501
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Natesan R, Aras S, Effron SS, Asangani IA. Epigenetic Regulation of Chromatin in Prostate Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1210:379-407. [PMID: 31900918 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32656-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics refers to mitotically/meiotically heritable mechanisms that regulate gene transcription without a need for changes in the DNA code. Covalent modifications of DNA, in the form of methylation, and histone post-translational modifications, in the form of acetylation and methylation, constitute the epigenetic code of a cell. Both DNA and histone modifications are highly dynamic and often work in unison to define the epigenetic state of a cell. Most epigenetic mechanisms regulate gene transcription by affecting localized/genome-wide transitions between heterochromatin and euchromatin states, thereby altering the accessibility of the transcriptional machinery and in turn, reduce/increase transcriptional output. Altered chromatin structure is associated with cancer progression, and epigenetic plasticity primarily governs the resistance of cancer cells to therapeutic agents. In this chapter, we specifically focus on regulators of histone methylation and acetylation, the two well-studied chromatin post-translational modifications, in the context of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishnan Natesan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shweta Aras
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Samuel Sander Effron
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Irfan A Asangani
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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502
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Hines J, Lartigue S, Dong H, Qian Y, Crews CM. MDM2-Recruiting PROTAC Offers Superior, Synergistic Antiproliferative Activity via Simultaneous Degradation of BRD4 and Stabilization of p53. Cancer Res 2019; 79:251-262. [PMID: 30385614 PMCID: PMC6318015 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although the number of proteins effectively targeted for posttranslational degradation by PROTAC has grown steadily, the number of E3 ligases successfully exploited to accomplish this has been limited to the few for which small-molecule ligands have been discovered. Although the E3 ligase MDM2 is bound by the nutlin class of small-molecule ligands, there are few nutlin-based PROTAC. Because a nutlin-based PROTAC should both knockdown its target protein and upregulate the tumor suppressor p53, we examined the ability of such a PROTAC to decrease cancer cell viability. A nutlin-based, BRD4-degrading PROTAC, A1874, was able to degrade its target protein by 98% with nanomolar potency. Given the complementary ability of A1874 to stabilize p53, we discovered that the nutlin-based PROTAC was more effective in inhibiting proliferation of many cancer cell lines with wild-type p53 than was a corresponding VHL-utilizing PROTAC with similar potency and efficacy to degrade BRD4. This is the first report of a PROTAC in which the E3 ligase ligand and targeting warhead combine to exert a synergistic antiproliferative effect. Our study highlights the untapped potential that may be unlocked by expanding the repertoire of E3 ligases that can be recruited by PROTAC. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings present the first BRD4-targeting MDM2-based PROTAC that possesses potent, distinct, and synergistic biological activities associated with both ends of this heterobifunctional molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hines
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Schan Lartigue
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | | | - Craig M Crews
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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503
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504
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Pei H, Peng Y, Zhao Q, Chen Y. Small molecule PROTACs: an emerging technology for targeted therapy in drug discovery. RSC Adv 2019; 9:16967-16976. [PMID: 35519875 PMCID: PMC9064693 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03423d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An overview of the latest developments in PROTAC technology and the possible directions of this approach is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiang Pei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology
- The Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- School of Life Sciences
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
| | - Yangrui Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology
- The Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- School of Life Sciences
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
| | - Qiuhua Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- China
| | - Yihua Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology
- The Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- School of Life Sciences
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
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505
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Cheng J, Guo J, North BJ, Tao K, Zhou P, Wei W. The emerging role for Cullin 4 family of E3 ligases in tumorigenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1871:138-159. [PMID: 30602127 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As a member of the Cullin-RING ligase family, Cullin-RING ligase 4 (CRL4) has drawn much attention due to its broad regulatory roles under physiological and pathological conditions, especially in neoplastic events. Based on evidence from knockout and transgenic mouse models, human clinical data, and biochemical interactions, we summarize the distinct roles of the CRL4 E3 ligase complexes in tumorigenesis, which appears to be tissue- and context-dependent. Notably, targeting CRL4 has recently emerged as a noval anti-cancer strategy, including thalidomide and its derivatives that bind to the substrate recognition receptor cereblon (CRBN), and anticancer sulfonamides that target DCAF15 to suppress the neoplastic proliferation of multiple myeloma and colorectal cancers, respectively. To this end, PROTACs have been developed as a group of engineered bi-functional chemical glues that induce the ubiquitination-mediated degradation of substrates via recruiting E3 ligases, such as CRL4 (CRBN) and CRL2 (pVHL). We summarize the recent major advances in the CRL4 research field towards understanding its involvement in tumorigenesis and further discuss its clinical implications. The anti-tumor effects using the PROTAC approach to target the degradation of undruggable targets are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jianping Guo
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Brian J North
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Pengbo Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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506
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Zoppi V, Hughes SJ, Maniaci C, Testa A, Gmaschitz T, Wieshofer C, Koegl M, Riching KM, Daniels DL, Spallarossa A, Ciulli A. Iterative Design and Optimization of Initially Inactive Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) Identify VZ185 as a Potent, Fast, and Selective von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) Based Dual Degrader Probe of BRD9 and BRD7. J Med Chem 2018; 62:699-726. [PMID: 30540463 PMCID: PMC6348446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Developing
PROTACs to redirect the ubiquitination activity of E3
ligases and potently degrade a target protein within cells can be
a lengthy and unpredictable process, and it remains unclear whether
any combination of E3 and target might be productive for degradation.
We describe a probe-quality degrader for a ligase–target pair
deemed unsuitable: the von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) and BRD9, a
bromodomain-containing subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling
complex BAF. VHL-based degraders could be optimized from suboptimal
compounds in two rounds by systematically varying conjugation patterns
and linkers and monitoring cellular degradation activities, kinetic
profiles, and ubiquitination, as well as ternary complex formation
thermodynamics. The emerged structure–activity relationships
guided the discovery of VZ185, a potent, fast, and selective degrader
of BRD9 and of its close homolog BRD7. Our findings qualify a new
chemical tool for BRD7/9 knockdown and provide a roadmap for PROTAC
development against seemingly incompatible target–ligase combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Zoppi
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, James Black Centre , University of Dundee , Dow Street , DD1 5EH , Dundee , Scotland , United Kingdom.,Dipartimento di Farmacia, Sezione di Chimica del Farmaco e del Prodotto Cosmetico , Università degli Studi di Genova , Viale Benedetto XV 3 , 16132 Genova , Italy
| | - Scott J Hughes
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, James Black Centre , University of Dundee , Dow Street , DD1 5EH , Dundee , Scotland , United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Maniaci
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, James Black Centre , University of Dundee , Dow Street , DD1 5EH , Dundee , Scotland , United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, James Black Centre , University of Dundee , Dow Street , DD1 5EH , Dundee , Scotland , United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Testa
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, James Black Centre , University of Dundee , Dow Street , DD1 5EH , Dundee , Scotland , United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Manfred Koegl
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG , 1221 Vienna , Austria
| | - Kristin M Riching
- Promega Corporation , 2800 Woods Hollow Road , Madison , Wisconsin 53711 , United States
| | - Danette L Daniels
- Promega Corporation , 2800 Woods Hollow Road , Madison , Wisconsin 53711 , United States
| | - Andrea Spallarossa
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Sezione di Chimica del Farmaco e del Prodotto Cosmetico , Università degli Studi di Genova , Viale Benedetto XV 3 , 16132 Genova , Italy
| | - Alessio Ciulli
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, James Black Centre , University of Dundee , Dow Street , DD1 5EH , Dundee , Scotland , United Kingdom
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507
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Rubner S, Scharow A, Schubert S, Berg T. Selective Degradation of Polo-like Kinase 1 by a Hydrophobically Tagged Inhibitor of the Polo-Box Domain. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:17043-17047. [PMID: 30351497 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophobic tagging (HT) of bioactive compounds can induce target degradation via the proteasomal pathway. The first application of hydrophobic tagging to an existing inhibitor of protein-protein interactions is now presented. We developed Poloxin-2HT by fusing an adamantyl tag to Poloxin-2, an inhibitor of the polo-box domain of the protein kinase Plk1, which is a target for tumor therapy. Poloxin-2HT selectively reduced the protein levels of Plk1 in HeLa cells and had a significantly stronger effect on cell viability and the induction of apoptosis than the untagged PBD inhibitor Poloxin-2. The change in cellular phenotype associated with the addition of the hydrophobic tag to Poloxin-2 demonstrated that Poloxin-2HT targets Plk1 in living cells. Our data validate hydrophobic tagging of selective inhibitors of protein-protein interactions as a novel strategy to target and destroy disease-relevant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Rubner
- Leipzig University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrej Scharow
- Leipzig University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sabine Schubert
- Leipzig University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Berg
- Leipzig University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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508
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Daniels DL, Riching KM, Urh M. Monitoring and deciphering protein degradation pathways inside cells. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2018; 31:61-68. [PMID: 31200861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A new series of therapeutic modalities resulting in degradation of target proteins, termed proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs), hold significant therapeutic potential with possible prolonged pharmacodynamics, improved potency, and ability to target proteins previously thought of as "undruggable". PROTACs are heterobifunctional small molecules consisting of a target binding handle bridged via a chemical linker to an E3 ligase handle which recruit the E3 ligase and ubiquitin machinery to target proteins, resulting in subsequent ubiquitination and degradation of the target. With the generation of small molecule PROTAC compound libraries for drug discovery, it becomes essential to have sensitive screening technologies to rapidly profile activity and have assays which can clearly inform on performance at the various cellular steps required for PROTAC-mediated degradation. For PROTAC compounds, this has been particularly challenging using either biochemical or cellular assay approaches. Biochemical assays are highly informative for the first part of the degradation process, including optimization of compound binding to targets and interrogation of target:PROTAC:E3 ligase ternary complex formation, but struggle with the remaining steps; recruitment of ternary complex into larger active E3 ligase complexes, ubiquitination, and proteasomal degradation. On the other hand, cellular assays are excellent at determining if the PROTAC successfully degrades the target in its relevant setting but struggle as early development PROTAC compounds are often poorly cell-permeable given their high molecular weight. Additionally, if degradation is not observed in a cellular assay, it is difficult to deconvolute the reason why or at which step there was failure. In this review we will highlight the current approaches along with recent advances to overcome the challenges faced for cellular PROTAC screening, which will enable and advance drug discovery of therapeutic degradation compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danette L Daniels
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, WI, 53711, USA.
| | - Kristin M Riching
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Marjeta Urh
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
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509
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Chung CI, Zhang Q, Shu X. Dynamic Imaging of Small Molecule Induced Protein-Protein Interactions in Living Cells with a Fluorophore Phase Transition Based Approach. Anal Chem 2018; 90:14287-14293. [PMID: 30431263 PMCID: PMC6298840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) mediate signal transduction in cells. Small molecules that regulate PPIs are important tools for biology and biomedicine. Dynamic imaging of small molecule induced PPIs characterizes and verifies these molecules in living cells. It is thus important to develop cellular assays for dynamic visualization of small molecule induced protein-protein association and dissociation in living cells. Here we have applied a fluorophore phase transition based principle and designed a PPI assay named SPPIER (separation of phases-based protein interaction reporter). SPPIER utilizes the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and is thus genetically encoded. Upon small molecule induced PPI, SPPIER rapidly forms highly fluorescent GFP droplets in living cells. SPPIER detects immunomodulatory drug (IMiD) induced PPI between cereblon and the transcription factor Ikaros. It also detects IMiD analogue (e.g., CC-885) induced PPI between cereblon and GSPT1. Furthermore, SPPIER can visualize bifunctional molecules (e.g. PROTAC)-induced PPI between an E3 ubiquitin ligase and a target protein. Lastly, SPPIER can be modified to image small molecule induced protein-protein dissociation, such as nutlin-induced dissociation between HDM2 and p53. The intense brightness and rapid kinetics of SPPIER enable robust and dynamic visualization of PPIs in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-I Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Xiaokun Shu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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510
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Li Y, Yang J, Aguilar A, McEachern D, Przybranowski S, Liu L, Yang CY, Wang M, Han X, Wang S. Discovery of MD-224 as a First-in-Class, Highly Potent, and Efficacious Proteolysis Targeting Chimera Murine Double Minute 2 Degrader Capable of Achieving Complete and Durable Tumor Regression. J Med Chem 2018; 62:448-466. [PMID: 30525597 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human murine double minute 2 (MDM2) protein is a primary endogenous cellular inhibitor of the tumor suppressor p53 and has been pursued as an attractive cancer therapeutic target. Several potent, nonpeptide, small-molecule inhibitors of MDM2 are currently in clinical development. In this paper, we report our design, synthesis, and evaluation of small-molecule MDM2 degraders based on the proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) concept. The most promising compound (MD-224) effectively induces rapid degradation of MDM2 at concentrations <1 nM in human leukemia cells. It achieves an IC50 value of 1.5 nM in inhibition of growth of RS4;11 cells and also low nanomolar IC50 values in a panel of leukemia cell lines. MD-224 achieves complete and durable tumor regression in vivo in the RS4;11 xenograft tumor model in mice at well-tolerated dose schedules. MD-224 is thus a highly potent and efficacious MDM2 degrader and warrants extensive evaluations as a new class of anticancer agent.
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511
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Moon S, Lee BH. Chemically Induced Cellular Proteolysis: An Emerging Therapeutic Strategy for Undruggable Targets. Mol Cells 2018; 41:933-942. [PMID: 30486612 PMCID: PMC6277563 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.0372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, small-molecule or antibody-based therapies against human diseases have been designed to inhibit the enzymatic activity or compete for the ligand binding sites of pathological target proteins. Despite its demonstrated effectiveness, such as in cancer treatment, this approach is often limited by recurring drug resistance. More importantly, not all molecular targets are enzymes or receptors with druggable 'hot spots' that can be directly occupied by active site-directed inhibitors. Recently, a promising new paradigm has been created, in which small-molecule chemicals harness the naturally occurring protein quality control machinery of the ubiquitin-proteasome system to specifically eradicate disease-causing proteins in cells. Such 'chemically induced protein degradation' may provide unprecedented opportunities for targeting proteins that are inherently undruggable, such as structural scaffolds and other non-enzymatic molecules, for therapeutic purposes. This review focuses on surveying recent progress in developing E3-guided proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) and small-molecule chemical modulators of deubiquitinating enzymes upstream of or on the proteasome.
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512
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Rubner S, Scharow A, Schubert S, Berg T. Selective Degradation of Polo‐like Kinase 1 by a Hydrophobically Tagged Inhibitor of the Polo‐Box Domain. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Rubner
- Leipzig University Institute of Organic Chemistry Johannisallee 29 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Andrej Scharow
- Leipzig University Institute of Organic Chemistry Johannisallee 29 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Sabine Schubert
- Leipzig University Institute of Organic Chemistry Johannisallee 29 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Thorsten Berg
- Leipzig University Institute of Organic Chemistry Johannisallee 29 04103 Leipzig Germany
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513
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Jensen SM, Potts GK, Ready DB, Patterson MJ. Specific MHC-I Peptides Are Induced Using PROTACs. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2697. [PMID: 30524438 PMCID: PMC6262898 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptides presented by the class-I major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I) are important targets for immunotherapy. The identification of these peptide targets greatly facilitates the generation of T-cell-based therapeutics. Herein, we report the capability of proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) compounds to induce the presentation of specific MHC class-I peptides derived from endogenous cellular proteins. Using LC-MS/MS, we identified several BET-derived MHC-I peptides induced by treatment with three BET-directed PROTAC compounds. To understand our ability to tune this process, we measured the relative rate of presentation of these peptides under varying treatment conditions using label-free mass spectrometry quantification. We found that the rate of peptide presentation reflected the rate of protein degradation, indicating a direct relationship between PROTAC treatment and peptide presentation. We additionally analyzed the effect of PROTAC treatment on the entire immunopeptidome and found many new peptides that were displayed in a PROTAC-specific fashion: we determined that these identifications map to the BET pathway, as well as, potential off-target or unique-to-PROTAC pathways. This work represents the first evidence of the use of PROTAC compounds to induce the presentation of MHC-I peptides from endogenous cellular proteins, highlighting the capability of PROTAC compounds for the discovery and generation of new targets for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Jensen
- Discovery Chemistry and Technology, AbbVie North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Gregory K Potts
- Discovery Chemistry and Technology, AbbVie North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Damien B Ready
- Discovery Chemistry and Technology, AbbVie North Chicago, IL, United States
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514
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Pham TND, Kumar K, DeCant BT, Shang M, Munshi SZ, Matsangou M, Ebine K, Munshi HG. Induction of MNK Kinase-dependent eIF4E Phosphorylation by Inhibitors Targeting BET Proteins Limits Efficacy of BET Inhibitors. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 18:235-244. [PMID: 30446586 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BET inhibitors (BETi), which target transcription of key oncogenic genes, are currently being evaluated in early-phase clinical trials. However, because BETis show limited single-agent activity, there is increasing interest in identifying signaling pathways to enhance the efficacy of BETis. Here, we demonstrate increased MNK kinase-dependent eIF4E phosphorylation following treatment with BETis, indicating activation of a prosurvival feedback mechanism in response to BETis. BET PROTACs, which promote degradation of BET proteins, also induced eIF4E phosphorylation in cancer cells. Mechanistically, we show that the effect of BETis on MNK-eIF4E phosphorylation was mediated by p38 MAPKs. We also show that BETis suppressed RacGAP1 to induce Rac signaling-mediated eIF4E phosphorylation. Significantly, MNK inhibitors and MNK1/2 knockdown enhanced the efficacy of BETis in suppressing proliferation of cancer cells in vitro and in a syngeneic mouse model. Together, these results demonstrate a novel prosurvival feedback signaling induced by BETis, providing a mechanistic rationale for combination therapy with BET and MNK inhibitors for synergistic inhibition of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao N D Pham
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Brian T DeCant
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Meng Shang
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Samad Z Munshi
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Maria Matsangou
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kazumi Ebine
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hidayatullah G Munshi
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. .,The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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515
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BET bromodomain inhibitors: fragment-based in silico design using multi-target QSAR models. Mol Divers 2018; 23:555-572. [PMID: 30421269 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-018-9890-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics has become a focus of interest in drug discovery. In this sense, bromodomain-containing proteins have emerged as potential epigenetic targets in cancer research and other therapeutic areas. Several computational approaches have been applied to the prediction of bromodomain inhibitors. Nevertheless, such approaches have several drawbacks such as the fact that they predict activity against only one bromodomain-containing protein, using structurally related compounds. Also, there are no reports focused on meaningfully analyzing the physicochemical/structural features that are necessary for the design of a bromodomain inhibitor. This work describes the development of two different multi-target models based on quantitative structure-activity relationships (mt-QSAR) for the prediction and in silico design of multi-target bromodomain inhibitors against the proteins BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4. The first model relied on linear discriminant analysis (LDA) while the second focused on artificial neural networks. Both models exhibited accuracies higher than 85% in the dataset. Several molecular fragments were extracted, and their contributions to the inhibitory activity against the three BET proteins were calculated by the LDA model. Six molecules were designed by assembling the fragments with positive contributions, and they were predicted as multi-target BET bromodomain inhibitors by the two mt-QSAR models. Molecular docking calculations converged with the predictions performed by the mt-QSAR models, suggesting that the designed molecules can exhibit potent activity against the three BET proteins. These molecules complied with the Lipinski's rule of five.
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516
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Duan Y, Guan Y, Qin W, Zhai X, Yu B, Liu H. Targeting Brd4 for cancer therapy: inhibitors and degraders. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:1779-1802. [PMID: 30542529 PMCID: PMC6238758 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00198g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (Brd4) plays an important role in mediating the expression of genes involved in cancers and non-cancer diseases such as inflammatory diseases and acute heart failure. Inactivating Brd4 or downregulating its expression inhibits cancer development, leading to the current interest in Brd4 as a promising anticancer drug target. Numerous Brd4 inhibitors have been studied in recent years and some of them are currently in various phases of clinical trials. Recently, selective degradation of target proteins by small bifunctional molecules (PROTACs) has emerged as an attractive drug discovery approach owing to the advantages it could offer over traditional small-molecule inhibitors. A number of Brd4 degraders have been reported and showed more efficient anticancer activities than just protein inhibition. In this review, we will discuss recent findings in the discovery and development of small-molecule inhibitors and degraders that target Brd4 as a potential anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Duan
- School of Pharmacy , Xinxiang Medical University , Xinxiang , Henan 453003 , China
| | - Yuanyuan Guan
- School of Pharmacy , Xinxiang Medical University , Xinxiang , Henan 453003 , China
| | - Wenping Qin
- School of Pharmacy , Xinxiang Medical University , Xinxiang , Henan 453003 , China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhai
- School of Pharmacy , Xinxiang Medical University , Xinxiang , Henan 453003 , China
| | - Bin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology , Ministry of Education of China , Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety , Institute of Drug Discovery and Development , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , 100 Kexue Avenue , Zhengzhou , Henan 450001 , China . ;
| | - Hongmin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology , Ministry of Education of China , Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety , Institute of Drug Discovery and Development , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , 100 Kexue Avenue , Zhengzhou , Henan 450001 , China . ;
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517
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Pervaiz M, Mishra P, Günther S. Bromodomain Drug Discovery - the Past, the Present, and the Future. CHEM REC 2018; 18:1808-1817. [PMID: 30289209 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
With the bromodomain (BRD) inhibitor JQ1, a remarkable success story of BRD4 as a novel drug target has been set off that yielded many anti-cancer drugs that are now in clinical trials. But not all of the great prospects of BRDs as drug targets may become true. First evaluations of ongoing clinical trials revealed that treatment with BET-inhibitors can be accompanied with significant toxic side effects and the validation of the therapeutic benefit of BET-inhibitors compared to existing therapies is still pending. New strategies that may overcome possible obstacles in BRD drug discovery include combination therapies with other agents, dual target inhibitors, and proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs). Furthermore, non-BET proteins seem promising drug targets as well. Most recently, BRDs have been identified as putative targets to treat parasitic diseases such as malaria. Milestones in BRD drug discovery are reviewed and promising new developments are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrosh Pervaiz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 9, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pankaj Mishra
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 9, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 9, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
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518
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Kang CH, Lee DH, Lee CO, Du Ha J, Park CH, Hwang JY. Induced protein degradation of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) by proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 505:542-547. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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519
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Steinebach C, Lindner S, Udeshi ND, Mani DC, Kehm H, Köpff S, Carr SA, Gütschow M, Krönke J. Homo-PROTACs for the Chemical Knockdown of Cereblon. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:2771-2782. [PMID: 30118587 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) thalidomide, lenalidomide, and pomalidomide, all approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma, induce targeted ubiquitination and degradation of Ikaros (IKZF1) and Aiolos (IKZF3) via the cereblon (CRBN) E3 ubiquitin ligase. IMiD-based proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) can efficiently recruit CRBN to a protein of interest, leading to its ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. By linking two pomalidomide molecules, we designed homobifunctional, so-called homo-PROTACs and investigated their ability to induce self-directed ubiquitination and degradation. The homodimerized compound 15a was characterized as a highly potent and efficient CRBN degrader with only minimal effects on IKZF1 and IKZF3. The cellular selectivity of 15a for CRBN degradation was confirmed at the proteome level by quantitative mass spectrometry. Inactivation by compound 15a did not affect proliferation of different cell lines, prevented pomalidomide-induced degradation of IKZF1 and IKZF3, and antagonized the effects of pomalidomide on multiple myeloma cells. Homobifunctional CRBN degraders will be useful tools for future biomedical investigations of CRBN-related signaling and may help to further elucidate the molecular mechanism of thalidomide analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Steinebach
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefanie Lindner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Namrata D. Udeshi
- Proteomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Deepak C. Mani
- Proteomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Hannes Kehm
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Simon Köpff
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Steven A. Carr
- Proteomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Krönke
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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520
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Riching KM, Mahan S, Corona CR, McDougall M, Vasta JD, Robers MB, Urh M, Daniels DL. Quantitative Live-Cell Kinetic Degradation and Mechanistic Profiling of PROTAC Mode of Action. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:2758-2770. [PMID: 30137962 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A new generation of heterobifunctional small molecules, termed proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs), targets proteins for degradation through recruitment to E3 ligases and holds significant therapeutic potential. Despite numerous successful examples, PROTAC small molecule development remains laborious and unpredictable, involving testing compounds for end-point degradation activity at fixed times and concentrations without resolving or optimizing for the important biological steps required for the process. Given the complexity of the ubiquitin proteasomal pathway, technologies that enable real-time characterization of PROTAC efficacy and mechanism of action are critical for accelerating compound development, profiling, and improving guidance of chemical structure-activity relationship. Here, we present an innovative, modular live-cell platform utilizing endogenous tagging technologies and apply it to monitoring PROTAC-mediated degradation of the bromodomain and extra-terminal family members. We show comprehensive real-time degradation and recovery profiles for each target, precisely quantifying degradation rates, maximal levels of degradation ( Dmax), and time frame at Dmax. These degradation metrics show specific PROTAC and family member-dependent responses that are closely associated with the key cellular protein interactions required for the process. Kinetic studies show cellular ternary complex stability influences potency and degradation efficacy. Meanwhile, the level of ubiquitination is highly correlated to degradation rate, indicating ubiquitination stemming from productive ternary complex formation is the main driver of the degradation rate. The approaches applied here highlight the steps at which the choice of E3 ligase handle can elicit different outcomes and discern individual parameters required for degradation, ultimately enabling chemical design strategies and rank ordering of potential therapeutic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M. Riching
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | - Sarah Mahan
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | - Cesear R. Corona
- Promega Biosciences Incorporated, 277 Granada Drive, San Luis Obispo, California 93401, United States
| | - Mark McDougall
- Promega Biosciences Incorporated, 277 Granada Drive, San Luis Obispo, California 93401, United States
| | - James D. Vasta
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | - Matthew B. Robers
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | - Marjeta Urh
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | - Danette L. Daniels
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
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521
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Veggiani G, Sidhu SS. Peptides meet ubiquitin: Simple interactions regulating complex cell signaling. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Veggiani
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Sachdev S. Sidhu
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
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522
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An S, Fu L. Small-molecule PROTACs: An emerging and promising approach for the development of targeted therapy drugs. EBioMedicine 2018; 36:553-562. [PMID: 30224312 PMCID: PMC6197674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There are several challenges towards the development and clinical use of small molecule inhibitors, which are currently the main type of targeted therapies towards intracellular proteins. PROteolysis-TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs) exploit the intracellular ubiquitin-proteasome system to selectively degrade target proteins. Recently, small-molecule PROTACs with high potency have been frequently reported. In this review, we summarize the emerging characteristics of small-molecule PROTACs, such as inducing a rapid, profound and sustained degradation, inducing a robust inhibition of downstream signals, displaying enhanced target selectivity, and overcoming resistance to small molecule inhibitors. In tumor xenografts, small-molecule PROTACs can significantly attenuate tumor progression. In addition, we also introduce recent developments of the PROTAC technology such as homo-PROTACs. The outstanding advantages over traditional small-molecule drugs and the promising preclinical data suggest that small-molecule PROTAC technology has the potential to greatly promote the development of targeted therapy drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sainan An
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Liwu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China.
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523
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Design and Characterization of Novel Covalent Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal Domain (BET) Inhibitors Targeting a Methionine. J Med Chem 2018; 61:8202-8211. [PMID: 30165024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BET proteins are key epigenetic regulators that regulate transcription through binding to acetylated lysine (AcLys) residues of histones and transcription factors through bromodomains (BDs). The disruption of this interaction with small molecule bromodomain inhibitors is a promising approach to treat various diseases including cancer, autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases. Covalent inhibitors can potentially offer a more durable target inhibition leading to improved in vivo pharmacology. Here we describe the design of covalent inhibitors of BRD4(BD1) that target a methionine in the binding pocket by attaching an epoxide warhead to a suitably oriented noncovalent inhibitor. Using thermal denaturation, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and an X-ray crystal structure, we demonstrate that these inhibitors selectively form a covalent bond with Met149 in BRD4(BD1) but not other bromodomains and provide durable transcriptional and antiproliferative activity in cell based assays. Covalent targeting of methionine offers a novel approach to drug discovery for BET proteins and other targets.
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524
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Shibata N, Shimokawa K, Nagai K, Ohoka N, Hattori T, Miyamoto N, Ujikawa O, Sameshima T, Nara H, Cho N, Naito M. Pharmacological difference between degrader and inhibitor against oncogenic BCR-ABL kinase. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13549. [PMID: 30202081 PMCID: PMC6131351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31913-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is characterized by the oncogenic fusion protein, BCR-ABL protein kinase, against which clinically useful inhibitors have been developed. An alternative approach to treat CML is to degrade the BCR-ABL protein. Recently, potent degraders against BCR-ABL have been developed by conjugating dasatinib to ligands for E3 ubiquitin ligases. Since the degraders contain the dasatinib moiety, they also inhibit BCR-ABL kinase activity, which complicates our understanding of the impact of BCR-ABL degradation by degraders in CML growth inhibition. To address this issue, we chose DAS-IAP, as a potent BCR-ABL degrader, and developed a structurally related inactive degrader, DAS-meIAP, which inhibits kinase activity but does not degrade the BCR-ABL protein. DAS-IAP showed slightly weaker activity than DAS-meIAP in inhibiting cell growth when CML cells were treated for 48 h. However, DAS-IAP showed sustained growth inhibition even when the drug was removed after short-term treatment, whereas CML cell growth rapidly resumed following removal of DAS-meIAP and dasatinib. Consistently, suppression of BCR-ABL levels and downstream kinase signaling were maintained after DAS-IAP removal, whereas kinase signaling rapidly recovered following removal of DAS-meIAP and dasatinib. These results indicate that BCR-ABL degrader shows more sustained inhibition of CML cell growth than ABL kinase inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihito Shibata
- Divisions of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Shimokawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Katsunori Nagai
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan.,Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc., 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-0012, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Ohoka
- Divisions of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hattori
- Divisions of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Naoki Miyamoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Osamu Ujikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan.,Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc., 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-0012, Japan
| | - Tomoya Sameshima
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nara
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan.,The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, 2-12-15 Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-0002, Japan
| | - Nobuo Cho
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan.,Drug Discovery Chemistry Platform Unit (Wako branch), RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mikihiko Naito
- Divisions of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan.
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525
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Ebine K, Kumar K, Pham TN, Shields MA, Collier KA, Shang M, DeCant BT, Urrutia R, Hwang RF, Grimaldo S, Principe DR, Grippo PJ, Bentrem DJ, Munshi HG. Interplay between interferon regulatory factor 1 and BRD4 in the regulation of PD-L1 in pancreatic stellate cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13225. [PMID: 30185888 PMCID: PMC6125340 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31658-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The fibrotic reaction is a characteristic feature of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumors. It is associated with activation and proliferation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), which are key regulators of fibrosis in vivo. While there is increasing interest in the regulation of PD-L1 expression in cancer and immune cells, the expression and regulation of PD-L1 in other stromal cells, such as PSCs, has not been fully evaluated. Here we show that PSCs in vitro express higher PD-L1 mRNA and protein levels compared to the levels present in PDAC cells. We show that inhibitors targeting bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) proteins and BRD4 knockdown decrease interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-induced PD-L1 expression in PSCs. We also show that c-MYC, one of the well-established targets of BET inhibitors, does not mediate IFN-γ-regulated PD-L1 expression in PSCs. Instead we show that interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) mediates IFN-γ-induced PD-L1 expression in PSCs. Finally, while we show that BET inhibitors do not regulate IFN-γ-induced IRF1 expression in PSCs, BET inhibitors decrease binding of IRF1 and BRD4 to the PD-L1 promoter. Together, these results demonstrate the interplay between IRF1 and BRD4 in the regulation of PD-L1 in PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumi Ebine
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Thao N Pham
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mario A Shields
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, Cold Spring, NY, USA
| | - Katharine A Collier
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Meng Shang
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian T DeCant
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Raul Urrutia
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Epigenomics Translational Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rosa F Hwang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sam Grimaldo
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Paul J Grippo
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David J Bentrem
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hidayatullah G Munshi
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
- The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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526
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Ohoka N. Development of Protein Knockdown Technology as Emerging Drug Discovery Strategy. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2018; 138:1135-1143. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.18-00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobumichi Ohoka
- Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences
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527
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Dalal K, Morin H, Ban F, Shepherd A, Fernandez M, Tam KJ, Li H, LeBlanc E, Lack N, Prinz H, Rennie PS, Cherkasov A. Small molecule-induced degradation of the full length and V7 truncated variant forms of human androgen receptor. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:1164-1173. [PMID: 30193215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is a hormone-activated transcription factor that regulates the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa) and represents one of the most well-established drug targets. Currently clinically approved small molecule inhibitors of AR, such as enzalutamide, are built upon a common chemical scaffold that interacts with the AR by the same mechanism of action. These inhibitors eventually fail due to the emergence of drug-resistance in the form of AR mutations and expression of truncated AR splice variants (e.g. AR-V7) that are constitutively active, signalling the progression of the castration-resistant state of the disease. The urgent need therefore continues for novel classes of AR inhibitors that can overcome drug resistance, especially since AR signalling remains important even in late-stage advanced PCa. Previously, we identified a collection of 10-benzylidene-10H-anthracen-9-ones that effectively inhibit AR transcriptional activity, induce AR degradation and display some ability to block recruitment of hormones to the receptor. In the current work, we extended the analysis of the lead compounds, and used methods of both ligand- and structure-based drug design to develop a panel of novel 10-benzylidene-10H-anthracen-9-one derivatives capable of suppressing transcriptional activity and protein expression levels of both full length- and AR-V7 truncated forms of human androgen receptor. Importantly, the developed compounds efficiently inhibited the growth of AR-V7 dependent prostate cancer cell-lines which are completely resistant to all current anti-androgens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kush Dalal
- Vancouver Prostate Centre (VPC), 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Helene Morin
- Vancouver Prostate Centre (VPC), 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Fuqiang Ban
- Vancouver Prostate Centre (VPC), 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Ashley Shepherd
- Vancouver Prostate Centre (VPC), 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Michael Fernandez
- Vancouver Prostate Centre (VPC), 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Kevin J Tam
- Vancouver Prostate Centre (VPC), 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Huifang Li
- Vancouver Prostate Centre (VPC), 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Eric LeBlanc
- Vancouver Prostate Centre (VPC), 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Nathan Lack
- Vancouver Prostate Centre (VPC), 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Helge Prinz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Paul S Rennie
- Vancouver Prostate Centre (VPC), 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Artem Cherkasov
- Vancouver Prostate Centre (VPC), 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Canada.
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528
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Qin C, Hu Y, Zhou B, Fernandez-Salas E, Yang CY, Liu L, McEachern D, Przybranowski S, Wang M, Stuckey J, Meagher J, Bai L, Chen Z, Lin M, Yang J, Xu F, Hu J, Xing W, Huang L, Li S, Wen B, Sun D, Wang S, Wang S. Discovery of QCA570 as an Exceptionally Potent and Efficacious Proteolysis Targeting Chimera (PROTAC) Degrader of the Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal (BET) Proteins Capable of Inducing Complete and Durable Tumor Regression. J Med Chem 2018; 61:6685-6704. [PMID: 30019901 PMCID: PMC6545111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proteins of the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) family are epigenetics "readers" and promising therapeutic targets for cancer and other human diseases. We describe herein a structure-guided design of [1,4]oxazepines as a new class of BET inhibitors and our subsequent design, synthesis, and evaluation of proteolysis-targeting chimeric (PROTAC) small-molecule BET degraders. Our efforts have led to the discovery of extremely potent BET degraders, exemplified by QCA570, which effectively induces degradation of BET proteins and inhibits cell growth in human acute leukemia cell lines even at low picomolar concentrations. QCA570 achieves complete and durable tumor regression in leukemia xenograft models in mice at well-tolerated dose-schedules. QCA570 is the most potent and efficacious BET degrader reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Qin
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yang Hu
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Bing Zhou
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ester Fernandez-Salas
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Chao-Yie Yang
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Liu Liu
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Donna McEachern
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Sally Przybranowski
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mi Wang
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jeanne Stuckey
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jennifer Meagher
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Longchuan Bai
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Zhuo Chen
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mei Lin
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jiuling Yang
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Fuming Xu
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jiantao Hu
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Weiguo Xing
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Liyue Huang
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Siwei Li
- Pharmacokinetics Core, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Bo Wen
- Pharmacokinetics Core, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Duxin Sun
- Pharmacokinetics Core, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Shaomeng Wang
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Corresponding Author: Professor Shaomeng Wang at
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529
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Yang K, Song Y, Xie H, Wu H, Wu YT, Leisten ED, Tang W. Development of the first small molecule histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) degraders. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2493-2497. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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530
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Delineating the role of cooperativity in the design of potent PROTACs for BTK. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E7285-E7292. [PMID: 30012605 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1803662115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are heterobifunctional small molecules that simultaneously bind to a target protein and an E3 ligase, thereby leading to ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of the target. They present an exciting opportunity to modulate proteins in a manner independent of enzymatic or signaling activity. As such, they have recently emerged as an attractive mechanism to explore previously "undruggable" targets. Despite this interest, fundamental questions remain regarding the parameters most critical for achieving potency and selectivity. Here we employ a series of biochemical and cellular techniques to investigate requirements for efficient knockdown of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase essential for B cell maturation. Members of an 11-compound PROTAC library were investigated for their ability to form binary and ternary complexes with BTK and cereblon (CRBN, an E3 ligase component). Results were extended to measure effects on BTK-CRBN cooperative interactions as well as in vitro and in vivo BTK degradation. Our data show that alleviation of steric clashes between BTK and CRBN by modulating PROTAC linker length within this chemical series allows potent BTK degradation in the absence of thermodynamic cooperativity.
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531
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Nowak RP, DeAngelo SL, Buckley D, He Z, Donovan KA, An J, Safaee N, Jedrychowski MP, Ponthier CM, Ishoey M, Zhang T, Mancias JD, Gray NS, Bradner JE, Fischer ES. Plasticity in binding confers selectivity in ligand-induced protein degradation. Nat Chem Biol 2018; 14:706-714. [PMID: 29892083 PMCID: PMC6202246 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-018-0055-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Heterobifunctional small-molecule degraders that induce protein degradation through ligase-mediated ubiquitination have shown considerable promise as a new pharmacological modality. However, we currently lack a detailed understanding of the molecular basis for target recruitment and selectivity, which is critically required to enable rational design of degraders. Here we utilize a comprehensive characterization of the ligand-dependent CRBN-BRD4 interaction to demonstrate that binding between proteins that have not evolved to interact is plastic. Multiple X-ray crystal structures show that plasticity results in several distinct low-energy binding conformations that are selectively bound by ligands. We demonstrate that computational protein-protein docking can reveal the underlying interprotein contacts and inform the design of a BRD4 selective degrader that can discriminate between highly homologous BET bromodomains. Our findings that plastic interprotein contacts confer selectivity for ligand-induced protein dimerization provide a conceptual framework for the development of heterobifunctional ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław P Nowak
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen L DeAngelo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dennis Buckley
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhixiang He
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katherine A Donovan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jian An
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nozhat Safaee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark P Jedrychowski
- Division of Genomic Stability and DNA Repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles M Ponthier
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mette Ishoey
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tinghu Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph D Mancias
- Division of Genomic Stability and DNA Repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James E Bradner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eric S Fischer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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532
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Hupe MC, Hoda MR, Zengerling F, Perner S, Merseburger AS, Cronauer MV. The BET-inhibitor PFI-1 diminishes AR/AR-V7 signaling in prostate cancer cells. World J Urol 2018; 37:343-349. [PMID: 29934670 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-018-2382-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) family of proteins provides a scaffolding platform for the recruitment and tethering of transcription factors to acetylated chromatin, thereby modulating gene expression. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of the BET-inhibitor PFI-1 to diminish AR/AR-V7 signaling and proliferation in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. METHODS Prostate-specific antigen and androgen receptor (AR) protein were quantified by means of two commercial ELISAs. Transactivation of the AR, AR-V7 and Q641X was determined by reporter gene assays. Cell proliferation was measured using a colorimetric MTT-assay. RESULTS PFI-1 dose-dependently inhibited transactivation of full-length AR (non- mutated, i.e., wild-type or point-mutated/promiscuous forms) without affecting their cellular protein levels. Moreover, PFI-1 was active against C-terminally truncated constitutively active ARs like AR-V7 and Q641X. Prostate cancer cells exhibiting a transcriptionally active AR-signaling complex (LNCaP, 22Rv1) were more susceptible to the growth-inhibitory effects than the AR-negative PC-3 cells. CONCLUSION The quinazolinone PFI-1 is a highly efficient inhibitor of AR-signaling-competent prostate cancer cells in vitro. PFI-1 could serve as a lead compound for the development of new therapeutics able to block AR/AR-V7 signaling in advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie C Hupe
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - M Raschid Hoda
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Sven Perner
- Pathology of the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck and Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - Axel S Merseburger
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marcus V Cronauer
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany.
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533
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Itoh Y. Chemical Protein Degradation Approach and its Application to Epigenetic Targets. CHEM REC 2018; 18:1681-1700. [PMID: 29893461 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In addition to traditional drugs, such as enzyme inhibitors, receptor agonists/antagonists, and protein-protein interaction inhibitors as well as genetic technology, such as RNA interference and the CRISPR/Cas9 system, protein knockdown approaches using proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) have attracted much attention. PROTACs, which induce selective degradation of their target protein via the ubiquitin-proteasome system, are useful for the down-regulation of various proteins, including disease-related proteins and epigenetic proteins. Recent reports have shown that chemical protein knockdown is possible not only in cells, but also in vivo and this approach is expected to be used as the therapeutic strategy for several diseases. Thus, this approach may be a significant technique to complement traditional drugs and genetic ablation and will be more widely used for drug discovery and chemical biology studies in the future. In this personal account, a history of chemical protein knockdown is introduced, and its features, recent progress in the epigenetics field, and future outlooks are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Itoh
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 1-5 Shimogamohangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-0823, Japan
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534
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Kerres N, Steurer S, Schlager S, Bader G, Berger H, Caligiuri M, Dank C, Engen JR, Ettmayer P, Fischerauer B, Flotzinger G, Gerlach D, Gerstberger T, Gmaschitz T, Greb P, Han B, Heyes E, Iacob RE, Kessler D, Kölle H, Lamarre L, Lancia DR, Lucas S, Mayer M, Mayr K, Mischerikow N, Mück K, Peinsipp C, Petermann O, Reiser U, Rudolph D, Rumpel K, Salomon C, Scharn D, Schnitzer R, Schrenk A, Schweifer N, Thompson D, Traxler E, Varecka R, Voss T, Weiss-Puxbaum A, Winkler S, Zheng X, Zoephel A, Kraut N, McConnell D, Pearson M, Koegl M. Chemically Induced Degradation of the Oncogenic Transcription Factor BCL6. Cell Rep 2018; 20:2860-2875. [PMID: 28930682 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.08.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor BCL6 is a known driver of oncogenesis in lymphoid malignancies, including diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Disruption of its interaction with transcriptional repressors interferes with the oncogenic effects of BCL6. We used a structure-based drug design to develop highly potent compounds that block this interaction. A subset of these inhibitors also causes rapid ubiquitylation and degradation of BCL6 in cells. These compounds display significantly stronger induction of expression of BCL6-repressed genes and anti-proliferative effects than compounds that merely inhibit co-repressor interactions. This work establishes the BTB domain as a highly druggable structure, paving the way for the use of other members of this protein family as drug targets. The magnitude of effects elicited by this class of BCL6-degrading compounds exceeds that of our equipotent non-degrading inhibitors, suggesting opportunities for the development of BCL6-based lymphoma therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kerres
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, 1221 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Gerd Bader
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, 1221 Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Berger
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, 1221 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Christian Dank
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, 1221 Vienna, Austria
| | - John R Engen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter Ettmayer
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, 1221 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Daniel Gerlach
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, 1221 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Peter Greb
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, 1221 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Roxana E Iacob
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dirk Kessler
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, 1221 Vienna, Austria
| | - Heike Kölle
- Boehringer Ingelheim, MedChem, Structural Research, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397 Biberach, Germany
| | - Lyne Lamarre
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, 1221 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Simon Lucas
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, 1221 Vienna, Austria
| | - Moriz Mayer
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, 1221 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Mayr
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, 1221 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Katja Mück
- Boehringer Ingelheim, MedChem, Structural Research, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397 Biberach, Germany
| | | | | | - Ulrich Reiser
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, 1221 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Klaus Rumpel
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, 1221 Vienna, Austria
| | - Carina Salomon
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, 1221 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dirk Scharn
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, 1221 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Diane Thompson
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, 1221 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Roland Varecka
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, 1221 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tilman Voss
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, 1221 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Sandra Winkler
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, 1221 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Norbert Kraut
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, 1221 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Mark Pearson
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, 1221 Vienna, Austria
| | - Manfred Koegl
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, 1221 Vienna, Austria.
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535
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Buhimschi AD, Armstrong HA, Toure M, Jaime-Figueroa S, Chen TL, Lehman AM, Woyach JA, Johnson AJ, Byrd JC, Crews CM. Targeting the C481S Ibrutinib-Resistance Mutation in Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase Using PROTAC-Mediated Degradation. Biochemistry 2018; 57:3564-3575. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru D. Buhimschi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Haley A. Armstrong
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Momar Toure
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Saul Jaime-Figueroa
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Timothy L. Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Amy M. Lehman
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Woyach
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Amy J. Johnson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - John C. Byrd
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Craig M. Crews
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8066, United States
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536
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Bulatov E, Zagidullin A, Valiullina A, Sayarova R, Rizvanov A. Small Molecule Modulators of RING-Type E3 Ligases: MDM and Cullin Families as Targets. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:450. [PMID: 29867461 PMCID: PMC5951978 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a primary signaling pathway for regulation of intracellular protein levels. E3 ubiquitin ligases, substrate-specific members of the UPS, represent highly attractive protein targets for drug discovery. The importance of E3 ligases as prospective targets for small molecule modulation is reinforced by ever growing evidence of their role in cancer and other diseases. To date the number of potent compounds targeting E3 ligases remains rather low and their rational design constitutes a challenging task. To successfully address this problem one must take into consideration the multi-subunit nature of many E3 ligases that implies multiple druggable pockets and protein-protein interfaces. In this review, we briefly cover the current state of drug discovery in the field of RING-type E3 ligases with focus on MDM and Cullin families as targets. We also provide an overview of small molecule chimeras that induce RING-type E3-mediated proteasomal degradation of substrate proteins of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Bulatov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Almaz Zagidullin
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
| | - Aygul Valiullina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Regina Sayarova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Albert Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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537
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Nevedomskaya E, Baumgart SJ, Haendler B. Recent Advances in Prostate Cancer Treatment and Drug Discovery. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051359. [PMID: 29734647 PMCID: PMC5983695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel drugs, drug sequences and combinations have improved the outcome of prostate cancer in recent years. The latest approvals include abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide and apalutamide which target androgen receptor (AR) signaling, radium-223 dichloride for reduction of bone metastases, sipuleucel-T immunotherapy and taxane-based chemotherapy. Adding abiraterone acetate to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in order to achieve complete androgen blockade has proven highly beneficial for treatment of locally advanced prostate cancer and metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). Also, ADT together with docetaxel treatment showed significant benefit in mHSPC. Ongoing clinical trials for different subgroups of prostate cancer patients include the evaluation of the second-generation AR antagonists enzalutamide, apalutamide and darolutamide, of inhibitors of the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, of inhibitors of DNA damage response, of targeted alpha therapy and of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeting approaches. Advanced clinical studies with immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown limited benefits in prostate cancer and more trials are needed to demonstrate efficacy. The identification of improved, personalized treatments will be much supported by the major progress recently made in the molecular characterization of early- and late-stage prostate cancer using “omics” technologies. This has already led to novel classifications of prostate tumors based on gene expression profiles and mutation status, and should greatly help in the choice of novel targeted therapies best tailored to the needs of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Nevedomskaya
- Therapeutic Research Groups, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Müllerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Simon J Baumgart
- Therapeutic Research Groups, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Müllerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Bernard Haendler
- Therapeutic Research Groups, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Müllerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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538
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Li W, Gao C, Zhao L, Yuan Z, Chen Y, Jiang Y. Phthalimide conjugations for the degradation of oncogenic PI3K. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 151:237-247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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539
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Xue X, Zhang Y, Wang C, Zhang M, Xiang Q, Wang J, Wang A, Li C, Zhang C, Zou L, Wang R, Wu S, Lu Y, Chen H, Ding K, Li G, Xu Y. Benzoxazinone-containing 3,5-dimethylisoxazole derivatives as BET bromodomain inhibitors for treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 152:542-559. [PMID: 29758518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The bromodomain and extra-terminal proteins (BET) have emerged as promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). We report the design, synthesis and evaluation of a new series of benzoxazinone-containing 3,5-dimethylisoxazole derivatives as selective BET inhibitors. One of the new compounds, (R)-12 (Y02234), binds to BRD4(1) with a Kd value of 110 nM and blocks bromodomain and acetyl lysine interactions with an IC50 value of 100 nM. It also exhibits selectivity for BET over non-BET bromodomain proteins and demonstrates reasonable anti-proliferation and colony formation inhibition effect in prostate cancer cell lines such as 22Rv1 and C4-2B. The BRD4 inhibitor (R)-12 also significantly suppresses the expression of ERG, Myc and AR target gene PSA at the mRNA level in prostate cancer cells. Treatment with (R)-12 significantly suppresses the tumor growth of prostate cancer (TGI = 70%) in a 22Rv1-derived xenograft model. These data suggest that compound (R)-12 is a promising lead compound for the development of a new class of therapeutics for the treatment of CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436 China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436 China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436 China
| | - Maofeng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436 China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiuping Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436 China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junjian Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Anhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China; Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Chenchang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436 China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, No. 1266 Fujin Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436 China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, No. 1266 Fujin Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Lingjiao Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436 China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436 China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436 China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, No. 1266 Fujin Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yongzhi Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436 China
| | - Hongwu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ke Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guohui Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436 China.
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540
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Driscoll JJ, Brailey M. Emerging small molecule approaches to enhance the antimyeloma benefit of proteasome inhibitors. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2018; 36:585-598. [PMID: 29052093 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-017-9698-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal plasma cell malignancy which, despite recent treatment advances, remains incurable in the vast majority of the over 118,000 patients in the USA afflicted with this disease. Treatment of MM has dramatically improved in the past decade with the introduction of new drugs into therapeutic strategies in both the frontline and relapse settings that has led to a significant improvement in the median overall survival (OS). These drugs have been incorporated into clinical guidelines and transformed the treatment approach to MM. Numerous classes of antimyeloma agents, i.e., alkylators, steroids, proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents, deactylase inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies, are now FDA-approved and can be combined in doublet or triplet regimens. Moreover, many patients do not respond to therapy and those that do eventually relapse. Emerging therapies that may overcome drug resistance and improve MM treatment include that inhibit regulatory and Ub-processing components of the proteasome, a specialized variant of the proteasome known as the immunoproteasome, proteolysis-targeting chimeric molecules (PROTACS and Degronomids). Emerging strategies also include accessory plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), vaccines, checkpoint inhibitors, and chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T (CAR-T) cells. Advances in understanding proteasome and plasma cell biology may allow for earlier treatment of MM patients using rationally informed combination therapies with curative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Driscoll
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA. .,University of Cincinnati Cancer Institute, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Magen Brailey
- University of Cincinnati Cancer Institute, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.,McMicken College of Arts and Sciences, Biology, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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541
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Design and Synthesis of Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras for Inducing BRD4 Protein Degradation. Chem Res Chin Univ 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-018-7299-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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542
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Protein targeting chimeric molecules specific for bromodomain and extra-terminal motif family proteins are active against pre-clinical models of multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2018; 32:2224-2239. [PMID: 29581547 PMCID: PMC6160356 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0044-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) domain containing protein (BRD)-4 modulates the expression of oncogenes such as c-myc, and is a promising therapeutic target in diverse cancer types. We performed pre-clinical studies in myeloma models with bi-functional protein-targeting chimeric molecules (PROTACs) which target BRD4 and other BET family members for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. PROTACs potently reduced the viability of myeloma cell lines in a time- and concentration-dependent manner associated with G0/G1 arrest, reduced levels of CDKs 4 and 6, increased p21 levels, and induction of apoptosis. These agents specifically decreased cellular levels of downstream BRD4 targets, including c-MYC and N-MYC, and a Cereblon-targeting PROTAC showed downstream effects similar to those of an immunomodulatory agent. Notably, PROTACs overcame bortezomib, dexamethasone, lenalidomide, and pomalidomide resistance, and their activity was maintained in otherwise isogenic myeloma cells with wild-type or deleted TP53. Combination studies showed synergistic interactions with dexamethasone, BH3 mimetics, and Akt pathway inhibitors. BET-specific PROTACs induced a rapid loss of viability of primary cells from myeloma patients, and delayed growth of MM1.S-based xenografts. Our data demonstrate that BET degraders have promising activity against pre-clinical models of multiple myeloma, and support their translation to the clinic for patients with relapsed and/or refractory disease.
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543
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Zhang M, Zhang Y, Song M, Xue X, Wang J, Wang C, Zhang C, Li C, Xiang Q, Zou L, Wu X, Wu C, Dong B, Xue W, Zhou Y, Chen H, Wu D, Ding K, Xu Y. Structure-Based Discovery and Optimization of Benzo[d]isoxazole Derivatives as Potent and Selective BET Inhibitors for Potential Treatment of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC). J Med Chem 2018; 61:3037-3058. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maofeng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ming Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqian Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junjian Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Chao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, No. 1266 Fujin Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Chenchang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, No. 1266 Fujin Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Qiuping Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingjiao Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xishan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chun Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baijun Dong
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yulai Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, No. 1266 Fujin Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Hongwu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Donghai Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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544
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Welti J, Sharp A, Yuan W, Dolling D, Nava Rodrigues D, Figueiredo I, Gil V, Neeb A, Clarke M, Seed G, Crespo M, Sumanasuriya S, Ning J, Knight E, Francis JC, Hughes A, Halsey WS, Paschalis A, Mani RS, Raj GV, Plymate SR, Carreira S, Boysen G, Chinnaiyan AM, Swain A, de Bono JS. Targeting Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal (BET) Family Proteins in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC). Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:3149-3162. [PMID: 29555663 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-3571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Persistent androgen receptor (AR) signaling drives castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and confers resistance to AR-targeting therapies. Novel therapeutic strategies to overcome this are urgently required. We evaluated how bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) protein inhibitors (BETi) abrogate aberrant AR signaling in CRPC.Experimental Design: We determined associations between BET expression, AR-driven transcription, and patient outcome; and the effect and mechanism by which chemical BETi (JQ1 and GSK1210151A; I-BET151) and BET family protein knockdown regulates AR-V7 expression and AR signaling in prostate cancer models.Results: Nuclear BRD4 protein expression increases significantly (P ≤ 0.01) with castration resistance in same patient treatment-naïve (median H-score; interquartile range: 100; 100-170) and CRPC (150; 110-200) biopsies, with higher expression at diagnosis associating with worse outcome (HR, 3.25; 95% CI, 1.50-7.01; P ≤ 0.001). BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4 RNA expression in CRPC biopsies correlates with AR-driven transcription (all P ≤ 0.001). Chemical BETi, and combined BET family protein knockdown, reduce AR-V7 expression and AR signaling. This was not recapitulated by C-MYC knockdown. In addition, we show that BETi regulates RNA processing thereby reducing alternative splicing and AR-V7 expression. Furthermore, BETi reduce growth of prostate cancer cells and patient-derived organoids with known AR mutations, AR amplification and AR-V7 expression. Finally, BETi, unlike enzalutamide, decreases persistent AR signaling and growth (P ≤ 0.001) of a patient-derived xenograft model of CRPC with AR amplification and AR-V7 expression.Conclusions: BETi merit clinical evaluation as inhibitors of AR splicing and function, with trials demonstrating their blockade in proof-of-mechanism pharmacodynamic studies. Clin Cancer Res; 24(13); 3149-62. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Welti
- The Institute for Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Sharp
- The Institute for Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.,The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Yuan
- The Institute for Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Dolling
- The Institute for Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Veronica Gil
- The Institute for Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antje Neeb
- The Institute for Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Clarke
- The Institute for Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - George Seed
- The Institute for Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mateus Crespo
- The Institute for Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Semini Sumanasuriya
- The Institute for Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.,The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jian Ning
- The Institute for Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Knight
- The Institute for Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Alec Paschalis
- The Institute for Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.,The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ram S Mani
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ganesh V Raj
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | | | | | | | - Amanda Swain
- The Institute for Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Johann S de Bono
- The Institute for Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom. .,The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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545
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Jiang Y, Deng Q, Zhao H, Xie M, Chen L, Yin F, Qin X, Zheng W, Zhao Y, Li Z. Development of Stabilized Peptide-Based PROTACs against Estrogen Receptor α. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:628-635. [PMID: 29271628 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Peptide modulators targeting protein-protein interactions (PPIs) exhibit greater potential than small-molecule drugs in several important aspects including facile modification and relative large contact surface area. Stabilized peptides constructed by variable chemistry methods exhibit improved peptide stability and cell permeability compared to that of the linears. Herein, we designed a stabilized peptide-based proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) targeting estrogen receptor α (ERα) by tethering an N-terminal aspartic acid cross-linked stabilized peptide ERα modulator (TD-PERM) with a pentapeptide that binds the Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. The resulting heterobifunctional peptide (TD-PROTAC) selectively recruits ERα to the VHL E3 ligase complex, leading to the degradation of ERα in a proteasome-dependent manner. Compared with the control peptides, TD-PROTAC shows significantly enhanced activities in reducing the transcription of the ERα-downstream genes and inhibiting the proliferation of ERα-positive breast cancer cells. In addition, in vivo experiments indicate that TD-PROTAC leads to tumor regression in the MCF-7 mouse xenograft model. This work is a successful attempt to construct PROTACs based on cell-permeable stabilized peptides, which significantly broadens the chemical space of PROTACs and stabilized peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Jiang
- Key Lab of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qiwen Deng
- Key Lab of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Division of Life Sciences, Clarivate Analytics, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Mingsheng Xie
- Key Lab of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Longjian Chen
- Key Lab of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Feng Yin
- Key Lab of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xuan Qin
- Key Lab of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Weihao Zheng
- Key Lab of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yongjuan Zhao
- Key Lab of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zigang Li
- Key Lab of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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546
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Ohoka N, Morita Y, Nagai K, Shimokawa K, Ujikawa O, Fujimori I, Ito M, Hayase Y, Okuhira K, Shibata N, Hattori T, Sameshima T, Sano O, Koyama R, Imaeda Y, Nara H, Cho N, Naito M. Derivatization of inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) ligands yields improved inducers of estrogen receptor α degradation. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:6776-6790. [PMID: 29545311 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of proteins often underlies many diseases, including cancer. A recently developed approach in drug development is small molecule-mediated, selective degradation of dysregulated proteins. We have devised a protein-knockdown system that utilizes chimeric molecules termed specific and nongenetic IAP-dependent protein erasers (SNIPERs) to induce ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of various target proteins. SNIPER(ER)-87 consists of an inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) ligand LCL161 derivative that is conjugated to the estrogen receptor α (ERα) ligand 4-hydroxytamoxifen by a PEG linker, and we have previously reported that this SNIPER efficiently degrades the ERα protein. Here, we report that derivatization of the IAP ligand module yields SNIPER(ER)s with superior protein-knockdown activity. These improved SNIPER(ER)s exhibited higher binding affinities to IAPs and induced more potent degradation of ERα than does SNIPER(ER)-87. Further, they induced simultaneous degradation of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 (cIAP1) and delayed degradation of X-linked IAP (XIAP). Notably, these reengineered SNIPER(ER)s efficiently induced apoptosis in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells that require IAPs for continued cellular survival. We found that one of these molecules, SNIPER(ER)-110, inhibits the growth of MCF-7 tumor xenografts in mice more potently than the previously characterized SNIPER(ER)-87. Mechanistic analysis revealed that our novel SNIPER(ER)s preferentially recruit XIAP, rather than cIAP1, to degrade ERα. Our results suggest that derivatized IAP ligands could facilitate further development of SNIPERs with potent protein-knockdown and cytocidal activities against cancer cells requiring IAPs for survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobumichi Ohoka
- From the Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa 210-9501 and
| | - Yoko Morita
- the Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Katsunori Nagai
- the Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Shimokawa
- the Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Osamu Ujikawa
- the Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Ikuo Fujimori
- the Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ito
- the Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Youji Hayase
- the Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Okuhira
- From the Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa 210-9501 and
| | - Norihito Shibata
- From the Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa 210-9501 and
| | - Takayuki Hattori
- From the Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa 210-9501 and
| | - Tomoya Sameshima
- the Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Osamu Sano
- the Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Ryokichi Koyama
- the Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Imaeda
- the Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nara
- the Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Nobuo Cho
- the Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Mikihiko Naito
- From the Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa 210-9501 and
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547
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McBride MJ, Kadoch C. Disruption of mammalian SWI/SNF and polycomb complexes in human sarcomas: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. J Pathol 2018; 244:638-649. [PMID: 29359803 DOI: 10.1002/path.5042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Soft-tissue sarcomas are increasingly characterized and subclassified by genetic abnormalities that represent underlying drivers of their pathology. Hallmark tumor suppressor gene mutations and pathognomonic gene fusions collectively account for approximately one-third of all sarcomas. These genetic abnormalities most often result in global transcriptional misregulation via disruption of protein regulatory complexes which govern chromatin architecture. Specifically, alterations to mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF or BAF) ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes and polycomb repressive complexes cause disease-specific changes in chromatin architecture and gene expression across a number of sarcoma subtypes. Understanding the functions of chromatin regulatory complexes and the mechanisms underpinning their roles in oncogenesis will be required for the design and development of new therapeutic strategies in sarcomas. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J McBride
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Chemical Biology Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cigall Kadoch
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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548
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Robb CM, Contreras JI, Kour S, Taylor MA, Abid M, Sonawane YA, Zahid M, Murry DJ, Natarajan A, Rana S. Chemically induced degradation of CDK9 by a proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC). Chem Commun (Camb) 2018. [PMID: 28636052 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc03879h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9), a member of the cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) family, is involved in transcriptional elongation of several target genes. CDK9 is ubiquitously expressed and has been shown to contribute to a variety of malignancies such as pancreatic, prostate and breast cancers. Here we report the development of a heterobifunctional small molecule proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) capable of cereblon (CRBN) mediated proteasomal degradation of CDK9. In HCT116 cells, it selectively degrades CDK9 while sparing other CDK family members. This is the first example of a PROTAC that selectively degrades CDK9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Robb
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Omaha, Nebraska 68022, USA.
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549
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Coleman KG, Crews CM. Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras: Harnessing the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System to Induce Degradation of Specific Target Proteins. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY-SERIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030617-050430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Craig M. Crews
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology; Department of Chemistry; and Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
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550
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Sahni JM, Keri RA. Targeting bromodomain and extraterminal proteins in breast cancer. Pharmacol Res 2018; 129:156-176. [PMID: 29154989 PMCID: PMC5828951 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a collection of distinct tumor subtypes that are driven by unique gene expression profiles. These transcriptomes are controlled by various epigenetic marks that dictate which genes are expressed and suppressed. During carcinogenesis, extensive restructuring of the epigenome occurs, including aberrant acetylation, alteration of methylation patterns, and accumulation of epigenetic readers at oncogenes. As epigenetic alterations are reversible, epigenome-modulating drugs could provide a mechanism to silence numerous oncogenes simultaneously. Here, we review the impact of inhibitors of the Bromodomain and Extraterminal (BET) family of epigenetic readers in breast cancer. These agents, including the prototypical BET inhibitor JQ1, have been shown to suppress a variety of oncogenic pathways while inducing minimal, if any, toxicity in models of several subtypes of breast cancer. BET inhibitors also synergize with multiple approved anti-cancer drugs, providing a greater response in breast cancer cell lines and mouse models than either single agent. The combined findings of the studies discussed here provide an excellent rationale for the continued investigation of the utility of BET inhibitors in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Sahni
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Ruth A Keri
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; Department of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States.
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