851
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Howes PD, Chandrawati R, Stevens MM. Bionanotechnology. Colloidal nanoparticles as advanced biological sensors. Science 2014; 346:1247390. [PMID: 25278614 DOI: 10.1126/science.1247390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 602] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal nanoparticle biosensors have received intense scientific attention and offer promising applications in both research and medicine. We review the state of the art in nanoparticle development, surface chemistry, and biosensing mechanisms, discussing how a range of technologies are contributing toward commercial and clinical translation. Recent examples of success include the ultrasensitive detection of cancer biomarkers in human serum and in vivo sensing of methyl mercury. We identify five key materials challenges, including the development of robust mass-scale nanoparticle synthesis methods, and five broader challenges, including the use of simulations and bioinformatics-driven experimental approaches for predictive modeling of biosensor performance. The resultant generation of nanoparticle biosensors will form the basis of high-performance analytical assays, effective multiplexed intracellular sensors, and sophisticated in vivo probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip D Howes
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Rona Chandrawati
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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852
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Cheng L, Gong H, Zhu W, Liu J, Wang X, Liu G, Liu Z. PEGylated Prussian blue nanocubes as a theranostic agent for simultaneous cancer imaging and photothermal therapy. Biomaterials 2014; 35:9844-9852. [PMID: 25239041 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Theranostic agents with both imaging and therapeutic functions have attracted enormous interests in cancer diagnosis and treatment in recent years. In this work, we develop a novel theranostic agent based on Prussian blue nanocubes (PB NCs), a clinically approved agent with strong near-infrared (NIR) absorbance and intrinsic paramagnetic property, for in vivo bimodal imaging-guided photothermal therapy. After being coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG), the obtained PB-PEG NCs are highly stable in various physiological solutions. In vivo T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) and photoacoustic tomography (PAT) bimodal imaging uncover that PB-PEG NCs after intravenous (i.v.) injection show high uptake in the tumor. Utilizing the strong and super stable NIR absorbance of PB, in vivo cancer treatment is then conducted upon i.v. injection of PB-PEG NCs followed by NIR laser irradiation of the tumors, achieving excellent therapeutic efficacy in a mouse tumor model. Comprehensive blood tests and careful histological examinations reveal no apparent toxicity of PB-PEG NCs to mice at our tested dose, which is two-fold of the imaging/therapy dose, within two months. Our work highlights the great promise of Prussian blue with well engineered surface coating as a multifunctional nanoprobe for imaging-guided cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cheng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Hua Gong
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Wenwen Zhu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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853
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Acharya AP, Sen P, Aran K, Gardner AB, Rafi M, Dean D, Murthy N. A turn-off fluorescent substrate for horseradish peroxidase improves the sensitivity of ELISAs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav P. Acharya
- Department of Bioengineering; University of California; Berkeley California 94720
| | - Payel Sen
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute; Oakland California 94609
| | - Kiana Aran
- Department of Bioengineering; University of California; Berkeley California 94720
| | - Austin B. Gardner
- Department of Bioengineering; University of California; Berkeley California 94720
| | - Mohammad Rafi
- Department of Bioengineering; University of California; Berkeley California 94720
| | - Deborah Dean
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute; Oakland California 94609
- UCSF and UCB Joint Graduate Program in Bioengineering; Berkeley California 94720
| | - Niren Murthy
- Department of Bioengineering; University of California; Berkeley California 94720
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854
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Yong Y, Zhou L, Gu Z, Yan L, Tian G, Zheng X, Liu X, Zhang X, Shi J, Cong W, Yin W, Zhao Y. WS2 nanosheet as a new photosensitizer carrier for combined photodynamic and photothermal therapy of cancer cells. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:10394-403. [PMID: 25047651 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr02453b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a simple and efficient strategy to fabricate WS2 nanosheets with low toxicity and good water solubility via a liquid exfoliation method by using H2SO4 intercalation and ultrasonication. The as-prepared WS2 nanosheets were employed not only as an NIR absorbing agent for photothermal therapy (PTT) but also as a photosensitizer (PS) carrier for photodynamic therapy (PDT) due to their sheet like structure that offers large surface area to load PS molecules. Moreover, singlet-oxygen generation of the PSs-WS2 complex could be finely controlled by NIR irradiation that could manipulate the PSs release behavior from WS2 nanosheets. The synergistic anti-tumor effect of WS2 nanosheets mediated PDT-PTT was also evaluated carefully and the results clearly showed that the efficacy of combined PDT-PTT treatment of cancer cells is significantly higher than those of PDT-only and PTT-only treatment, indicating enhanced efficiency of the combined therapeutic system. In addition, the WS2 could be used as a computed tomography (CT) contrast agent for bio-imaging since W atoms have strong X-ray attenuation ability, making them a multifunctional theranostic platform for simultaneous imaging-guided diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yong
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R.China.
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855
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Jokerst JV, Van de Sompel D, Bohndiek SE, Gambhir SS. Cellulose Nanoparticles are a Biodegradable Photoacoustic Contrast Agent for Use in Living Mice. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2014; 2:119-127. [PMID: 25225633 PMCID: PMC4161983 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imaging with photoacoustic ultrasound is an emerging field that combines the spatial and temporal resolution of ultrasound with the contrast of optical imaging. However, there are few imaging agents that offer both high signal intensity and biodegradation into small molecules. Here we describe a cellulose-based nanoparticle with peak photoacoustic signal at 700 nm and an in vitro limit of detection of 6 pM (0.02 mg/mL). Doses down to 0.35 nM (1.2 mg/mL) were used to image mouse models of ovarian cancer. Most importantly, the nanoparticles were shown to biodegrade in the presence of cellulase both through a glucose assay and electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse V. Jokerst
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5427, United States1
| | - Dominique Van de Sompel
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5427, United States1
| | - Sarah E. Bohndiek
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5427, United States1
- Bioengineering, Materials Science & Engineering, Bio-X Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Sanjiv S. Gambhir
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5427, United States1
- Bioengineering, Materials Science & Engineering, Bio-X Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
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856
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Ng KK, Shakiba M, Huynh E, Weersink RA, Roxin Á, Wilson BC, Zheng G. Stimuli-responsive photoacoustic nanoswitch for in vivo sensing applications. ACS NANO 2014; 8:8363-8373. [PMID: 25046406 DOI: 10.1021/nn502858b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging provides high-resolution images at depths beyond the optical diffusion limit. To broaden its utility, there is need for molecular sensors capable of detecting environmental stimuli through alterations in photoacoustic signal. Photosynthetic organisms have evolved ingenious strategies to optimize light absorption through nanoscale ordered dye aggregation. Here, we use this concept to synthesize a stimuli-responsive nanoswitch with a large optical absorbance and sensing capabilities. Ordered dye aggregation between light-harvesting porphyrins was achieved through intercalation within thermoresponsive nanovesicles. This causes an absorbance red-shift of 74 nm and a 2.7-fold increase in absorptivity of the Qy-band, with concomitant changes in its photoacoustic spectrum. This spectral feature can be reversibly switched by exceeding a temperature threshold. Using this thermochromic property, we noninvasively determined a localized temperature change in vivo, relevant for monitoring thermal therapies of solid tumors. Similar strategies may be applied alongside photoacoustic imaging, to detect other stimuli such as pH and enzymatic activity.
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857
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Pennakalathil J, Jahja E, Özdemir ES, Konu Ö, Tuncel D. Red Emitting, Cucurbituril-Capped, pH-Responsive Conjugated Oligomer-Based Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery and Cellular Imaging. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:3366-74. [DOI: 10.1021/bm500839j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jousheed Pennakalathil
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Institute of Materials Science and
Nanotechnology,
National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), and §Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ermira Jahja
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Institute of Materials Science and
Nanotechnology,
National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), and §Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - E. Sıla Özdemir
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Institute of Materials Science and
Nanotechnology,
National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), and §Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özlen Konu
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Institute of Materials Science and
Nanotechnology,
National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), and §Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dönüs Tuncel
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Institute of Materials Science and
Nanotechnology,
National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), and §Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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858
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Zhou XF, Cheng W, Compton RG. Doping of single polymeric nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:12587-9. [PMID: 25098671 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201405992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative doping of single poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) nanoparticles is reported in aqueous sodium perchlorate using the nanoimpact method. Complete oxidative doping of single PVK nanoparticles with a size of approximately 120 nm is demonstrated, showing for the first time a simple strategy to synthesize and characterize doped polymeric nanoparticles at the single nanoparticle level.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-F Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ (UK)
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859
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860
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Pu K, Shuhendler AJ, Valta MP, Cui L, Saar M, Peehl DM, Rao J. Phosphorylcholine-coated semiconducting polymer nanoparticles as rapid and efficient labeling agents for in vivo cell tracking. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:1292-8. [PMID: 24668903 PMCID: PMC4134769 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the pressing need to noninvasively monitor transplanted cells in vivo with fluorescence imaging, desirable fluorescent agents with rapid labeling capability, durable brightness, and ideal biocompatibility remain lacking. Here, phosphorylcholine-coated near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) are reported as a new class of rapid, efficient, and cytocompatible labeling nanoagents for in vivo cell tracking. The phosphorylcholine coating results in efficient and rapid endocytosis and allows the SPN to enter cells within 0.5 h in complete culture medium apparently independent of the cell type, while its NIR fluorescence leads to a tissue penetration depth of 0.5 cm. In comparison to quantum dots and Cy5.5, the SPN is tolerant to physiologically ubiquitous reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in durable fluorescence both in vitro and in vivo. These desirable physical and physiological properties of the SPN permit cell tracking of human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells in living mice at a lower limit of detection of 10 000 cells with no obvious alteration of cell phenotype after 12 d. SPNs thus can provide unique opportunities for optimizing cellular therapy and deciphering pathological processes as a cell tracking label.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanyi Pu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, USA
| | - Adam J. Shuhendler
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, USA
| | - Maija P. Valta
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, USA. Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland
| | - Lina Cui
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, USA
| | - Matthias Saar
- Department of Urology School of Medicine, Stanford University, USA. Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Donna M. Peehl
- Department of Urology School of Medicine, Stanford University, USA
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, USA
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861
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Zhang Y, Jeon M, Rich LJ, Hong H, Geng J, Zhang Y, Shi S, Barnhart TE, Alexandridis P, Huizinga JD, Seshadri M, Cai W, Kim C, Lovell JF. Non-invasive multimodal functional imaging of the intestine with frozen micellar naphthalocyanines. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 9:631-8. [PMID: 24997526 PMCID: PMC4130353 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2014.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
There is a need for safer and improved methods for non-invasive imaging of the gastrointestinal tract. Modalities based on X-ray radiation, magnetic resonance and ultrasound suffer from limitations with respect to safety, accessibility or lack of adequate contrast. Functional intestinal imaging of dynamic gut processes has not been practical using existing approaches. Here, we report the development of a family of nanoparticles that can withstand the harsh conditions of the stomach and intestine, avoid systemic absorption, and provide good optical contrast for photoacoustic imaging. The hydrophobicity of naphthalocyanine dyes was exploited to generate purified ∼ 20 nm frozen micelles, which we call nanonaps, with tunable and large near-infrared absorption values (>1,000). Unlike conventional chromophores, nanonaps exhibit non-shifting spectra at ultrahigh optical densities and, following oral administration in mice, passed safely through the gastrointestinal tract. Non-invasive, non-ionizing photoacoustic techniques were used to visualize nanonap intestinal distribution with low background and remarkable resolution, and enabled real-time intestinal functional imaging with ultrasound co-registration. Positron emission tomography following seamless nanonap radiolabelling allowed complementary whole-body imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
| | - Mansik Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Korea
| | - Laurie J. Rich
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, USA
| | - Hao Hong
- Department of Radiology and Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Jumin Geng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
| | - Yin Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Sixiang Shi
- Department of Radiology and Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Todd E. Barnhart
- Department of Radiology and Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Paschalis Alexandridis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
| | - Jan D. Huizinga
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Enterology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Mukund Seshadri
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, USA
| | - Weibo Cai
- Department of Radiology and Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
- Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to W.C. (nuclear imaging), C.K. (photoacoustics) and J.F.L. (general inquiries)
| | - Chulhong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Korea
- Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to W.C. (nuclear imaging), C.K. (photoacoustics) and J.F.L. (general inquiries)
| | - Jonathan F. Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
- Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to W.C. (nuclear imaging), C.K. (photoacoustics) and J.F.L. (general inquiries)
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862
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson Chan
- Department of Chemistry and the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Christopher J Chang
- 1] Department of Chemistry and the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA. [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute
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863
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Nie L, Chen X. Structural and functional photoacoustic molecular tomography aided by emerging contrast agents. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:7132-70. [PMID: 24967718 PMCID: PMC4569000 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00086b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) can offer structural, functional and molecular contrasts at scalable observation level. By ultrasonically overcoming the strong optical scattering, this imaging technology can reach centimeters penetration depth while retaining high spatial resolution in biological tissue. Recent extensive research has been focused on developing new contrast agents to improve the imaging sensitivity, specificity and efficiency. These emerging materials have substantially accelerated PAT applications in signal sensing, functional imaging, biomarker labeling and therapy monitoring etc. Here, the potentials of different optical probes as PAT contrast agents were elucidated. We first describe the instrumental embodiments and the measured functional parameters, then focus on emerging contrast agent-based PAT applications, and finally discuss the challenges and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Nie
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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