501
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Šibanc R, Kitak T, Govedarica B, Srčič S, Dreu R. Physical properties of pharmaceutical pellets. Chem Eng Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2012.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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502
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Heine M, Antonyuk S, Fries L, Niederreiter G, Heinrich S, Palzer S. Modeling of the Spray Zone for Particle Wetting in a Fluidized Bed. CHEM-ING-TECH 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201200148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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503
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Ruzycki CA, Javaheri E, Finlay WH. The use of computational fluid dynamics in inhaler design. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 10:307-23. [PMID: 23289401 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.753053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has recently seen increased use in the design of pharmaceutical inhalers. The use of CFD in the design of inhalers is made difficult by the complex nature of aerosol generation. At present, CFD has provided valuable insight into certain aspects of inhaler performance, though limitations in computational power have prevented the full implementation of numerical methods in the design of inhalers. AREAS COVERED This review examines the application of CFD in the design of aerosol drug delivery technologies with a focus on pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDI), nebulizers and dry powder inhalers (DPIs). Challenges associated with the application of CFD in inhaler design are discussed along with relevant investigations in the literature. Discussions of discrete element modeling (DEM) and the simulation of pharmaceutical aerosol dispersion are included. EXPERT OPINION The extreme complexity of coupled fluid and aerosol dynamics associated with aerosol generation has somewhat limited the use of CFD in inhaler design. Combined CFD--DEM simulations provide a useful tool in the design of DPIs, though aerosol generation in pMDIs and nebulizers has eluded CFD modeling. The most beneficial use of CFD typically occurs when concurrent CFD and experimental analyses are performed, significantly enhancing the knowledge provided by experiment alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor A Ruzycki
- University of Alberta, Department of Mechanical Engineering , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G8, Canada
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504
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Kruggel-Emden H, Wirtz S, Scherer V. An experimental investigation of mixing of wood pellets on a forward acting grate in discontinuous operation. POWDER TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2012.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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505
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506
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Wang J, van der Hoef M, Kuipers J. Comparison of Two-Fluid and Discrete Particle Modeling of Dense Gas-Particle Flows in Gas-Fluidized Beds. CHEM-ING-TECH 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201200101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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507
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Hou Q, Zhou Z, Yu A. Micromechanical modeling and analysis of different flow regimes in gas fluidization. Chem Eng Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2012.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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508
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Kuang SB, Zou RP, Pan RH, Yu AB. Gas–Solid Flow and Energy Dissipation in Inclined Pneumatic Conveying. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie301894d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. B. Kuang
- Laboratory for Simulation and
Modelling of Particulate Systems, School of Materials Science and
Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - R. P. Zou
- Laboratory for Simulation and
Modelling of Particulate Systems, School of Materials Science and
Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - R. H. Pan
- Xiamen Longking Bulk Materials Science and Engineering Co., Ltd., Xiamen
361000, China
| | - A. B. Yu
- Laboratory for Simulation and
Modelling of Particulate Systems, School of Materials Science and
Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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509
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Wang S, Liu G, Lu H, Yang Y, Xu P, Sun L. Computational fluid dynamics of riser using kinetic theory of rough spheres. POWDER TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2012.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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510
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Hou QF, Zhou ZY, Yu AB. Computational Study of the Effects of Material Properties on Heat Transfer in Gas Fluidization. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie3015999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Fu Hou
- Laboratory
for Simulation and Modelling of Particulate
Systems, School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052,
Australia
| | - Zong-Yan Zhou
- Laboratory
for Simulation and Modelling of Particulate
Systems, School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052,
Australia
| | - Ai-Bing Yu
- Laboratory
for Simulation and Modelling of Particulate
Systems, School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052,
Australia
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511
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Guo Y, Wu CY, Thornton C. Modeling gas-particle two-phase flows with complex and moving boundaries using DEM-CFD with an immersed boundary method. AIChE J 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.13900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering; University of Birmingham; Birmingham; B15 2TT; U.K
| | - C. -Y. Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering; University of Birmingham; Birmingham; B15 2TT; U.K
| | - C. Thornton
- School of Chemical Engineering; University of Birmingham; Birmingham; B15 2TT; U.K
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512
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Roeller K, Herminghaus S. Dynamics of the wet granular Leidenfrost phenomenon. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 86:021301. [PMID: 23005754 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.86.021301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
By event-driven molecular dynamics simulations, we study the Leidenfrost effect for wet granular matter driven from below. In marked contrast to all earlier studies on other fluids, the dense plug hovering on the hot gas cushion undergoes an undamped oscillation. The location of the Hopf bifurcation leading to this oscillation is strongly dependent on the inelasticity of the grain impacts. The vertical separation into a gas phase with a condensed plug hovering above it is particularly pronounced due to the cohesiveness of the granulate. For sufficiently large system sizes, the Rayleigh-Taylor instability terminates the oscillatory state at late times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Roeller
- MPI for Dynamics and Selforganization, Am Fassberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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513
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Critical assessment of two approaches for evaluating contacts between super-quadric shaped particles in DEM simulations. Chem Eng Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2012.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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514
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Radl S, Brandl D, Heimburg H, Glasser BJ, Khinast JG. Flow and mixing of granular material over a single blade. POWDER TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2012.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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515
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Norouzi H, Mostoufi N, Sotudeh-Gharebagh R. Effect of fines on segregation of binary mixtures in gas–solid fluidized beds. POWDER TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2012.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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516
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517
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Peng Z, Doroodchi E, Evans GM. Influence of primary particle size distribution on nanoparticles aggregation and suspension yield stress: A theoretical study. POWDER TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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518
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Martínez L, Betz G, Villalobos R, Melgoza L, Young PM. Correlation between compactibility values and excipient cluster size using anin silicoapproach. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 39:374-81. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.683439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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519
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Ren B, Shao Y, Zhong W, Jin B, Yuan Z, Lu Y. Investigation of mixing behaviors in a spouted bed with different density particles using discrete element method. POWDER TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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520
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Simsek E, Sudbrock F, Wirtz S, Scherer V. Influence of particle diameter and material properties on mixing of monodisperse spheres on a grate: Experiments and discrete element simulation. POWDER TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2011.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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521
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522
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Wong W, Fletcher DF, Traini D, Chan HK, Young PM. The use of computational approaches in inhaler development. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:312-22. [PMID: 22063020 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Discrete Element Modelling (DEM) studies relevant to inhaled drug delivery are reviewed. CFD is widely used in device design to determine airflow patterns and turbulence levels. CFD is also used to simulate particles and droplets, which are subjected to various forces, turbulence and wall interactions. These studies can now be performed routinely because of the availability of commercial software containing high quality turbulence and particle models. DEM allows for the modelling of agglomerate break-up upon interaction with a wall or due to shear in the flow. However, the computational cost is high and the number of particles that can be simulated is minimal compared with the number present in typical inhaled formulations. Therefore DEM is currently limited to fundamental studies of break-up mechanisms. With decreasing computational limitations, simulations combining CFD and DEM that can address outstanding issues in agglomerate break-up and dispersion will be possible.
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523
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524
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Dubey A, Vanarase AU, Muzzio FJ. Impact of process parameters on critical performance attributes of a continuous blender-A DEM-based study. AIChE J 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.13770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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525
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McElroy L, Bao J, Jayasundara C, Yang R, Yu A. A soft-sensor approach to impact intensity prediction in stirred mills guided by DEM models. POWDER TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2011.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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526
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Feng Y, Swenser-Smith T, Witt PJ, Doblin C, Lim S, Schwarz MP. CFD modeling of gas–solid flow in an internally circulating fluidized bed. POWDER TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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527
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528
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DEM simulation of continuous tablet coating: Effects of tablet shape and fill level on inter-tablet coating variability. Chem Eng Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2011.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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529
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530
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Jayasundara CT, Yang RY, Yu AB. Discrete Particle Simulation of Particle Flow in a Stirred Mill: Effect of Mill Properties and Geometry. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ie2018977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. T. Jayasundara
- Laboratory for Simulation and Modelling of Particulate Systems, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - R. Y. Yang
- Laboratory for Simulation and Modelling of Particulate Systems, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - A. B. Yu
- Laboratory for Simulation and Modelling of Particulate Systems, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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531
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532
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Su J, Gu Z, Xu XY. Discrete element simulation of particle flow in arbitrarily complex geometries. Chem Eng Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2011.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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533
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Stratton R, Wensrich C. Horizontal slug flow pneumatic conveying: Numerical simulation and analysis of a thin slice approximation. POWDER TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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534
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Ren B, Zhong W, Jin B, Yuan Z, Lu Y. Modeling of Gas-Particle Turbulent Flow in Spout-Fluid Bed by Computational Fluid Dynamics with Discrete Element Method. Chem Eng Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201100338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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535
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Farzaneh M, Sasic S, Almstedt AE, Johnsson F, Pallarès D. A novel multigrid technique for Lagrangian modeling of fuel mixing in fluidized beds. Chem Eng Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2011.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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536
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537
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538
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Wang J, van der Hoef M, Kuipers J. The role of scale resolution versus inter-particle cohesive forces in two-fluid modeling of bubbling fluidization of Geldart A particles. Chem Eng Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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539
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Zhou Z, Yu A, Choi S. Numerical simulation of the liquid-induced erosion in a weakly bonded sand assembly. POWDER TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2011.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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540
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Hou QF, Zhou ZY, Yu AB. Computational study of heat transfer in a bubbling fluidized bed with a horizontal tube. AIChE J 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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541
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Zhou ZY, Zou RP, Pinson D, Yu AB. Dynamic Simulation of the Packing of Ellipsoidal Particles. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ie200862n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Yan Zhou
- Laboratory for Simulation and Modelling of Particulate Systems, School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Rui-Ping Zou
- Laboratory for Simulation and Modelling of Particulate Systems, School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - David Pinson
- BlueScope Steel Research, P.O. Box 202, Port Kembla, NSW 2505, Australia
| | - Ai-Bing Yu
- Laboratory for Simulation and Modelling of Particulate Systems, School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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542
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543
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Simulation of the layer inversion phenomenon in binary liquid--fluidized beds by DEM–CFD with a drag law for polydisperse systems. Chem Eng Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2011.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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544
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Yi LY, Dong KJ, Zou RP, Yu AB. Coordination Number of the Packing of Ternary Mixtures of Spheres: DEM Simulations versus Measurements. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ie200765h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Y. Yi
- Laboratory for Simulation and Modeling of Particulate Systems, School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - K. J. Dong
- Laboratory for Simulation and Modeling of Particulate Systems, School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - R. P. Zou
- Laboratory for Simulation and Modeling of Particulate Systems, School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - A. B. Yu
- Laboratory for Simulation and Modeling of Particulate Systems, School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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545
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Chandratilleke GR, Yu AB, Bridgwater J, Shinohara K. A particle-scale index in the quantification of mixing of particles. AIChE J 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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546
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Ketterhagen WR. Modeling the motion and orientation of various pharmaceutical tablet shapes in a film coating pan using DEM. Int J Pharm 2011; 409:137-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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547
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Wang J, Tan L, van der Hoef M, van Sint Annaland M, Kuipers J. From bubbling to turbulent fluidization: Advanced onset of regime transition in micro-fluidized beds. Chem Eng Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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548
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Benyahia S. Analysis of model parameters affecting the pressure profile in a circulating fluidized bed. AIChE J 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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549
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Jasevičius R, Tomas J, Kačianauskas R. Simulation of Normal Impact of Ultrafine Silica Particle on Substrate. PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2010.511662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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550
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Karimi S, Mansourpour Z, Mostoufi N, Sotudeh-Gharebagh R. CFD-DEM Study of Temperature and Concentration Distribution in a Polyethylene Fluidized Bed Reactor. PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351003758451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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