451
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Maldonado M, Garcia-Moreno H, Calvo J. Melatonin protects mast cells against cytotoxicity mediated by chemical stimuli PMACI: Possible clinical use. J Neuroimmunol 2013; 262:62-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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452
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Liu X, Gong Y, Xiong K, Ye Y, Xiong Y, Zhuang Z, Luo Y, Jiang Q, He F. Melatonin mediates protective effects on inflammatory response induced by interleukin-1 beta in human mesenchymal stem cells. J Pineal Res 2013; 55:14-25. [PMID: 23488678 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Joint diseases like osteoarthritis usually are accompanied with inflammatory processes, in which pro-inflammatory cytokines mediate the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and compromise survival of subchondral osteoblasts. Melatonin is capable of manipulating bone formation and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The aim of this work was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of melatonin on MSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in the absence or presence of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), which was used to induce inflammation. Our data showed that melatonin improved cell viability and reduced ROS generation in MSCs in a dose-dependent manner. When exposed to 10 ng/mL IL-1β, various concentrations of melatonin resulted in significant reduction of ROS by 34.9% averagely. Luzindole as a melatonin receptor antagonist reversed the anti-oxidant effect of melatonin in MSCs with co-exposure to IL-1β. Real-time RT-PCR data suggested that melatonin treatment up-regulated the expression of CuZnSOD and MnSOD, while down-regulated the expression of Bax. To investigate the effect of melatonin on osteogenesis, MSCs were cultured in osteogenic differentiation medium supplemented with IL-1β, melatonin, or luzindole. After exposed to IL-1β for 21 days, 1 μm melatonin treatment significantly increased the levels of type I collagen, ALP, and osteocalcin, and 100 μm melatonin treatment yielded the highest level of osteopontin. Our study demonstrated that melatonin maintained MSC survival and promoted osteogenic differentiation in inflammatory environment induced by IL-1β, suggesting melatonin treatment could be a promising method for bone regenerative engineering in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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453
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de Rooij SE, van Munster BC. Melatonin Deficiency Hypothesis in Delirium: A Synthesis of Current Evidence. Rejuvenation Res 2013; 16:273-8. [DOI: 10.1089/rej.2012.1405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia E. de Rooij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics Section, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara C. van Munster
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics Section, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Geriatrics, Gelre Hospitals, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
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454
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Immune-pineal axis: nuclear factor κB (NF-kB) mediates the shift in the melatonin source from pinealocytes to immune competent cells. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:10979-97. [PMID: 23708099 PMCID: PMC3709713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140610979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pineal gland melatonin is the darkness hormone, while extra-pineal melatonin produced by the gonads, gut, retina, and immune competent cells acts as a paracrine or autocrine mediator. The well-known immunomodulatory effect of melatonin is observed either as an endocrine, a paracrine or an autocrine response. In mammals, nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) blocks noradrenaline-induced melatonin synthesis in pinealocytes, which induces melatonin synthesis in macrophages. In addition, melatonin reduces NF-κB activation in pinealocytes and immune competent cells. Therefore, pathogen- or danger-associated molecular patterns transiently switch the synthesis of melatonin from pinealocytes to immune competent cells, and as the response progresses melatonin inhibition of NF-κB activity leads these cells to a more quiescent state. The opposite effect of NF-κB in pinealocytes and immune competent cells is due to different NF-κB dimers recruited in each phase of the defense response. This coordinated shift of the source of melatonin driven by NF-κB is called the immune-pineal axis. Finally, we discuss how this concept might be relevant to a better understanding of pathological conditions with impaired melatonin rhythms and hope it opens new horizons for the research of side effects of melatonin-based therapies.
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455
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Arabaci T, Köse O, Kizildağ A, Albayrak M, Çiçek Y, Kara A. Role of nuclear factor kappa-B in phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth. Oral Dis 2013; 20:294-300. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Arabaci
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Atatürk University; Erzurum Turkey
| | - O Köse
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Atatürk University; Erzurum Turkey
| | - A Kizildağ
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Atatürk University; Erzurum Turkey
| | - M Albayrak
- Department of Pathology; Faculty of Medicine; Atatürk University; Erzurum Turkey
| | - Y Çiçek
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Atatürk University; Erzurum Turkey
| | - A Kara
- Department of Histology; Faculty of Veterinary; Atatürk University; Erzurum Turkey
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456
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Reiter RJ, Rosales-Corral SA, Manchester LC, Tan DX. Peripheral reproductive organ health and melatonin: ready for prime time. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:7231-72. [PMID: 23549263 PMCID: PMC3645684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14047231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin has a wide variety of beneficial actions at the level of the gonads and their adnexa. Some actions are mediated via its classic membrane melatonin receptors while others seem to be receptor-independent. This review summarizes many of the published reports which confirm that melatonin, which is produced in the ovary, aids in advancing follicular maturation and preserving the integrity of the ovum prior to and at the time of ovulation. Likewise, when ova are collected for in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer, treating them with melatonin improves implantation and pregnancy rates. Melatonin synthesis as well as its receptors have also been identified in the placenta. In this organ, melatonin seems to be of particular importance for the maintenance of the optimal turnover of cells in the villous trophoblast via its ability to regulate apoptosis. For male gametes, melatonin has also proven useful in protecting them from oxidative damage and preserving their viability. Incubation of ejaculated animal sperm improves their motility and prolongs their viability. For human sperm as well, melatonin is also a valuable agent for protecting them from free radical damage. In general, the direct actions of melatonin on the gonads and adnexa of mammals indicate it is an important agent for maintaining optimal reproductive physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; E-Mails: (S.A.R.-C.); (L.C.M.); (D.-X.T.)
| | - Sergio A. Rosales-Corral
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; E-Mails: (S.A.R.-C.); (L.C.M.); (D.-X.T.)
| | - Lucien C. Manchester
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; E-Mails: (S.A.R.-C.); (L.C.M.); (D.-X.T.)
| | - Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; E-Mails: (S.A.R.-C.); (L.C.M.); (D.-X.T.)
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457
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Chen YC, Sheen JM, Tiao MM, Tain YL, Huang LT. Roles of melatonin in fetal programming in compromised pregnancies. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:5380-401. [PMID: 23466884 PMCID: PMC3634509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14035380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Compromised pregnancies such as those associated with gestational diabetes mellitus, intrauterine growth retardation, preeclampsia, maternal undernutrition, and maternal stress may negatively affect fetal development. Such pregnancies may induce oxidative stress to the fetus and alter fetal development through the epigenetic process that may affect development at a later stage. Melatonin is an oxidant scavenger that reverses oxidative stress during the prenatal period. Moreover, the role of melatonin in epigenetic modifications in the field of developmental programming has been studied extensively. Here, we describe the physiological function of melatonin in pregnancy and discuss the roles of melatonin in fetal programming in compromised pregnancies, focusing on its involvement in redox and epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.C.); (J.-M.S.); (M.-M.T.); (Y.-L.T.)
| | - Jiunn-Ming Sheen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.C.); (J.-M.S.); (M.-M.T.); (Y.-L.T.)
| | - Miao-Meng Tiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.C.); (J.-M.S.); (M.-M.T.); (Y.-L.T.)
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.C.); (J.-M.S.); (M.-M.T.); (Y.-L.T.)
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tung Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.C.); (J.-M.S.); (M.-M.T.); (Y.-L.T.)
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkow 333, Taiwan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-975-056-169; Fax: +886-773-380-09
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458
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Lowes DA, Webster NR, Murphy MP, Galley HF. Antioxidants that protect mitochondria reduce interleukin-6 and oxidative stress, improve mitochondrial function, and reduce biochemical markers of organ dysfunction in a rat model of acute sepsis. Br J Anaesth 2013; 110:472-80. [PMID: 23381720 PMCID: PMC3570068 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aes577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis-induced organ failure is the major cause of death in critical care units, and is characterized by a massive dysregulated inflammatory response and oxidative stress. We investigated the effects of treatment with antioxidants that protect mitochondria (MitoQ, MitoE, or melatonin) in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus peptidoglycan (PepG)-induced acute sepsis, characterized by inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and early organ damage. Methods Anaesthetized and ventilated rats received an i.v. bolus of LPS and PepG followed by an i.v. infusion of MitoQ, MitoE, melatonin, or saline for 5 h. Organs and blood were then removed for determination of mitochondrial and organ function, oxidative stress, and key cytokines. Results MitoQ, MitoE, or melatonin had broadly similar protective effects with improved mitochondrial respiration (P<0.002), reduced oxidative stress (P<0.02), and decreased interleukin-6 levels (P=0.0001). Compared with control rats, antioxidant-treated rats had lower levels of biochemical markers of organ dysfunction, including plasma alanine amino-transferase activity (P=0.02) and creatinine concentrations (P<0.0001). Conclusions Antioxidants that act preferentially in mitochondria reduce mitochondrial damage and organ dysfunction and decrease inflammatory responses in a rat model of acute sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Lowes
- Academic Unit of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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459
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Benova T, Viczenczova C, Radosinska J, Bacova B, Knezl V, Dosenko V, Weismann P, Zeman M, Navarova J, Tribulova N. Melatonin attenuates hypertension-related proarrhythmic myocardial maladaptation of connexin-43 and propensity of the heart to lethal arrhythmias. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 91:633-9. [PMID: 23889002 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2012-0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that the pineal hormone melatonin, which exhibits cardioprotective effects, might affect myocardial expression of cell-to-cell electrical coupling protein connexin-43 (Cx43) and protein kinase C (PKC) signaling, and hence, the propensity of the heart to lethal ventricular fibrillation (VF). Spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar rats fed a standard rat chow received melatonin (40 μg/mL in drinking water during the night) for 5 weeks, and were compared with untreated rats. Melatonin significantly reduced blood pressure and normalized triglycerides in SHR, whereas it decreased body mass and adiposity in Wistar rats. Compared with healthy rats, the threshold to induce sustained VF was significantly lower in SHR (18.3 ± 2.6 compared with 29.2 ± 5 mA; p < 0.05) and increased in melatonin-treated SHR and Wistar rats to 33.0 ± 4 and 32.5 ± 4 mA. Melatonin attenuated abnormal myocardial Cx43 distribution in SHR, and upregulated Cx43 mRNA, total Cx43 protein, and its functional phosphorylated forms in SHR, and to a lesser extent, in Wistar rat hearts. Moreover, melatonin suppressed myocardial proapoptotic PKCδ expression and increased cardioprotective PKCε expression in both SHR and Wistar rats. Our findings indicate that melatonin protects against lethal arrhythmias at least in part via upregulation of myocardial Cx43 and modulation of PKC-related cardioprotective signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Benova
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 840 05 Bratislava, Dúbravská cesta 9, PO Box 104, Bratislava, Slovakia
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