751
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Rousseaux S, Gorelsky SI, Chung BKW, Fagnou K. Investigation of the mechanism of C(sp3)-H bond cleavage in Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular alkane arylation adjacent to amides and sulfonamides. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:10692-705. [PMID: 20681702 DOI: 10.1021/ja103081n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of C(sp(3))-H bonds adjacent to a nitrogen atom can be tuned to allow intramolecular alkane arylation under Pd(0) catalysis. Diminishing the Lewis basicity of the nitrogen lone pair is crucial for this catalytic activity. A range of N-methylamides and sulfonamides react exclusively at primary C(sp(3))-H bonds to afford the products of alkane arylation in good yields. The isolation of a Pd(II) reaction intermediate has enabled an evaluation of the reaction mechanism with a focus on the role of the bases in the C(sp(3))-H bond cleaving step. The results of these stoichiometric studies, together with kinetic isotope effect experiments, provide rare experimental support for a concerted metalation-deprotonation (CMD) transition state, which has previously been proposed in alkane C(sp(3))-H arylation. Moreover, DFT calculations have uncovered the additional role of the pivalate additive as a promoter of phosphine dissociation from the Pd(II) intermediate, enabling the CMD transition state. Finally, kinetic studies were performed, revealing the reaction rate expression and its relationship with the concentration of pivalate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Rousseaux
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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752
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Rousseaux S, Davi M, Sofack-Kreutzer J, Pierre C, Kefalidis CE, Clot E, Fagnou K, Baudoin O. Intramolecular palladium-catalyzed alkane C-H arylation from aryl chlorides. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:10706-16. [PMID: 20681703 DOI: 10.1021/ja1048847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first examples of efficient and general palladium-catalyzed intramolecular C(sp(3))-H arylation of (hetero)aryl chlorides, giving rise to a variety of valuable cyclobutarenes, indanes, indolines, dihydrobenzofurans, and indanones, are described. The use of aryl and heteroaryl chlorides significantly improves the scope of C(sp(3))-H arylation by facilitating the preparation of reaction substrates. Careful optimization studies have shown that the palladium ligand and the base/solvent combination are crucial to obtaining the desired class of product in high yields. Overall, three sets of reaction conditions employing P(t)Bu(3), PCyp(3), or PCy(3) as the palladium ligand and K(2)CO(3)/DMF or Cs(2)CO(3)/pivalic acid/mesitylene as the base/solvent combination allowed five different classes of products to be accessed using this methodology. In total, more than 40 examples of C-H arylation have been performed successfully. When several types of C(sp(3))-H bond were present in the substrate, the arylation was found to occur regioselectively at primary C-H bonds vs secondary or tertiary positions. In addition, in the presence of several primary C-H bonds, selectivity trends correlate with the size of the palladacyclic intermediate, with five-membered rings being favored over six- and seven-membered rings. Regio- and diastereoselectivity issues were studied computationally in the prototypal case of indane formation. DFT(B3PW91) calculations demonstrated that C-H activation is the rate-determining step and that the creation of a C-H agostic interaction, increasing the acidity of a geminal C-H bond, is a critical factor for the regiochemistry control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Rousseaux
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
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753
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Wang J, Zhou P, Wang Y. Selective sp3 C-H Bond Activation Based on a Carbocation Relay: Friedel-Crafts Reaction with Alkanes as the Alkylating Component. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201001118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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754
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Prokopcová H, Bergman SD, Aelvoet K, Smout V, Herrebout W, Van der Veken B, Meerpoel L, Maes BUW. C-2 Arylation of Piperidines through Directed Transition-Metal-Catalyzed sp3CH Activation. Chemistry 2010; 16:13063-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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755
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Yang F, Li J, Xie J, Huang ZZ. Copper-Catalyzed Cross Dehydrogenative Coupling Reactions of Tertiary Amines with Ketones or Indoles. Org Lett 2010; 12:5214-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol102252n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, College of Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, College of Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Jin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, College of Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Zhen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, College of Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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756
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Aguilar D, Navarro R, Soler T, Urriolabeitia EP. Regioselective functionalization of iminophosphoranes through Pd-mediated C-H bond activation: C-C and C-X bond formation. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:10422-31. [PMID: 20927428 DOI: 10.1039/c003241g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The orthopalladation of iminophosphoranes [R(3)P=N-C(10)H(7)-1] (R(3) = Ph(3) 1, p-Tol(3) 2, PhMe(2) 3, Ph(2)Me 4, N-C(10)H(7)-1 = 1-naphthyl) has been studied. It occurs regioselectively at the aryl ring bonded to the P atom in 1 and 2, giving endo-[Pd(μ-Cl)(C(6)H(4)-(PPh(2=N-1-C(10)H(7))-2)-κ-C,N](2) (5) or endo-[Pd(μ-Cl)(C(6)H(3)-(P(p-Tol)(2)=N-C(10)H(7)-1)-2-Me-5)-κ-C,N](2) (6), while in 3 the 1-naphthyl group is metallated instead, giving exo-[Pd(μ-Cl)(C(10)H(6)-(N=PPhMe(2))-8)-κ-C,N](2) (7). In the case of 4, orthopalladation at room temperature affords the kinetic exo isomer [Pd(μ-Cl)(C(10)H(6)-(N=PPh(2)Me)-8)-κ-C,N](2) (11exo), while a mixture of 11exo and the thermodynamic endo isomer [Pd(μ-Cl)(C(6)H(4)-(PPhMe=N-C(10)H(7)-1)-2)-κ-C,N](2) (11endo) is obtained in refluxing toluene. The heating in toluene of the acetate bridge dimer [Pd(μ-OAc)(C(10)H(6)-(N=PPh(2)Me)-8)-κ-C,N](2) (13exo) promotes the facile transformation of the exo isomer into the endo isomer [Pd(μ-OAc)(C(6)H(4)-(PPhMe=N-C(10)H(7)-1)-2)-κ-C,N](2) (13endo), confirming that the exo isomers are formed under kinetic control. Reactions of the orthometallated complexes have led to functionalized molecules. The stoichiometric reactions of the orthometallated complexes [Pd(μ-Cl)(C(10)H(6)-(N=PPhMe(2))-8)-κ-C,N](2) (7), [Pd(μ-Cl)(C(6)H(4)-(PPh(2)[=NPh)-2)](2) (17) and [Pd(μ-Cl)(C(6)H(3)-(C(O)N=PPh(3))-2-OMe-4)](2) (18) with I(2) or with CO results in the synthesis of the ortho-halogenated compounds [PhMe(2)P=N-C(10)H(6)-I-8] (19), [I-C(6)H(4)-(PPh(2)=NPh)-2] (21) and [Ph(3)P=NC(O)C(6)H(3)-I-2-OMe-5] (23) or the heterocycles [C(10)H(6)-(N=PPhMe(2))-1-(C(O))-8]Cl (20), [C(6)H(5)-(N=PPh(2)-C(6)H(4)-C(O)-2]ClO(4) (22) and [C(6)H(3)-(C(O)-1,2-N-PPh(3))-OMe-4]Cl (24).
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Affiliation(s)
- David Aguilar
- Departamento de Compuestos Organometálicos, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
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757
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Renaudat A, Jean-Gérard L, Jazzar R, Kefalidis CE, Clot E, Baudoin O. Palladium-Catalyzed β Arylation of Carboxylic Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201003544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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758
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Lundin PM, Fu GC. Asymmetric Suzuki cross-couplings of activated secondary alkyl electrophiles: arylations of racemic alpha-chloroamides. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:11027-9. [PMID: 20698665 PMCID: PMC2924160 DOI: 10.1021/ja105148g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed stereoconvergent method for the enantioselective Suzuki arylation of racemic alpha-chloroamides has been developed. This process provides a unique example of an asymmetric arylation of an alpha-haloamide, an enantioselective arylation of an alpha-chlorocarbonyl compound, and an asymmetric Suzuki reaction with an activated alkyl electrophile or an arylboron reagent. The method is also applicable to the corresponding enantioselective cross-coupling of alpha-bromoamides. The coupling products can be transformed without racemization into enantioenriched alpha-arylcarboxylic acids and primary alcohols. A modest kinetic resolution of the alpha-chloroamide was observed; a mechanistic study indicated that the selectivity may reflect discrimination by the chiral catalyst of the two enantiomeric alpha-chloroamides in an irreversible oxidative-addition process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela M. Lundin
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Gregory C. Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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759
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Abstract
A versatile method for the synthesis of 3,3-diaryloxindoles via Pd-catalyzed alpha-arylations or an S(N)Ar reaction is described. The reaction proceeds using mild base, is tolerant of a variety of functional groups, and is capable of preparing hindered all-carbon quaternary centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Kang Mai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, USA
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760
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Chianese AR, Mo A, Lampland NL, Swartz RL, Bremer PT. Iridium Complexes of CCC-Pincer N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands: Synthesis and Catalytic C−H Functionalization. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om100302g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R. Chianese
- Department of Chemistry, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, New York 13346
| | - Allen Mo
- Department of Chemistry, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, New York 13346
| | - Nicole L. Lampland
- Department of Chemistry, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, New York 13346
| | - Raymond L. Swartz
- Department of Chemistry, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, New York 13346
| | - Paul T. Bremer
- Department of Chemistry, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, New York 13346
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761
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Chen Z, Li J, Jiang H, Zhu S, Li Y, Qi C. Silver-Catalyzed Difunctionalization of Terminal Alkynes: Highly Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis of (Z)-β-Haloenol Acetates. Org Lett 2010; 12:3262-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol101251n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jinghao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Shifa Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yibiao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Chaorong Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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762
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Zhang S, Luo F, Wang W, Jia X, Hu M, Cheng J. Chelation-assisted palladium-catalyzed acyloxylation of benzyl sp3 C–H bonds using PhI(OAc)2 as oxidant. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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763
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Amatore M, Gosmini C. Direct Method for Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation: The Functional Group Tolerant Cobalt-Catalyzed Alkylation of Aryl Halides. Chemistry 2010; 16:5848-52. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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764
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Jin T, Himuro M, Yamamoto Y. Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Cascade Cycloisomerization of Enynes via Acetylene Cations and sp3-Hybridized C−H Bond Activation. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:5590-1. [DOI: 10.1021/ja101633x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tienan Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan, and WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Masafumi Himuro
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan, and WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan, and WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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765
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Mai CK, Sammons MF, Sammakia T. A concise formal synthesis of diazonamide A by the stereoselective construction of the C10 quaternary center. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:2397-400. [PMID: 20191642 PMCID: PMC3540747 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200906318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Kang Mai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0215, USA
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766
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Guo Y, Tao GH, Blumenfeld A, Shreeve JM. Impact of Silyl Enol Ether Stability on Palladium-Catalyzed Arylations. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om1000259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343
| | - Guo-Hong Tao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343
| | - Alex Blumenfeld
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343
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767
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Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Arylation of 4-Chromanones: Selective Synthesis of Racemic Isoflavanones and 3,3-Diaryl-4-chromanones. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200901356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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768
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Mai CK, Sammons M, Sammakia T. A Concise Formal Synthesis of Diazonamide A by the Stereoselective Construction of the C10 Quaternary Center. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200906318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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769
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Roiban GD, Serrano E, Soler T, Contel M, Grosu I, Cativiela C, Urriolabeitia EP. Ortho-Palladation of (Z)-2-Aryl-4-Arylidene-5(4H)-Oxazolones. Structure and Functionalization. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om901068f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gheorghe-Doru Roiban
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Arany Janos 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elena Serrano
- Departamento de Compuestos Organometálicos, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, c/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Tatiana Soler
- Servicios Técnicos de Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias Fase II, 03690 San Vicente de Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Maria Contel
- Chemistry Department, Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center (CUNY), 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11210
| | - Ion Grosu
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Arany Janos 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carlos Cativiela
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Esteban P. Urriolabeitia
- Departamento de Compuestos Organometálicos, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, c/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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770
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Desai LV, Ren DT, Rosner T. Mild and General Method for the α-Arylation of Heteroaromatic Ketones. Org Lett 2010; 12:1032-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol1000318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lopa V. Desai
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903
| | - Danan T. Ren
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903
| | - Thorsten Rosner
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903
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771
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Dong C, Xie L, Mou X, Zhong Y, Su W. Facile synthesis of 1,3,4-benzotriazepines and 1-arylamide-1H-indazoles via palladium-catalyzed cyclization of aryl isocyanates and aryl hydrazones under microwave irradiation. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:4827-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00021c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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772
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Li RJ, Pi SF, Liang Y, Wang ZQ, Song RJ, Chen GX, Li JH. Palladium-catalyzed annulations of arynes with 2-(2-iodophenoxy)-1-substituted ethanones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:8183-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc02720k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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773
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Ghobrial M, Harhammer K, Mihovilovic MD, Schnürch M. Facile, solvent and ligand free iron catalyzed direct functionalization of N-protected tetrahydroisoquinolines and isochroman. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:8836-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc02491k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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