901
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Abstract
Cancer is the second most common cause of death in women of childbearing age. However, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a rare tumor in this collective with an incidence far below 5/100,000 cases per year. Therefore, medical experience with respect to diagnostics and therapeutic management of newly diagnosed RCC in pregnant women is scarce and the number of published cases low. However, recent studies indicated that higher estrogen levels and multigravidity could be associated with a higher risk of RCC. The aim of this article is to summarize the clinical experience in treating pregnant women with renal cancer against the background of those cases published in the literature.
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902
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Prognostic Value of Microvascular Invasion in Predicting the Cancer Specific Survival and Risk of Metastatic Disease in Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Multicenter Investigation. J Urol 2012; 187:418-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2011.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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903
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Qin C, Cao Q, Li P, Ju X, Wang M, Chen J, Wu Y, Meng X, Zhu J, Zhang Z, Lu Q, Yin C. Functional promoter -31G>C variant in survivin gene is associated with risk and progression of renal cell cancer in a Chinese population. PLoS One 2012; 7:e28829. [PMID: 22295057 PMCID: PMC3266235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Survivin is an inhibitor of apoptosis protein and is involved in the occurrence and progression of human malignancies. Recently, a functional polymorphism (−31G>C, rs9904341) in the promoter of survivin has been shown to influence its expression and confer susceptibility to different types of cancer. The present study was aimed to investigate whether the polymorphism also influences susceptibility and progression of renal cell cancer (RCC) in a Chinese population. Methods We genotyped this polymorphism using the TaqMan assay in a case-control study comprised of 710 RCC patients and 760 controls. The logistic regression was used to assess the genetic association with occurrence and progression of RCC. Results Compared with the genotypes containing G allele (GG and GC), we found a statistically significant increased occurrence of RCC associated with the CC genotype [P = 0.006, adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08–1.76]. The polymorphism was associated with risk of developing advanced stage (OR = 2.02, 95%CI = 1.34–3.07) and moderately differentiated (OR = 1.75; 95%CI = 1.20–2.54) RCC. Furthermore, the patients carrying the CC genotype had a significantly greater prevalence of high clinical stage disease (Ptrend = 0.003). Similar results were also observed when we restricted the analysis to clear cell RCC, a major histological type of RCC. Conclusions Our results suggest that the functional −31G>C polymorphism in the promoter of survivin may influence the susceptibility and progression of RCC in the Chinese population. Large population-based prospective studies are required to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Qin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Cao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pu Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaobing Ju
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meilin Wang
- Department of Molecular and Genetic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yilong Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxin Meng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Genetic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Lu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (QL); (CY)
| | - Changjun Yin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (QL); (CY)
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904
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Incidence of obesity and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are increasing, and RCC remains a lethal disease if not identified at an early stage. There is an increasing body of evidence linking obesity to the risk of developing RCC. RECENT FINDINGS There is a wealth of epidemiological evidence supporting a higher risk of developing RCC in obese individuals, and in a dose-response manner. This is particularly pertinent in the development of the clear cell subtype (ccRCC), in which there appears to be a special interplay between ccRCC, obesity and von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene defects, driving the proangiogenic/proliferative pathway as a result of metabolites produced by adipose tissue, the epigenetic silencing of a tumour suppressor in close proximity to the VHL gene, hypoxia, obesity-related hypertension, lipid peroxidation and increased insulin-like growth factor-1. SUMMARY Obesity-related diseases, including cancers, are increasing. There are many complex biomolecular pathways interacting in obesity, especially in ccRCC in which there appears to be a specific interplay in VHL mutations.
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905
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Clinical, molecular, and genetic correlates of lymphatic spread in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol 2012; 61:888-95. [PMID: 22269604 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While it is well known that clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) that presents with lymphatic spread is associated with an extremely poor prognosis, its molecular and genetic biology is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE Define the clinicopathologic, molecular, and genetic biological characteristics of these tumors in comparison to nonmetastatic (N0M0) renal cell carcinomas. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A retrospective study defined clinicopathologic features, expression of 28 molecular markers, and occurrence of chromosomal aberrations for their correlation with lymphatic spread in three cohorts of 502, 196, and 272 patients, respectively. MEASUREMENTS Fisher exact test or the χ(2) test were used to compare categorical variables; continuous variables were compared with the Mann-Whitney U test or student t test. Cut-off values were calculated based on receiver operating characteristic curves and the Youden Index. Uni- and multivariate regression analyses were used to investigate the correlation with lymphatic spread. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS In clinical analyses, a predictive model consisting of smoking history (p=0.040), T stage (p<0.0001), Fuhrman grade (p<0.0001), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (p<0.0001), and microvascular invasion (p<0.0001) was independently associated with lymphatic spread. After adjustment with these clinical variables, low carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) (p=0.043) and high epithelial vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (p=0.033) protein expression were associated with a higher risk of lymphatic spread, and loss of chromosome 3p (p<0.0001) with a lower risk. The current study is limited by its retrospective design, small sample size, and single-center experience. CONCLUSIONS The low rates of CAIX expression and loss of chromosome 3p suggest that lymphatic spread in ccRCC occurs independently of von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor inactivation.
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906
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Patel SG, Penson DF, Pabla B, Clark PE, Cookson MS, Chang SS, Herrell SD, Smith JA, Barocas DA. National trends in the use of partial nephrectomy: a rising tide that has not lifted all boats. J Urol 2012; 187:816-21. [PMID: 22248514 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2011.10.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Treatment of organ confined renal masses with partial nephrectomy has durable oncologic outcomes comparable to radical nephrectomy. Partial nephrectomy is associated with lower risk of chronic kidney disease and in some series with better overall survival. We report a contemporary analysis on national trends of partial nephrectomy use to determine partial nephrectomy use over time, and whether nontumor related factors such as structural attributes of the treating institution or patient characteristics are associated with the underuse of partial nephrectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed an analysis of the NIS (National Inpatient Sample), which contains 20% of all United States inpatient hospitalizations. We included patients who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy for a renal mass between 2002 and 2008. Survey weights were applied to obtain national estimates of nephrectomy use and to evaluate nonclinical predictors of partial nephrectomy. RESULTS A total of 46,396 patients were included in the study for a weighted sample of 226,493. There was an increase in partial nephrectomy use from 15.3% in 2002 to 24.7% in 2008 (p <0.001). On multivariate analysis hospital attributes (urban teaching status, nephrectomy volume, geographic region) and patient socioeconomic status (higher income ZIP code and private/HMO payer) were independent predictors of partial nephrectomy use. CONCLUSIONS Since 2002 the national use of partial nephrectomy for the management of renal masses has increased. However, the adoption of partial nephrectomy at smaller, rural and nonacademic hospitals lags behind that of larger hospitals, urban/teaching hospitals and higher volume centers. A lower rate of partial nephrectomy use among patients without private insurance and those living in lower income ZIP code areas highlights the underuse of partial nephrectomy as a quality of care concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay G Patel
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA
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907
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Ding GX, Song NH, Feng CC, Xia GW, Jiang HW, Hua LX, Ding Q. Is there an association between advanced stage of renal cell carcinoma and paraneoplastic syndrome? Med Princ Pract 2012; 21:370-4. [PMID: 22237047 DOI: 10.1159/000334873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate any association between renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS). SUBJECTS AND METHODS The retrospective analysis included 1,028 patients of Chinese Han nationality with resectable RCC and PNS. The PNS included elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), hypertension, cachexia, anemia, pyrexia, abnormal liver function, hypercalcemia, polycythemia, varicocele and neuromyopathy. Staging was categorized as local (T1-2N0M0) and locally advanced (T3-4NxM0). RESULTS Among patients with at least one PNS, elevated ESR (p = 0.008), cachexia (p = 0.000), varicocele (p = 0.000) and pyrexia (p = 0.021) were related to advanced stage of RCC. Among patients with only one PNS, hypertension (p = 0.012) and hypercalcemia (p = 0.000) were related to advanced stage. The remaining PNS were not associated with tumor stage. CONCLUSION Pyrexia, elevated ESR, cachexia and varicocele were related to advanced RCC. Hypertension and hypercalcemia occurring as single PNS, although also correlated with advanced stage, require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Xiong Ding
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
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908
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Daniel CR, Cross AJ, Graubard BI, Park Y, Ward MH, Rothman N, Hollenbeck AR, Chow WH, Sinha R. Large prospective investigation of meat intake, related mutagens, and risk of renal cell carcinoma. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 95:155-62. [PMID: 22170360 PMCID: PMC3238458 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.019364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evidence for meat intake and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) risk is inconsistent. Mutagens related to meat cooking and processing, and variation by RCC subtype may be important to consider. OBJECTIVE In a large US cohort, we prospectively investigated intake of meat and meat-related compounds in relation to risk of RCC, as well as clear cell and papillary RCC histologic subtypes. DESIGN Study participants (492,186) completed a detailed dietary assessment linked to a database of heme iron, heterocyclic amines (HCA), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitrate, and nitrite concentrations in cooked and processed meats. Over 9 (mean) y of follow-up, we identified 1814 cases of RCC (498 clear cell and 115 papillary adenocarcinomas). HRs and 95% CIs were estimated within quintiles by using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS Red meat intake [62.7 g (quintile 5) compared with 9.8 g (quintile 1) per 1000 kcal (median)] was associated with a tendency toward an increased risk of RCC [HR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.40; P-trend = 0.06] and a 2-fold increased risk of papillary RCC [P-trend = 0.002]. Intakes of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), a marker of PAHs, and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenyl-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), an HCA, were associated with a significant 20-30% elevated risk of RCC and a 2-fold increased risk of papillary RCC. No associations were observed for the clear cell subtype. CONCLUSIONS Red meat intake may increase the risk of RCC through mechanisms related to the cooking compounds BaP and PhIP. Our findings for RCC appeared to be driven by strong associations with the rarer papillary histologic variant. This study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00340015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie R Daniel
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA.
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909
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Phan JH, Quo CF, Cheng C, Wang MD. Multiscale integration of -omic, imaging, and clinical data in biomedical informatics. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2012; 5:74-87. [PMID: 23231990 PMCID: PMC5859561 DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2012.2212427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews challenges and opportunities in multiscale data integration for biomedical informatics. Biomedical data can come from different biological origins, data acquisition technologies, and clinical applications. Integrating such data across multiple scales (e.g., molecular, cellular/tissue, and patient) can lead to more informed decisions for personalized, predictive, and preventive medicine. However, data heterogeneity, community standards in data acquisition, and computational complexity are big challenges for such decision making. This review describes genomic and proteomic (i.e., molecular), histopathological imaging (i.e., cellular/tissue), and clinical (i.e., patient) data; it includes case studies for single-scale (e.g., combining genomic or histopathological image data), multiscale (e.g., combining histopathological image and clinical data), and multiscale and multiplatform (e.g., the Human Protein Atlas and The Cancer Genome Atlas) data integration. Numerous opportunities exist in biomedical informatics research focusing on integration of multiscale and multiplatform data.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Phan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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910
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Watson RA, Sadeghi-Nejad H. Tobacco Abuse and the Urologist: Time for a More Proactive Role. Urology 2011; 78:1219-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2011.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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911
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Cao Q, Qin C, Ju X, Meng X, Wang M, Zhu J, Li P, Chen J, Zhang Z, Yin C. Chromosome 11q13.3 variant modifies renal cell cancer risk in a Chinese population. Mutagenesis 2011; 27:345-50. [PMID: 22131124 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/ger085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent genome-wide association study of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in European population has identified genetic variants in the regions of 2p21 (rs7579899), 11q13.3 (rs7105934) and 12q24.31 (rs4765623) conferred susceptibility to RCC. In our study, we assessed whether these polymorphisms are also associated with RCC risk in a Chinese population. We genotyped these polymorphisms using TaqMan method and assessed their associations with RCC risk in a case-control study of 710 patients with histologically confirmed RCC and 760 cancer-free controls. Normal renal tissues adjacent to tumors were used to evaluate the functional consequences of these polymorphisms. We found that rs7105934 was significantly associated with reduced RCC risk [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.67, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) = 0.47-0.95, GA+AA versus GG], particularly among subgroups of normal-weight individuals (OR = 0.51, 95%CI = 0.29-0.88), never-smokers (OR = 0.53, 95%CI = 0.33-0.85) and non-drinkers (OR = 0.57, 95%CI = 0.370.87). Furthermore, the rs7105934 GA genotype was associated with lower levels of CCND1 mRNA compared with GG genotype, although this association was only marginally significant (P = 0.055). No significant association between rs7579899 or rs7105934 and RCC risk was observed. Our results suggest that rs7105934 on 11q13.3 may confer susceptibility to RCC in our population. Large population-based prospective and functional studies are required to validate the associations between these loci and RCC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Cao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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912
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Arjumand W, Sultana S. Role of VHL gene mutation in human renal cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2011; 33:9-16. [PMID: 22125026 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-011-0257-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) is an inherited neoplasia syndrome caused by the inactivation of VHL tumor suppressor gene, and somatic mutation of this gene has been related to the development of sporadic clear cell renal carcinoma. The affected individuals are at higher risk for the development of tumor in other organs, which include pheochromocytomas, retinal angioma, pancreatic cysts, and CNS hemangioblastomas. The VHL mRNA encodes a protein (pVHL) that contains 213 amino acid residues which migrate with an apparent molecular weight of 24 to 30 kDa. The VHL gene protein has multiple functions that are linked to tumor suppression, but the best recognized and evidently linked to the development of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), as well as plays a role in targeting HIF for ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Aberrations in VHL's function, either through mutation or promoter hypermethylation, lead to the accumulation of HIF, which will transcriptionally upregulate a sequence of hypoxia responsive genes, including epidermal growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and other proangiogenic factors, resulting in upregulated blood vessel growth, one of the prerequisites of a tumor. HIF plays a critical role in pVHL-defective tumor formation, raising the possibility that drugs directed against HIF or its downstream targets (such as vascular endothelial growth factor) may one day play a role in the treatment of RCC. Moreover, a number of drugs have been developed that target HIF-responsive gene products, many of these targeted therapies have demonstrated significant activity in kidney cancer clinical trials and signify substantive advances in the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wani Arjumand
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard University, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India.
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913
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Exploring the role of miRNAs in renal cell carcinoma progression and metastasis through bioinformatic and experimental analyses. Tumour Biol 2011; 33:131-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-011-0255-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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914
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LINE-1 methylation levels in leukocyte DNA and risk of renal cell cancer. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27361. [PMID: 22076155 PMCID: PMC3208631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Leukocyte global DNA methylation levels are currently being considered as biomarkers of cancer susceptibility and have been associated with risk of several cancers. In this study, we aimed to examine the association between long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE-1) methylation levels, as a biomarker of global DNA methylation in blood cell DNA, and renal cell cancer risk. Experimental Design LINE-1 methylation of bisulfite-converted genomic DNA isolated from leukocytes was quantified by pyrosequencing measured in triplicate, and averaged across 4 CpG sites. A total of 328 RCC cases and 654 controls frequency-matched(2∶1) on age(±5years), sex and study center, from a large case-control study conducted in Central and Eastern Europe were evaluated. Results LINE-1 methylation levels were significantly higher in RCC cases with a median of 81.97% (interquartile range[IQR]: 80.84–83.47) compared to 81.67% (IQR: 80.35–83.03) among controls (p = 0.003, Wilcoxon). Compared to the lowest LINE-1 methylation quartile(Q1), the adjusted ORs for increasing methylation quartiles were as follows: OR(Q2) = 1.84(1.20−2.81), OR(Q3) = 1.72(1.11−2.65) and OR(Q4) = 2.06(1.34−3.17), with a p-trend = 0.004. The association was stronger among current smokers (p-trend<0.001) than former or never smokers (p-interaction = 0.03). To eliminate the possibility of selection bias among controls, the relationship between LINE-1 methylation and smoking was evaluated and confirmed in a case-only analysis, as well. Conclusions Higher levels of LINE-1 methylation appear to be positively associated with RCC risk, particularly among current smokers. Further investigations using both post- and pre-diagnostic genomic DNA is warranted to confirm findings and will be necessary to determine whether the observed differences occur prior to, or as a result of carcinogenesis.
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915
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Scott CS, Jinot J. Trichloroethylene and cancer: systematic and quantitative review of epidemiologic evidence for identifying hazards. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2011; 8:4238-72. [PMID: 22163205 PMCID: PMC3228569 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph8114238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a meta-analysis focusing on studies with high potential for trichloroethylene (TCE) exposure to provide quantitative evaluations of the evidence for associations between TCE exposure and kidney, liver, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) cancers. A systematic review documenting essential design features, exposure assessment approaches, statistical analyses, and potential sources of confounding and bias identified twenty-four cohort and case-control studies on TCE and the three cancers of interest with high potential for exposure, including five recently published case-control studies of kidney cancer or NHL. Fixed- and random-effects models were fitted to the data on overall exposure and on the highest exposure group. Sensitivity analyses examined the influence of individual studies and of alternative risk estimate selections. For overall TCE exposure and kidney cancer, the summary relative risk (RRm) estimate from the random effects model was 1.27 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.43), with a higher RRm for the highest exposure groups (1.58, 95% CI: 1.28, 1.96). The RRm estimates were not overly sensitive to alternative risk estimate selections or to removal of an individual study. There was no apparent heterogeneity or publication bias. For NHL, RRm estimates for overall exposure and for the highest exposure group, respectively, were 1.23 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.42) and 1.43 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.82) and, for liver cancer, 1.29 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.56) and 1.28 (95% CI: 0.93, 1.77). Our findings provide strong support for a causal association between TCE exposure and kidney cancer. The support is strong but less robust for NHL, where issues of study heterogeneity, potential publication bias, and weaker exposure-response results contribute uncertainty, and more limited for liver cancer, where only cohort studies with small numbers of cases were available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Siegel Scott
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, DC 20460, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Jennifer Jinot
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, DC 20460, USA; E-Mail:
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916
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Vasudev NS, Larkin JM. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma: focus on pazopanib. Clin Med Insights Oncol 2011; 5:333-42. [PMID: 22084622 PMCID: PMC3210627 DOI: 10.4137/cmo.s7263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in our understanding of renal cancer biology have led to a new treatment paradigm in renal cancer. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), that target the intracellular kinase domain of the VEGF receptor, have become established as the most successful class of agent in this disease. Three TKIs are currently approved for use in patients with advanced disease. Newer, more potent inhibitors have reached phase III clinical testing, meaning others are likely to follow. In 2009, pazopanib became the most recent TKI to receive FDA approval. This review sets out to discuss the key opportunities and challenges associated with TKI use in RCC, focusing particularly on pazopanib. We also review the current place of pazopanib in the management of patients with advanced disease, in what is a rapidly evolving therapeutic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James M.G. Larkin
- Consultant Medical Oncologist, Renal Cancer Unit, Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden Hospital, London SW3 6JJ, UK
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917
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Audenet F, Yates DR, Cancel-Tassin G, Cussenot O, Rouprêt M. Genetic pathways involved in carcinogenesis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma: genomics towards personalized medicine. BJU Int 2011; 109:1864-70. [PMID: 22035299 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2011.10661.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Sporadic clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) is dominated by nutations of the VHL gene located on chromosome 3p in up to 90% of cases. This gene plays a critical role in hypoxia response, including stimulation of neoangiogenesis. Since 2006, anti-angiogenci therapies targeting this pathway are used in metastatic patients with objective response rate as high as 45%. However, these treatments don't target directly the tumour cell, allowing the potential for disease progession despite treatment. Large scale analysis recently showed that substantial genetic heterogeneity exists in ccRCC. Associated alterations include genes implicated in methylation regulation in 15% of cases, underlying the importance of epigenetic modifications, and truncating mutations in chromatin remodelling complex PRMB1 in 41% of cases. Systematic screening of these tumours is a way to fully determine the somatic genetic architecture of RCC in order to improve tumour classification, to develop prognostic and predictive markers and to target new molecular pathways involved in carcinogenesis. • A critical review is provided of the recent progress in oncogenetics applied to renal cell carcinoma (RCC) by highlighting our current understanding of the genetic pathways involved in carcinogenesis and its current and future clinical application. • RCC comprises a model of translational research because an improved understanding of molecular pathways has led to several targeted therapy options for patients with metastatic RCC. • Alteration of the product of the Von Hippel-Lindau gene/hypoxia inductible factor/vascular endothelial growth factor pathway is well characterized in carcinogenesis and is the target of the current therapies for metastatic RCC. • However, substantial genetic heterogeneity exists in this cancer and current treatments do not target directly the tumour cell. • Improving overall survival still remains a challenging objective but, currently, there is a lack of prognostic and predictive biomarkers for response to treatment. • Further information is awaited from the genomic approach to tumour classification, prognostic markers and predictive indicators of response to the treatment, as well as the personal susceptibility of developing RCC when exposed to risk factors. • Recent technological developments, such as large-scale analysis and high-speed sequencing, will allow the systematic screening of tumours to fully determine the somatic genetic architecture of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Audenet
- The Academic Department of Urology of La Pitié-Salpétrière and of Tenon, Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire Est, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris Faculté , Paris, France
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918
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Steffens S, Grünwald V, Ringe KI, Seidel C, Eggers H, Schrader M, Wacker F, Kuczyk MA, Schrader AJ. Does obesity influence the prognosis of metastatic renal cell carcinoma in patients treated with vascular endothelial growth factor-targeted therapy? Oncologist 2011; 16:1565-71. [PMID: 22020210 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2011-0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity increases the risk for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, it has only recently been identified as an independent positive prognostic factor for localized RCC. OBJECTIVE To determine whether obesity influences long-term prognosis in metastatic RCC patients receiving vascular endothelial growth factor-targeted therapy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In 116 patients with metastatic RCC who received antiangiogenic agents (sunitinib, sorafenib, axitinib, bevacizumab) in 2005-2010, we evaluated whether body mass index (BMI), a body surface area (BSA) above the European average, the visceral fat area (VFA), or s.c. fat area (SFA) were of predictive relevance. MEASUREMENTS BMI was categorized based on current World Health Organization definitions. BSA was stratified according to the European average for men (1.98 m(2)) and women (1.74 m(2)). VFA and SFA were dichotomized using the median of the observed distribution as the cutoff. The primary endpoints of this study were time to progression and overall survival time. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS The whole population had median progression-free and overall survival times of 8.3 months and 20.5 months, respectively. In contrast to BMI and BSA, higher than average VFA and SFA levels were significant predictors of longer progression-free and overall survival times. The major limitations of this study are its retrospective design and its heterogeneous patient population. CONCLUSION This is the first study to identify high VFA and SFA levels as positive predictive biomarkers for patients who receive first-line antiangiogenic agents for metastatic RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Steffens
- Department of Urology and Urologic Oncology, Hannover University Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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919
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Tang PA, Heng DYC, Choueiri TK. Impact of body composition on clinical outcomes in metastatic renal cell cancer. Oncologist 2011; 16:1484-6. [PMID: 22020214 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2011-0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Tang
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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920
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Wu X, Scelo G, Purdue MP, Rothman N, Johansson M, Ye Y, Wang Z, Zelenika D, Moore LE, Wood CG, Prokhortchouk E, Gaborieau V, Jacobs KB, Chow WH, Toro JR, Zaridze D, Lin J, Lubinski J, Trubicka J, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Lissowska J, Rudnai P, Fabianova E, Mates D, Jinga V, Bencko V, Slamova A, Holcatova I, Navratilova M, Janout V, Boffetta P, Colt JS, Davis FG, Schwartz KL, Banks RE, Selby PJ, Harnden P, Berg CD, Hsing AW, Grubb RL, Boeing H, Vineis P, Clavel-Chapelon F, Palli D, Tumino R, Krogh V, Panico S, Duell EJ, Quirós JR, Sanchez MJ, Navarro C, Ardanaz E, Dorronsoro M, Khaw KT, Allen NE, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Peeters PHM, Trichopoulos D, Linseisen J, Ljungberg B, Overvad K, Tjønneland A, Romieu I, Riboli E, Stevens VL, Thun MJ, Diver WR, Gapstur SM, Pharoah PD, Easton DF, Albanes D, Virtamo J, Vatten L, Hveem K, Fletcher T, Koppova K, Cussenot O, Cancel-Tassin G, Benhamou S, Hildebrandt MA, Pu X, Foglio M, Lechner D, Hutchinson A, Yeager M, Fraumeni JF, Lathrop M, Skryabin KG, McKay JD, Gu J, Brennan P, Chanock SJ. A genome-wide association study identifies a novel susceptibility locus for renal cell carcinoma on 12p11.23. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 21:456-62. [PMID: 22010048 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most lethal urologic cancer. Only two common susceptibility loci for RCC have been confirmed to date. To identify additional RCC common susceptibility loci, we conducted an independent genome-wide association study (GWAS). We analyzed 533 191 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for association with RCC in 894 cases and 1516 controls of European descent recruited from MD Anderson Cancer Center in the primary scan, and validated the top 500 SNPs in silico in 3772 cases and 8505 controls of European descent involved in the only published GWAS of RCC. We identified two common variants in linkage disequilibrium, rs718314 and rs1049380 (r(2) = 0.64, D ' = 0.84), in the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor, type 2 (ITPR2) gene on 12p11.23 as novel susceptibility loci for RCC (P = 8.89 × 10(-10) and P = 6.07 × 10(-9), respectively, in meta-analysis) with an allelic odds ratio of 1.19 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13-1.26] for rs718314 and 1.18 (95% CI: 1.12-1.25) for rs1049380. It has been recently identified that rs718314 in ITPR2 is associated with waist-hip ratio (WHR) phenotype. To our knowledge, this is the first genetic locus associated with both cancer risk and WHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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921
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Wang G, Hou J, Ma L, Xie J, Yin J, Xu D, Chang W, Tan X, Su T, Zhang H, Cao G. Risk factor for clear cell renal cell carcinoma in Chinese population: a case-control study. Cancer Epidemiol 2011; 36:177-82. [PMID: 22000673 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk factors for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) differ among populations and remain controversial. We carried out a hospital-based case-control study to examine the effects of health status, lifestyle, and some genetic polymorphisms on ccRCC risk in Chinese subjects. METHODS Between 2007 and 2009, 250 newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed ccRCC cases and 299 sex-, age-matched healthy controls provided complete information including consumption of tea and alcohol, smoking, occupational exposure, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, diabetes, and urolithiasis by face-to-face interview in Shanghai. Genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenase (CYP1A1: 6235T>C, 4889A>G, and 4887C>A), glutathione S-transferase (GSTP1: 342A>G), and N-acetyltransferase (NAT2: 481C>T, 590G>A, and 857G>A) were identified by PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were derived through multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Green tea intake (≥500 ml/d) was inversely associated with ccRCC risk, with an AOR of 0.34 (95% CI 0.21-0.55). BMI (≥25 kg/m(2)), hypertension, and urolithiasis were independently associated with an increased risk of ccRCC, with AOR (95% CI) of 2.10 (1.32-3.34), 2.49 (1.57-3.93), and 3.33 (1.12-9.89), respectively. No association was observed between smoking, alcohol consumption, or occupational exposure with ccRCC risk. The polymorphisms and their interactions with the environmental exposures were mostly not associated with ccRCC risk. CONCLUSION BMI (≥25 kg/m(2)), hypertension, and urolithiasis are independently associated with an increased risk, whereas green tea intake (≥500 ml/d) is independently associated with a decreased risk of ccRCC. The polymorphisms of the xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes are weakly associated with ccRCC risk in Chinese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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922
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Yang Q, Qiu C, Yang J, Wu Q, Cui Q. miREnvironment Database: providing a bridge for microRNAs, environmental factors and phenotypes. Bioinformatics 2011; 27:3329-30. [DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btr556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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923
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TFE3 Translocation-Associated Renal Cell Carcinoma Presenting as Avascular Necrosis of the Femur in a 19-Year-Old Patient: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Case Rep Med 2011; 2011:432917. [PMID: 22007232 PMCID: PMC3189466 DOI: 10.1155/2011/432917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In the United States, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 3% of adult malignancies and 90–95% of all neoplasms arising from the kidney. According to the National Cancer Institute, 58 240 new cases and 13 040 deaths from renal cancer will occur in 2010. RCC usually occurs in older adults between the ages of 50 and 70 and is rare in young adults and children. We describe a case of a TFE3 translocation-associated RCC in a 19-year-old patient presenting as avascular necrosis of the femur. Due to the rarity of this malignancy, we present this case including a review of the existing literature relative to diagnosis and treatment.
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924
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George SM, Moore SC, Chow WH, Schatzkin A, Hollenbeck AR, Matthews CE. A prospective analysis of prolonged sitting time and risk of renal cell carcinoma among 300,000 older adults. Ann Epidemiol 2011; 21:787-90. [PMID: 21737302 PMCID: PMC3413322 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2011.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accumulating evidence suggests an etiologic role in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) for physical activity. However, it is unknown if prolonged sitting, which is thought to be distinct from too little moderate-vigorous physical activity, is an independent risk factor for RCC. The authors prospectively examined the relationship of prolonged sitting and risk of RCC among 289,512 women and men in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study. METHODS From 1996 through 2006, 1206 invasive RCC cancer cases were identified. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate multivariate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS After controlling for known risk factors for RCC, we did not find evidence of associations between RCC risk and time spent per day sitting while watching television or videos (HR(7 + hrs: < 1 hr) = 0.96 (0.66, 1.38); p trend = 0.707) or total sitting time (HR(9 + hrs: < 3 hrs) = 1.11 (0.87, 1.41); p trend = 0.765). CONCLUSIONS Prolonged sitting time was not associated with RCC risk among men and women in this large cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M George
- Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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925
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Moyad MA. Heart health = urologic health and heart unhealthy = urologic unhealthy: rapid review of lifestyle changes and dietary supplements. Urol Clin North Am 2011; 38:359-67. [PMID: 21798398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Almost all aspects of urology are affected positively and negatively by certain lifestyle changes and dietary supplements. Some of these interventions have potential profound impacts independently or in combination with conventional therapy, others have no impact, and some could negatively impact treatment and overall health. The heart-healthiest recommendations have consistently served as the safest and most potentially effective options in urology from benign prostatic hyperplasia, chronic nonbacterial prostatitis, interstitial cystitis, multiple urologic cancers, male infertility, male and female sexual dysfunction, kidney stones, and Peyronie disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Moyad
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical Center, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0330, USA.
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926
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Wu S, Wang Y, Sun L, Zhang Z, Jiang Z, Qin Z, Han H, Liu Z, Li X, Tang A, Gui Y, Cai Z, Zhou F. Decreased expression of dual-specificity phosphatase 9 is associated with poor prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2011; 11:413. [PMID: 21943117 PMCID: PMC3198720 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs) are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to analyze the expression of dual-specificity phosphatase 9 (DUSP-9) and determine its clinical significance in human ccRCCs. METHODS The expression of DUSP-9 mRNA was determined in 46 paired samples of ccRCCs and adjacent normal tissues by using real-time qPCR. The expression of the DUSP-9 was determined in 211 samples of ccRCCs and 107 paired samples of adjacent normal tissues by immunohistochemical analysis. Statistical analysis was performed to define the relationship between the expression of DUSP-9 and the clinical features of ccRCC. RESULTS The mRNA level of DUSP-9, which was determined by real-time RT-PCR, was found to be significantly lower in tumorous tissues than in the adjacent non-tumorous tissues (p < 0.001). An immunohistochemical analysis of 107 paired tissue specimens showed that the DUSP-9 expression was lower in tumorous tissues than in the adjacent non-tumorous tissues (p < 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant correlation between the DUSP-9 expression in ccRCCs and gender (p = 0.031), tumor size (p = 0.001), pathologic stage (p = 0.001), Fuhrman grade (p = 0.002), T stage (p = 0.001), N classification (p = 0.012), metastasis (p = 0.005), and recurrence (p < 0.001). Patients with lower DUSP-9 expression had shorter overall survival time than those with higher DUSP-9 expression (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that low expression of the DUSP-9 was an independent predictor for poor survival of ccRCC patients. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first study that determines the relationship between DUSP-9 expression and prognosis in ccRCC. We found that decreased expression of DUSP-9 is associated with poor prognosis in ccRCC. DUSP-9 may represent a novel and useful prognostic marker for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wu
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, PR China
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927
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Daniel CR, Schwartz KL, Colt JS, Dong LM, Ruterbusch JJ, Purdue MP, Cross AJ, Rothman N, Davis FG, Wacholder S, Graubard BI, Chow WH, Sinha R. Meat-cooking mutagens and risk of renal cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2011; 105:1096-104. [PMID: 21897389 PMCID: PMC3185955 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-temperature cooked meat contains two families of carcinogens, heterocyclic amines (HCAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Given the kidneys' role in metabolism and urinary excretion of these compounds, we investigated meat-derived mutagens, as well as meat intake and cooking methods, in a population-based case-control study conducted in metropolitan Detroit and Chicago. METHODS Newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the renal parenchyma (renal cell carcinoma (RCC)) cases (n=1192) were frequency matched on age, sex, and race to controls (n=1175). The interviewer-administered Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ) included queries for meat-cooking methods and doneness with photographic aids. Levels of meat mutagens were estimated using the DHQ in conjunction with the CHARRED database. RESULTS The risk of RCC increased with intake of barbecued meat (P(trend)=0.04) and the PAH, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval, highest vs lowest quartile: 1.50 (1.14, 1.95), P(trend)=0.001). With increasing BaP intake, the risk of RCC was more than twofold in African Americans and current smokers (P(interaction)<0.05). We found no association for HCAs or overall meat intake. CONCLUSION BaP intake, a PAH in barbecued meat, was positively associated with RCC. These biologically plausible findings advocate further epidemiological investigation into dietary intake of BaP and risk of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Daniel
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 6120 Executive Boulevard, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
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928
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929
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Purdue MP, Colt JS, Graubard B, Davis F, Ruterbusch JJ, Digaetano R, Karami S, Wacholder S, Schwartz K, Chow WH. A case-control study of reproductive factors and renal cell carcinoma among black and white women in the United States. Cancer Causes Control 2011; 22:1537-44. [PMID: 21866373 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-011-9830-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) incidence is higher among blacks than whites in the United States and has been associated with the frequency and timing of childbirth among women in some epidemiologic studies. We investigated whether reproductive factors are associated with RCC, overall and by race, within a population-based case-control study. METHODS Between 2002 and 2007, 497 female cases of incident RCC (136 black, 361 white) and 546 female controls (273 black, 273 white) within the Detroit and Chicago metropolitan areas were enrolled. Information on reproductive history and other factors was collected through in-person interviews. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS Reduced RCC risk was observed among women aged ≥30 years at first live birth, relative to an age of <20 years (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.9). This association was present among both white (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.9) and, though not statistically significant, black women (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.2-1.8). In analyses restricted to clear cell adenocarcinoma, the most common RCC histological subtype, the association was particularly strong (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2-0.8). We did not observe clear evidence of association with RCC for other reproductive factors. CONCLUSIONS Our findings further support an association between late maternal age at first birth and reduced RCC risk, and suggest that the association may be particularly strong for clear cell adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health/DHHS, 6120 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20892-7240, USA.
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930
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Lossos C, Ferrell A, Duncan R, Lossos IS. Association between non-Hodgkin lymphoma and renal cell carcinoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2011; 52:2254-61. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2011.603443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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931
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Small renal mass: what the urologist needs to know for treatment planning and assessment of treatment results. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2011; 196:1267-73. [PMID: 21606288 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.10.6336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Small renal mass is a new distinct clinical entity. Detection of these tumors has increased with increased use of imaging. CONCLUSION We know that a proportion of these tumors are not renal cell carcinoma, and imaging-guided biopsy is being increasingly used for treatment planning. The objectives of this review are to provide an update on our current understanding of the biology of small renal masses and to review approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of these lesions.
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932
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Vashi PG, Abboud E, Gupta D. Renal cell carcinoma with unusual metastasis to the small intestine manifesting as extensive polyposis: successful management with intraoperative therapeutic endoscopy. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2011; 5:471-8. [PMID: 21960951 PMCID: PMC3180665 DOI: 10.1159/000331136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We present here a rare clinical case of a 53-year-old gentleman with metastasis from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) to the small intestine presenting with extensive polyposis and massive gastrointestinal bleeding which was successfully managed with intraoperative endoscopic polypectomy and segmental small bowel resection. The patient presented with melena 2 weeks after right nephrectomy for RCC. Capsule endoscopy found extensive polyposis throughout the small bowel, and the histological features confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic RCC. The patient eventually underwent laparotomy with intraoperative endoscopy of the entire small bowel. Most of the polyps were removed by snare polypectomy. Three segments of the small bowel with extensive transmural involvement had to be resected with primary anastomosis. In the 2 months following his surgery, the patient had no further evidence of gastrointestinal bleeding. The decision of meticulously removing close to 100 polyps by intraoperative endoscopy prevented the patient from requiring total small bowel resection and lifelong dependence on parenteral nutrition. In conclusion, gastrointestinal bleeding in a patient with known RCC should always trigger full gastrointestinal work-up including capsule endoscopy and, if necessary, double balloon enteroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj G Vashi
- Cancer Treatment Centers of America® at Midwestern Regional Medical Center, Zion, Ill., USA
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933
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Urol 2011; 21:440-5. [PMID: 21814056 DOI: 10.1097/mou.0b013e32834a26cd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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934
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Li X, Chen J, Hu X, Huang Y, Li Z, Zhou L, Tian Z, Ma H, Wu Z, Chen M, Han Z, Peng Z, Zhao X, Liang C, Wang Y, Sun L, Chen J, Zhao J, Jiang B, Yang H, Gui Y, Cai Z, Zhang X. Comparative mRNA and microRNA expression profiling of three genitourinary cancers reveals common hallmarks and cancer-specific molecular events. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22570. [PMID: 21799901 PMCID: PMC3143156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide gene expression profile using deep sequencing technologies can drive the discovery of cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Such efforts are often limited to profiling the expression signature of either mRNA or microRNA (miRNA) in a single type of cancer. METHODOLOGY Here we provided an integrated analysis of the genome-wide mRNA and miRNA expression profiles of three different genitourinary cancers: carcinomas of the bladder, kidney and testis. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Our results highlight the general or cancer-specific roles of several genes and miRNAs that may serve as candidate oncogenes or suppressors of tumor development. Further comparative analyses at the systems level revealed that significant aberrations of the cell adhesion process, p53 signaling, calcium signaling, the ECM-receptor and cell cycle pathways, the DNA repair and replication processes and the immune and inflammatory response processes were the common hallmarks of human cancers. Gene sets showing testicular cancer-specific deregulation patterns were mainly implicated in processes related to male reproductive function, and general disruptions of multiple metabolic pathways and processes related to cell migration were the characteristic molecular events for renal and bladder cancer, respectively. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that tumors with the same histological origins and genes with similar functions tended to group together in a clustering analysis. By assessing the correlation between the expression of each miRNA and its targets, we determined that deregulation of 'key' miRNAs may result in the global aberration of one or more pathways or processes as a whole. CONCLUSIONS This systematic analysis deciphered the molecular phenotypes of three genitourinary cancers and investigated their variations at the miRNA level simultaneously. Our results provided a valuable source for future studies and highlighted some promising genes, miRNAs, pathways and processes that may be useful for diagnostic or therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxin Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Beijing Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueda Hu
- Beijing Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhizhong Li
- Beijing Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhijian Tian
- Beijing Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Beijing Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyun Wu
- Beijing Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Maoshan Chen
- Beijing Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zujing Han
- Beijing Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyu Peng
- Beijing Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaokun Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | | | - Huanming Yang
- Beijing Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaoting Gui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiming Cai
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Urology, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiuqing Zhang
- Beijing Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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935
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Abstract
CONTEXT Kidney cancer is among the 10 most frequently occurring cancers in Western communities. Globally, about 270 000 cases of kidney cancer are diagnosed yearly and 116 000 people die from the disease. Approximately 90% of all kidney cancers are renal cell carcinomas (RCC). OBJECTIVE The causes of RCC are not completely known. We have reviewed known aetiologic factors. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The data provided in the current review are based on a thorough review of available original and review articles on RCC epidemiology with a systemic literature search using Medline. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Smoking, overweight and obesity, and germline mutations in specific genes are established risk factors for RCC. Hypertension and advanced kidney disease, which makes dialysis necessary, also increase RCC risk. Specific dietary habits and occupational exposure to specific carcinogens are suspected risk factors, but results in the literature are inconclusive. Alcohol consumption seems to have a protective effect for reasons yet unknown. Hardly any information is available for some factors that may have a high a priori role in the causation of RCC, such as salt consumption. CONCLUSIONS Large collaborative studies with uniform data collection seem to be necessary to elucidate a complete list of established risk factors of RCC. This is necessary to make successful prevention possible for a disease that is diagnosed frequently in a stage where curative treatment is not possible anymore.
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936
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Abstract
CONTEXT Advances in basic research will enhance prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of renal cancer patients. OBJECTIVE To discuss advances in our understanding of the molecular basis of renal cancer, targeted therapies, renal cancer and immunity, and genetic factors and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Data on recently published (2005-2011) basic science papers were reviewed. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Advances in basic research have shown that renal cancers can be subdivided based on specific genetic profiles. Now that this molecular basis has been established, it is becoming clear that additional events play a major role in the development of renal cancer. For example, aberrant chromatin remodelling appears to be a main driving force behind tumour progression in clear cell RCC. A large number of potential biomarkers have emerged using various high-throughput platforms, but adequate biomarkers for RCC are still lacking. To bring the potential biomarkers and biomarker profiles to the clinical arena is a major challenge for the field. The introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for therapy has shifted the interest away from immunologic approaches. Nevertheless, a wealth of evidence supports immunotherapy for RCC. Interestingly, studies are now appearing that suggest a combination of TKI and immunotherapy may be beneficial. Thus far, little attention has been paid to patient-specific differences. With high-throughput methods becoming cheaper and with the advances in sequencing possibilities, this situation is expected to change rapidly. CONCLUSIONS Great strides have been made in the understanding of molecular mechanisms of RCC. This has led this field to the enviable position of having a range of molecularly targeted therapies. Large sequencing efforts are now revealing more and more genes responsible for tumour development and progression, offering new targets for therapy. It is foreseen that through integration of high-throughput platforms, personalised cancer treatment for RCC patients will become possible.
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937
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Hofmann JN, Törner A, Chow WH, Ye W, Purdue MP, Duberg AS. Risk of kidney cancer and chronic kidney disease in relation to hepatitis C virus infection: a nationwide register-based cohort study in Sweden. Eur J Cancer Prev 2011; 20:326-30. [PMID: 21386707 PMCID: PMC3104067 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0b013e32834572fa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an established cause of liver cancer, and recent studies have suggested a link with kidney cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate risk of kidney cancer in relation to HCV infection in a nationwide registry-based study of Swedish residents diagnosed with HCV between 1990 and 2006. A total of 43 000 individuals with chronic HCV infection were included, and the mean follow-up time was 9.3 years. Observed kidney cancer incidence and mortality in the cohort were compared with expected values based on the age-adjusted and sex-adjusted rates in the general population. Risk of hospitalization for other chronic kidney disease was also evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression. No association between HCV infection and risk of kidney cancer was observed [standardized incidence ratio with 1-year lag=1.2; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.8-1.7]. Risk of hospitalization for noncancer kidney disease was significantly elevated in the HCV cohort, with significantly stronger associations observed among women than among men [hazard ratio=5.8 (95% CI: 4.2-7.9) and 3.9 (95% CI: 3.2-4.8) for women and men, respectively]. Results of this study do not support the hypothesis that chronic HCV infection confers an increased risk of kidney cancer. However, we did find an association between HCV infection and chronic kidney disease, particularly among women. Given inconsistent findings in the literature, it is premature to consider HCV infection to be a risk factor for kidney cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan N Hofmann
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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938
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Ambrosi P, Bertucci F, Kreitmann B. High incidence of asymptomatic renal cancer in late survivors after heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2011; 30:1202-3. [PMID: 21624838 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2011.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Ambrosi
- Department of Cardiology, Hôpital de la Timone, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
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939
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Treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma and renal pelvic cancer. Clin Exp Nephrol 2011; 15:331-338. [DOI: 10.1007/s10157-011-0438-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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940
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Cost NG, Margulis V. Reply from Authors re: Axel Bex, Noel Clarke. Targeted Caval Cytoreduction: Solid Foundations or Shifting Sands? Eur Urol 2011;59:919–20. Eur Urol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2011.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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941
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Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents the most common histological subtype of malignant kidney tumors. Based on symptoms alone, clear cell RCC is indistinguishable from other histological classes of RCC unless the tumor is present in the context of an RCC syndrome. Histopathological examination is, therefore, important to accurately identify clear cell RCC. Clear cell RCCs have characteristic morphological criteria; these tumors can be easily identified upon typical presentation, but diagnosis can be challenging when tumor cell pattern is unusual or when availability of tissue samples is limited. In this Review, the clinical, radiological and pathological characteristics of clear cell RCCs are described, as well as the potential tumors that can be confused with clear cell RCC and need to be considered in the differential diagnoses. Finally, the importance of an accurate diagnosis is highlighted in the context of the increasing use of preoperative tissue sampling and the prevalence of clear cell tumors associated with hereditary syndromes, which could have different therapeutic and prognostic implications for patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A Valera
- Translational Surgical Pathology section, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, MSC Room 2B44, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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942
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Anderson CB, Clark PE, Morgan TM, Stratton KL, Herrell SD, Davis R, Cookson MS, Smith JA, Chang SS. Urinary collecting system invasion is a predictor for overall and disease-specific survival in locally invasive renal cell carcinoma. Urology 2011; 78:99-104. [PMID: 21550647 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2011.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of urinary collecting system invasion (UCSI) on survival in patients with pathologic stage T3 renal cell carcinoma (RCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified 1420 patients who underwent nephrectomy at a single institution between 1988 and 2008. Patients with pT3 RCC and data on UCSI were examined (n=303). Clinicopathologic variables were compared using chi-square tests, and a multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards method was used to evaluate the relationship between UCSI and survival. RESULTS Of 303 patients with pT3 RCC, 67 (22.1%) had UCSI. UCSI was associated with higher T3 substage, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and sarcomatoid features, as well as a shorter 5-year overall (51.9% vs 30.4%; P=.003) and disease-specific survival (59% vs 33.9%; P<.001) compared with those without USCI. On multivariate analysis, UCSI was independently associated with overall (HR 1.49; 95% CI, 1.02-2.17) and disease-specific survival (HR 1.76; 95% CI, 1.15-2.68). CONCLUSIONS The presence of UCSI is independently associated with higher overall and disease-specific mortality in patients undergoing nephrectomy for pT3 RCC. Locally advanced tumors crossing an additional anatomic boundary into the urinary collecting system appear to represent a particularly aggressive form of disease. These data suggest consideration for including UCSI in the next TNM staging system for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Anderson
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-2765, USA.
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943
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Cao Q, Qin C, Meng X, Ju X, Ding Q, Wang M, Zhu J, Wang W, Li P, Chen J, Zhang Z, Yin C. Genetic polymorphisms in APE1 are associated with renal cell carcinoma risk in a Chinese population. Mol Carcinog 2011; 50:863-70. [PMID: 21538578 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2010] [Revised: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is a DNA repair protein, which plays important roles in the base excision repair (BER) pathway. Genetic variations of APE1 have been shown to influence an individual's susceptibility to carcinogenesis. We hypothesized the genetic polymorphisms of APE1 are associated with the risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In a case-control study of 612 RCC patients and 632 age and sex matched healthy controls, we genotyped two APE1 functional polymorphisms (-656 T>G, rs1760944 and 1349 T>G, rs1130409) and assessed their associations with risk of RCC. We found that, compared with 1349 TT/TG genotypes, the variant genotype 1349 GG had a significantly increased RCC risk [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10-1.95], particularly among subgroups of BMI > 23 kg/m(2) (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.06-2.22), male (OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.17-2.46), never smokers (OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.11-2.21), light smokers (OR = 2.01, 95%CI = 1.02-3.95), and drinkers (OR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.13-3.54). Furthermore, the polymorphism was significantly associated with risk of developing localized stage RCC. No altered RCC risk was associated with the -656 T>G polymorphism, but we found individuals who were homozygous for both risk alleles of the two SNPs had a 2.17-fold increased risk for RCC, compared to individuals with 0 risk alleles. Our results suggest that polymorphisms of APE1 may confer susceptibility to RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Cao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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944
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Lambert JR, Eddy VJ, Young CD, Persons KS, Sarkar S, Kelly JA, Genova E, Lucia MS, Faller DV, Ray R. A vitamin D receptor-alkylating derivative of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits growth of human kidney cancer cells and suppresses tumor growth. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2011; 3:1596-607. [PMID: 21149334 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D₃ [1,25(OH)₂D₃] has shown strong promise as an antiproliferative agent in several malignancies, yet its therapeutic use has been limited by its toxicity leading to search for analogues with antitumor property and low toxicity. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo properties of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃-3-bromoacetate [1,25(OH)₂D₃-3-BE], an alkylating derivative of 1,25(OH)₂D₃, as a potential therapeutic agent for renal cancer. Dose response of 1,25(OH)₂D₃-3-BE in 2 kidney cancer cell lines was evaluated for its antiproliferative and apoptotic properties, and mechanisms were evaluated by Western blot and FACS analyses. Therapeutic potential of 1,25(OH)₂D₃-3-BE was assessed both by determining its stability in human serum and by evaluating its efficacy in a mouse xenograft model of human renal tumor. We observed that 1,25(OH)₂D₃-3-BE is significantly more potent than an equivalent concentration of 1,25(OH)₂D₃ in inhibiting growth of A498 and Caki 1 human kidney cancer cells. 1,25(OH)₂D₃-3-BE-mediated growth inhibition was promoted through inhibition of cell-cycle progression by downregulating cyclin A and induction of apoptosis by stimulating caspase activity. Moreover, 1,25(OH)₂D₃-3-BE strongly inhibited Akt phosphorylation and phosphorylation of its downstream target, caspase-9. 1,25(OH)₂D₃-3-BE seemed to be stable in human serum. In xenograft mouse model of human renal tumor, 1,25(OH)₂D₃-3-BE was more potent at reducing tumor size than 1,25(OH)₂D₃, which was accompanied by an increase in apopotosis and reduction of cyclin A staining in the tumors. These results suggest a translational potential of this compound as a therapeutic agent in renal cell carcinoma. Data from this study and extensive studies of vitamin D for the prevention of many malignancies support the potential of 1,25(OH)₂D₃-3-BE for preventing renal cancer and the development of relevant in vivo prevention models for assessing this potential, which do not exist at present.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Lambert
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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945
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Budakoğlu B, Aksoy S, Arslan Ç, Üyetürk Ü, Babacan NA, Özcan MF, Yıldız R, Öven BB, Özdemir NY, Dizdar Ö, Büyükberber S, Akıncı MB, Türker I, Öksüzoğlu B, Altundag K, Zengin N. Frequency of HCV infection in renal cell carcinoma patients. Med Oncol 2011; 29:1892-5. [PMID: 21461964 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-011-9928-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic infections with hepatitis C virus (HCV) are frequently pronounced in the etiology of malignancies especially in hepatocellular carcinoma. The association between HCV and risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) development has been stated recently. The authors retrospectively evaluated hepatitis serology for HCV and HBV in patients who had RCC diagnosis between 2005 and 2010 in six oncology centers. Control group was also included from the three different published studies that hepatitis serology studied in healthy people that has been living in the same geographic regions. Histologically confirmed 903 RCC cases and 5,267 healthy subjects were included the study. Median age at diagnosis of RCC was 58 (range: 26-89). There was no increase in HCV positivity in RCC patients compared to healthy control group (1.7 vs. 1.5%; P = 0.77). Frequency of HBsAg positivity was 4.4 and 4.1% in RCC and control groups, respectively (P = 0.65). There is no increase in frequency of HCV and HBsAg positivity in RCC patients. HCV positivity in RCC patients were not different from the healthy people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burçin Budakoğlu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Oncology Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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946
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Herrero JI, Pardo F, D'Avola D, Alegre F, Rotellar F, Iñarrairaegui M, Martí P, Sangro B, Quiroga J. Risk factors of lung, head and neck, esophageal, and kidney and urinary tract carcinomas after liver transplantation: the effect of smoking withdrawal. Liver Transpl 2011; 17:402-8. [PMID: 21445923 DOI: 10.1002/lt.22247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver transplant recipients have an increased risk of malignancy. Smoking is related to some of the most frequent causes of posttransplant malignancy. The incidence and risk factors for the development of neoplasia related to smoking (head and neck, lung, esophageal, and kidney and urinary tract carcinomas) were studied in 339 liver transplant recipients. Risk factors for the development of smoking-related neoplasia were also studied in 135 patients who had a history of smoking so that it could be determined whether smoking withdrawal was associated with a lower risk of malignancy. After a mean follow-up of 7.5 years, 26 patients were diagnosed with 29 smoking-related malignancies. The 5- and 10-year actuarial rates were 5% and 13%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, smoking and older age were independently associated with a higher risk of malignancy. In the smoker subgroup, the variables related to a higher risk of malignancy were active smoking and older age. In conclusion, smoking withdrawal after liver transplantation may have a protective effect against the development of neoplasia.
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947
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Chen YJ, Chang YT, Wang CB, Wu CY. The risk of cancer in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a nationwide cohort study in Taiwan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:352-8. [PMID: 21279991 DOI: 10.1002/art.30134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and malignancy has rarely been explored in Asian populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the relative risk of cancer in Taiwanese patients with RA and to identify groups of patients with a high risk of cancer. METHODS We conducted a nationwide cohort study of the risk of cancer among 23,644 patients with RA who had no history of malignancies, using the National Health Insurance database of Taiwan from 1996 to 2007. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for various cancers were analyzed. RESULTS Among the patients with RA, 935 cancers were observed. Patients with RA had an increased risk of cancer (SIR 1.23, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.22-1.23), especially hematologic cancers (SIR 2.74, 95% CI 2.68-2.81). The relative risk of cancer was higher among younger patients. Most cancer cases were detected within the first year following the diagnosis of RA. The relative risk of cancer decreased as the duration of observation increased. Among hematologic cancers, the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was greatest (SIR 3.54, 95% CI 3.45-3.63). Among solid tumors, the risk of cancers of the kidney and vagina/vulva was highest. A decreased risk of cancers of the cervix and nonmelanoma skin cancer in patients with RA was also observed. CONCLUSION Patients with RA have an increased risk of cancer, especially hematologic and kidney cancers. The relative risk of cancer in patients with RA decreased with long-term followup. Cancer screening with continued vigilance is recommended for patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ju Chen
- Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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948
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Renal cell carcinoma with novel VCL-ALK fusion: new representative of ALK-associated tumor spectrum. Mod Pathol 2011; 24:430-42. [PMID: 21076462 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2010.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma represents a model for contemporary classification of solid tumors; however, unusual and unclassifiable cases exist and are not rare in children and young adults. The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene has recently been implicated in subsets of pulmonary, esophageal, breast, and colon cancers. These findings strengthen the importance of molecular classification of carcinomas across different organ sites, especially considering the evolving targeted anticancer therapies with ALK inhibitors. In the current study of six pediatric renal cell carcinomas, two cases exhibited structural karyotypic abnormalities involving the ALK locus on chromosomal band 2p23. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies were positive for an ALK rearrangement in one case, and subsequent 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends analysis of this tumor revealed that the 3' portion of the ALK transcript encoding for the kinase domain was fused in frame to the 5' portion of vinculin (VCL, NM_003373). The new fusion gene is predicted to have an open reading frame of 4122 bp encoding for a 1374-aa oncoprotein; its expression was shown by immunoblotting with anti-VCL and anti-ALK antibodies in tumor tissue lysates. Immunohistochemistry with the same antibodies demonstrated cytoplasmic and subplasmalemmal localization of the oncoprotein determined by its N-terminal VCL portion. FISH with a custom-designed VCL-ALK dual-fusion probe set confirmed the presence of the fusion in neoplastic cells and demonstrated the potential clinical utility of this approach for detecting VCL-ALK in routinely processed tissue. The five remaining pediatric renal cell carcinomas did not show ALK rearrangement by FISH or ALK expression by immunohistochemistry. The data identify the kidney as a new organ site for ALK-associated carcinomas and VCL as a novel ALK fusion partner. The results should prompt further studies to advance the molecular classification of renal cell carcinoma and help to select patients who would benefit from appropriate targeted therapies.
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949
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Lew JQ, Chow WH, Hollenbeck AR, Schatzkin A, Park Y. Alcohol consumption and risk of renal cell cancer: the NIH-AARP diet and health study. Br J Cancer 2011; 104:537-41. [PMID: 21245859 PMCID: PMC3049576 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6606089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The effect of moderate to heavy drinking (>15 g per day) on renal cell cancer (RCC) risk is unclear. Method: The relationship between alcohol consumption and RCC was examined in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study (n=49 2187, 1814 cases). Results: Compared with >0 to <5 g per day of alcohol consumption, the multivariate relative risk (95% confidence intervals) for 15 to <30 and ⩾30 g per day was, 0.75 (0.63–0.90) and 0.71 (0.59–0.85), respectively, in men and 0.67 (0.42–1.07) and 0.43 (0.22–0.84), respectively, in women. Conclusion: Alcohol consumption was inversely associated with RCC in a dose–response manner. The inverse association may be extended to ⩾30 g per day of alcohol intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Q Lew
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 6120 Executive Blvd., Bethesda, MD, USA
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950
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Sun M, Thuret R, Abdollah F, Lughezzani G, Schmitges J, Tian Z, Shariat SF, Montorsi F, Patard JJ, Perrotte P, Karakiewicz PI. Age-Adjusted Incidence, Mortality, and Survival Rates of Stage-Specific Renal Cell Carcinoma in North America: A Trend Analysis. Eur Urol 2011; 59:135-41. [PMID: 21035250 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2010.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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