551
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Factors contributing to anxious driving behavior: the role of stress history and accident severity. J Anxiety Disord 2011; 25:592-8. [PMID: 21377829 PMCID: PMC3075497 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Although fear and travel avoidance among anxious drivers are well documented, relatively little is known about the behavior of anxious individuals who continue to drive. Previous research has identified three broad domains of anxious driving behavior: exaggerated safety/caution behaviors, anxiety-based performance deficits, and hostile/aggressive driving behaviors. In an effort to explicate factors associated with the development of anxious driving behavior, associations with objective accident severity, accident-related distress, and life stress history were explored among individuals reporting accident involvement (N=317). Interactive effects of accident distress and self-reported stress history were noted across all three domains of anxious driving behavior. Examination of these effects indicates unique associations between accident distress and anxious behavior only in those reporting more severe life stress. Consistent with contemporary models of anxiety, these data suggest stress history may serve as a general vulnerability factor for development of anxious driving behavior following accident involvement.
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553
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Nguyen C, Bérezné A, Baubet T, Mestre-Stanislas C, Rannou F, Papelard A, Morell-Dubois S, Revel M, Guillevin L, Poiraudeau S, Mouthon L. Association of gender with clinical expression, quality of life, disability, and depression and anxiety in patients with systemic sclerosis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17551. [PMID: 21408076 PMCID: PMC3052319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the association of gender with clinical expression, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), disability, and self-reported symptoms of depression and anxiety in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). METHODS SSc patients fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology and/or the Leroy and Medsger criteria were assessed for clinical symptoms, disability, HRQoL, self-reported symptoms of depression and anxiety by specific measurement scales. RESULTS Overall, 381 SSc patients (62 males) were included. Mean age and disease duration at the time of evaluation were 55.9 (13.3) and 9.5 (7.8) years, respectively. One-hundred-and-forty-nine (40.4%) patients had diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc). On bivariate analysis, differences were observed between males and females for clinical symptoms and self-reported symptoms of depression and anxiety, however without reaching statistical significance. Indeed, a trend was found for higher body mass index (BMI) (25.0 [4.1] vs 23.0 [4.5], p = 0.013), more frequent dcSSc, echocardiography systolic pulmonary artery pressure >35 mmHg and interstitial lung disease in males than females (54.8% vs 37.2%, p = 0.010; 24.2% vs 10.5%, p = 0.003; and 54.8% vs 41.2%, p = 0.048, respectively), whereas calcinosis and self-reported anxiety symptoms tended to be more frequent in females than males (36.0% vs 21.4%, p = 0.036, and 62.3% vs 43.5%, p = 0.006, respectively). On multivariate analysis, BMI, echocardiography PAP>35 mmHg, and anxiety were the variables most closely associated with gender. CONCLUSIONS In SSc patients, male gender tends to be associated with diffuse disease and female gender with calcinosis and self-reported symptoms of anxiety. Disease-associated disability and HRQoL were similar in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Nguyen
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Pôle de Médecine Interne, Centre de Référence pour les Vascularites Nécrosantes et la Sclérodermie Systémique, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Institut Fédératif de Recherche sur le Handicap, Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Alice Bérezné
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Pôle de Médecine Interne, Centre de Référence pour les Vascularites Nécrosantes et la Sclérodermie Systémique, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Thierry Baubet
- Université Paris XIII, EA 3413, Service de Psychopathologie, Hôpital Avicenne, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
| | - Caroline Mestre-Stanislas
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Pôle de Médecine Interne, Centre de Référence pour les Vascularites Nécrosantes et la Sclérodermie Systémique, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - François Rannou
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Institut Fédératif de Recherche sur le Handicap, Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Agathe Papelard
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Institut Fédératif de Recherche sur le Handicap, Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Morell-Dubois
- Université Lille 2, Service de Médecine Interne, Centre de Référence pour la Sclérodermie Systémique, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille, France
| | - Michel Revel
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Institut Fédératif de Recherche sur le Handicap, Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Loïc Guillevin
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Pôle de Médecine Interne, Centre de Référence pour les Vascularites Nécrosantes et la Sclérodermie Systémique, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Serge Poiraudeau
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Institut Fédératif de Recherche sur le Handicap, Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Luc Mouthon
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Pôle de Médecine Interne, Centre de Référence pour les Vascularites Nécrosantes et la Sclérodermie Systémique, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
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554
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Jovanović AA, Ivković M, Gašić MJ. Posttraumatic stress disorder in a World War II concentration camp survivor caused by the attack of two German shepherd dogs: case report and review of the literature. Forensic Sci Int 2011; 208:e15-9. [PMID: 21388760 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Revised: 01/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A 79-year-old woman suffered from acute posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and a loco typico, non-displaced fracture of her right distal radius due to an incident involving the assault of two unleashed owned dogs, which suddenly ran into her and aggressively jumped on her chest and knocked her down to the ground. Recovery for her damage claim concerning pain and disability due to her right forearm fracture caused by the incident, was not the issue in the litigation concerned. However, the issue of delayed impact of her previous Holocaust experience placed a significant challenge on M.N., as a plaintiff, in establishing a causal link between the posttraumatic stress disorder concerned and the alleged harmful action of the defendants, the owners of the two dogs. The case reported here proved interesting and instructive not only in the sense of addressing main issues relevant to litigation for psychological damage related to reactivated PTSD and delayed PTSD, but also in the sense of pointing at the clinical relevance of dog assaults on humans which, even without dog bite injuries, may result in a severe traumatization and eventual civil lawsuit.
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555
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Laarakker MC, van Lith HA, Ohl F. Behavioral characterization of A/J and C57BL/6J mice using a multidimensional test: association between blood plasma and brain magnesium-ion concentration with anxiety. Physiol Behav 2010; 102:205-19. [PMID: 21036185 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Up to 29% of all adults will experience an anxiety-related disorder during their lives. Treatment of these disorders is still difficult and the exact mechanisms and pathways behind anxiety disorders remain to be elucidated. Although evidence exists for genetically based susceptibility of human psychiatric diseases, risk genes have rarely been identified up to now. Inbred mouse strains are, together with the crosses and genetic reference populations derived from them, important tools for the genetic dissection of complex behavioral traits in the mouse. Thus, inbred mouse models of human anxiety may be a potent starting tool to search for candidate genes in mice, which could then via comparative genomics be translated to the human situation. In this paper we investigate whether the A/J and C57BL/6J mouse inbred strains differ in a limited number of motivational systems (anxiety, exploration, memory, locomotion, and social affinity), but especially in anxiety-related behavior from each other. Young adult individuals from both genders of A/J and C57BL/6J strains were behaviorally phenotyped using a multidimensional test: the modified hole board. This paradigm basically is a combination of the traditional hole board and the open field test allowing to test for anxiety-related avoidance behavior, risk assessment, arousal, exploration, memory, locomotor activity, and social affinity, using just one single test. An acute, aversive stimulus (intra-peritoneal injection with saline) was applied to the animals to test for the robustness of their behavioral phenotype. In addition, presumed physiological indicators for anxiety (circulating glucose, cholesterol, and corticosterone, adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase, and blood plasma and brain magnesium) were investigated. It could be concluded that C57BL/6J and A/J mice differ with respect to almost all tested motivational systems. For some measures, including anxiety-related behavioral parameters, there were clear gender effects. The high-anxiety phenotype of A/J mice could be shown to represent a primary and robust characteristic. Further, blood plasma and brain magnesium levels were significantly correlated with several anxiety-related behavioral parameters. These results emphasize the hypothesized, and possibly causal, association between magnesium status and emotionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke C Laarakker
- Division of Animal Welfare & Laboratory Animal Science, Department of Animals in Science and Society, Program Emotion and Cognition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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556
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The relation between personality and the realism in confidence judgements in older adults. Eur J Ageing 2010; 7:283-291. [PMID: 28798634 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-010-0164-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the relation between personality factors, as measured by the Swedish version of the NEO-FFI questionnaire, and the realism in older adults' (aged 60-93 years, n = 1,384) probability confidence judgements of their answers to general knowledge questions. The results showed very small effect sizes for the contribution of the personality variables to the fit between the proportion correct answers and the level of one's confidence judgements. Although personality differed somewhat within the age span studied and between the genders no differences were found in the relation between the dimensions of the NEO-FFI and the degree of realism in the confidence judgements as a function of age or gender. In total, the results show a significant but very small effect of personality on the realism in older adults' confidence judgements of their semantic knowledge.
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557
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McLean CP, Hope DA. Subjective anxiety and behavioral avoidance: Gender, gender role, and perceived confirmability of self-report. J Anxiety Disord 2010; 24:494-502. [PMID: 20381303 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Revised: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Commonly reported gender effects for differential vulnerability for anxiety may relate to gender socialization processes. The present study examined the relationship between gender role and fear under experimental conditions designed to elicit accurate fear reporting. Undergraduate students (N=119) completed several self-report measures and a behavioral avoidance task (BAT) with a tarantula while wearing a heart rate monitor. Gender roles were operationalized as instrumentality and expressiveness, as measured by the Personal Attributes Questionnaire (Spence, Helmreich, & Stapp, 1975). As expected, women reported greater subjective anxiety and were more avoidant of the tarantula than men. Regardless of gender, low levels of instrumentality were associated with greater avoidance of the tarantula. The hypothesis that men underreport fear compared to women and that gender role differences underlie this reporting bias was not supported. In spite of a ceiling effect on the BAT, results of this study confirm the relevance of gender role in understanding gender effects in fear and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen P McLean
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, USA.
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558
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Finucane AM, Power MJ. The effect of fear on attentional processing in a sample of healthy females. J Anxiety Disord 2010; 24:42-8. [PMID: 19729280 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2009] [Revised: 08/05/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present experiment examines the effect of fear on efficiency of three attention networks: executive attention, orienting and alerting, in a healthy female sample. International Affective Picture System (IAPS) images were used to elicit both a fear response and a non-emotional response in 100 participants. During the emotion manipulation, participants performed a modified version of the Attention Network Test (ANT). Results showed enhanced executive attention in the fear condition compared to the control condition. Specifically, during a fear experience participants were better able to inhibit irrelevant information resulting in faster response times to a target. There was no effect of fear on orienting while the effect of fear on alerting was inconclusive. It is suggested that enhanced executive attention in fear-eliciting situations may function to focus attention on a potentially threat-related target, thus facilitating subsequent rapid responding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Finucane
- School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, Scotland, UK.
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