651
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Muñoz S, Méndez J. DNA replication stress: from molecular mechanisms to human disease. Chromosoma 2016; 126:1-15. [PMID: 26797216 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-016-0573-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The genome of proliferating cells must be precisely duplicated in each cell division cycle. Chromosomal replication entails risks such as the possibility of introducing breaks and/or mutations in the genome. Hence, DNA replication requires the coordinated action of multiple proteins and regulatory factors, whose deregulation causes severe developmental diseases and predisposes to cancer. In recent years, the concept of "replicative stress" (RS) has attracted much attention as it impinges directly on genomic stability and offers a promising new avenue to design anticancer therapies. In this review, we summarize recent progress in three areas: (1) endogenous and exogenous factors that contribute to RS, (2) molecular mechanisms that mediate the cellular responses to RS, and (3) the large list of diseases that are directly or indirectly linked to RS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Muñoz
- DNA Replication Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Méndez
- DNA Replication Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, E-28029, Madrid, Spain.
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652
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Simoneau A, Ricard É, Weber S, Hammond-Martel I, Wong LH, Sellam A, Giaever G, Nislow C, Raymond M, Wurtele H. Chromosome-wide histone deacetylation by sirtuins prevents hyperactivation of DNA damage-induced signaling upon replicative stress. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:2706-26. [PMID: 26748095 PMCID: PMC4824096 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome encodes five sirtuins (Sir2 and Hst1-4), which constitute a conserved family of NAD-dependent histone deacetylases. Cells lacking any individual sirtuin display mild growth and gene silencing defects. However, hst3Δ hst4Δ double mutants are exquisitely sensitive to genotoxins, and hst3Δ hst4Δ sir2Δmutants are inviable. Our published data also indicate that pharmacological inhibition of sirtuins prevents growth of several fungal pathogens, although the biological basis is unclear. Here, we present genome-wide fitness assays conducted with nicotinamide (NAM), a pan-sirtuin inhibitor. Our data indicate that NAM treatment causes yeast to solicit specific DNA damage response pathways for survival, and that NAM-induced growth defects are mainly attributable to inhibition of Hst3 and Hst4 and consequent elevation of histone H3 lysine 56 acetylation (H3K56ac). Our results further reveal that in the presence of constitutive H3K56ac, the Slx4 scaffolding protein and PP4 phosphatase complex play essential roles in preventing hyperactivation of the DNA damage-response kinase Rad53 in response to spontaneous DNA damage caused by reactive oxygen species. Overall, our data support the concept that chromosome-wide histone deacetylation by sirtuins is critical to mitigate growth defects caused by endogenous genotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Simoneau
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, 5415 Assomption boulevard, Montreal, H1T 2M4, Canada Molecular biology program, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Étienne Ricard
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, 5415 Assomption boulevard, Montreal, H1T 2M4, Canada Molecular biology program, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Sandra Weber
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Ian Hammond-Martel
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, 5415 Assomption boulevard, Montreal, H1T 2M4, Canada Molecular biology program, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Lai Hong Wong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Adnane Sellam
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre-CRI, CHU de Québec Research Center (CHUQ), Université Laval, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada Department of Microbiology-Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Guri Giaever
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Corey Nislow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Martine Raymond
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, H3C 3J7, Canada Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Hugo Wurtele
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, 5415 Assomption boulevard, Montreal, H1T 2M4, Canada Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, Canada
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653
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Pauwels EK, Foray N, Bourguignon MH. Breast Cancer Induced by X-Ray Mammography Screening? A Review Based on Recent Understanding of Low-Dose Radiobiology. Med Princ Pract 2016; 25:101-9. [PMID: 26571215 PMCID: PMC5588356 DOI: 10.1159/000442442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Screening mammography offers the possibility of discovering malignant diseases at an early stage, which is consequently treated early, thereby reducing the mortality rate. However, ionizing radiation as used in low-dose X-ray mammography may be associated with a risk of radiation-induced carcinogenesis. In the context of the harmful effects of ionizing radiation, this article reviewed novel radiobiological data and provided a simulation of the relative incidence of radiation-induced breast cancer due to screening against a background baseline incidence in a population of 100,000 individuals. The use of modern digital mammographic technology was assumed, giving rise to a glandular dose of 2.5 mGy from a 2-view per breast image. Assuming no latency time, this led to a ratio of induced incidence rate over baseline incidence rate of about 1.6‰ for biennial screening in women aged 50-74 years, although it cannot be excluded that the dose and dose rate effectiveness factor values relying on new radiobiological insights may lower this number to about 0.7‰. This carcinogenic risk is considered small in relation to the potential beneficial effects of screening, especially as latency time was not taken into consideration. However, individuals who are known to be carriers of risk-increasing genetic variations and/or have an inherited disposition of breast cancer should avoid ionizing radiation as much as possible and should be referred to ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, a significant, but difficult to quantify, risk of cancer is present for individuals who suffer from hypersusceptibility to ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest K.J. Pauwels
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Leiden, Leiden
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical School Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- *Prof. emer. Dr. E.K.J. Pauwels, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Via di San Gennaro 79B, IT—55010 Capannori (Italy), E-Mail
| | - Nicolas Foray
- Department of Radiobiology INSERM, UMR1052, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon
| | - Michel H. Bourguignon
- Department of Biophysics, University of Versailles, Paris, France
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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654
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A Timeless Link Between Circadian Patterns and Disease. Trends Mol Med 2016; 22:68-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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655
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Lin CC, Mitra R, Cheng F, Zhao Z. A cross-cancer differential co-expression network reveals microRNA-regulated oncogenic functional modules. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2015; 11:3244-52. [PMID: 26448606 PMCID: PMC4643368 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00443h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that can regulate their target gene expressions at the post-transcriptional level. Moreover, they have been reported as either oncomirs or tumor suppressors and possess therapeutic potential in cancer. In this study, we investigated differential co-expression of miRNAs across four cancer types. We observed that the loss of positive co-expressions among miRNAs frequently occurs in the studied cancer types. This observation suggests that the disruption of positive co-expressions among miRNAs may be prevalent during tumorigenesis. By systematically collecting these lost positive co-expressions among miRNAs in cancer, we constructed a cross-cancer miRNA differential co-expression network. We observed that the influential miRNAs in the proposed network, i.e., hubs or in larger cliques, tended to be involved in more cancer types than other miRNAs. Moreover, we found that miRNAs which lose their positive co-expressions in cancers might co-contribute to cancer development, and even could be used to predict the cancer types in which miRNAs were involved. Finally, we identified two potential miRNA-regulated onco-modules, mitosis and DNA replication, that are associated with poor survival outcomes in patients across multiple cancers. Collectively, our study suggested that the disruption of miRNA positive co-expression in cancer might contribute to cancer development. Our findings also form an important basis for identifying miRNAs with potential co-contribution to carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Ching Lin
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA. and Institute of BioMedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ramkrishna Mitra
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA. and Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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656
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HSF1: Guardian of Proteostasis in Cancer. Trends Cell Biol 2015; 26:17-28. [PMID: 26597576 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proteomic instability is causally related to human diseases. In guarding proteome stability, the heat shock factor 1 (HSF1)-mediated proteotoxic stress response plays a pivotal role. Contrasting with its beneficial role of enhancing cell survival, recent findings have revealed a compelling pro-oncogenic role for HSF1. However, the mechanisms underlying the persistent activation and function of HSF1 within malignancy remain poorly understood. Emerging evidence reveals that oncogenic signaling mobilizes HSF1 and that cancer cells rely on HSF1 to avert proteomic instability and repress tumor-suppressive amyloidogenesis. In aggregate, these new developments suggest that cancer cells endure chronic proteotoxic stress and that proteomic instability is intrinsically associated with the malignant state, a characteristic that could be exploited to combat cancer.
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657
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Sun P, Du J, Zhu X, Ren C, Xie L, Dai N, Gu Y, Yan C, Dai J, Ma H, Jiang Y, Chen J, Hu Z, Shen H, Wu H, Jin G. Genetic Variation in the 3'-Untranslated Region of NBN Gene Is Associated with Gastric Cancer Risk in a Chinese Population. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139059. [PMID: 26402912 PMCID: PMC4581712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
NBN plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis as a core component for both homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair pathways. Genetic variants in the NBN gene have been associated with multiple cancers risk, suggesting pleiotropic effect on cancer. We hypothesized that genetic variants in the NBN gene may modify the risk of gastric cancer. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the association between four potentially functional single nucleotide polymorphisms in NBN and gastric cancer risk in a case-control study of 1,140 gastric cancer cases and 1,547 controls in a Chinese population. We found that the A allele of rs10464867 (G>A) was significantly associated with a decreased risk of gastric cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 0.81, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.71-0.94; P = 4.71×10-3). Furthermore, the association between A allele of rs10464867 and decreased risk of gastric cancer was more significantly in elder individuals (per-allele OR = 0.72[0.59-0.88], P = 1.07×10-3), and male individuals (per-allele OR = 0.73[0.62-0.87], P = 3.68×10-4). We further conducted a haplotype analysis and identified that the NBN Ars10464867Grs14448Grs1063053 haplotype conferred stronger protective effect on gastric cancer (OR = 0.76[0.65-0.89], P = 6.39×10-4). In summary, these findings indicate that genetic variants at NBN gene may contribute to gastric cancer susceptibility and may further advance our understanding of NBN gene in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Sun
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi 214006, China
| | - Jiangbo Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chuanli Ren
- Medical Lab, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Lan Xie
- Medical Systems Biology Research Center, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ningbin Dai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yayun Gu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Caiwang Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Juncheng Dai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jiaping Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Haorong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
- * E-mail: (GJ); (HW)
| | - Guangfu Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- * E-mail: (GJ); (HW)
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658
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Santos-Pereira JM, Aguilera A. R loops: new modulators of genome dynamics and function. Nat Rev Genet 2015; 16:583-97. [PMID: 26370899 DOI: 10.1038/nrg3961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 517] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
R loops are nucleic acid structures composed of an RNA-DNA hybrid and a displaced single-stranded DNA. Recently, evidence has emerged that R loops occur more often in the genome and have greater physiological relevance, including roles in transcription and chromatin structure, than was previously predicted. Importantly, however, R loops are also a major threat to genome stability. For this reason, several DNA and RNA metabolism factors prevent R-loop formation in cells. Dysfunction of these factors causes R-loop accumulation, which leads to replication stress, genome instability, chromatin alterations or gene silencing, phenomena that are frequently associated with cancer and a number of genetic diseases. We review the current knowledge of the mechanisms controlling R loops and their putative relationship with disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Santos-Pereira
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo Vespucio s/n, Seville 41092, Spain
| | - Andrés Aguilera
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo Vespucio s/n, Seville 41092, Spain
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659
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Jo U, Kim H. Exploiting the Fanconi Anemia Pathway for Targeted Anti-Cancer Therapy. Mol Cells 2015; 38:669-76. [PMID: 26194820 PMCID: PMC4546938 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome instability, primarily caused by faulty DNA repair mechanisms, drives tumorigenesis. Therapeutic interventions that exploit deregulated DNA repair in cancer have made considerable progress by targeting tumor-specific alterations of DNA repair factors, which either induces synthetic lethality or augments the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The study of Fanconi anemia (FA), a rare inherited blood disorder and cancer predisposition syndrome, has been instrumental in understanding the extent to which DNA repair defects contribute to tumorigenesis. The FA pathway functions to resolve blocked replication forks in response to DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs), and accumulating knowledge of its activation by the ubiquitin-mediated signaling pathway has provided promising therapeutic opportunities for cancer treatment. Here, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of FA pathway regulation and its potential application for designing tailored therapeutics that take advantage of deregulated DNA ICL repair in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ukhyun Jo
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, New York 11794,
USA
| | - Hyungjin Kim
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, New York 11794,
USA
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