catalyst hydrophobicity for an asymmetric aldol reaction in a biphasic aqueous environment. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:4224-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b812607k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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466
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Carril M, SanMartin R, Domínguez E. Palladium and copper-catalysed arylation reactions in the presence of water, with a focus on carbon–heteroatom bond formation. Chem Soc Rev 2008; 37:639-47. [DOI: 10.1039/b709565c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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467
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Huang J, Zhang X, Armstrong D. Highly Efficient Asymmetric Direct Stoichiometric Aldol Reactions on/in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:9073-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200703606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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468
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Huang J, Zhang X, Armstrong D. Highly Efficient Asymmetric Direct Stoichiometric Aldol Reactions on/in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200703606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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469
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470
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Sejwal P, Han Y, Shah A, Luk YY. Water-Driven Chemoselective Reaction of Squarate Derivatives with Amino Acids and Peptides. Org Lett 2007; 9:4897-900. [DOI: 10.1021/ol702275q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Sejwal
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244-4100
| | - Yongbin Han
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244-4100
| | - Akshay Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244-4100
| | - Yan-Yeung Luk
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244-4100
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471
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Barbero N, Carril M, SanMartin R, Domínguez E. Copper-catalysed intramolecular O-arylation of aryl chlorides and bromides: a straightforward approach to benzo[d]oxazoles in water. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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472
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Fleming FF, Gudipati S, Aitken JA. Alkenenitriles: Conjugate Additions of Alkyl Iodides with a Silica-Supported Zinc−Copper Matrix in Water. J Org Chem 2007; 72:6961-9. [PMID: 17685575 DOI: 10.1021/jo0711539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new silica-supported zinc-copper matrix reagent promotes the conjugate addition of alkyl iodides to cyclic and acyclic alkenenitriles in water. X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy techniques suggest that the active copper species generated from elemental zinc and copper(I) iodide is finely dispersed, zerovalent copper. Alkyl iodides react with the silica-supported reagent to generate putative radicaloid intermediates that efficiently add to alkenenitriles to provide beta-substituted nitriles. Conjugate additions to acyclic and cyclic 5-7-membered alkenenitriles are most effective for primary alkyliodides, although secondary and tertiary alkyliodides are viable reaction partners. The strategy addresses the challenge of performing conjugate additions to disubstituted alkenenitriles and demonstrates the beneficial role of the silica-supported reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser F Fleming
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282-1530, USA.
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