801
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FU M, LI Q, SUN D, LU Y, HE N, DENG X, WANG H, HUANG J. Rapid Preparation Process of Silver Nanoparticles by Bioreduction and Their Characterizations. Chin J Chem Eng 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1004-9541(06)60046-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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802
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Bhainsa KC, D'Souza SF. Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2006; 47:160-4. [PMID: 16420977 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2005.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 745] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2005] [Revised: 11/25/2005] [Accepted: 11/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Development of reliable and eco-friendly process for synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is an important step in the filed of application of nanotechnology. One of the options to achieve this objective is to use natural processes such as use of biological systems. In this work we have investigated extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Aspergillus fumigatus. The synthesis process was quite fast and silver nanoparticles were formed within minutes of silver ion coming in contact with the cell filtrate. UV-visible spectrum of the aqueous medium containing silver ion showed a peak at 420 nm corresponding to the plasmon absorbance of silver nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrograph showed formation of well-dispersed silver nanoparticles in the range of 5-25 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD)-spectrum of the silver nanoparticles exhibited 2theta values corresponding to the silver nanocrystal. The process of reduction being extracellular and fast may lead to the development of an easy bioprocess for synthesis of silver nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuber C Bhainsa
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Section, Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
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803
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Anshup A, Venkataraman JS, Subramaniam C, Kumar RR, Priya S, Kumar TRS, Omkumar RV, John A, Pradeep T. Growth of gold nanoparticles in human cells. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:11562-7. [PMID: 16316080 DOI: 10.1021/la0519249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles of 20-100 nm diameter were synthesized within HEK-293 (human embryonic kidney), HeLa (human cervical cancer), SiHa (human cervical cancer), and SKNSH (human neuroblastoma) cells. Incubation of 1 mM tetrachloroaurate solution, prepared in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4, with human cells grown to approximately 80% confluency yielded systematic growth of nanoparticles over a period of 96 h. The cells, stained due to nanoparticle growth, were adherent to the bottom of the wells of the tissue culture plates, with their morphology preserved, indicating that the cell membrane was intact. Transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin sections showed the presence of nanoparticles within the cytoplasm and in the nucleus, the latter being much smaller in dimension. Scanning near field microscopic images confirmed the growth of large particles within the cytoplasm. Normal cells gave UV-visible signatures of higher intensity than the cancer cells. Differences in the cellular metabolism of cancer and noncancer cells were manifested, presumably in their ability to carry out the reduction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshup Anshup
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai
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804
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Mandal D, Bolander ME, Mukhopadhyay D, Sarkar G, Mukherjee P. The use of microorganisms for the formation of metal nanoparticles and their application. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2005; 69:485-92. [PMID: 16317546 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-005-0179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 452] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2005] [Revised: 08/02/2005] [Accepted: 09/02/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are at the leading edge of the rapidly developing field of nanotechnology. The development of reliable experimental protocols for the synthesis of nanomaterials over a range of chemical compositions, sizes, and high monodispersity is one of the challenging issues in current nanotechnology. In the context of the current drive to develop green technologies in material synthesis, this aspect of nanotechnology is of considerable importance. Biological systems, masters of ambient condition chemistry, synthesize inorganic materials that are hierarchically organized from the nano- to the macroscale. Recent studies on the use of microorganisms in the synthesis of nanoparticles are a relatively new and exciting area of research with considerable potential for development. This review describes a brief overview of the current research worldwide on the use of microorganisms in the biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deendayal Mandal
- Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, 200 First Street SW, Medical Sciences Building 3-103, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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805
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Andersson M, Pedersen JS, Palmqvist AEC. Silver nanoparticle formation in microemulsions acting both as template and reducing agent. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:11387-96. [PMID: 16285815 DOI: 10.1021/la050937j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel method of making silver nanoparticles in water-in-oil microemulsions using the surfactants as both the reducing agent and as the structure-directing agent is presented. Since no external strong reducing agent is used the kinetics of the formation is slow, which makes it possible to study the silver nanoparticle formation in situ. The microemulsions used were based on either the nonionic surfactant Brij30 (C12E4), which reduces the silver ion to metallic silver and is thereby partly oxidized, or mixtures of Brij30 and AOT (sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate, where the latter does not reduce the silver ions. The influences of silver ion and nonionic surfactant concentrations on the formation kinetics of the nanoparticles were followed in situ using UV-vis spectroscopy, and both parameters were found to have a big influence. The microemulsion droplet's size, size distribution, and shape were examined by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and the formed silver nanoparticles were studied using both transmission electron microscopy and SAXS. The SAXS measurements showed that the presence of silver nitrate does not affect the microemulsion systems noticeably and that the droplet's size and shape are retained during the particle formation. It is shown that the size and morphology of the particles do not directly follow the shape and size of the microemulsion droplets even though there is a relation between the droplet size and the radii of the formed particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Andersson
- Department of Materials and Surface Chemistry, Competence Centre for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden.
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806
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Liu B, Xie J, Lee JY, Ting YP, Chen JP. Optimization of High-Yield Biological Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Gold Nanoplates. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:15256-63. [PMID: 16852932 DOI: 10.1021/jp051449n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, single-crystalline gold nanoplates were obtained by reducing aqueous chloroauric acid solution with the extract of Sargassum sp. (brown seaweed) at room temperature. The gold nanoplates so obtained were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The formation of gold nanoplates was found to depend on a number of environmental factors, such as the time taken to age the seaweed extract, pH of the reaction medium, reaction temperature, reaction time, and initial reactant concentrations. The size of the gold nanoplates could be controlled to between 200 and 800 nm by manipulating the initial reactant concentrations. The yield of the flat gold nanocrystals relative to the total number of nanoparticles formed was as high as approximately 80-90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Liu
- Singapore-MIT Alliance, and Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore
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807
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Durán N, Marcato PD, Alves OL, De Souza GIH, Esposito E. Mechanistic aspects of biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by several Fusarium oxysporum strains. J Nanobiotechnology 2005; 3:8. [PMID: 16014167 PMCID: PMC1180851 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-3-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 419] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2005] [Accepted: 07/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular production of metal nanoparticles by several strains of the fungus Fusarium oxysporum was carried out. It was found that aqueous silver ions when exposed to several Fusarium oxysporum strains are reduced in solution, thereby leading to the formation of silver hydrosol. The silver nanoparticles were in the range of 20–50 nm in dimensions. The reduction of the metal ions occurs by a nitrate-dependent reductase and a shuttle quinone extracellular process. The potentialities of this nanotechnological design based in fugal biosynthesis of nanoparticles for several technical applications are important, including their high potential as antibacterial material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Durán
- Biological Chemistry Laboratory, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CEP 13084862, Caixa Postal 6154, Campinas, S.P., Brazil
- Biological Chemistry and Biotechnology Laboratory, Center Environmental Sciences, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, S.P., Brazil
| | - Priscyla D Marcato
- Biological Chemistry Laboratory, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CEP 13084862, Caixa Postal 6154, Campinas, S.P., Brazil
| | - Oswaldo L Alves
- Solid State Chemistry Laboratory, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CEP 13084862, Caixa Postal 6154, Campinas, S.P., Brazil
| | - Gabriel IH De Souza
- Biological Chemistry and Biotechnology Laboratory, Center Environmental Sciences, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, S.P., Brazil
| | - Elisa Esposito
- Biological Chemistry and Biotechnology Laboratory, Center Environmental Sciences, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, S.P., Brazil
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808
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Senapati S, Ahmad A, Khan MI, Sastry M, Kumar R. Extracellular biosynthesis of bimetallic Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2005; 1:517-20. [PMID: 17193479 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200400053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
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809
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Huang H, Yang X. Synthesis of polysaccharide-stabilized gold and silver nanoparticles: a green method. Carbohydr Res 2004; 339:2627-31. [PMID: 15476726 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2004.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2004] [Revised: 08/06/2004] [Accepted: 08/09/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A simple, green method was developed for the synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles by using polysaccharides as reducing/stabilizing agents. The obtained positively charged chitosan-stabilized gold nanoparticles and negatively charged heparin-stabilized silver nanoparticles were characterized with UV-vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results illustrated the formation of gold and silver nanoparticles inside the nanoscopic polysaccharide templates. Moreover, the morphology and size distribution of prepared gold and silver nanoparticles varied with the concentration of both the polysaccharides and the precursor metal salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, PR China
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810
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Shankar SS, Rai A, Ahmad A, Sastry M. Rapid synthesis of Au, Ag, and bimetallic Au core-Ag shell nanoparticles using Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf broth. J Colloid Interface Sci 2004; 275:496-502. [PMID: 15178278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1145] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2003] [Accepted: 03/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We report on the use of Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf broth in the extracellular synthesis of pure metallic silver and gold nanoparticles and bimetallic Au/Ag nanoparticles. On treatment of aqueous solutions of silver nitrate and chloroauric acid with Neem leaf extract, the rapid formation of stable silver and gold nanoparticles at high concentrations is observed to occur. The silver and gold nanoparticles are polydisperse, with a large percentage of gold particles exhibiting an interesting flat, platelike morphology. Competitive reduction of Au3+ and Ag+ ions present simultaneously in solution during exposure to Neem leaf extract leads to the synthesis of bimetallic Au core-Ag shell nanoparticles in solution. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the silver nanoparticles are adsorbed onto the gold nanoparticles, forming a core-shell structure. The rates of reduction of the metal ions by Neem leaf extract are much faster than those observed by us in our earlier studies using microorganisms such as fungi, highlighting the possibility that nanoparticle biological synthesis methodologies will achieve rates of synthesis comparable to those of chemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shiv Shankar
- Materials Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411 008, India
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811
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