501
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Sims AH, Finnon P, Miller CJ, Bouffler SD, Howell A, Scott D, Clarke RB. TPD52 and NFKB1 gene expression levels correlate with G2 chromosomal radiosensitivity in lymphocytes of women with and at risk of hereditary breast cancer. Int J Radiat Biol 2007; 83:409-20. [PMID: 17487680 DOI: 10.1080/09553000701317366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate a transcriptomic approach to identify healthy women at increased risk of breast cancer due to G2-radiosensitivity and look at transcripts that are differentially expressed between individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS We perform the first study to assess the association of G2 radiosensitivity with basal gene expression in cultured T-lymphocytes from 11 women with breast cancer and 12 healthy female relatives using Affymetrix GeneChips. RESULTS Transcripts associated with radiosensitivity and breast cancer risk were predominantly involved in innate immunity and inflammation, such as interleukins and chemokines. Genes differentially expressed in radiosensitive individuals were more similarly expressed in close family members than in un-related individuals, suggesting heritability of the trait. The expression of tumour protein D52 (TPD52), a gene implicated in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and vesicle trafficking was the most strongly correlated with G2 score while nuclear factor (kappa)-B (NFKB1) was highly inversely correlated with G2 score. NFKB1 is known to be activated by irradiation and its inhibition has been previously shown to increase radiosensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Gene expression analysis of lymphocytes may provide a quantitative measure of radiation response potential and is a promising marker of breast cancer susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Sims
- Breast Biology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, UK.
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502
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Abstract
Genomic regulatory networks specify how cellular gene expression responds to external temporal and spatial stimuli, ensuring that correct cell fate decisions are made and the appropriate cell phenotypes are adopted. In mammary epithelial cells, the hierarchy of stem and progenitor cells and the genetically specified program of transcriptional activity are beginning to be elucidated and integrated. A novel role for Gata-3 in specifying and maintaining mammary cell fate has recently been identified. These reports offer an understanding of how mammary cells assume and maintain a variety of cell behaviours and functions, and how a mammary cell may potentially subvert these constraints during carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Naylor
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 Australia
| | - Christopher J Ormandy
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 Australia
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503
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Abstract
Gene expression profiling studies have classified breast cancer into five intrinsic subtypes with distinct prognostic significance: luminal type A, luminal type B, normal-like, HER-2-positive and basal type. These studies have also uncovered novel diagnostic markers and molecular targets. FOXA1, a winged-helix transcription factor belonging to the forkhead family, is one among them as it is expressed predominantly in luminal type A breast cancer, which is characterized by the presence of estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) with favorable prognosis. FOXA1 is a 'pioneer' factor that binds to chromatinized DNA, opens the chromatin and enhances binding of ERalpha to its target genes. It is essential for the expression of approximately 50% of ERalpha:estrogen-regulated genes. Thus, a network comprising FOXA1, ERalpha and estrogen constitutes a major proliferation and survival signal for luminal type A breast cancer. However, by controlling differentiation and by regulating the expression of cell cycle inhibitor p27kip1 and the cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin, FOXA1 may prevent metastatic progression of luminal type A breast cancer. This article reviews possible roles of FOXA family transcription factors in breast cancer initiation, hormone dependency and speculates on the potential of FOXA1 as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harikrishna Nakshatri
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Departments of Surgery, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Walther Oncology Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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506
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Manuylov NL, Smagulova FO, Tevosian SG. Fog2 excision in mice leads to premature mammary gland involution and reduced Esr1 gene expression. Oncogene 2007; 26:5204-13. [PMID: 17310981 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The critical role for GATA family proteins in maintaining the normal (non-transformed) cell state is corroborated by the recent findings of mutations or methylation in GATA genes both in primary cancers and tumor lines including breast. Previously, microarray profiling studies determined that the highest expression of both GATA3 and ESR1 (estrogen receptor alpha) is seen in tumors associated with the most favorable survival outcomes, whereas the lowest expression of GATA3 is detected in tumor subtypes showing the worst outcomes. At this time, genes and pathways that are regulated by GATA3 in the mammary gland are not well defined. We have previously established a requirement for FOG (Friend Of GATA) cofactors during mouse development. Here we report that in the murine mammary gland Fog2 gene expression is upregulated upon pregnancy and lactation with prominent expression in the epithelial cells of the gland during post-lactational regression. Mammary-specific deletion of Fog2 identified a role for this gene during gland involution; excision of the Fog2 gene leads to the accelerated involution of the gland despite diminished levels of the remodeling enzymes. Importantly, the levels of several genes linked to the control of cancerous transformation in the breast (Esr1, Prg and Foxa1) are significantly reduced upon Fog2 excision. This implicates FOG2 in the maintenance of epithelial cell differentiation in the mammary gland and in performing a protective role in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Manuylov
- Department of Genetics, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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507
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Herschkowitz JI, Simin K, Weigman VJ, Mikaelian I, Usary J, Hu Z, Rasmussen KE, Jones LP, Assefnia S, Chandrasekharan S, Backlund MG, Yin Y, Khramtsov AI, Bastein R, Quackenbush J, Glazer RI, Brown PH, Green JE, Kopelovich L, Furth PA, Palazzo JP, Olopade OI, Bernard PS, Churchill GA, Van Dyke T, Perou CM. Identification of conserved gene expression features between murine mammary carcinoma models and human breast tumors. Genome Biol 2007; 8:R76. [PMID: 17493263 PMCID: PMC1929138 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2007-8-5-r76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 881] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2006] [Revised: 01/18/2007] [Accepted: 05/10/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although numerous mouse models of breast carcinomas have been developed, we do not know the extent to which any faithfully represent clinically significant human phenotypes. To address this need, we characterized mammary tumor gene expression profiles from 13 different murine models using DNA microarrays and compared the resulting data to those from human breast tumors. RESULTS Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis showed that six models (TgWAP-Myc, TgMMTV-Neu, TgMMTV-PyMT, TgWAP-Int3, TgWAP-Tag, and TgC3(1)-Tag) yielded tumors with distinctive and homogeneous expression patterns within each strain. However, in each of four other models (TgWAP-T121, TgMMTV-Wnt1, Brca1Co/Co;TgMMTV-Cre;p53+/- and DMBA-induced), tumors with a variety of histologies and expression profiles developed. In many models, similarities to human breast tumors were recognized, including proliferation and human breast tumor subtype signatures. Significantly, tumors of several models displayed characteristics of human basal-like breast tumors, including two models with induced Brca1 deficiencies. Tumors of other murine models shared features and trended towards significance of gene enrichment with human luminal tumors; however, these murine tumors lacked expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and ER-regulated genes. TgMMTV-Neu tumors did not have a significant gene overlap with the human HER2+/ER- subtype and were more similar to human luminal tumors. CONCLUSION Many of the defining characteristics of human subtypes were conserved among the mouse models. Although no single mouse model recapitulated all the expression features of a given human subtype, these shared expression features provide a common framework for an improved integration of murine mammary tumor models with human breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason I Herschkowitz
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Karl Simin
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Victor J Weigman
- Department of Biology and Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Jerry Usary
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Hu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Karen E Rasmussen
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Laundette P Jones
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Shahin Assefnia
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | | | - Michael G Backlund
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yuzhi Yin
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | | | - Roy Bastein
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - John Quackenbush
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Robert I Glazer
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey E Green
- Transgenic Oncogenesis Group, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics
| | - Levy Kopelovich
- Chemoprevention Agent Development Research Group, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Priscilla A Furth
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Juan P Palazzo
- Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Olufunmilayo I Olopade
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Committees on Genetics and Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Philip S Bernard
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | | | - Terry Van Dyke
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Charles M Perou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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508
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Zhou J, Chen Q, Zou Y, Chen H, Qi L, Chen Y. Conservative surgery in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Front Oncol 1984; 9:820. [PMID: 31555586 PMCID: PMC6722475 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells have been known to contribute immensely to the carcinogenesis of the breast and therapeutic resistance in the clinic. Current studies show that the population of breast cancer stem cells is heterogeneous, involving various cellular markers and regulatory signaling pathways. In addition, different subtypes of breast cancer exhibit distinct subtypes and frequencies of breast cancer stem cells. In this review, we provide an overview of the characteristics of breast cancer stem cells, including their various molecular markers, prominent regulatory signaling, and complex microenvironment. The cellular origins of breast cancer are discussed to understand the heterogeneity and diverse differentiations of stem cells. Importantly, we also outline the recent advances and controversies in the therapeutic implications of breast cancer stem cells in different subtypes of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiaojiao Zhou
| | - Qishan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiheng Zou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huihui Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lina Qi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiding Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Yiding Chen
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