59451
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Northcraft GB, Ashford SJ. The preservation of self in everyday life: The effects of performance expectations and feedback context on feedback inquiry. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN DECISION PROCESSES 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0749-5978(90)90046-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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59452
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59453
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Harris KL, Carnevale P. Chilling and hastening: The influence of third-party power and interests on negotiation. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN DECISION PROCESSES 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0749-5978(90)90050-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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59454
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Stock J, Cervone D. Proximal goal-setting and self-regulatory processes. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01172969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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59455
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Cooksey RW, Freebody P, Bennett AJ. THE ECOLOGY OF SPELLING: A LENS MODEL ANALYSIS OF SPELLING ERRORS AND STUDENT JUDGMENTS OF SPELLING DIFFICULTY. READING PSYCHOLOGY 1990. [DOI: 10.1080/0270271900110402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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59456
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Ho JL, Anderson U, Marchant G. Inference and Explanation: Assessing the Likelihood of Conjunctive Events. Psychol Rep 1990. [DOI: 10.2466/pr0.1990.67.2.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of increasing the salience of alternatives in the use of inference and explanation sets when evaluating the likelihood of conjunctive events. Response mode (ranking or rating of events) was used to manipulate the salience of alternatives in a professional judgment context using a standard conjunction task. Participants were 196 experienced professionals and 192 undergraduate students. There was a significant interaction for attribution set x response mode. The different in conjunction effects between an inference and an explanation set was not observed when subjects were asked to rank events rather than to rate their likelihood. This finding provides evidence that a model of causal reasoning should include evaluating the strength of alternatives as well as the necessity and sufficiency of a possible cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna L. Ho
- Graduate School of Management, University of California, Irvine
| | - Urton Anderson
- College of Business Administration, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Garry Marchant
- College of Business Administration, The University of Texas at Austin
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59457
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59458
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Curley SP, Connelly DP, Rich EC. Physicians' use of medical knowledge resources: preliminary theoretical framework and findings. Med Decis Making 1990; 10:231-41. [PMID: 2122168 DOI: 10.1177/0272989x9001000401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The recurring decision of selecting among potential knowledge resources was modeled as a cost-benefit tradeoff, with associated observable features. Internal medicine and community family practice physicians (n = 228) completed a self-administered questionnaire designed to elicit reported use and cost-benefit features of nine knowledge resources. The subjects reported most frequent use of clinical colleagues, intermediate use of textbooks and journals, and least use of indexing systems. Resources' benefit-related qualities (extensiveness and credibility) were not related to reported use. In contrast, the model's access cost variables (availability, searchability, understandability, and clinical applicability) were significantly related to use. Results were generally favorable to the model's framework of knowledge resource selection. Multiple linear regression analysis suggested that physicians' use of clinical knowledge resources could be described by the physician's level of training, availability, applicability, and the resource medium (colleague, index, or text/journal).
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Curley
- Department of Information Decision Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455
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59459
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CAMPION MICHAELA, BERGER CHRISJ. CONCEPTUAL INTEGRATION AND EMPIRICAL TEST OF JOB DESIGN AND COMPENSATION RELATIONSHIPS. PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY 1990. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-6570.1990.tb02395.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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59460
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TABER TOMD, TAYLOR ELISABETH. A REVIEW AND EVALUATION OF THE PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE JOB DIAGNOSTIC SURVEY. PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY 1990. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-6570.1990.tb02393.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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59461
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Clark DA. Verbal uncertainty expressions: A critical review of two decades of research. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02686861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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59462
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59463
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59464
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Influences of supervisor liking of a subordinate and the reward context on the treatment and evaluation of that subordinate. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00995570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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59465
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Operationalizing charismatic leadership using a levels-of-analysis framework. LEADERSHIP QUARTERLY 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/1048-9843(90)90020-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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59466
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Esser JK, Calvillo MJ, Scheel MR, Walker JL. Oligopoly Bargaining: Effects of Agreement Pressure and Opponent Strategies. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 1990. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1990.tb01471.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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59467
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Dunn DS, Wilson TD. When the Stakes are High: A Limit to the Illusion-of-Control Effect. SOCIAL COGNITION 1990. [DOI: 10.1521/soco.1990.8.3.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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59468
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BARTOL KATHRYNM, MARTIN DAVIDC. WHEN POLITICS PAYS: FACTORS INFLUENCING MANAGERIAL COMPENSATION DECISIONS. PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY 1990. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-6570.1990.tb02398.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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59469
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GIST MARILYNE, BAVETTA ANNAG, STEVENS CYNTHIAKAY. TRANSFER TRAINING METHOD: ITS INFLUENCE ON SKILL GENERALIZATION, SKILL REPETITION, AND PERFORMANCE LEVEL. PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY 1990. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-6570.1990.tb02394.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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59470
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59471
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Dyadic decisions with numerical and verbal probabilities. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN DECISION PROCESSES 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0749-5978(90)90031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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59472
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Bodenhausen GV. Second-Guessing the Jury: Stereotypic and Hindsight Biases in Perceptions of Court Cases1. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 1990. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1990.tb00394.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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59473
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Ruble TL, Cosier RA. Effects of cognitive styles and decision setting on performance. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN DECISION PROCESSES 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0749-5978(90)90033-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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59474
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Williams KJ, Cafferty TP, DeNisi AS. The effect of performance appraisal salience on recall and ratings. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN DECISION PROCESSES 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0749-5978(90)90030-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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59475
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Job attitudes and organizational withdrawal: An examination of retirement and other voluntary withdrawal behaviors. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0001-8791(90)90007-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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59476
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59477
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Boyce BA. Effects of Goal Specificity and Goal Difficulty upon Skill Acquisition of a Selected Shooting Task. Percept Mot Skills 1990. [DOI: 10.2466/pms.1990.70.3.1031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of goal specificity and goal difficulty upon skill acquisition of a selected shooting task Utilizing a two-stage sampling technique, nine classes (90 subjects) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: specific difficult goals, specific moderate goals, and generalized “do your best” goals. Following a pretest trial under a “do your best” condition, subjects performed five skill acquisition trials on a kneeling task under their assigned conditions. A 3×2×5 (Goal Groups × Sex × Trials) multivariate analysis of covariance with repeated measures on the last factor and pretest performance as the covariate indicated that the group with a specific difficult goal was significantly superior to the “do your best” group. There was also a significant main effect for trials, however, none of interactions were significant. The results are discussed as they relate to existing investigations in industrial, laboratory, and physical education situations.
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59478
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59479
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59480
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Komaki JL, Citera M. Beyond effective supervision: Identifying key interactions between superior and subordinate. LEADERSHIP QUARTERLY 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/1048-9843(90)90008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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59481
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“I could never have expected it to happen”: The reversal of the hindsight bias. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN DECISION PROCESSES 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0749-5978(90)90020-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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59482
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Self-regulating academic learning and achievement: The emergence of a social cognitive perspective. EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01322178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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59483
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Smith KG, Locke EA, Barry D. Goal setting, planning, and organizational performance: An experimental simulation. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN DECISION PROCESSES 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0749-5978(90)90025-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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59484
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Katzell RA, Thompson DE. An Integrative Model of Work Attitudes, Motivation, and Performance. HUMAN PERFORMANCE 1990. [DOI: 10.1207/s15327043hup0302_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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59485
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Rapoport A, Wallsten TS, Erev I, Cohen BL. Revision of opinion with verbally and numerically expressed uncertainties. Acta Psychol (Amst) 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0001-6918(90)90035-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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59486
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Van Wallendael LR, Hastie R. Tracing the footsteps of Sherlock Holmes: cognitive representations of hypothesis testing. Mem Cognit 1990; 18:240-50. [PMID: 2355855 DOI: 10.3758/bf03213878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A well-documented phenomenon in opinion-revision literature is subjects' failure to revise probability estimates for an exhaustive set of mutually exclusive hypotheses in a complementary manner. However, prior research has not addressed the question of whether such behavior simply represents a misunderstanding of mathematical rules, or whether it is a consequence of a cognitive representation of hypotheses that is at odds with the Bayesian notion of a set relationship. Two alternatives to the Bayesian representation, a belief system (Shafer, 1976) and a system of independent hypotheses, were proposed, and three experiments were conducted to examine cognitive representations of hypothesis sets in the testing of multiple competing hypotheses. Subjects were given brief murder mysteries to solve and allowed to request various types of information about the suspects; after having received each new piece of information, subjects rated each suspect's probability of being the murderer. Presence and timing of suspect eliminations were varied in the first two experiments; the final experiment involved the varying of percentages of clues that referred to more than one suspect (for example, all of the female suspects). The noncomplementarity of opinion revisions remained a strong phenomenon in all conditions. Information-search data refuted the idea that subjects represented hypotheses as a Bayesian set; further study of the independent hypotheses theory and Shaferian belief functions as descriptive models is encouraged.
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59487
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McDonald J. Some situational determinants of hypothesis-testing strategies. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-1031(90)90038-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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59488
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Kamouri AL, Balzer WK. The effects of performance sampling methods on frequency estimation, probability estimation, and evaluation of performance information. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN DECISION PROCESSES 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0749-5978(90)90016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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59489
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Tjosvold D. Power in Cooperative and Competitive Organizational Contexts. The Journal of Social Psychology 1990. [DOI: 10.1080/00224545.1990.9924575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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59490
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Gaining Power and Viability in Management Development
Programmes. LEADERSHIP & ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT JOURNAL 1990. [DOI: 10.1108/01437739010001301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The history of a management development programme in the Israel
Defence Forces (IDF) is presented. The programme was developed in
response to two problems which handicapped internal consultants in the
IDF, their low power position and the inappropriateness of organisation
development as a paradigm for applying behavioural sciences in this
organisation. Both problems were alleviated by institutionalising a
management development programme in the curriculum of two officer
schools of the IDF, and by changing behavioural scientists′ roles from
consultants to instructors.
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59491
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Problem structuring heuristics in strategic decision making. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN DECISION PROCESSES 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0749-5978(90)90009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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59492
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Huber VL, Northcraft GB, Neale MA. Effects of decision strategy and number of openings on employment selection decisions. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN DECISION PROCESSES 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0749-5978(90)90015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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59493
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Cleveland JN, Hollmann G. The effects of the age-type of tasks and incumbent age composition on job perceptions. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0001-8791(90)90026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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59494
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An empirical evaluation of the transitivity, monotonicity, accounting, and conjoint axioms for perceived risk. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN DECISION PROCESSES 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0749-5978(90)90014-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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59495
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Snelgar R. Stress and the Part-Time Student: Work Factors Associated with Failure Rate. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 1990. [DOI: 10.1177/008124639002000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between four variables, namely, role ambiguity, role conflict, the resultant stress, and failure rate of the working part-time student. All variables were significantly and positively intercorrelated, with highest correlations between failure rate, stress and ambiguity. The positive correlation between role conflict and failure rate lost significance when stress and role ambiguity were partialled out. Results suggest that a higher failure rate is associated with high work stress and high role ambiguity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.J. Snelgar
- Department of Industrial and Organisational Psychology, University of Port Elizabeth, P.O. Box 1600, Port Elizabeth 6000, Republic of South Africa
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59496
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Dennis AR, Heminger AR, Nunamaker J, Vogel DR. Bringing automated support to large groups: The Burr-Brown experience. INFORMATION & MANAGEMENT 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0378-7206(90)90065-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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59497
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Morrison EW, Weldon E. The Impact of an Assigned Performance Goal on Feedback Seeking Behavior. HUMAN PERFORMANCE 1990. [DOI: 10.1207/s15327043hup0301_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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59498
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Kraiger K, Teachout M. Generalizability Theory as Construct-Related Evidence of the Validity of Job Performance Ratings. HUMAN PERFORMANCE 1990. [DOI: 10.1207/s15327043hup0301_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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59499
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Baron RA. Environmentally Induced Positive Affect: Its Impact on Self-Efficacy, Task Performance, Negotiation, and Conflict1. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 1990. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1990.tb00417.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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59500
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