801
|
Weatherley PE, Johnson RP. The form and function of the sieve tube: a problem in reconciliation. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1968; 24:149-92. [PMID: 4177021 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61399-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
802
|
Koehler JK. The technique and application of freeze-etching in ultrastructure research. ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL PHYSICS 1968; 12:1-84. [PMID: 4880634 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4831-9928-3.50005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
803
|
|
804
|
König KG, Guggenheim B. Implantation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the production of dental caries in rats. ADVANCES IN ORAL BIOLOGY 1968; 3:217-52. [PMID: 5246022 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4832-3119-8.50014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
805
|
Trinci A, Banbury G. A study of the growth of the tall conidiophores of Aspergillus giganteus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1967. [DOI: 10.1016/s0007-1536(67)80084-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
806
|
Abstract
Experiments with transferred stearate layers were performed to determine the location of fracture planes in frozen ice-lipid systems. Bilayers and multilayers of carbon-14-labeled stearate were frozen in contact with an aqueous phase and then fractured. The distribution of radioactivity on both sides of the fracture showed that the stearate layers were cleaved apart predominantly in the plane of their hydrocarbon tails. Because bilayers split in this manner, it was possible to measure time-dependent exchange of label between the layers. Exchange occurred with a half-time of 50 minutes in the presence of calcium and 25 minutes in the absence of calcium. Since stearate bilayers and multilayers are models of hydrophobically stabilized structures, the strong influence of their hydrophobic region on the fracture plane provides an explanation of how the freeze-etch technique of electron microscopy can expose inner, hydrophobic faces of cell membranes.
Collapse
|
807
|
|
808
|
Leak LV, Burke JF. The application of freeze-fracture replication in studying the fine structure of a blue-green alga. Exp Cell Res 1967; 48:300-6. [PMID: 4866782 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(67)90355-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
809
|
Abstract
The application of conventional electron microscopy to the study of plant leaves and fruit readily displays the surface wax deposits, but not the wax pathways from the underlying cells. A modified freeze-etch technique shows both at the same time and indicates that wax is transported from the epidermal cells to the leaf surface in microchannels.
Collapse
|
810
|
|
811
|
|
812
|
Abstract
Thin-sectioned, negatively stained, and freeze-etched preparations of Nitrosocystis oceanus cytomembranes were compared. The cytomembranes in freeze-etched cells were covered with 80- to 120-A particles. When cells were disrupted and differentially centrifuged, various membrane and particle fractions were obtained. Negatively stained membrane fragments from the pellet centrifuged at 3,000 x g showed 70- to 80-A stalked particles, whereas those from the pellet centrifuged at 39,000 x g exhibited a crystalline array of subunits with a 30- to 40-A periodicity. High-speed supernatant and pellet fractions centrifuged at greater than 39,000 x g contained 40- to 120-A free particles but no membranes. In chemically fixed cells, 40-A particles were found embedded in the matrix of membranes. Results suggest that the larger 80- to 120-A particles are enzyme complexes, whereas the smaller 30- to 40-A particles represent a structural protein or a lipoprotein of the membrane.
Collapse
|
813
|
Reiss J. [The cytochemical determination of dehydrogenases in fungi. I. Investigation and prospects for the methodology]. ARCHIV FUR MIKROBIOLOGIE 1967; 57:285-306. [PMID: 5629202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
|
814
|
Moor H. Endoplasmic reticulum as the initiator of bud formation in yeast (S. cerevisiae). ARCHIV FUR MIKROBIOLOGIE 1967; 57:135-46. [PMID: 5601020 DOI: 10.1007/bf00408697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
815
|
|
816
|
Dilley RA, Park RB, Branton D. ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES OF THE LIGHT-INDUCED CHLOROPLAST SHRINKAGE. Photochem Photobiol 1967. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1967.tb08887.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
817
|
Yoo BY, Bayley ST. The structure of pores in isolated pea nuclei. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1967; 18:651-60. [PMID: 6027105 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(67)80210-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
818
|
Rayns DG, Simpson FO, Bertaud WS. Transverse tubule apertures in mammalian myocardial cells: surface array. Science 1967; 156:656-7. [PMID: 6023660 DOI: 10.1126/science.156.3775.656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The technique of " freezeetching" tissues for electron microscopy has permitted observation of the external apertures of the transverse tubules. The apertures appear on the cell surface in approximately parallel rows, which can be interpreted as corresponding longitudinally to the spaces between the myofibrils and transversely to the Z regions of the myofibrils.
Collapse
|
819
|
Mendoza CG, Villanueva JR. Preparation and composition of the protoplast membrane of Candida utilis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1967; 135:189-95. [PMID: 5341253 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(67)90113-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
820
|
Matile P, Wiemken A. The vacuole as the lysosome of the yeast cell. ARCHIV FUR MIKROBIOLOGIE 1967; 56:148-55. [PMID: 4873367 DOI: 10.1007/bf00408765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
821
|
Bischoff A, Moor H. The ultrastructure of the "difference factor" in the myelin. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ZELLFORSCHUNG UND MIKROSKOPISCHE ANATOMIE (VIENNA, AUSTRIA : 1948) 1967; 81:571-80. [PMID: 4880869 DOI: 10.1007/bf00541015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
822
|
|
823
|
|
824
|
Bischoff A, Moor H. Ultrastructural differences between the myelin sheaths of peripheral nerve fibres and CNS white matter. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ZELLFORSCHUNG UND MIKROSKOPISCHE ANATOMIE (VIENNA, AUSTRIA : 1948) 1967; 81:303-10. [PMID: 4880867 DOI: 10.1007/bf00342757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
825
|
Matile P, Moor H, Mühlethaler K. Isolation and properties of the plasmalemma in yeast. ARCHIV FUR MIKROBIOLOGIE 1967; 58:201-11. [PMID: 4234477 DOI: 10.1007/bf00408804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
826
|
Remsen C, Lundgren DG. Electron microscopy of the cell envelope of Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans prepared by freeze-etching and chemical fixation techniques. J Bacteriol 1966; 92:1765-71. [PMID: 5334768 PMCID: PMC316259 DOI: 10.1128/jb.92.6.1765-1771.1966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Remsen, C. C. (Swiss Federation Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland), and D. G. Lundgren. Electron microscopy of the cell envelope of Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans prepared by freeze-etching and chemical fixation techniques. J. Bacteriol. 92:1765-1771. 1966.-A comparison was made of the fine structure of the cell envelope of the gram-negative bacterium Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans when cells were prepared for microscopy by freeze-etching and chemical fixation techniques. Cell envelopes of chemically fixed cells appeared as five separate layers distinguishable by their location and electron density. Frozen-etched cells showed a three-layered complex with each layer measuring approximately 100 A in thickness. The latter technique is considered to be "artifact-free" and, as a technique, yields purely morphological information on the natural state. The three layers revealed by freeze-etching are: the outer layer, a lipoprotein-lipopolysaccharide layer; the middle layer, a layer composed of globular protein attached to fibrillar mucopeptide; and the innermost layer, the cytoplasmic membrane. The latter was covered with 100 to 120 A particles. The relationship of the aforementioned layers to those seen in chemically fixed cells is discussed.
Collapse
|
827
|
Havelková M. A comparative study of submicroscopic structures of protoplasts of various yeast species. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 1966; 11:453-8. [PMID: 5958593 DOI: 10.1007/bf02875858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
828
|
Koehler JK. Fine structure observations in frozen-etched bovine spermatozoa. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1966; 16:359-75. [PMID: 5951723 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(66)80068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
829
|
Abstract
The combined x-ray diffraction and electron microscopic examination of myelin has provided reasonable, but not conclusive, support for its structure as a basically bimolecular leaflet of phospholipid that is partially interspersed with protein. But there is very little basis for extending this concept to biological membranes in general. There is no adequate experimental support for the specific orientation of phospholipids as proposed in the unit membrane theory or for the proposed polar nature of protein-lipid bonds, even in myelin. Membranes differ widely in chemical composition, metabolism, function, enzymatic composition, and even in their electron microscopic image. The only similarity is their general resemblance in electron micrographs, but, until more is known about the chemistry of electron microscopy, this evidence cannot be interpreted with confidence. One positive conclusion to which I have come is that much more chemical evidence must, and can, be obtained. Techniques for the isolation of membranes are improving and protein and lipid chemistry are now highly refined arts. Quantitative analysis of many different membranes is possible and the data can be related in some instances, notably bacterial plasma membranes, to calculations of surface area. Chemical and physical changes induced in membranes of widely different lipid composition by the preparatory procedures of electron microscopy can be determined directly and correlated with the electron microscopic image. Model systems can be assembled whose compositions closely resemble those of biological membranes. Membranes can be disassociated into subunits whose properties can be studied. In particular, x-ray diffraction analysis and electron microscopy by negative staining of reaggregates of lipoproteins isolated from membranes would be very informative. Perhaps most important, the problem of membrane structure must be considered in relation to the problems of membrane function and membrane biosynthesis.
Collapse
|
830
|
Meinhof W. [Studies of the ultrastructure of Keratinomyces Ajelloi Vanbreuseghem 1952]. ARCHIV FUR KLINISCHE UND EXPERIMENTELLE DERMATOLOGIE 1966; 226:33-47. [PMID: 4870007 DOI: 10.1007/bf00519080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
831
|
Remsen CC. The fine structure of frozen-etched Bacillus cereus spores. ARCHIV FUR MIKROBIOLOGIE 1966; 54:266-75. [PMID: 4968696 DOI: 10.1007/bf00408999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
832
|
Green DE, Tzagoloff A. Role of lipids in the structure and function of biological membranes. J Lipid Res 1966. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)39239-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
833
|
|
834
|
Cronshaw J. Tracheid differentiation in tobacco pith cultures. PLANTA 1966; 72:78-90. [PMID: 24554159 DOI: 10.1007/bf00388147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/1966] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Sterile pith cultures of Nicotiana tabacum have been induced to form localized regions of differentiating tracheids. These localized regions have been examined by phase, fluorescence, and electron microscopy, and polarization optics. Fixation for electron microscopy was with glutaraldehyde-osmium. The differentiating tracheids develop characteristic thick cell walls which are eventually lignified. The lignifications appear to be uniform throughout the secondary wall and little or no lignin appears to be deposited in the primary walls or intercellular layer. At all stages of secondary wall deposition, the peripheral cytoplasm contains a system of microtubules which form a pattern similar to that of the developing thickenings. Within this system the microtubules are oriented, the direction of orientation mirroring that of the fibrils in the most recently deposited parts of the wall. The observations support the view that the microtubules are somehow involved in microfibril orientation. The microtubules appear to be attached to the plasma membrane which has a triple layered structure. The two electron dense layers of the plasma membrane have a particulate structure. In the differentiating tracheids at regions where secondary wall thickening has not yet been deposited numerous invaginations of the plasma membrane are observed which contain loosely organized fibrillar material. It is suggested that these are areas of localized activity of the plasma membrane and that the enzymes concerned with the final organization of the cellulose microfibrils are situated at the surface of the plasma membrane. Dictyosomes in the differentiation cells give rise to vesicles which contain fibrous material and the contents are incorporated into the cell wall. Numerous profiles characteristic of plasmodesmata are evident in sections of the secondary thickenings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Cronshaw
- Department of Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara
| |
Collapse
|
835
|
Bulger RE, Griffith LD, Trump BF. Endoplasmic reticulum in rat renal interstitial cells: molecular rearrangement after water deprivation. Science 1966; 151:83-6. [PMID: 5908968 DOI: 10.1126/science.151.3706.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cylindrical bodies in renal interstitial cells of dehydrated rats are confluent with membranes of endoplasmic reticulum. The cylinder walls, composed of helically arranged pentagonal tubules, may represent a molecular rearrangement of the membrane structure. The cylinders may represent a morphologic expression of altered ergastoplasmic function possibly related to the production of concentrated urine.
Collapse
|
836
|
|
837
|
Über die kinetik und den mechanismus der biosynthese der cellulose in den höheren pflanzen (nach versuchen an den samenhaaren der baumwolle). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1966. [DOI: 10.1016/s0926-6585(96)90011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
838
|
Mazur P. Theoretical and experimental effects of cooling and warming velocity on the survival of frozen and thawed cells. Cryobiology 1966; 2:181-92. [PMID: 5907602 DOI: 10.1016/s0011-2240(66)80165-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
839
|
Park RB. Subunits of chloroplast structure and quantum conversion in photosynthesis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1966; 20:67-95. [PMID: 5337302 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)60797-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
840
|
|
841
|
Frey-Wyssling A, Schwegler F. Ultrastructure of the chromoplasts in the carrot root. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1965; 13:543-59. [PMID: 5848844 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(65)90013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
842
|
Weier TE, Engelbreicht AH, Harrison A, Risley EB. Subunits in the membranes of chloroplasts of Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, and Aspidistra sp. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1965; 13:92-111. [PMID: 5841097 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(65)80091-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
843
|
|
844
|
|
845
|
Hölzl J. [Light- and electron-microscopic investigations on onion and potato cells]. PROTOPLASMA 1965; 60:446-479. [PMID: 5884441 DOI: 10.1007/bf01247892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
|
846
|
|
847
|
Die Gefrier-Fixation lebender Zellen und ihre Anwendung in der Elektronenmikroskopie. Cell Tissue Res 1964. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00338850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
848
|
Moor H, Ruska C, Ruska H. Elektronenmikroskopische Darstellung tierischer Zellen mit der Gefrier�tztechnik. Cell Tissue Res 1964. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00341848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|