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Detsi A, Kavetsou E, Kostopoulou I, Pitterou I, Pontillo ARN, Tzani A, Christodoulou P, Siliachli A, Zoumpoulakis P. Nanosystems for the Encapsulation of Natural Products: The Case of Chitosan Biopolymer as a Matrix. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E669. [PMID: 32708823 PMCID: PMC7407519 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a cationic natural polysaccharide, which has emerged as an increasingly interesting biomaterialover the past few years. It constitutes a novel perspective in drug delivery systems and nanocarriers' formulations due to its beneficial properties, including biocompatibility, biodegradability and low toxicity. The potentiality of chemical or enzymatic modifications of the biopolymer, as well as its complementary use with other polymers, further attract the scientific community, offering improved and combined properties in the final materials. As a result, chitosan has been extensively used as a matrix for the encapsulation of several valuable compounds. In this review article, the advantageous character of chitosan as a matrix for nanosystemsis presented, focusing on the encapsulation of natural products. A five-year literature review is attempted covering the use of chitosan and modified chitosan as matrices and coatings for the encapsulation of natural extracts, essential oils or pure naturally occurring bioactive compounds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Detsi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Polytechniou 9, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (I.K.); (I.P.); (A.R.N.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Eleni Kavetsou
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Polytechniou 9, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (I.K.); (I.P.); (A.R.N.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Ioanna Kostopoulou
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Polytechniou 9, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (I.K.); (I.P.); (A.R.N.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Ioanna Pitterou
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Polytechniou 9, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (I.K.); (I.P.); (A.R.N.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Antonella Rozaria Nefeli Pontillo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Polytechniou 9, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (I.K.); (I.P.); (A.R.N.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Andromachi Tzani
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Polytechniou 9, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (I.K.); (I.P.); (A.R.N.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Paris Christodoulou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vassileos Constantinou Ave. 48, 116 35 Athens, Greece; (P.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Aristeia Siliachli
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vassileos Constantinou Ave. 48, 116 35 Athens, Greece; (P.C.); (A.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vassileos Constantinou Ave. 48, 116 35 Athens, Greece; (P.C.); (A.S.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Universisty of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos Str., Egaleo, 12243 Athens, Greece
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452
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Zhang Z, Lyu X, Xu Q, Li C, Lu M, Gong T, Tang B, Wang L, Zeng W, Li Y. Utilization of the extract of Cedrus deodara (Roxb. ex D.Don) G. Don against the biofilm formation and the expression of virulence genes of cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 257:112856. [PMID: 32278760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cedrus deodara (Roxb. ex D.Don) G. Don is applied as anti-inflammatory and anti-infection agents in folklore medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to assess the antimicrobial activity of Cedrus deodara (Roxb. ex D.Don) G. Don extract (CDE) against Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation and its biocompatibility, as well as to identify its chemical components. MATERIALS AND METHODS Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), crystal violet staining, and CFU counting assay were applied to investigate the effect of CDE on S. mutans biofilm formation and extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) synthesis. The microstructure of S. mutans biofilms formed on glass coverslips and bovine enamel treated with CDE was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). qRT-PCR was used to measure the expression of virulence genes gtfB, gtfC, and gtfD, and zymogram assay was performed to investigate the enzymatic activity of Gtfs. Moreover, HPLC-MS and NMR were applied to identify its chemical components. CCK-8 assay was also performed on human oral cells to evaluate its biocompatibility. RESULTS Under the treatment of CDE, S. mutans formed less biofilm on both coverslips and enamel surfaces and synthesized less EPS. Moreover, CDE downregulated the expression of gtf genes and inhibited the enzymatic activity of Gtfs. According to HPLC-MS and NMR results, molecular structures of six main compounds in CDE were identified. CDE also has a good biocompatibility. CONCLUSIONS CDE exhibits inhibitory activity against S. mutans and a good biocompatibility. It has the potential to be developed as anti-caries agents for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, PR China.
| | - Xiaoying Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, PR China.
| | - Qianda Xu
- Department of Food Engineering, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China.
| | - Chenghui Li
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China.
| | - Miao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, PR China.
| | - Tao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, PR China.
| | - Boyu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, PR China.
| | - Liu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, PR China; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, PR China.
| | - Weicai Zeng
- Department of Food Engineering, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China.
| | - Yuqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, PR China.
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453
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Metabolomics: A Tool for Cultivar Phenotyping and Investigation of Grain Crops. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10060831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The quality of plants is often enhanced for diverse purposes such as improved resistance to environmental pressures, better taste, and higher yields. Considering the world’s dependence on plants (nutrition, medicine, or biofuel), developing new cultivars with superior characteristics is of great importance. As part of the ‘omics’ approaches, metabolomics has been employed to investigate the large number of metabolites present in plant systems under well-defined environmental conditions. Recent advances in the metabolomics field have greatly expanded our understanding of plant metabolism, largely driven by potential application to agricultural systems. The current review presents the workflow for plant metabolome analyses, current knowledge, and future directions of such research as determinants of cultivar phenotypes. Furthermore, the value of metabolome analyses in contemporary crop science is illustrated. Here, metabolomics has provided valuable information in research on grain crops and identified significant biomarkers under different conditions and/or stressors. Moreover, the value of metabolomics has been redefined from simple biomarker identification to a tool for discovering active drivers involved in biological processes. We illustrate and conclude that the rapid advances in metabolomics are driving an explosion of information that will advance modern breeding approaches for grain crops and address problems associated with crop productivity and sustainable agriculture.
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454
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Nyakudya TT, Tshabalala T, Dangarembizi R, Erlwanger KH, Ndhlala AR. The Potential Therapeutic Value of Medicinal Plants in the Management of Metabolic Disorders. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112669. [PMID: 32526850 PMCID: PMC7321241 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a prevalent, multifactorial and complex disease that is associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes and other major cardiovascular complications. The rise in the global prevalence of MetS has been attributed to genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. The adoption of sedentary lifestyles that are characterized by low physical activity and the consumption of high-energy diets contributes to MetS development. Current management criteria for MetS risk factors involve changes in lifestyle and the use of pharmacological agents that target specific biochemical pathways involved in the metabolism of nutrients. Pharmaceutical drugs are usually expensive and are associated with several undesirable side effects. Alternative management strategies of MetS risk factors involve the use of medicinal plants that are considered to have multiple therapeutic targets and are easily accessible. Medicinal plants contain several different biologically active compounds that provide health benefits. The impact of phytochemicals present in local medicinal plants on sustainable health and well-being of individuals has been studied for many years and found to involve a plethora of complex biochemical, metabolic, and physiological mechanisms. While some of these phytochemicals are the basis of mainstream prescribed drugs (e.g., metformin, reserpine, quinine, and salicin), there is a need to identify more medicinal plants that can be used for the management of components of MetS and to describe their possible mechanisms of action. In this review, we assess the potential health benefits of South African ethnomedicinal plants in protecting against the development of health outcomes associated with MetS. We aim to provide the state of the current knowledge on the use of medicinal plants and their therapeutically important phytochemicals by discussing the current trends, with critical examples from recent primary references of how medicinal plants are being used in South African rural and urban communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor T. Nyakudya
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
| | - Thulani Tshabalala
- Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Vegetable and Ornamental Plants, Private Bag X923, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Rachael Dangarembizi
- Department of Human Biology Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Physiological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
| | - Kennedy H. Erlwanger
- School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa;
| | - Ashwell R. Ndhlala
- Green Technologies Research Centre of Excellence, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +27-15-268-2190
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455
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Oh JH, Joo YH, Karadeniz F, Ko J, Kong CS. Syringaresinol Inhibits UVA-Induced MMP-1 Expression by Suppression of MAPK/AP-1 Signaling in HaCaT Keratinocytes and Human Dermal Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113981. [PMID: 32492931 PMCID: PMC7312901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation induces detrimental changes in human skin which result in photoaging. UV-induced intracellular changes cause degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM). UV-stimulated cleavage of collagen in ECM occurs via matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). (±)-syringaresinol (SYR), a phytochemical which belongs to the lignan group of polyphenols, was investigated for its ability to reverse the UVA-induced changes in human HaCaT keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) in vitro. Effect of SYR on UVA-induced changes was investigated by production and activation of MMPs and its transcriptional upstream effectors; mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and pro-inflammatory mediators. Levels of expression were determined using ELISA, RT-PCR and immunoblotting. UVA irradiation stimulated the production of MMP-1 and inhibited collagen production. SYR treatment suppressed MMP-1 and enhanced collagen production in UVA-irradiated HaCaT keratinocytes and HDFs. SYR repressed the UV-induced phosphorylation of p38, ERK and JNK MAPKs in HaCaT keratinocytes while only suppressing JNK phosphorylation in HDFs. In addition, SYR was able to inhibit UVA-induced production of inflammatory cytokines; TNF-α, COX-2, IL-1β and IL-6. Moreover, SYR suppressed the activator protein-1 (AP-1), a heterodimer of phosphorylated transcription factors c-Jun and c-Fos. SYR-treatment decreased nuclear levels of activated c-Fos and c-Jun as a mechanism to inhibit UVA-induced transcriptional activities leading to MMP-1 production. In conclusion, current results demonstrated that SYR could inhibit UVA-induced upregulation of MMP-1 by suppressing MAPK/AP-1 signaling in HaCaT keratinocytes and HDFs. Therefore, SYR was suggested as a potential compound with antiphotoaging properties against UVA-induced skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hwan Oh
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea; (J.H.O.); (F.K.)
| | - Yung Hyup Joo
- AMOREPACIFIC Research and Development Center, Yongin 17074, Korea;
| | - Fatih Karadeniz
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea; (J.H.O.); (F.K.)
| | - Jaeyoung Ko
- AMOREPACIFIC Research and Development Center, Yongin 17074, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (C.-S.K.); Tel.: +82-31-280-5928 (J.K.); +82-51-999-5429 (C.-S.K.)
| | - Chang-Suk Kong
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea; (J.H.O.); (F.K.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (C.-S.K.); Tel.: +82-31-280-5928 (J.K.); +82-51-999-5429 (C.-S.K.)
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456
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Evaluation of Topical Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a Gel Formulation with Plantago Lanceolata, Achillea Millefolium, Aesculus Hippocastanum and Taxodium Distichum. Sci Pharm 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm88020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants hold a significant place as alternative treatments available for inflammatory diseases, with many phytoconstituents being frequently tested in vitro for their biological activities. In the current study, we investigated the in vivo anti-inflammatory properties of a novel active gel formulation, combining Achillea millefolium and Taxodium distichum essential oils with extracts of Aesculus hippocastanum seeds and Plantago lanceolata leaves. The toxicity of the obtained extracts and volatile oils was determined using the invertebrate model based on Daphnia magna. Anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated by the plethysmometric method on Wistar rats, expressed as the inhibition of the inflammatory oedema (%IIO), while the antinociceptive response was determined on NMRI mice, according to the tail-flick latency method. The tested gel’s efficacy was similar to the 5% diclofenac standard (maximal %IIO of 42.01% vs. 48.70%, respectively), with the anti-inflammatory effect being observed sooner than for diclofenac. Our active gel also produced a significant prolongation of tail-flick latencies at both 60 and 120 min, comparable to diclofenac. Consequently, we can imply that the active constituents present in vivo anti-inflammatory properties, and the prepared gel may be suited for use as an alternative treatment of topical inflammatory conditions.
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457
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Comparative study on the extraction of apigenin from parsley leaves (Petroselinum crispum L.) by ultrasonic and microwave methods. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01208-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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458
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Patricia VM, Syaputri FN, Tugon TDA, Mardhatillah A. Antioxidant Properties of Pyrus communis and Pyrus pyrifolia Peel Extracts. BORNEO JOURNAL OF PHARMACY 2020. [DOI: 10.33084/bjop.v3i2.1337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rise of global health awareness by embracing a healthy lifestyle and natural product consumption, the search for natural antioxidant sources has invited more research performed especially in fruits as a whole product or in its components, especially the ones that are usually discarded/not the mainly consumed component. Pyrus communis and Pyrus pyrifolia are two of the most popular species of pear fruits consumed in the world, and while there exist several studies about the antioxidant potential of its flesh, specific studies about the antioxidant properties of their peels are still lacking. To achieve an understanding of antioxidant properties of peel extract of P. communis and P. pyrifolia, several tests have been performed in controlled laboratory conditions to gauge phenolic and flavonoid contents through three different extraction measurements. This research has shown that peel extracts of both P. communis and P. pyrifolia contain natural antioxidants that are beneficial for health, with P. communis extracted with methanol having a higher concentration of antioxidant contents compared to P. pyrifolia.
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459
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Sharifi-Rad M, Epifano F, Fiorito S, Álvarez-Suarez JM. Phytochemical Analysis and Biological Investigation of Nepeta juncea Benth. Different Extracts. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9050646. [PMID: 32438667 PMCID: PMC7286030 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to screen the amount and the classes of secondary metabolites and to evaluate the antioxidant, cytotoxic, antifungal, and antibacterial activities of the methanolic, ethanolic, and water extracts of the roots, leaves, and flowers of Nepeta juncea Benth. The results show that the highest total phenol (69.54 ± 0.31 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g dry weight), total flavonoid (41.37 ± 0.17 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g dry weight), anthocyanin (6.52 ± 0.21 mg cyanidin/100 g dry weight), and tannin (47.36 ± 0.33 mg catechin/g dry weight) concentrations were recorded in the methanolic extract of the leaves of N. juncea. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis of the extracts showed that 1,8-cineole, 4aα-7α-7aα-nepetalactone, β-pinene, terpinen-4-ol, and α-terpineol were the major compounds, respectively. The best 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant, cytotoxic, antifungal, and antibacterial activities were observed for the methanolic extract of the leaves. For the two latter activities, the best activity was revealed on Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Candida albicans. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for the antimicrobial of the methanolic extract from the leaves were in the range of 25–100 µg/mL, whereas the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were in the range of 50–200 µg/mL. The results reported herein show that, for the first time in the literature, N. juncea is a remarkable source of antioxidant, antifungal, and antibacterial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Water and Soil, University of Zabol, Zabol 98613-35856, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.S.-R.); (J.M.Á.-S.); Tel.: +98-17322312294 (M.S.-R.); +593-2-398-1000 (ext. 7500) (J.M.Á.-S.)
| | - Francesco Epifano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università “Gabriele d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy; (F.E.); (S.F.)
| | - Serena Fiorito
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università “Gabriele d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy; (F.E.); (S.F.)
| | - José M. Álvarez-Suarez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Grupo de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada a Biomedicina (BIOMED). Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170125, Ecuador
- Correspondence: (M.S.-R.); (J.M.Á.-S.); Tel.: +98-17322312294 (M.S.-R.); +593-2-398-1000 (ext. 7500) (J.M.Á.-S.)
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460
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Rubab M, Chelliah R, Saravanakumar K, Barathikannan K, Wei S, Kim JR, Yoo D, Wang MH, Oh DH. Bioactive Potential of 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol and Benzofuran from Brassica oleracea L. var. capitate f, rubra (Red Cabbage) on Oxidative and Microbiological Stability of Beef Meat. Foods 2020; 9:E568. [PMID: 32375308 PMCID: PMC7278745 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the future, plant based phytochemicals will be considered as efficient replacement sources of chemical preservatives, to act as potential bio-preservatives. We investigated the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of red cabbage (RC) extracts using different solvents. Among all extracts, chloroform extract exhibited strong antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Hence, the phytochemical constitutions of the RC chloroform extract was examined by GC-MS analysis, and further, based on molecular docking analysis, revealed 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol and benzofuran as two major compounds found to be possessing higher degrees of interaction with DNA gyrase (4PLB; -8.63 Kcal.mol-1) and lipoprotein (LpxC-8.229 Kcal.mol-1), respectively, of the bacterial cell wall, which leads to higher antimicrobial efficacy. Further, it was confirmed with that the in vivo Caenorhabditis elegans model (but no cytotoxic effect) was exhibited in the MCF-7 cell line. Thus, we investigated the influence of this extract on the shelf life of meat under refrigeration storage. The physicochemical properties were observed periodically, and microbial analysis was conducted. The shelf life of the beef was enhanced (up to eight days) in terms of microbial and physiochemical properties, at 4 ± 2 °C when compared to control. We concluded that chloroform extract of RC has potential as a natural preservative in the meat processing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momna Rubab
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea; (M.R.); (R.C.); (K.B.); (J.-R.K.); (D.Y.)
| | - Ramachandran Chelliah
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea; (M.R.); (R.C.); (K.B.); (J.-R.K.); (D.Y.)
| | - Kandasamy Saravanakumar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea; (K.S.); (M.-H.W.)
| | - Kaliyan Barathikannan
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea; (M.R.); (R.C.); (K.B.); (J.-R.K.); (D.Y.)
| | - Shuai Wei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China;
| | - Jong-Rae Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea; (M.R.); (R.C.); (K.B.); (J.-R.K.); (D.Y.)
- Hanmi Natural Nutrition Co., LTD 44-20, Tongil-ro 1888 beon-gil, Munsan, Paju, Gyeonggi 10808, Korea
| | - Daesang Yoo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea; (M.R.); (R.C.); (K.B.); (J.-R.K.); (D.Y.)
- H-FOOD, 108-66, 390 gil, Jingun Oh Nam-Ro, Nam Yang, Ju-Shi, Gyung Gi-Do 12041, Korea
| | - Myeong-Hyeon Wang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea; (K.S.); (M.-H.W.)
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea; (M.R.); (R.C.); (K.B.); (J.-R.K.); (D.Y.)
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461
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Recovery of bioactive substances from rowanberry pomace by consecutive extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide and pressurized solvents. J IND ENG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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462
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Chong PZ, Ng HY, Tai JT, Lee SWH. Efficacy and Safety of Ginkgo biloba in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:513-534. [PMID: 32349519 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba and its extract have been suggested to have a neuroprotective role in patients with acute ischemic stroke. We aimed to examine the efficacy and safety of Ginkgo biloba use in patients with acute ischemic stroke. We searched seven databases for randomized controlled studies examining the use of Ginkgo biloba in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Relevant studies were retrieved, screened, and data were extracted independently by two reviewers. Random effects meta-analyses were performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety outcomes of Ginkgo biloba. We subsequently assessed the certainty of evidence using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation) methodology. We found 12 randomized controlled studies enrolling 1466 patients. Pooled results suggest that Ginkgo biloba use was associated with an improvement in neurological function among individuals with AIS with a reduction of 2.87 points on the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score (95% CI: -4.01--1.74, p<0.001). Ginkgo biloba use was also associated with an improvement in activities of daily living and functional outcome (Mean Difference: 9.52; 4.66-14.33, p<0.001). Subgroup analysis suggest that the impact was larger when using an injectable formulation of Ginkgo biloba compared to the oral formulation. There was no apparent impact of Ginkgo biloba use on all-cause mortality (Risk ratio (RR): 1.21; 0.29-5.09, p=0.80) or cerebrovascular bleeding (RR: 0.82; 0.43-1.57, p=0.55). There was limited evidence on to support the use of gingko biloba in terms of improving quality of life and other stroke events. As such, more studies are needed before it can be recommended for routine use in improving neurological and cognitive function in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phui Zee Chong
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Huey Ying Ng
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jing Tong Tai
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shaun Wen Huey Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia.,School of Pharmacy, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, Jalan Taylor's, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
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463
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Interaction of Ziziphus mucronata subsp. mucronata Methanol Extract and First-Line Antibiotics is Synergistic In Vitro through Production of Reactive Oxygen Species. J Trop Med 2020; 2020:4087394. [PMID: 32328113 PMCID: PMC7168707 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4087394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increased incidence of antibacterial resistance in microorganisms, combining natural products from plants with antibiotics may be considered interesting alternatives for synergy to attain multitarget effects. In this study, the antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of Ziziphus mucronata and its interactions with antibiotics against bacteria of clinical importance were investigated. While its phytochemicals and antioxidant activities were determined by free radical scavenging assays, the antibacterial activities of the extract and its interactions with the antibiotics were determined by macrobroth dilution and the checkerboard methods. From the results, total phenolic content was 29.67 ± 1.90 mg GAE/100 g, total flavonoid content was 8.72 ± 0.08 mg QE/100 g, and total proanthocyanidin content was 1.94 ± 0.00 mg CE/100 g of dry plant material. The inhibition concentration 50% (IC50) of DPPH, BHT, and ascorbic acid was equal to 0.04 ± 0.02 mg/ml, respectively. Those of the ABTS, BHT, and ascorbic acid were equal to 0.02 ± 0.02, 0.04 ± 0.03, and 0.04 ± 0.02 mg/ml, respectively. The checkerboard assay showed that combining the extract with different antibiotics resulted in synergistic (38.75%), indifferent (30%), additive (28.75%), and antagonistic (2.5%) interactions. The interactions between the extract and antibiotics resulting in enhanced antibacterial activities could have resulted from the antioxidant activities of the extract mopping up the ROS generated by the antibiotics or the ability of both extract and antibiotics simultaneously producing reactive oxygen species with deleterious effects resulting in synergistic antibacterial effects.
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464
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Al-Hilphy AR, Al-Temimi AB, Al Rubaiy HHM, Anand U, Delgado-Pando G, Lakhssassi N. Ultrasound applications in poultry meat processing: A systematic review. J Food Sci 2020; 85:1386-1396. [PMID: 32333397 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound (US) is classified as a nonthermal treatment and it is used in food processing at a frequency range between 20 kHz and 1 MHz. Cavitation bubbles occur when the US strength is high enough to generate rarefaction that exceeds the intermolecular attraction forces in the medium. Currently, US is widely used in meat industries to enhance procedures, such as meat tenderization, emulsification mass transfer, marination, freezing, homogenization, crystallization, drying, and microorganism inactivation. In addition, combining ultrasonic energy with a sanitizing agent has a synergistic effect on microbial reduction. When poultry meat is treated using US, the expected quality is often better than the traditional methods, such as sanitization and freezing. US can be considered as a novel green technology for tenderizing and decontamination of poultry meat since both Escherichia coli and Salmonella are sensible to US. US improves the physical and chemical properties of meat proteins and can lead to a decrease in the α-helix in intramuscular protease complex in addition to a reduction in the viscosity coefficients. Therefore, ultrasonic treatment can be applied to enhance the textural properties of chicken meat. US can also be used to improve the drying rate when used under vacuum, compared with other traditional techniques. This review focuses on the potential of US applications in the management of poultry industries as the demand for good quality meat proteins is increasing worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaad R Al-Hilphy
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | - Ammar B Al-Temimi
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | | | - Uttpal Anand
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering (MCE), Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, 211007, India
| | - Gonzalo Delgado-Pando
- Department of Food Quality and Sensory Science, Teagasc, Food Research Centre Ashtown, Dublin, 15, Ireland
| | - Naoufal Lakhssassi
- Department of Plant Soil and Agricultural Systems, Agriculture College, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, U.S.A
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465
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Pisani M, Quassinti L, Bramucci M, Galassi R, Maggi F, Rossi B, Damin A, Carloni P, Astolfi P. Nanostructured liquid crystalline particles as delivery vectors for isofuranodiene: Characterization and in-vitro anticancer activity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 192:111050. [PMID: 32344164 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Isofuranodiene is an oxygenated sesquiterpene containing a furan ring isolated from the essential oil of Smyrnium olusatrum L. (Apiaceae) owning notable anticancer activity. Despite its biological potential, the high lipophilicity along with a relatively low stability due to Cope rearrangement giving rise to a less active compound, make the perspective of its therapeutical use unlikely. On this basis, in the present work we evaluated bulk and dispersed non lamellar liquid crystalline phases as effective delivery vectors for isofuranodiene, and capable of preserving its structure and enhancing the biological activity. Small-angle X-ray scattering, dynamic light scattering, and UV resonance Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the nanosystems in an integrated experimental approach. Encapsulation of isofuranodiene in the lipid matrix resulted in a transition from a cubic Im3m to a reversed hexagonal phase because of the highly lipophilic character of the drug, as obtained in SAXS measurements, and in significant shifts in the components of the Raman spectrum of isofuranodiene. The anticancer activity of isofuranodiene-loaded lipidic nanoparticles was assessed on MDA-MB 231 cell line by MTT assay and was found to be higher than that of pristine isofuranodiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Pisani
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning - SIMAU, Marche Polythecnic University, Via Brecce Bianche 12, I- 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Luana Quassinti
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, I-62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | - Massimo Bramucci
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, I-62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | - Rossana Galassi
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via Sant'Agostino 1, I-62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, I-62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | - Barbara Rossi
- Elettra - Synchrotron Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 - Km 163.5, Basovizza, I-34149, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Damin
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Centre and INSTM Reference Centre University of Turin, Via G. Quarello 15, I-10135 Turin, Italy.
| | - Patricia Carloni
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences - D3A, Marche Polythecnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, I- 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Paola Astolfi
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning - SIMAU, Marche Polythecnic University, Via Brecce Bianche 12, I- 60131 Ancona, Italy.
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466
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Mondal M, Saha S, Hossain M, Al Foyjul I, Sarkar C, Hossain S, Khalipha ABR, Kundu SK. Phytochemical profiling and evaluation of bioactivities of methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of Marsdenia tenacissima leaves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10496475.2020.1748784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milon Mondal
- Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Sushmita Saha
- Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Monir Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail Bangladesh
| | - Islam Al Foyjul
- Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Chandan Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Solayman Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Abul Bashar Ripon Khalipha
- Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Dhaka Bangladesh
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467
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Gorlenko CL, Kiselev HY, Budanova EV, Zamyatnin AA, Ikryannikova LN. Plant Secondary Metabolites in the Battle of Drugs and Drug-Resistant Bacteria: New Heroes or Worse Clones of Antibiotics? Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9040170. [PMID: 32290036 PMCID: PMC7235868 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9040170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases that are caused by bacteria are an important cause of mortality and morbidity in all regions of the world. Bacterial drug resistance has grown in the last decades, but the rate of discovery of new antibiotics has steadily decreased. Therefore, the search for new effective antibacterial agents has become a top priority. The plant kingdom seems to be a deep well for searching for novel antimicrobial agents. This is due to the many attractive features of plants: they are readily available and cheap, extracts or compounds from plant sources often demonstrate high-level activity against pathogens, and they rarely have severe side effects. The huge variety of plant-derived compounds provides very diverse chemical structures that may supply both the novel mechanisms of antimicrobial action and provide us with new targets within the bacterial cell. In addition, the rapid development of modern biotechnologies opens up the way for obtaining bioactive compounds in environmentally friendly and low-toxic conditions. In this short review, we ask the question: do antibacterial agents derived from plants have a chance to become a panacea against infectious diseases in the "post-antibiotics era".
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrill L. Gorlenko
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (C.L.G.); (H.Y.K.); (E.V.B.)
| | - Herman Yu. Kiselev
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (C.L.G.); (H.Y.K.); (E.V.B.)
| | - Elena V. Budanova
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (C.L.G.); (H.Y.K.); (E.V.B.)
| | - Andrey A. Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (C.L.G.); (H.Y.K.); (E.V.B.)
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.A.Z.J.); (L.N.I.); Tel.: +7-495-622-98-43 (A.A.Z.J.); +7-910-472-01-49 (L.N.I.)
| | - Larisa N. Ikryannikova
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (C.L.G.); (H.Y.K.); (E.V.B.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.Z.J.); (L.N.I.); Tel.: +7-495-622-98-43 (A.A.Z.J.); +7-910-472-01-49 (L.N.I.)
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468
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Yılmaz FM, Görgüç A, Uygun Ö, Bircan C. Steviol glycosides and polyphenols extraction from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni leaves using maceration, microwave-, and ultrasound-assisted techniques. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2020.1743311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Mehmet Yılmaz
- Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Efeler, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Görgüç
- Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Efeler, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Özge Uygun
- Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Efeler, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Cavit Bircan
- Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Efeler, Aydın, Turkey
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469
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Effect of extraction methodologies and solvent selection upon cynaropicrin extraction from Cynara cardunculus leaves. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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470
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Malik H, Javaid S, Fawad Rasool M, Samad N, Rizwan Ahamad S, Alqahtani F, Imran I. Amelioration of Scopolamine-Induced Amnesic, Anxiolytic and Antidepressant Effects of Ficus Benghalensis in Behavioral Experimental Models. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2020; 56:E144. [PMID: 32210162 PMCID: PMC7143763 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56030144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Ficus benghalensis (FB) is a commonly found tree in Pakistan and its various parts have folkloric importance in managing neurological ailments. In the present study, methanolic extract of its bark has been tested on an experimental animal model to evaluate memory-enhancing, anxiolytic and antidepressant activities to validate the claimed therapeutic potential. Materials and Methods: Methanolic extract of freshly isolated bark was prepared and subjected to preliminary phytochemical studies and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis for the presence of phytocomponents. To evaluate its effect on spatial learning, passive-avoidance test-step through (PAT-ST), Y-maze and Morris water maze (MWM) tests were carried out. Open-field (OFT) and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests were employed to explore the anti-anxiety potential of FB while a forced swimming test (FST) was utilized to assess its anti-depressant prospective. FB doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg with positive and negative controls given to Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Results: phytochemical studies showed the presence of various phytoconstituents including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, phenolics and anthraquinones. The presence of synephrine, aspargine, glucose, fructose and fatty acids was revealed by GC-MS analysis. FB administration led to significant improved memory retention when evaluated through passive avoidance (p < 0.05), Y-maze (p < 0.05) and Morris water maze (p < 0.05) tests in a scopolamine model of amnesic rats. When tested by open field and elevated plus maze tests, FB demonstrated anxiety-resolving characteristics (p < 0.05) as animals dared to stay in open areas more than a control group. Mobility time was increased and immobility time was reduced (p < 0.05-0.01) in rats treated with FB, unveiling the anti-depressant importance of F. benghalensis. Conclusion: methanolic extract of F. benghalensis bark furnished scientific proof behind folkloric claims of the memory improving, anxiety-reducing and depression-resolving characteristics of the plant. These activities might be possible due to interaction of its phytoconstituents with serotonergic, glutamatergic, cholinergic and GABAergic systems in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humna Malik
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (H.M.); (S.J.)
| | - Sana Javaid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (H.M.); (S.J.)
- Department of Pharmacy, The Women University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Fawad Rasool
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;
| | - Noreen Samad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;
| | - Syed Rizwan Ahamad
- Central laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Faleh Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Imran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (H.M.); (S.J.)
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471
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Mohammadi M, Zambare V, Malek L, Gottardo C, Suntres Z, Christopher L. Lichenochemicals: extraction, purification, characterization, and application as potential anticancer agents. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:575-601. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1730325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Mohammadi
- Biorefining Research Institute, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vasudeo Zambare
- Biorefining Research Institute, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- School of Sciences, Sandip University, Nashik, India
| | - Ladislav Malek
- Biorefining Research Institute, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine Gottardo
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zacharias Suntres
- Biorefining Research Institute, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lew Christopher
- Biorefining Research Institute, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- Biorefinery World, LLC, Rapid City, SD, USA
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472
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Boeira CP, Piovesan N, Flores DCB, Soquetta MB, Lucas BN, Heck RT, Alves JDS, Campagnol PCB, Dos Santos D, Flores EMM, da Rosa CS, Terra NN. Phytochemical characterization and antimicrobial activity of Cymbopogon citratus extract for application as natural antioxidant in fresh sausage. Food Chem 2020; 319:126553. [PMID: 32197214 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The development of natural additives is considered an important research topic. In this work, the use of Cymbopogon citratus (CC) extract as a natural additive for chicken sausage refrigerated was investigated. The CC extract was characterized by electrospray ionization with high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-ToF-MS) and the identified compounds were directly related to the antioxidant activity demonstrated by CC in the fresh sausage. In total, 31 phytochemical compounds were identified, and 27 of these still were not described in the literature for CC. The antimicrobial activity showed that CC extract is a potential antibacterial agent. Besides, the results showed that CC extract reduced lipid oxidation compared to synthetic additive. The sensorial characteristics were maintained, demonstrating good acceptability by the consumer. The results confirmed that CC can keep the quality of chicken sausage refrigerated for up to 42 days of storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Pagnossim Boeira
- Department of Science and Technology in Food, Center of Rural Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima No. 1000, Building 42, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Natiéli Piovesan
- Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Norte, BR-405, 59900-000 Pau dos Ferros, RN, Brazil
| | - Déborah Cristina Barcelos Flores
- Department of Science and Technology in Food, Center of Rural Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima No. 1000, Building 42, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcela Bromberger Soquetta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technology Center, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima No. 1000, Building 9B, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Nichelle Lucas
- Department of Science and Technology in Food, Center of Rural Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima No. 1000, Building 42, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rosane Teresinha Heck
- Department of Science and Technology in Food, Center of Rural Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima No. 1000, Building 42, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jamila Dos Santos Alves
- Department of Science and Technology in Food, Center of Rural Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima No. 1000, Building 42, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cezar Bastianello Campagnol
- Department of Science and Technology in Food, Center of Rural Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima No. 1000, Building 42, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Dos Santos
- Department of Chemical, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima No. 1000, Building 21, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Erico Marlon Moraes Flores
- Department of Chemical, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima No. 1000, Building 21, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Claudia Severo da Rosa
- Department of Science and Technology in Food, Center of Rural Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima No. 1000, Building 42, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Nelcindo Nascimento Terra
- Department of Science and Technology in Food, Center of Rural Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima No. 1000, Building 42, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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473
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Chikezie PC, Ekeanyanwu RC, Chile-Agada AB. Phytocomponents from Anacardium occidentale, Psidium guajava, and Terminalia catappa altered membrane osmotic stability of sickle erythrocytes. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-019-0030-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The present study identified, quantified, and characterized the combinations of phytocomponents from fractionated leaf extracts of Anacardium occidentale, Psidium guajava, and Terminalia catappa that stabilized sickle erythrocyte membrane against osmotic stress, or otherwise, using standard chromatographic-spectrophotometric techniques, namely GC-MS, FT-IR, and UV-visible systems.
Results
The percentage hemolysis of the control sample, in 0.9 g/100 mL NaCl, was 35.08 ± 11.64%, whereas those of the samples containing 40 mg/100 mL, 60 mg/100 mL, and 80 mg/100 mL of ethylacetate extracts of T. catappa ranged between 31.82 ± 8.32 and 39.18 ± 6.94%. Ethylacetate extract of T. catappa contained comparative high quantities of hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, 9,11-octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester, (E, E)-, trans-13-octadecenoic acid methyl ester, and methyl stearate. FT-IR and UV-visible spectra showed that ethylacetate extract of T. catappa contained aromatic compounds as well as nitro-compounds, phenolics, and esters.
Conclusion
To mention but a few, the combinations of major phytocomponents that stabilized sickle erythrocyte membrane against osmotic stress were hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, 11-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, dibutyl phthalate, pentacosane, trans-13-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, whereas the minor phytocomponents include methyl tetradecanoate, methoxyacetic acid, 3-pentadecyl ester, methyl stearate, hexadecanoic acid, isoxazole, 4,5-dimethyl-.
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474
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Robust curcumin-mustard oil emulsions for pro to anti-oxidant modulation of graphene oxide. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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475
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Nandini KN, Palaksha MN, Mamatha BS, Lekhana AR. Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidants Activities of Ethanolic Extract from Gomphrena serrata Whole Plant. BORNEO JOURNAL OF PHARMACY 2020. [DOI: 10.33084/bjop.v3i1.1250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activities of the whole plant of Gomphrena serrata. Gomphrena serrata widely distributed in South America, North America, and India. These plant parts are used as traditional medicine for the treatment of several ailments. This study aims to assess the phytochemical and free radical scavenging of ethanolic extract of G. serrata present in the plant. The preliminary phytochemical study was performed by standard method. The whole plant of G. serrata proved the presence of bioactive constituents such as carbohydrates, alkaloids, steroids, glycosides, triterpenoids, protein and amino acids, saponins, as well as flavonoids. The in-vitro antioxidant study was performed on the ethanolic extract of shade-dried of the whole plant, which determined by hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) 100 �g/ml assay and was compared to ascorbic acid. The ethanolic extract of the whole plant of G. serrata shows the strong free radical scavenging activity. The present study was the proof for ethanol extract of G. serrata which have medicinally significant and bioactive compounds since these plant species are used as traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases.
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476
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El-Saber Batiha G, Magdy Beshbishy A, El-Mleeh A, M. Abdel-Daim M, Prasad Devkota H. Traditional Uses, Bioactive Chemical Constituents, and Pharmacological and Toxicological Activities of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Fabaceae). Biomolecules 2020; 10:E352. [PMID: 32106571 PMCID: PMC7175350 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional herbal remedies have been attracting attention as prospective alternative resources of therapy for diverse diseases across many nations. In recent decades, medicinal plants have been gaining wider acceptance due to the perception that these plants, as natural products, have fewer side effects and improved efficacy compared to their synthetic counterparts. Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Licorice) is a small perennial herb that has been traditionally used to treat many diseases, such as respiratory disorders, hyperdipsia, epilepsy, fever, sexual debility, paralysis, stomach ulcers, rheumatism, skin diseases, hemorrhagic diseases, and jaundice. Moreover, chemical analysis of the G. glabra extracts revealed the presence of several organic acids, liquirtin, rhamnoliquirilin, liquiritigenin, prenyllicoflavone A, glucoliquiritin apioside, 1-metho-xyphaseolin, shinpterocarpin, shinflavanone, licopyranocoumarin, glisoflavone, licoarylcoumarin, glycyrrhizin, isoangustone A, semilicoisoflavone B, licoriphenone, and 1-methoxyficifolinol, kanzonol R and several volatile components. Pharmacological activities of G. glabra have been evaluated against various microorganisms and parasites, including pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and Plasmodium falciparum, and completely eradicated P. yoelii parasites. Additionally, it shows antioxidant, antifungal, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities. The current review examined the phytochemical composition, pharmacological activities, pharmacokinetics, and toxic activities of G. glabra extracts as well as its phytoconstituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan;
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Amany Magdy Beshbishy
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan;
| | - Amany El-Mleeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Menofia Governorate 32511, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City 862-0973, Kumamoto, Japan;
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477
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Rathaur P, SR KJ. Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics of Phytochemicals in the Human Body. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 20:1085-1102. [DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666200103090757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background:Phytochemicals are obtained from various plants and used for the treatment of diseases as both traditional and modern medicines. Poor bioavailability of phytochemicals is a major concern in applying phytochemicals as a therapeutic agent. It is, therefore, necessary to understand the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of phytochemicals for its implication as a therapeutic agent.Methods:Articles on the metabolism of phytochemicals from the PubMed database. The articles were classified into the digestion, absorption, metabolism, excretion, toxicity, and bioavailability of phytochemicals and the effect of gut microbiota on the metabolism of phytochemicals.Results:The metabolism of each phytochemical is largely dependent on the individual's digestive ability, membrane transporters, metabolizing enzymes and gut microbiota. Further, the form of the phytochemical and genetic make-up of the individual greatly influences the metabolism of phytochemicals.Conclusion:The metabolism of phytochemicals is mostly depended on the form of phytochemicals and individualspecific variations in the metabolism of phytochemicals. Understanding the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of phytochemicals might help in applying plant-based medicines for the treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Rathaur
- Department of Life Science, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Kaid Johar SR
- Department of Zoology, Biomedical Technology and Human Genetics, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
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478
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Ahmad A, Khan TA, Mubeen S, Shahzadi I, Akram W, Saeed T, Bashir Z, Wang R, Alam M, Ahmed S, Hu D, Li G, Wu T. Metabolic and Proteomic Perspectives of Augmentation of Nutritional Contents and Plant Defense in Vigna unguiculata. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020224. [PMID: 32028654 PMCID: PMC7072685 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study enlists metabolites of Alstonia scholaris with bioactivities, and the most active compound, 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl) pyridine, was selected against Macrophomina phaseolina. Appraisal of the Alstonia metabolites identified the 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl) pyridine as a bioactive compound which elevated vitamins and nutritional contents of Vigna unguiculata up to ≥18%, and other physiological parameters up to 28.9%. The bioactive compound (0.1%) upregulated key defense genes, shifted defense metabolism from salicylic acid to jasmonic acid, and induced glucanase enzymes for improved defenses. The structural studies categorized four glucanase-isozymes under beta-glycanases falling in (Trans) glycosidases with TIM beta/alpha-barrel fold. The study determined key-protein factors (Q9SAJ4) for elevated nutritional contents, along with its structural and functional mechanisms, as well as interactions with other loci. The nicotine-docked Q9SAJ4 protein showed a 200% elevated activity and interacted with AT1G79550.2, AT1G12900.1, AT1G13440.1, AT3G04120.1, and AT3G26650.1 loci to ramp up the metabolic processes. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the physiological mechanism involved in the enrichment of the nutritional contents of V. unguiculata. Metabolic studies concluded that increased melibiose and glucose 6-phosphate contents, accompanied by reduced trehalose (-0.9-fold), with sugar drifts to downstream pyruvate biosynthesis and acetyl Co-A metabolism mainly triggered nutritional contents. Hydrogen bonding at residues G.357, G.380, and G.381 docked nicotine with Q9SAJ4 and transformed its bilobed structure for easy exposure toward substrate molecules. The current study augments the nutritional value of edible stuff and supports agriculture-based country economies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqeel Ahmad
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou 510640, China; (A.A.); (T.A.K.); (W.A.); (T.S.); (R.W.); (D.H.); (G.L.)
| | - Tanveer Alam Khan
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou 510640, China; (A.A.); (T.A.K.); (W.A.); (T.S.); (R.W.); (D.H.); (G.L.)
| | - Samavia Mubeen
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
| | - Iqra Shahzadi
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
| | - Waheed Akram
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou 510640, China; (A.A.); (T.A.K.); (W.A.); (T.S.); (R.W.); (D.H.); (G.L.)
| | - Taiba Saeed
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou 510640, China; (A.A.); (T.A.K.); (W.A.); (T.S.); (R.W.); (D.H.); (G.L.)
| | - Zoobia Bashir
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Department of Physics Nanjing University 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China;
| | - Rui Wang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou 510640, China; (A.A.); (T.A.K.); (W.A.); (T.S.); (R.W.); (D.H.); (G.L.)
| | - Mufid Alam
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Shakeel Ahmed
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia 5090000, Chile;
| | - Du Hu
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou 510640, China; (A.A.); (T.A.K.); (W.A.); (T.S.); (R.W.); (D.H.); (G.L.)
| | - Guihua Li
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou 510640, China; (A.A.); (T.A.K.); (W.A.); (T.S.); (R.W.); (D.H.); (G.L.)
| | - Tingquan Wu
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou 510640, China; (A.A.); (T.A.K.); (W.A.); (T.S.); (R.W.); (D.H.); (G.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-133-1618-8657
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479
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Vijayaraj R, Sri Kumaran N, Altaff K, Ramadevi S, Sherlin Rosita A. In Silico Pharmacokinetics and Molecular Docking of Novel Bioactive Compound (11-Methoxy-2-Methyltridecane-4-Ol) for Inhibiting Carbohydrates Hydrolyzing Enzyme. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/22311866.2020.1714478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Vijayaraj
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, AMET University, Chennai-603112, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N. Sri Kumaran
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, AMET University, Chennai-603112, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K. Altaff
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, AMET University, Chennai-603112, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. Ramadevi
- Department of Biotechnology, Bonsecours College for Women, Thanjavur-613006, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A. Sherlin Rosita
- Department of Bioinformatics, Bishop Heber College, Trichy-620 017, Tamil Nadu, India
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480
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Abubakar AR, Haque M. Preparation of Medicinal Plants: Basic Extraction and Fractionation Procedures for Experimental Purposes. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2020; 12:1-10. [PMID: 32801594 PMCID: PMC7398001 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_175_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Preparation of medicinal plants for experimental purposes is an initial step and key in achieving quality research outcome. It involves extraction and determination of quality and quantity of bioactive constituents before proceeding with the intended biological testing. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate various methods used in the preparation and screening of medicinal plants in our daily research. Although the extracts, bioactive fractions, or compounds obtained from medicinal plants are used for different purposes, the techniques involved in producing them are generally the same irrespective of the intended biological testing. The major stages included in acquiring quality bioactive molecule are the selection of an appropriate solvent, extraction methods, phytochemical screening procedures, fractionation methods, and identification techniques. The nitty-gritty of these methods and the exact road map followed solely depends on the research design. Solvents commonly used in extraction of medicinal plants are polar solvent (e.g., water, alcohols), intermediate polar (e.g., acetone, dichloromethane), and nonpolar (e.g., n-hexane, ether, chloroform). In general, extraction procedures include maceration, digestion, decoction, infusion, percolation, Soxhlet extraction, superficial extraction, ultrasound-assisted, and microwave-assisted extractions. Fractionation and purification of phytochemical substances are achieved through application of various chromatographic techniques such as paper chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography. Finally, compounds obtained are characterized using diverse identification techniques such as mass spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Subsequently, different methods described above can be grouped and discussed according to the intended biological testing to guide young researchers and make them more focused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullahi R Abubakar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Mainul Haque
- Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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481
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Lengkidworraphiphat P, Wongpoomchai R, Taya S, Jaturasitha S. Effect of genotypes on macronutrients and antioxidant capacity of chicken breast meat. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020; 33:1817-1823. [PMID: 32054163 PMCID: PMC7649080 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The increasing consumer awareness of food, which can provide health benefits and potentially aid disease prevention, has become the driving force of the functional food market. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chicken genotype on the macronutrient content, bioactive peptide content, and antioxidant capacity within different breast meat. METHODS In this experiment, three genotypes of chicken, Thai indigenous, black-boned, and broiler (control), were reared with commercial feed under the same conditions. Thirty chickens were slaughtered at typical market age and the breasts were separated from the carcass to determine macronutrient content using the AOAC method. The antioxidant capacities of the chicken breasts were evaluated by in vitro antioxidant assays and the protein pattern was investigated using gel electrophoresis. Carnosine and anserine, which have antioxidant properties in animal tissue, were determined using high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS The results showed that breast meat from Thai indigenous chickens had a greater macronutrient content and higher antioxidant capacity compared with the other genotypes (p<0.05). The protein pattern was similar between genotypes, however Thai indigenous chickens had the greatest myosin and actin content (p<0.05). In addition, carnosine and anserine values were greatest in the black-boned and Thai indigenous chickens compared with the broiler genotype (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Thai indigenous chicken breast meat may be classified as a functional food as it has good nutritional value and is rich in antioxidant peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rawiwan Wongpoomchai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.,Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sirinya Taya
- Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sanchai Jaturasitha
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.,Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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482
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Phytochemicals and Gastrointestinal Cancer: Cellular Mechanisms and Effects to Change Cancer Progression. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010105. [PMID: 31936288 PMCID: PMC7022462 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is a prevailing global health disease with a high incidence rate which varies by region. It is a huge economic burden on health care providers. GI cancer affects different organs in the body such as the gastric organs, colon, esophagus, intestine, and pancreas. Internal and external factors like smoking, obesity, urbanization, genetic mutations, and prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C viral infections could increase the risk of GI cancer. Phytochemicals are non-nutritive bioactive secondary compounds abundantly found in fruits, grains, and vegetables. Consumption of phytochemicals may protect against chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, and cancer. Multiple studies have assessed the chemoprotective effect of selected phytochemicals in GI cancer, offering support to their potential towards reducing the pathogenesis of the disease. The aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge addressing the anti-cancerous effects of selected dietary phytochemicals on GI cancer and their molecular activities on selected mechanisms, i.e., nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), detoxification enzymes, adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), wingless-related integration site/β-catenin (wingless-related integration site (Wnt) β-catenin, cell apoptosis, phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/ protein kinase B AKT/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). In this review phytochemicals were classified into four main categories: (i) carotenoids, including lutein, lycopene, and β-carotene; (ii) proanthocyanidins, including quercetin and ellagic acid; (iii) organosulfur compounds, including allicin, allyl propyl disulphide, asparagusic acid, and sulforaphane; and (iv) other phytochemicals including pectin, curcumins, p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid. Overall, phytochemicals improve cancer prognosis through the downregulation of β-catenin phosphorylation, therefore enhancing apoptosis, and upregulation of the AMPK pathway, which supports cellular homeostasis. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to provide a better understanding of the mechanism of cancer treatment using phytochemicals and possible side effects associated with this approach.
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483
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Chelerythrine Chloride Downregulates β-Catenin and Inhibits Stem Cell Properties of Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25010224. [PMID: 31935827 PMCID: PMC6983151 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites have been seen as alternatives to seeking new medicines for treating various diseases. Phytochemical scientists remain hopeful that compounds isolated from natural sources could help alleviate the leading problem in oncology—the lung malignancy that kills an estimated two million people annually. In the present study, we characterized a medicinal compound benzophenanthridine alkaloid, called chelerythrine chloride for its anti-tumorigenic activities. Cell viability assays confirmed its cytotoxicity and anti-proliferative activity in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell lines. Immunofluorescence staining of β-catenin revealed that there was a reduction of nuclear content as well as overall cellular content of β-catenin after treating NCI-H1703 with chelerythrine chloride. In functional characterizations, we observed favorable inhibitory activities of chelerythrine chloride in cancer stem cell (CSC) properties, which include soft agar colony-forming, migration, invasion, and spheroid forming abilities. Interesting observations in chelerythrine chloride treatment noted that its action abides to certain concentration-specific-targeting behavior in modulating β-catenin expression and apoptotic cell death. The downregulation of β-catenin implicates the downregulation of CSC transcription factors like SOX2 and MYC. In conclusion, chelerythrine chloride has the potential to mitigate cancer growth due to inhibitory actions toward the tumorigenic activity of CSC in lung cancer and it can be flexibly adjusted according to concentration to modulate specific targeting in different cell lines.
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484
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Thermal Analysis of Aliphatic Polyester Blends with Natural Antioxidants. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12010074. [PMID: 31906547 PMCID: PMC7023653 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to enhance thermal stability of aliphatic polyester blends via incorporation of selected natural antioxidants of plant origin. Thermal methods of analysis, including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TGA), are significant tools for estimating the stabilization effect of polyphenols in a polymer matrix. Thermal stability was determined by analyzing thermogravimetric curves. Polymers with selected antioxidants degraded more slowly with rising temperature in comparison to reference samples without additives. This property was also confirmed by results obtained from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), where the difference between the oxidation temperatures of pure material and polymer with natural stabilizers was observed. According to the results, the materials with selected antioxidants, including trans-chalcone, flavone and lignin have higher oxidation temperature than the pure ones, which confirms that chosen phytochemicals protect polymers from oxidation. Moreover, based on the colour change results or FT-IR spectra analysis, some of the selected antioxidants, including lignin and trans-chalcone, can be utilized as colorants or aging indicators. Taking into account the data obtained, naturally occurring antioxidants, including polyphenols, can be applied as versatile pro-ecological additives for biodegradable and bio-based aliphatic polyesters to obtain fully environmentally friendly materials dedicated for packaging industry.
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485
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Bhandari R, Tiwari S, Nepal S, Sigdel S, Bhattarai S, Rokaya R, Pandey J, Khadka R, Aryal P. Phytochemical screening, antibacterial-guided fractionation, and thin-layer chromatographic pattern of the extract obtained from Diploknema butyracea. Pharmacognosy Res 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pr.pr_27_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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486
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Nair A, Ganapathy G. Untargeted gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis and evaluation of antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Zingiber nimmonii (J. Graham) Dalzell rhizome extracts. Pharmacognosy Res 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pr.pr_19_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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487
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Analysis of alkaloids (indole alkaloids, isoquinoline alkaloids, tropane alkaloids). RECENT ADVANCES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS ANALYSIS 2020. [PMCID: PMC7153348 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816455-6.00015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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488
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Sumac (Rhus coriaria L) as Quorum Sensing Inhibitors in Staphylococcus aureus. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.4.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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489
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Moreno-Valdespino CA, Luna-Vital D, Camacho-Ruiz RM, Mojica L. Bioactive proteins and phytochemicals from legumes: Mechanisms of action preventing obesity and type-2 diabetes. Food Res Int 2019; 130:108905. [PMID: 32156360 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Fabaceae family of plants include a variety of seeds with multiple shapes, sizes, and colors; with a great diversity of bioactive compounds found in legume seeds. Legumes are an excellent source of protein, peptides and phytochemicals which are present in significant amounts. These bioactive compounds have been reported to reduce the risk of developing non-communicable diseases (NCD), such as obesity and type-2 diabetes. In this narrative review, we discuss the biological potential of bioactive compounds found in legumes and the health benefits associated with their consumption as an alternative approach in the management of NCD. Current extraction methods, characteristics of the bioactive compounds, and different in vitro and in vivo studies evaluating the bioactivity of legume bioactives are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia A Moreno-Valdespino
- Tecnología de Alimentos, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C, 44270 Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Diego Luna-Vital
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, United States
| | - Rosa M Camacho-Ruiz
- Biotecnología Industrial, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C, 44270 Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Luis Mojica
- Tecnología de Alimentos, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C, 44270 Guadalajara, Mexico.
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490
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Yarmolinsky L, Budovsky A, Yarmolinsky L, Khalfin B, Glukhman V, Ben-Shabat S. Effect of Bioactive Phytochemicals from Phlomis viscosa Poiret on Wound Healing. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E609. [PMID: 31888128 PMCID: PMC6963389 DOI: 10.3390/plants8120609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phlomis viscosa Poiret is an evergreen shrub growing in Israel, Turkey, Lebanon, and Syria with acknowledged pro-wound healing (WH) properties. In this study, we evaluated the pro-WH potential of selected compounds found in this plant. Among the pro-WH compounds (identified by us) was a combination of three chemicals-diosmin, 1-octen-3-ol, and himachala-2,4-diene which enhanced WH significantly both in in vitro and in vivo models. The determined phytochemicals combination could be used for the treatment of chronic wounds. The effect of the extracts, diosmin, 1-octen-3-ol on the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 (A) and IL-8 (B) by human dermal fibroblasts was significant (p < 0.001). In addition, the beneficial effect of extracts of P. viscosa and its phytochemicals on WH was evidenced by inhibiting the growth of several WH delaying microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arie Budovsky
- Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon 7830604, Israel;
| | | | - Boris Khalfin
- Eastern R&D Center, Kiryat Arba 9010000, Israel; (L.Y.); (B.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | | | - Shimon Ben-Shabat
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
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491
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Baicalein-Enriched Fraction Extracted from Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. ex Kurz Leaves Exerts Antioxidant and Inhibitory Effects Against Glioblastoma Multiforme. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7120963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant subtype of primary brain cancer. To date, standard clinical treatment for GBM is limited in effectiveness and could impose additional side effects. Recently, numerous bioactive compounds isolated from natural plants appear to have beneficial anti-cancer properties. Here, the GBM inhibitory effect of baicalein, a bioactive flavonoid extracted from Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. ex Kurz, was evaluated. Firstly, three solvents were used to extract the baicalein. We found that the binary extraction system, using a combination of petroleum ether and methanol (PM), yielded the highest amount of baicalein (15%) compared to the mono extraction system using methanol (13%) or aqueous (0.04%) only. In order to further enhance the baicalein yield in PM crude extract, it was subjected to an enrichment fractionation procedure, which successfully increased the baicalein by nearly two-fold from the initial crude extract (15%) to the enriched fraction 5 (F5) (29%). The enriched F5 not only showed significantly higher (~2.5-fold) antioxidant properties as compared to the crude extract, it was also found to significantly suppress GBM cell proliferation ~2.5-fold better than the crude extract. In conclusion, this study successfully optimized an extraction procedure for increased yield of baicalein metabolite from O. indicum leaves and enhanced its therapeutic potential for GBM treatment.
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492
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Comparison of in vitro antioxidative activities of crude methanolic extracts of three species of Passiflora from greenhouse using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods. HERBA POLONICA 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/hepo-2019-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Introduction:. It is well documented that many species from Passifloraceae family can provide edible and nutritious fruits while the leaves of cultivated plants are renewable and waste material. This biomass may be further used in various sectors, especially as a bioactive food additive and as source of innovative pharmaceuticals, cosmetics or feed additives. The biomaterials and green chemistry are new sectors bioeconomy according to the high-level horizontal strategies and bio-based industries in Europe. In recent years, attention has been paid to the biological activity and phytochemical profiles of extracts from different species of Passiflora. However, there is little comparative studies using the same procedures and techniques in the same laboratory conditions for study of plant material obtained from the similar greenhouse conditions.
Objective: This study was focused on the examination of antioxidative activities of low concentrations of crude extracts from leaves of Passiflora incarnata L., Passiflora caerulea L., and Passiflora alata Curtis.
Methods: The activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. Results of study were supported by estimation of chemical composition with secondary metabolites profiling in extracts which were carried out previously for the same extracts from three Passiflora species. One-way ANOVA analysis revealed significant differences in the antioxidant activity of various concentrations of the extracts using the DPPH and ABTS radical models, and FRAP method.
Results: Measurement of antioxidant capacity (expressed as trolox equivalent, TE) showed that the most active was extract of P. caerulea > P. alata > P. incarnata. Phytochemical analysis for extracts of P. caerulea and P. incarnata showed greater similarities in metabolites content than P. alata. However, comparative statistical analysis of antioxidant activity showed that despite this phytochemical similarities, extract from P. alata leaves had higher activities than extract from leaves P. incarnata. Antioxidant effect of extract from P. alata can be explain by terpenoids presented in this extract. In this work, there have been discussed activities against Acanthamoeba castellanii strain, antibacterial and antifungal activities against selected clinical microorganisms (Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans, Micro-sporum gypseum), and anti-leukemic activities tested in human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines for this extracts, which have been described in previous authors’ publications.
Conclusion: Our current and previous studies showed that the same crude extracts from leaves of P. alata, P. caerulea, P. incarnata exerted not only antioxidant potential in vitro but also few interesting properties such as antibacterial, antifungal, amoebostatic, amoebicidal activities, which indicate the possibility of using these extracts in both a healthy diet and natural cosmetics. Leaves of this species may become an interesting source of biomaterials which can exert health-promoting effects.
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493
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Chahal AK, Chandan G, Kumar R, Chhillar AK, Saini AK, Saini RV. Bioactive constituents of Emblica officinalis overcome oxidative stress in mammalian cells by inhibiting hyperoxidation of peroxiredoxins. J Food Biochem 2019; 44:e13115. [PMID: 31821595 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Emblica officinalis (Amla) is a renowned fruit having nutritional and medicinal traits mostly linked to its antioxidants content. In the current study, the methanolic crude extract of amla fruit is subjected to sequential fractionation to get its partially purified fractions. The ethyl acetate (EA) and butanol (BUT) fractions of amla showed maximum antioxidant potential. The ferric reducing capability and nitric oxide scavenging activity were highest in EA fraction. One of the highlights of the study is the cellular antioxidant assay conducted in HeLa cells. Additionally, HeLa cells pre-treated with EA and BUT fractions were able to combat oxidative stress via total reduction in hyperoxidation of intracellular peroxiredoxin enzyme. Gallic acid, ascorbic acid, ellagic acid, rutin, quercetin, and catechol are the major compounds present in these fractions as identified by LC-ESI-MS followed by their quantification by HPLC. These findings indicate that components of E. officinalis can protect intracellular oxidative stress-mediated degeneration. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The study highlighted that E. officinalis is a promising source of phenolics and flavonoids acting as natural antioxidants, which showed varied potential to scavenge ROS. Also, the plant fractions were able to fight intracellular oxidative stress via total reduction in hyperoxidation of the human peroxiredoxin. In conclusion, we can say that the regular intake of such food supplements that affect important antioxidant enzymes can be of special interest in the management of oxidative stress-mediated human ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anterpreet K Chahal
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, India
| | - Gourav Chandan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, India
| | | | - Adesh K Saini
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, India
| | - Reena V Saini
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, India
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494
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Mworia JK, Kibiti CM, Ngugi MP, Ngeranwa JN. Antipyretic potential of dichloromethane leaf extract of Eucalyptus globulus (Labill) and Senna didymobotrya (Fresenius) in rats models. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02924. [PMID: 31853510 PMCID: PMC6911989 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fever is managed using synthetic drugs such as aspirin, paracetamol among others. Synthetic drugs are associated with many side effects. Herbal medicines form alternative therapy since they possess fewer side effects and are readily available. This study aimed to determine antipyretic potential of DCM extracts of E. globulus and S. didymobotrya in Swiss albino rats. Materials and methods The plant leaves samples were obtained from Embu County, Kenya. Dichloromethane solvent was used to extract bioactive constituents from the plant samples. Three grams of DCM leaf extracts of Eucalyptus globulus (Labill) and Senna didymobotrya (Fresenius) samples were obtained and analyzed to determine quantitative phytochemical composition at ICIPE laboratory using GC-MS. Albino rats were used in the antipyretic activity study. Nine groups of five experimental animals were used in each test: Positive control, normal control, negative control and experimental (25, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg/kg body weight extracts) groups. Pyrexia was induced by injection of turpentine in albino rats intraperitoneally. One hour later, the pyretic animals received the leaf extracts at various dose levels, reference drug (aspirin100 mg/kg body) or the vehicle (DMSO). Results Results of antipyretic in vivo bioscreening revealed that E. globulus and S. didymobotrya possess potent antipyretic activity which was comparable to that of the reference drug aspirin. Both extracts exhibited highest antipyretic activity at a dose of 250 mg/kg bw. Results of the GC-MS revealed that these plants possess bio-compounds such as Terpinolene, Alpha-pinene, Borneol, Globulol and Terpineols that are associated with antipyretic activity. Conclusions In conclusion, this study revealed that these plants are endowed with bioactive compounds such as terpenoids, and flavonoids that possess antipyretic activity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kiambi Mworia
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, P. O Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Cromwell Mwiti Kibiti
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, Technical University of Mombasa, P.O Box 90420-80100, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Mathew Piero Ngugi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, P. O Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joseph Ngari Ngeranwa
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, P. O Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
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495
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Samec M, Liskova A, Koklesova L, Mestanova V, Franekova M, Kassayova M, Bojkova B, Uramova S, Zubor P, Janikova K, Danko J, Samuel SM, Büsselberg D, Kubatka P. Fluctuations of Histone Chemical Modifications in Breast, Prostate, and Colorectal Cancer: An Implication of Phytochemicals as Defenders of Chromatin Equilibrium. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E829. [PMID: 31817446 PMCID: PMC6995638 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural substances of plant origin exert health beneficiary efficacy due to the content of various phytochemicals. Significant anticancer abilities of natural compounds are mediated via various processes such as regulation of a cell's epigenome. The potential antineoplastic activity of plant natural substances mediated by their action on posttranslational histone modifications (PHMs) is currently a highly evaluated area of cancer research. PHMs play an important role in maintaining chromatin structure and regulating gene expression. Aberrations in PHMs are directly linked to the process of carcinogenesis in cancer such as breast (BC), prostate (PC), and colorectal (CRC) cancer, common malignant diseases in terms of incidence and mortality among both men and women. This review summarizes the effects of plant phytochemicals (isolated or mixtures) on cancer-associated PHMs (mainly modulation of acetylation and methylation) resulting in alterations of chromatin structure that are related to the regulation of transcription activity of specific oncogenes, which are crucial in the development of BC, PC, and CRC. Significant effectiveness of natural compounds in the modulation of aberrant PHMs were confirmed by a number of in vitro or in vivo studies in preclinical cancer research. However, evidence concerning PHMs-modulating abilities of plant-based natural substances in clinical trials is insufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Samec
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (M.S.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (J.D.)
| | - Alena Liskova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (M.S.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (J.D.)
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (M.S.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (J.D.)
| | - Veronika Mestanova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Maria Franekova
- Department of Medical Biology and Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Monika Kassayova
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.K.); (B.B.)
| | - Bianka Bojkova
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.K.); (B.B.)
| | - Sona Uramova
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Pavol Zubor
- OBGY Health & Care, Ltd., 01026 Zilina, Slovakia;
| | - Katarina Janikova
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jan Danko
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (M.S.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (J.D.)
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar;
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar;
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology and Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
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496
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Su P, Veeraraghavan VP, Krishna Mohan S, Lu W. A ginger derivative, zingerone-a phenolic compound-induces ROS-mediated apoptosis in colon cancer cells (HCT-116). J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 33:e22403. [PMID: 31714660 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Zingerone (ZO), an active phenolic agent derived from Zingiber officinale (Ginger), has many pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, antiangiogenic, and antitumor. However, its potential value in cancer and the mechanism by which ZO wields its therapeutic effects remain obscure. Therefore, in this current study, we explored the effects of ZO on suppressing cell proliferation and enhancing apoptosis in colon cancer cells (HCT116). Our results indicated that ZO significantly enhances the production of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance [TBARS]), and loss of cell viability; and reduces mitochondrial membrane potential and antioxidant levels (SOD, CAT, and GSH) in ZO-treated HCT116 cells in a dose-dependent (2.5, 5, and 10 µM) manner. Furthermore, ZO induces oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis as evidenced by apoptotic morphological changes predicted by AO/EtBr, Hoechst staining and further confirmed by comet assay. Moreover, immunoblotting techniques showed that ZO treatment effectively enhances Bax, caspase-9, and caspase-3 expressions and decreases the expression of Bcl-2 in colon cancer cells. Together, our results evidenced that the antitumor effects of ZO reduce cell proliferation and stimulate apoptosis through modulating pro- and antiapoptotic molecular events in HCT116 colon cancer cells. Therefore, based on our findings, ZO may be used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Su
- Department of Anorectal, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Surapaneni Krishna Mohan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Applied Medical Sciences-Jubail (CAMSJ), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Al Jubail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)
| | - Wang Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University of People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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497
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Antioxidant activity guided isolation of a coumarin compound from Ipomoea pes-caprea (Convolvulaceae) leaves acetone extract and its biological and molecular docking studies. Eur J Integr Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2019.100984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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498
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Mahomoodally MF, Zengin G, Aladag MO, Ozparlak H, Diuzheva A, Jekő J, Cziáky Z, Aumeeruddy MZ. HPLC-MS/MS chemical characterization and biological properties of Origanum onites extracts: a recent insight. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2019; 29:607-621. [PMID: 30569760 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2018.1558184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated into the phytochemical profile and biological properties of extracts (methanol and aqueous) of Origanum onites based on the antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, and antibacterial activities. The aqueous extract exhibited higher antioxidant activities in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity, phosphomolybdenum, and metal chelating assays, compared to the methanol extract. In contrast, the methanol extract was the most effective inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase. The methanol extract also showed higher antibacterial activity with highest inhibition against Escherichia coli (MIC = 6.25 mg/mL). The total phenolic content was higher in the aqueous extract while the methanol extract possessed higher total flavonoid content. A total of 28 and 18 compounds (belonging to polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, and ester classes) were identified from the methanol and water extracts, respectively. These findings suggest that O. onites could be helpful in the management of oxidative stress-associated diseases including diabetes and neurodegenerative complications. Abbreviations: ABTS: 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid; ACAE: acarbose equivalent; AChE: acetylcholinesterase; AD: Alzheimer's disease; BChE: butyrylcholinesterase; CUPRAC: cupric reducing antioxidant capacity; DPPH: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; EDTAE: EDTA equivalent; FRAP: ferric reducing antioxidant power; GAE: gallic acid equivalent; GALAE: galatamine equivalent; HPLC: high performance liquid chromatography; KAE: kojic acid equivalent; RE: rutin equivalents; TE: trolox equivalent; TPC: total phenolic content; TFC: total flavonoid content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University , Konya , Turkey
| | - Mustafa Onur Aladag
- Department of Medicinal Laboratory, Vocational School of Health Services, Selcuk University , Konya , Turkey
| | - Haluk Ozparlak
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University , Konya , Turkey
| | - Alina Diuzheva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice , Košice , Slovakia
| | - József Jekő
- Agricultural and Molecular Research and Service Institute, University of Nyíregyháza , Nyíregyháza , Hungary
| | - Zoltán Cziáky
- Agricultural and Molecular Research and Service Institute, University of Nyíregyháza , Nyíregyháza , Hungary
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499
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Total Hyptolide of Indonesian Hyptis pectinata extracts in a various solvent using HPLC and UV-Vis spectroscopy and their toxicities. JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI 2019. [DOI: 10.14710/jksa.22.6.305-309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioactive compound of hyptolide has been isolated from an Indonesian plant Hyptis pectinata using various solvents. The pure compound was then used as a standard in quantitative analysis using HPLC and UV-Vis spectroscopy in ethanol (EEth), ethyl acetate (EEa), acetone (Eac) and hexane (Ehex) extract each earned 3.14%, 0.01%, 1.33% and 0.04% (dry weight per sample). The standard curve of hyptolide using UV spectroscopy has been obtained with the coefficient of relationship (r) of 0.997. However, the use of spectroscopy was not recommended for the standardization of hyptolide in the extract due to interference from other compounds that absorb the same wavelength. Furthermore, the toxicity test using the Brine Shrimp lethality test shows LC50 value of 92-181 ppm, which was in EEa compared to EEth, Eac, and Ehex.
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500
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Evaluation of the hematoprotective and hepato-renal protective effects of Thymus vulgaris aqueous extract on thermally oxidized oil-induced hematotoxicity and hepato-renal toxicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-019-03078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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