451
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Beebe-Dimmer JL, Yee C, Paskett E, Schwartz AG, Lane D, Palmer NRA, Bock CH, Nassir R, Simon MS. Family history of prostate and colorectal cancer and risk of colorectal cancer in the Women's health initiative. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:848. [PMID: 29237415 PMCID: PMC5729427 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3873-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence suggests that risk of colorectal and prostate cancer is increased among those with a family history of the same disease, particularly among first-degree relatives. However, the aggregation of colorectal and prostate cancer within families has not been well investigated. Methods Analyses were conducted among participants of the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) observational cohort, free of cancer at the baseline examination. Subjects were followed for colorectal cancer through August 31st, 2009. A Cox-proportional hazards regression modeling approach was used to estimate risk of colorectal cancer associated with a family history of prostate cancer, colorectal cancer and both cancers among first-degree relatives of all participants and stratified by race (African American vs. White). Results Of 75,999 eligible participants, there were 1122 colorectal cancer cases diagnosed over the study period. A family history of prostate cancer alone was not associated with an increase in colorectal cancer risk after adjustment for confounders (aHR =0.94; 95% CI =0.76, 1.15). Separate analysis examining the joint impact, a family history of both colorectal and prostate cancer was associated with an almost 50% increase in colorectal cancer risk (aHR = 1.48; 95% CI = 1.04, 2.10), but similar to those with a family history of colorectal cancer only (95% CI = 1.31; 95% CI = 1.11, 1.54). Conclusions Our findings suggest risk of colorectal cancer is increased similarly among women with colorectal cancer only and among those with both colorectal and prostate cancer diagnosed among first-degree family members. Future studies are needed to determine the relative contribution of genes and shared environment to the risk of both cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Beebe-Dimmer
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA. .,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA.
| | - Cecilia Yee
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA
| | - Electra Paskett
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ann G Schwartz
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA.,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA
| | - Dorothy Lane
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, USA
| | - Nynikka R A Palmer
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94110, USA
| | - Cathryn H Bock
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA.,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA
| | - Rami Nassir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Michael S Simon
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA.,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA
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452
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Kormi SMA, Ardehkhani S, Kerachian MA. New insights into colorectal cancer screening and early detection tests. COLORECTAL CANCER 2017. [DOI: 10.2217/crc-2017-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer in both men and women worldwide. Creating a diagnostic panel is necessary for early diagnosis which could lead to a better long-term survival in cancer patients. Colonoscopy every 10 years, starting at age 50, is the preferred CRC screening test. Many studies have been worked on potential diagnostic biomarkers of CRC. In this article, we described the recent evolutions in the development of CRC noninvasive screening assays. Recently, a multifunctional fecal DNA test has been available commercially in the USA. A few other US FDA-approved tests like Epi proColon® (Epigenomics AG, Berlin, Germany) are also available now. Although a new marker class for fecal occult blood test, a novel biomarker based on fecal bacteria in CRC patients and circulating tumor cells are under investigation, there is still a strong need to do more research for CRC screening strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Amin Kormi
- Cancer Genetics Research Unit, Reza Radiotherapy & Oncology Center, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Shima Ardehkhani
- Department of Applied Science & Technology, University of Payame Noor, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Kerachian
- Cancer Genetics Research Unit, Reza Radiotherapy & Oncology Center, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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454
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Maida M, Macaluso FS, Ianiro G, Mangiola F, Sinagra E, Hold G, Maida C, Cammarota G, Gasbarrini A, Scarpulla G. Screening of colorectal cancer: present and future. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2017; 17:1131-1146. [PMID: 29022408 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2017.1392243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in males and second in females, and the fourth most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Currently, about 60-70% of diagnosed cases in symptomatic patients are detected at an advanced stage of disease. Earlier stage detection through the use of screening strategies would allow for better outcomes in terms of reducing the disease burden. Areas covered: The aim of this paper is to review the current published evidence from literature which assesses the performance and effectiveness of different screening tests for the early detection of CRC. Expert commentary: Adequate screening strategies can reduce CRC incidence and mortality. In the last few decades, several tests have been proposed for CRC screening. To date, there is still insufficient evidence to identify which approach is definitively superior, and no screening strategy for CRC can therefore be defined as universally ideal. The best strategy would be the one that can be economically viable and to which the patient can adhere best to over time. The latest guidelines suggest colonoscopy every 10 years or annual fecal immuno-chemical test (FIT) for people with normal risk, while for individuals with high risk or hereditary syndromes specific recommendations are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Maida
- a Section of Gastroenterology , S.Elia - Raimondi Hospital , Caltanissetta , Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Ianiro
- c Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology & Liver Unit , Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Francesca Mangiola
- c Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology & Liver Unit , Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Emanuele Sinagra
- d Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit , Fondazione Istituto San Raffaele Giglio , Cefalù , Italy
| | - Georgina Hold
- e School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition , University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen , UK
| | - Carlo Maida
- f Section of Internal Medicine , DIBIMIS, University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- c Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology & Liver Unit , Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- c Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology & Liver Unit , Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Scarpulla
- a Section of Gastroenterology , S.Elia - Raimondi Hospital , Caltanissetta , Italy
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455
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Ashktorab H, Kupfer SS, Brim H, Carethers JM. Racial Disparity in Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk. Gastroenterology 2017; 153:910-923. [PMID: 28807841 PMCID: PMC5623134 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer from the gastrointestinal tract and its associated excretory organs will occur in more than 300,000 Americans in 2017, with colorectal cancer responsible for >40% of that burden; there will be more than 150,000 deaths from this group of cancers in the same time period. Disparities among subgroups related to the incidence and mortality of these cancers exist. The epidemiology and risk factors associated with each cancer bear out differences for racial groups in the United States. Esophageal adenocarcinoma is more frequent in non-Hispanic whites, whereas esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with risk factors of tobacco and alcohol is more frequent among blacks. Liver cancer has been most frequent among Asian/Pacific Islanders, chiefly due to hepatitis B vertical transmission, but other racial groups show increasing rates due to hepatitis C and emergence of cirrhosis from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastric cancer incidence remains highest among Asian/Pacific Islanders likely due to gene-environment interaction. In addition to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, cancers of the small bowel, pancreas, and colorectum show the highest rates among blacks, where the explanations for the disparity are not as obvious and are likely multifactorial, including socioeconomic and health care access, treatment, and prevention (vaccination and screening) differences, dietary and composition of the gut microbiome, as well as biologic and genetic influences. Cognizance of these disparities in gastrointestinal cancer risk, as well as approaches that apply precision medicine methods to populations with the increased risk, may reduce the observed disparities for digestive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Ashktorab
- Department of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia; Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Sonia S Kupfer
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hassan Brim
- Department of Pathology, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - John M Carethers
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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