551
|
Yan X, Chi X, Wei P, Zhang M, Huang F. [n]Pseudorotaxanes (n= 2, 3) from Self-Assembly of Two Cryptands and a 1,2-Bis(4-pyridinium)ethane Derivative. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
552
|
Brassinne J, Fustin CA, Gohy JF. Polymer Gels Constructed Through Metal–Ligand Coordination. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-012-9757-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
553
|
Abstract
This tutorial review summarizes the progress made towards mechanically interlocked daisy chains. Such materials can be seen as a further development in polymer science, where the conventional covalent interlinking bonds are replaced by supramolecular binding concepts. Materials in which the mechanical bond is an integral part of the polymeric backbone are expected to possess unique macroscopic properties and are therefore the synthetic aim in an ever growing research community. After introducing general considerations about daisy chains, the most common analytic methods to get insight into the aggregation behaviour of such self-complementary monomers are presented. Cyclodextrins/aromatic rods, crown ethers/cationic rods and pillararenes/alkyl chains are systems used to achieve daisy chain-like molecular arrays. By comparison of the reported systems, conclusions about an improved structural design are drawn.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Rotzler
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johannsring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
554
|
Yu G, Zhang Z, He J, Abliz Z, Huang F. Cavity-Extended Pillar[5]arenes: Syntheses and Host-Guest Complexation with Paraquat and Bispyridinium Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
555
|
|
556
|
Ji X, Li J, Chen J, Chi X, Zhu K, Yan X, Zhang M, Huang F. Supramolecular Micelles Constructed by Crown Ether-Based Molecular Recognition. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301162s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jinying Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhuang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Chi
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Kelong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Feihe Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
557
|
Dong S, Zheng B, Xu D, Yan X, Zhang M, Huang F. A crown ether appended super gelator with multiple stimulus responsiveness. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:3191-3195. [PMID: 22605411 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201200837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A crown ether appended super gelator is designed and synthesized. It can gel a variety of organic solvents and shows excellent gelation properties with both low critical gelation concentration and short gelation time. Due to the introduction of the crown ether moiety and a secondary ammonium unit, the supramolecular gels show reversible gel-sol transitions. The supramolecular gels can also be molded into shape-persistent and free-standing objects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengyi Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
558
|
Buerkle LE, Rowan SJ. Supramolecular gels formed from multi-component low molecular weight species. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:6089-102. [PMID: 22677951 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35106d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 502] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Low molecular weight supramolecular gels consist of small molecules (gelators) that in an appropriate solvent self-assemble into nano- or micro-scale network structures resulting in the formation of a gel. Most supramolecular gels consist of two parts, namely the solvent and the gelator. However, the concept of multi-component supramolecular gels, in which more than one compound is added to the solvent, offers a facile way (e.g. by changing the ratio of the different components) to tailor the properties of the gel. The simplest multi-component gels consist of two components added to the solvent and are the most widely studied to date. There are three general classes of such multi-component gels that have been investigated. The first class requires all the added components to access the gel; that is, no component forms a gel on its own. A second class uses two (or more) gelators which can either co-assemble or self-sort into distinct assemblies and the final class consists of one (or more) gelator and one (or more) non-gelling additive which can impact the assembly process of the gelator and therefore the gel's properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Buerkle
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
559
|
Abstract
Supramolecular polymers are made of monomers that are held together by noncovalent interactions. This is the reason for the wide range of novel properties, such as reversibility and responses to stimuli, exhibited by supramolecular polymers. A range of supramolecular polymerization methods have been developed leading to a number of novel supramolecular materials. However, standard techniques for the characterization of supramolecular polymers have yet to be established. The dynamic nature of supramolecular polymers makes them difficult to be fully characterized using conventional polymer techniques. This tutorial review summarizes various methods for characterizing supramolecular polymers, including theoretical estimation, size exclusion chromatography, viscometry, light scattering, vapor pressure osmometry, mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy, scanning probe microscopy, electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy-based single molecule force spectroscopy. Each of these methods has its own particular advantages and disadvantages. Most of the methods are used to characterize the supramolecular polymer chain itself. However, some of the methods can be used to study the self-assembled state formed by supramolecular polymers. The characterization of a supramolecular polymer cannot be realized with a single method; a convincing conclusion relies on the combination of several different techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiliu Liu
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
560
|
Zhang M, Xu D, Yan X, Chen J, Dong S, Zheng B, Huang F. Self-Healing Supramolecular Gels Formed by Crown Ether Based Host-Guest Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:7011-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201203063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 620] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
561
|
Zhang M, Xu D, Yan X, Chen J, Dong S, Zheng B, Huang F. Self-Healing Supramolecular Gels Formed by Crown Ether Based Host-Guest Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201203063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
562
|
Yan X, Wang F, Zheng B, Huang F. Stimuli-responsive supramolecular polymeric materials. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:6042-65. [PMID: 22618080 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35091b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1171] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular materials, dynamic materials by nature, are defined as materials whose components are bridged via reversible connections and undergo spontaneous and continuous assembly/disassembly processes under specific conditions. On account of the dynamic and reversible nature of noncovalent interactions, supramolecular polymers have the ability to adapt to their environment and possess a wide range of intriguing properties, such as degradability, shape-memory, and self-healing, making them unique candidates for supramolecular materials. In this critical review, we address recent developments in supramolecular polymeric materials, which can respond to appropriate external stimuli at the fundamental level due to the existence of noncovalent interactions of the building blocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhou Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
563
|
Ji X, Zhu K, Yan X, Ma Y, Li J, Hu B, Yu Y, Huang F. pH-Responsive Supramolecular Polymerization in Aqueous Media Driven by Electrostatic Attraction-Enhanced Crown Ether-Based Molecular Recognition. Macromol Rapid Commun 2012; 33:1197-202. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201200117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
564
|
Han C, Yu G, Zheng B, Huang F. Complexation between Pillar[5]arenes and a Secondary Ammonium Salt. Org Lett 2012; 14:1712-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol300284c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyou Han
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Guocan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Feihe Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
565
|
Yan X, Wu X, Wei P, Zhang M, Huang F. A chemical-responsive bis(m-phenylene)-32-crown-10/2,7-diazapyrenium salt [2]pseudorotaxane. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:8201-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc33783e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
566
|
Yuan J, Fang X, Zhang L, Hong G, Lin Y, Zheng Q, Xu Y, Ruan Y, Weng W, Xia H, Chen G. Multi-responsive self-healing metallo-supramolecular gels based on “click” ligand. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm31347b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
567
|
Li SL, Xiao T, Lin C, Wang L. Advanced supramolecular polymers constructed by orthogonal self-assembly. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:5950-68. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35099h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
568
|
Chen J, Yan X, Zhao Q, Li L, Huang F. Adjustable supramolecular polymer microstructures fabricated by the breath figure method. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1py00438g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
569
|
Yan X, Wei P, Xia B, Huang F, Zhou Q. Pseudorotaxanes from self-assembly of two crown ether-based cryptands and a 1,2-bis(pyridinium) ethane derivative. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:4968-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc31374j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
570
|
Chen J, Yan X, Chi X, Wu X, Zhang M, Han C, Hu B, Yu Y, Huang F. Dual-responsive crown ether-based supramolecular chain extended polymers. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20323e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|