901
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Echeverria D, Woods JS, Heyer NJ, Rohlman DS, Farin FM, Bittner AC, Li T, Garabedian C. Chronic low-level mercury exposure, BDNF polymorphism, and associations with cognitive and motor function. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2009; 27:781-96. [PMID: 16301096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2005.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2004] [Revised: 08/22/2005] [Accepted: 08/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Potential cognitive and motor effects from exposure to elemental mercury (Hg(0)) were examined in the presence and absence of a polymorphism (Val66Met) in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). A group of 194 male dentists (DDs) and 233 female dental assistants (DAs) were occupationally exposed to mercury and had no history of kidney or nervous system disorders. Acute exposure was measured using spot urinary Hg (HgU) concentrations (average 3.32 and 1.98 microg/l, respectively) and indices of chronic occupational exposure (26.3 and 14.9 years, respectively, weighted for historical exposures). The BDNF status was 68% and 66% wild type, 26% and 30% single substitution, and 5% and 4% full mutation for DDs and DAs, respectively. DDs and DAs were evaluated separately. Regression analyses controlled for age, premorbid intelligence, alcohol consumption, and education. Statistically significant adverse associations with HgU (p<.05) were found for nine measures among DDs (Digit Span (Forward), Digit and Spatial Span(Backward), Visual Reproduction, Finger Tapping(Dominant, Alternate, and Alternate Partialed), Hand Steadiness, and Tracking), and eight measures among DAs (Digit Span(Forward), Visual Reproduction, Pattern Discrimination(Rate), Symbol Digit(Rate), Trailmaking B, Finger Tapping(Dominant and Alternate Partialed), and Hand Steadiness). The BDNF status was associated with four measures in DDs and three measures in DAs. Joint effects were found for Finger Tapping(Alternate and Alternate Partialed) in DDs and Hand Steadiness and Trailmaking B in DAs. Joint effects were additive in all cases. Performance on verbal intelligence and reaction time were not associated with either HgU or BDNF status. A test of threshold effect for the association of Hand Steadiness with HgU demonstrated no lower boundary in both DDs and DAs. No associations were observed with estimates of chronic mercury exposure. Our findings are applicable to exposure levels of the general population and identify a potentially vulnerable group with a BDNF polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Echeverria
- Battelle Centers for Public Health Research and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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902
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Broniatowski M, Dynarowicz-Łatka P. Search for the Molecular Mechanism of Mercury Toxicity. Study of the Mercury(II)−Surfactant Complex Formation in Langmuir Monolayers. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:4275-83. [DOI: 10.1021/jp810339e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Broniatowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
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903
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904
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Malagutti KS, da Silva AP, Braga HC, Mitozo PA, Soares Dos Santos AR, Dafre AL, de Bem AF, Farina M. 17β-estradiol decreases methylmercury-induced neurotoxicity in male mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2009; 27:293-297. [PMID: 21783955 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2008.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Revised: 11/09/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that health effects of toxic metals, including methylmercury (MeHg), differ in prevalence or are manifested differently in men and women. The present study was aimed at investigating the potential differential susceptibility of male and female Swiss mice against MeHg-induced neurotoxicity, which was evaluated by biochemical (cerebellar oxidative stress-related parameters) and behavioral (locomotor activity and motor performance) variables. We also aimed to evaluate the potential protective effects of 17β-estradiol against such toxicity in MeHg-exposed male animals. MeHg exposure (40mg/L, diluted in tap water, during 2 weeks) decreased locomotor activity and motor performance in both male and female animals, but such phenomena were higher in males. 17β-estradiol co-treatment (10μg/animal, in alternate days) prevented MeHg-induced locomotor deficits in males. MeHg exposure caused a significant increase (60%) in cerebellar lipid peroxidation in male mice, but did not in females. In close agreement, MeHg exposure decreased (43%) cerebellar glutathione peroxidase activity in males, but did not in females. These events were prevented by 17β-estradiol administration. Cerebellar GR activity was increased (25%) in MeHg-exposed males and such event was partially prevented by 17β-estradiol administration. These results indicate that the low susceptibility of female mice to the neurotoxicity elicited by MeHg is linked to neuroprotective effects of sex steroids, which appear to modulate the activities of glutathione-related enzymes. Our experimental observation corroborates previous epidemiological studies showing the greater developmental effects in male than in female humans exposed to MeHg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keller Samara Malagutti
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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905
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Abstract
The heavy metal mercury is ubiquitously distributed in the environment resulting in permanent low-level exposure in human populations. Mercury can be encountered in three main chemical forms (elemental, inorganic, and organic) which can affect the immune system in different ways. In this review, we describe the effects of these various forms of mercury exposure on immune cells in humans and animals. In genetically susceptible mice or rats, subtoxic doses of mercury induce the production of highly specific autoantibodies as well as a generalized activation of the immune system. We review studies performed in this model and discuss their implications for the role of environmental chemicals in human autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Vas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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906
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Guentzel JL. Wetland influences on mercury transport and bioaccumulation in South Carolina. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2009; 407:1344-53. [PMID: 19036414 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2008] [Revised: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
There are three distinct geological provinces in South Carolina (SC), with the blue ridge/piedmont regions in the west/central portion of the state and the coastal plain region in the central/eastern region of the state. Samples were collected along this gradient to identify potential factors contributing to the concentrations of total Hg and total organic carbon (TOC) throughout the state. Overall, there is a gradient across the state, with water column concentrations of total Hg (9-53 pM) and TOC (80-2721 microM) increasing as one moves from the blue ridge/piedmont region to the coastal floodplain region. Total Hg at all sites in SC is significantly (R2=0.78; P<0.001) correlated with TOC in the water samples. This correlation explains 78% of the variance in the data and suggests that mercury is associated with organic matter in water bodies throughout the state. A study of mercury speciation within the coastal plain Waccamaw River indicates that concentrations of total Hg range from 10-68 pM and methyl Hg concentrations range from 1-7 pM. Watershed transport efficiencies for coastal floodplain rivers sampled in this study range from 32-72% for total Hg and 78-477% for methyl Hg. The coastal plain sites are located in watersheds that contain a significantly (P<0.001) higher percentage of wetlands (16.3+/-5%) than the blue ridge/piedmont region (1.14+/-1.6%), suggesting that drainage through wetlands contributes to the increased concentrations of TOC and total Hg found in SC coastal plain rivers. There is a significant correlation between mean fish Hg concentrations in largemouth bass from each watershed and percent wetland area in each watershed (R2=0.66; P=0.003). This correlation explains 66% of the variance in the data and suggests that increasing percentages of wetland area contribute to fish Hg concentrations in SC coastal plain rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane L Guentzel
- Coastal Carolina University, Department of Marine Science, P.O. Box 261954 Conway, SC 29528-6054, USA.
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907
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Moses SK, Whiting AV, Bratton GR, Taylor RJ, O'Hara TM. Inorganic nutrients and contaminants in subsistence species of Alaska: linking wildlife and human health. Int J Circumpolar Health 2009; 68:53-74. [PMID: 19331242 PMCID: PMC2713769 DOI: 10.3402/ijch.v68i1.18294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine inorganic nutrient and contaminant concentrations in subsistence foods consumed by Alaska Natives, concentration changes related to common preparation methods and provide a basic risk-benefit analysis for these foods. STUDY DESIGN Eleven essential and six non-essential elements were measured in foods derived from spotted seals and sheefish. METHODS Essential nutrients in foodstuffs were compared to Daily Recommended Intake (DRI) criteria. Non-essential elements were compared to Tolerable Daily Intake Limits (TDIL). These comparisons serve as a risk-benefit analysis, not as consumption advice. RESULTS Cooking altered nutrient and contaminant concentrations. Spotted seal muscle and kidney are rich in Fe and Se; liver in Cu, Fe, Mo and Se; and sheefish muscle in Se. TDIL was exceeded in a 100 g serving of seal for THg in raw and fried liver and boiled kidney; MeHg in dried muscle and raw and fried liver; Cd in raw and boiled kidney; and As in raw and rendered blubber. Arsenic exceeded TDIL in sheefish muscle. However, toxicity potential is likely reduced by the element form (i.e., organic As, inorganic Hg) and the presence of protective nutrients such as Se. CONCLUSIONS Preparation methods alter wildlife tissues from their raw state, significantly affecting element concentrations. Direct evaluation of actual food items is warranted to determine risk-benefit ratios of traditional diets. Traditional foods provide many essential nutrients with a very limited risk from contaminants. We encourage continued consumption of traditional foods, and urge public health agencies to develop applicable models for providing consumption advice, incorporating food processing considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara K Moses
- Department of Biology and Wildlife and Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks 99775-7000, USA.
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908
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Zhou P, Meng Q, He G, Wu H, Duan C, Quan X. Highly sensitive fluorescence probe based on functional SBA-15 for selective detection of Hg2+in aqueous media. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:648-53. [DOI: 10.1039/b815287j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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909
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Goldson E. Autism: an update. Adv Pediatr 2009; 56:187-201. [PMID: 19968949 DOI: 10.1016/j.yapd.2009.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Goldson
- The Children's Hospital, 13123 E. 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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910
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Lee JY, Lihm HS, Choi JS, Cha HS. The Effect of Vitamin C for Mercury Excretion by Hair Mercury Analysis. Korean J Fam Med 2009. [DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.2009.30.9.717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Yun Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ho-Seob Lihm
- Department of Family Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jong-Soon Choi
- Department of Family Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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911
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Jana A, Kim JS, Jung HS, Bharadwaj PK. A cryptand based chemodosimetric probe for naked-eye detection of mercury(ii) ion in aqueous medium and its application in live cell imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:4417-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b907646h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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912
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Heyer NJ, Echeverria D, Martin MD, Farin FM, Woods JS. Catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) VAL158MET functional polymorphism, dental mercury exposure, and self-reported symptoms and mood. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2009; 72:599-609. [PMID: 19296409 PMCID: PMC2866512 DOI: 10.1080/15287390802706405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Associations were evaluated between a functional single nucleotide polymorphism (Val158Met) in the gene encoding the catecholamine catabolic enzyme catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT), dental mercury exposure, and self-reported symptoms and mood among 183 male dentists and 213 female dental assistants. Self-reported symptoms, mood, and detailed work histories were obtained by computerized questionnaire. Spot urine samples were collected and analyzed for mercury concentrations to evaluate recent exposures, whereas a chronic mercury exposure index for all subjects was created from the work histories. COMT polymorphism status was determined using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay. Scores for current, recent, and chronic self-reported symptom groups and six self-reported mood factors were evaluated with respect to recent and chronic mercury exposure and COMT polymorphism status. Multiple regression analysis controlled for age, socioeconomic status, tobacco and alcohol use, self-reported health problems, and medications. Separate evaluations were conducted for dentists and dental assistants. No consistent patterns of association between either urinary mercury concentration or the chronic index of mercury exposure and any category of symptoms were observed. However, consistent and significant associations were found between increased symptoms and the COMT polymorphism involving the double allelic substitution (full mutation) compared to subjects with no substitutions. Associations with mood were limited to polymorphism status among female dental assistants, and were observed for four of six mood factors and overall mood score. These findings extend evidence of genetic factors potentially affecting human susceptibility to the toxic effects of mercury and other environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Heyer
- Battelle Centers for Public Health Research and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Diana Echeverria
- Battelle Centers for Public Health Research and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael D. Martin
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Federico M. Farin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - James S. Woods
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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913
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Kubánˇ P, Pelcová P, Margetínová J, Kubánˇ V. Mercury speciation by CE: An update. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:92-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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914
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Jiang W, Wang W. A selective and sensitive “turn-on” fluorescent chemodosimeter for Hg2+ in aqueous media via Hg2+ promoted facile desulfurization–lactonization reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:3913-5. [PMID: 19662250 DOI: 10.1039/b903606g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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915
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Huang W, Zhu X, Wua D, He C, Hu X, Duan C. Structural modification of rhodamine-based sensors toward highly selective mercury detection in mixed organic/aqueous media. Dalton Trans 2009:10457-65. [DOI: 10.1039/b914490k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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916
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Muhamedagic B, Muhamedagic L, Masic I. Dental office waste - public health and ecological risk. Mater Sociomed 2009; 21:35-8. [PMID: 24133379 PMCID: PMC3796776 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2009.21.35-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CONFLICT OF INTEREST: NONE DECLARED Waste management is one of the key ecological challenges of the modern world. As dental practitioners, we must recognize that some of the materials and procedures we use to provide dental health services may present challenges to the environment. Realizing this, we can begin to take measures to minimize the production of these wastes and their potential environmental effects. Dental office waste typically cause toxic chemicals to enter our streams, sewers, and landfills. This paper identifies some common wastes produced by dental offices (dental amalgam, silver, lead, biomedical and general office waste) and provides practical suggestions for reducing the impact of our profession on the environment. To dispose of dental wastes, if recycling is not an option, proper disposal as hazardous waste is necessary. But, problem is that dental waste is in most cases dumped at uncontrolled disposal sites, and that is public health and ecological risk.
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917
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Martins RDP, Braga HDC, da Silva AP, Dalmarco JB, de Bem AF, dos Santos ARS, Dafre AL, Pizzolatti MG, Latini A, Aschner M, Farina M. Synergistic neurotoxicity induced by methylmercury and quercetin in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 47:645-9. [PMID: 19141311 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2008] [Revised: 11/10/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a highly neurotoxic pollutant, whose mechanisms of toxicity are related to its pro-oxidative properties. A previous report showed under in vivo conditions the neuroprotective effects of plants of the genus Polygala against MeHg-induced neurotoxicity. Moreover, the flavonoid quercetin, isolated from Polygala sabulosa, displayed beneficial effects against MeHg-induced oxidative damage under in vitro conditions. In this study, we sought for potential beneficial effects of quercetin against the neurotoxicity induced by MeHg in Swiss female mice. Animals were divided into six experimental groups: control, quercetin low dose (5 mg/kg), quercetin high dose (50 mg/kg), MeHg (40 mg/L, in tap water), MeHg+quercetin low dose, and MeHg+quercetin high dose. After the treatment (21 days), a significant motor deficit was observed in MeHg+quercetin groups. Biochemical parameters related to oxidative stress showed that the simultaneous treatment with quercetin and MeHg caused a higher cerebellar oxidative damage when compared to the individual exposures. MeHg plus quercetin elicited a higher cerebellar lipid peroxidation than MeHg or quercetin alone. The present results indicate that under in vivo conditions quercetin and MeHg cause additive pro-oxidative effects toward the mice cerebellum and that such phenomenon is associated with the observed motor deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta de P Martins
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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918
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Ye BC, Yin BC. Highly sensitive detection of mercury(II) ions by fluorescence polarization enhanced by gold nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:8386-9. [PMID: 18833550 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200803069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bang-Ce Ye
- Laboratory of Biosystems and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Meilong RD 130, Shanghai, 200237, PR China.
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919
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Can Hg(II) be Determined via Quenching of the Emission of Green Fluorescent Protein from Anemonia sulcata var. smaragdina? Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2008; 158:51-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-008-8435-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2008] [Accepted: 11/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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920
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Chen CY, Serrell N, Evers DC, Fleishman BJ, Lambert KF, Weiss J, Mason RP, Bank MS. Meeting report: Methylmercury in marine ecosystems--from sources to seafood consumers. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2008; 116:1706-12. [PMID: 19079724 PMCID: PMC2599767 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.11211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2007] [Accepted: 07/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Mercury and other contaminants in coastal and open-ocean ecosystems are an issue of great concern globally and in the United States, where consumption of marine fish and shellfish is a major route of human exposure to methylmercury (MeHg). A recent National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences-Superfund Basic Research Program workshop titled "Fate and Bioavailability of Mercury in Aquatic Ecosystems and Effects on Human Exposure," convened by the Dartmouth Toxic Metals Research Program on 15-16 November 2006 in Durham, New Hampshire, brought together human health experts, marine scientists, and ecotoxicologists to encourage cross-disciplinary discussion between ecosystem and human health scientists and to articulate research and monitoring priorities to better understand how marine food webs have become contaminated with MeHg. Although human health effects of Hg contamination were a major theme, the workshop also explored effects on marine biota. The workgroup focused on three major topics: a) the biogeochemical cycling of Hg in marine ecosystems, b) the trophic transfer and bioaccumulation of MeHg in marine food webs, and c) human exposure to Hg from marine fish and shellfish consumption. The group concluded that current understanding of Hg in marine ecosystems across a range of habitats, chemical conditions, and ocean basins is severely data limited. An integrated research and monitoring program is needed to link the processes and mechanisms of MeHg production, bioaccumulation, and transfer with MeHg exposure in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Y Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
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921
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Diphenyl diselenide, a simple organoselenium compound, decreases methylmercury-induced cerebral, hepatic and renal oxidative stress and mercury deposition in adult mice. Brain Res Bull 2008; 79:77-84. [PMID: 19047014 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Accepted: 11/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been pointed out as an important molecular mechanism in methylmercury (MeHg) intoxication. At low doses, diphenyl diselenide ((PhSe)2), a structurally simple organoselenium compound, has been shown to possess antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. Here we have examined the possible in vivo protective effect of diphenyl diselenide against the potential pro-oxidative effects of MeHg in mouse liver, kidney, cerebrum and cerebellum. The effects of MeHg exposure (2 mg/(kg day) of methylmercury chloride 10 ml/kg, p.o.), as well as the possible antagonist effect of diphenyl diselenide (1 and 0.4 mg/(kg day); s.c.) on body weight gain and on hepatic, cerebellar, cerebral and renal levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), non-protein thiols (NPSH), ascorbic acid content, mercury concentrations and activities of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) were evaluated after 35 days of treatment. MeHg caused an increase in TBARS and decreased NPSH levels in all tissues. MeHg also induced a decrease in hepatic ascorbic acid content and in renal GPx and CAT activities. Diphenyl diselenide (1 mg/kg) conferred protection against MeHg-induced hepatic and renal lipid peroxidation and at both doses prevented the reduction in hepatic NPSH levels. Diphenyl diselenide also conferred a partial protection against MeHg-induced oxidative stress (TBARS and NPSH) in liver and cerebellum. Of particular importance, diphenyl diselenide decreased the deposition of Hg in cerebrum, cerebellum, kidney and liver. The present results indicate that diphenyl diselenide can protect against some toxic effects of MeHg in mice. This protection may be related to its antioxidant properties and its ability to reduce Hg body burden. We posit that formation of a selenol intermediate, which possesses high nucleophilicity and high affinity for MeHg, accounts for the ability of diphenyl diselenide to ameliorate MeHg-induced toxicity.
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922
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Huang W, Zhou P, Yan W, He C, Xiong L, Li F, Duan C. A bright water-compatible sugar-rhodamine fluorescence sensor for selective detection of Hg2+ in natural water and living cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 11:330-5. [PMID: 19212590 DOI: 10.1039/b814890m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
By combination of a sugar group and a rhodamine group into one molecule, a bright and specific fluorescent sensor for Hg(2+) in natural water and living cells was achieved. RG1 features the high quantum efficiency for a Hg(2+)-bound sensor in natural water and sensitivity to environmentally relevant mercury in complex natural samples. The limit of detection of Hg(2+) of 1 ppb level suggests that RG1 is capable of distinguishing between the safe and toxic levels of inorganic mercury in drinking water. RG1 also establishes excellent Hg(2+)-ion specificity over alkali-, alkaline-earth metals and the first-row transition metals as well as Pb(2+) and Ag(+). Investigation on the fluorescence imaging of Hg(2+) in living cells demonstrates that RG1 might be used for monitoring Hg(2+) within biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Coordination Chemistry Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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923
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Relationship between fish intake, n-3 fatty acids, mercury and risk markers of CHD (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002). Public Health Nutr 2008; 12:1261-9. [PMID: 18986590 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980008003844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fish consumption has been shown to be inversely associated with CHD, which may be due to n-3 fatty acids. The n-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA, are naturally found only in marine sources. Dietary intakes of methylmercury from certain fish have been hypothesized to increase the risk of CHD. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between 30 d fish frequency consumption (assessed by FFQ), total blood Hg concentrations and risk markers of CHD in women aged 16-49 years participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002. DESIGN Multiple linear regression analyses were used to test (i) the relationships between 30 d fish frequency consumption and five CHD risk markers, i.e. HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, TAG and C-reactive protein (CRP); and (ii) if total blood Hg attenuated any associations between fish consumption and CHD risk markers in non-pregnant, non-diabetic females aged 16-49 years. RESULTS Total 30 d fish frequency consumption was negatively associated with CRP (b = -0.10, 95 % CI -0.19, -0.02, P = 0.015) and positively associated with HDL-C (b = 1.40, 95 % CI 0.31, 2.50, P = 0.014). Adjustment for other risk factors did not significantly attenuate the associations. Despite the collinearity between fish and Hg, there is a protective association between fish intake and CHD risk factors. CONCLUSIONS The levels of DHA + EPA and other nutrients in fish may be adequate to offset the hypothesized risks of heart disease related to ingesting Hg from fish.
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924
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Sapkota A, Sapkota AR, Kucharski M, Burke J, McKenzie S, Walker P, Lawrence R. Aquaculture practices and potential human health risks: current knowledge and future priorities. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2008; 34:1215-26. [PMID: 18565584 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2008.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2007] [Revised: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 04/25/2008] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Annual global aquaculture production has more than tripled within the past 15 years, and by 2015, aquaculture is predicted to account for 39% of total global seafood production by weight. Given that lack of adequate nutrition is a leading contributor to the global burden of disease, increased food production through aquaculture is a seemingly welcome sign. However, as production surges, aquaculture facilities increasingly rely on the heavy input of formulated feeds, antibiotics, antifungals, and agrochemicals. This review summarizes our current knowledge concerning major chemical, biological and emerging agents that are employed in modern aquaculture facilities and their potential impacts on public health. Findings from this review indicate that current aquaculture practices can lead to elevated levels of antibiotic residues, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, persistent organic pollutants, metals, parasites, and viruses in aquacultured finfish and shellfish. Specific populations at risk of exposure to these contaminants include individuals working in aquaculture facilities, populations living around these facilities, and consumers of aquacultured food products. Additional research is necessary not only to fully understand the human health risks associated with aquacultured fish versus wild-caught fish but also to develop appropriate interventions that could reduce or prevent these risks. In order to adequately understand, address and prevent these impacts at local, national and global scales, researchers, policy makers, governments, and aquaculture industries must collaborate and cooperate in exchanging critical information and developing targeted policies that are practical, effective and enforceable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Sapkota
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland College Park School of Public Health, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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925
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Ye BC, Yin BC. Highly Sensitive Detection of Mercury(II) Ions by Fluorescence Polarization Enhanced by Gold Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200803069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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926
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Hg2+ and Cd2+ interact differently with biomimetic erythrocyte membranes. Biometals 2008; 22:261-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-008-9162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2008] [Accepted: 08/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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927
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Jarosińska D, Horvat M, Sällsten G, Mazzolai B, Dabkowska B, Prokopowicz A, Biesiada M, Barregård L. Urinary mercury and biomarkers of early renal dysfunction in environmentally and occupationally exposed adults: a three-country study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2008; 108:224-232. [PMID: 18684440 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2008.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2007] [Revised: 05/25/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a cross-sectional study in Sweden, Italy and Poland to assess environmental and occupational exposure to mercury from chloralkali (CA) plants and the potential association with biomarkers of early renal dysfunction. Questionnaire data and first-morning urine samples were collected from 757 eligible subjects. Urine samples were analysed for mercury corrected for creatinine (U-HgC), alpha-1-microglobulin (A1M), N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) and albumin. Determinants of urinary mercury excretion were examined. Levels of kidney markers were compared in three U-HgC categories, and differences were tested taking age and other covariates into account. In the general population, the median U-HgC was higher in Italian (1.2 microg/gC) than in Polish (0.22 microg/gC) or Swedish (0.21 microg/gC) subjects, and no effect of living close to CA plants could be shown. Dental amalgam, chewing on amalgam, and fish consumption were positively associated with U-HgC. In subjects from the general population, no effects on the kidney markers could be detected, while in men, including workers occupationally exposed to mercury, U-HgC was positively associated with the kidney markers, especially with NAG, but to some extent also with A1M and albumin. Differences in urinary mercury and kidney markers in the general population between three studied countries could possibly be due to dietary factors, increased susceptibility to mercury at low selenium intake or co-exposure to other nephrotoxic metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Jarosińska
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Sosnowiec, Poland.
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928
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Kumar N. INDUSTRIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL TOXINS. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2008. [DOI: 10.1212/01.con.0000337996.78044.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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929
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Nolan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139, USA
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930
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Abstract
With the long history of use of many materials in dental surgery, biocompatibility concerns are not as great a concern as other issues, such as long-term degradation, mechanical strength problems, and prevention of secondary caries. It is important, however, not to forget that the potential exists for adverse tissue responses to synthetic materials used in repair, augmentation, and repair of natural tissue structures. As new materials and repair techniques become available and the sophistication of cell-level and subcellular response evaluations increases, the concerns to be addressed and the methods to be used may change. The advent of tissue-engineered medical products may mean that new questions must be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R St John
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center School of Dentistry, 2500 North State Street, Jackson 39216, USA.
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931
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Chang JY, Tsai PF. Prevention of methylmercury-induced mitochondrial depolarization, glutathione depletion and cell death by 15-deoxy-delta-12,14-prostaglandin J(2). Neurotoxicology 2008; 29:1054-61. [PMID: 18778734 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2008.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2008] [Revised: 08/05/2008] [Accepted: 08/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is an environmental toxin that causes severe neurological complications in humans and experimental animals. In addition to neurons, glia in the central nervous system are very susceptible to MeHg toxicity. Pretreatment of glia with the prostaglandin derivative, 15-deoxy-delta-12,14-prostaglandin J(2) (15d-PGJ(2)), caused a significant protection against MeHg cytotoxicity. Results with the C6 glioma cells demonstrated that the protection was dependent on the duration of pretreatment, suggesting that time was required for the up-regulation of cellular defenses. Subsequent experiments indicated that 15d-PGJ(2) prevented MeHg induced mitochondrial depolarization. Similar protection against MeHg cytotoxicity was observed in primary cultures of mouse glia. Analysis of cellular glutathione (GSH) levels indicated that 15d-PGJ(2) caused an up-regulation of GSH and prevented MeHg-induced GSH depletion. Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a GSH synthesis inhibitor, completely inhibited the GSH induction by 15d-PGJ(2). However, BSO did not prevent the stabilization of mitochondrial potential and only partially prevented the protection caused by 15d-PGJ(2). While induction of heme oxygenase-1 was implicated in the cytoprotection by 15d-PGJ(2) under some experimental conditions, additional experiments indicated that this enzyme was not involved in the cytoprotection observed in this system. Together, these results suggested that while up-regulation of GSH by 15d-PGJ(2) might help cells to defend against MeHg toxicity, there may be other yet unidentified mechanism(s) initiated by 15d-PGJ(2) treatment that contributed to its protection against MeHg cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Y Chang
- Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
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932
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Zhu Z, Chan GCY, Ray SJ, Zhang X, Hieftje GM. Use of a Solution Cathode Glow Discharge for Cold Vapor Generation of Mercury with Determination by ICP-Atomic Emission Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2008; 80:7043-50. [DOI: 10.1021/ac8011126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenli Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Atomic and Molecular Nanosciences of Education Ministry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - George C.-Y. Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Atomic and Molecular Nanosciences of Education Ministry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Steven J. Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Atomic and Molecular Nanosciences of Education Ministry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Xinrong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Atomic and Molecular Nanosciences of Education Ministry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Gary M. Hieftje
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Atomic and Molecular Nanosciences of Education Ministry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
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933
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Carvalho MC, Nazari EM, Farina M, Muller YMR. Behavioral, morphological, and biochemical changes after in ovo exposure to methylmercury in chicks. Toxicol Sci 2008; 106:180-5. [PMID: 18684774 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfn158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is an environmental pollutant known to induce neurotoxicity in several animal species, including humans. However, studies focusing the effects of MeHg poisoning in chicks were based on phenomenological approaches and did not delve into the molecular mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the postnatal consequences of the in ovo exposure to MeHg on behavioral, morphological and biochemical parameters in chicks. At the fifth embryonic day (E5), Gallus domesticus eggs were submitted to a single injection of 0.1 microg MeHg/0.05 ml saline. After treatment, the eggs returned to the incubator until hatching (E21). From first to fifth postnatal days (PN 1-PN 5), the MeHg-treated chicks showed lower frequency of exploratory movements and a significantly higher frequency of wing and anomalous movements. Cerebellar glutathione (GSH) levels and the activities of the GSH-related enzymes GSH reductase and GSH peroxidase were significantly higher (70, 72, and 80%, respectively) in MeHg exposed chicks in comparison to controls. Mercury impregnation was densest in the granular layer, followed by the Purkinje and molecular layers of treated chicks. A significant reduction of the number of Purkinje cells, as well as a greater distance between these cells were observed in chicks of MeHg group. Our results disclose that the prehatching exposure to MeHg induced motor impairments, which were correlated to histological damage and alterations on the cerebellar GSH system's development from PN 1 to PN 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia C Carvalho
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88090-400 Santa Catarina, Brazil
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934
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Lee JS, Mirkin CA. Chip-Based Scanometric Detection of Mercuric Ion Using DNA-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2008; 80:6805-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac801046a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Seung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Chad A. Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
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935
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Wu D, Huang W, Lin Z, Duan C, He C, Wu S, Wang D. Highly Sensitive Multiresponsive Chemosensor for Selective Detection of Hg2+ in Natural Water and Different Monitoring Environments. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:7190-201. [DOI: 10.1021/ic8004344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dayu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China, and State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China, and State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China
| | - Zhihua Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China, and State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China
| | - Chunying Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China, and State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China
| | - Cheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China, and State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China
| | - Shuo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China, and State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China
| | - Dehui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China, and State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China
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936
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Validity of methyl mercury hair analysis: mercury monitoring in human scalp/nude mouse model. J Appl Toxicol 2008; 28:535-42. [PMID: 18004718 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The grafting of human scalp hair was used as a new application of this method to explore methyl mercury incorporation into human hair and to validate this model for mercury monitoring in hair. METHODS Human scalp grafts were transplanted to athymic BALB/c nude mice. The animals were exposed to methyl mercury either as a single dose i.p. or continuously for 4 months, using ALZET osmotic pumps. The mercury concentration in hair was determined using x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry by segmental (2 mm) analysis of a single strand, and tissue concentrations were measured by cold vapor atomic absorption analysis. RESULTS Human scalp hair grown in nude mice showed long-term persistence of human features including the expression of histocompatibility antigens (KAB 3, W 6/32, SF 1-1.1.1) and normal hair morphometry. The disposition of methyl mercury in nude mice followed a one-compartment model with a whole body elimination half-life of 6.7 days (elimination constant, k = 0.1/day). Autoradiographic studies revealed that methyl mercury was rapidly incorporated into areas of the hair follicle undergoing active keratinization. Methyl mercury concentrations in human hair transplanted onto nude mice were two orders of magnitude higher than in blood and attained a mean hair: blood ratio of 217 : 1, similar to ratios reported only in human studies. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that human hair grown on nude mice can record the level of exposure to methyl mercury and can serve as a valuable research tool to study mercury incorporation into human hair.
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937
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Tang B, Cui LJ, Xu KH, Tong LL, Yang GW, An LG. A sensitive and selective near-infrared fluorescent probe for mercuric ions and its biological imaging applications. Chembiochem 2008; 9:1159-64. [PMID: 18338355 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A new mercury(II) near-infrared region fluorescent probe 3,9-dithia-6-monoazaundecane-tricarbocyanine has been designed and synthesized. It consists of two functional moieties: the tricarbocyanine performs as the near-infrared region fluorophore, and the 3,9-dithia-6-monoazaundecane acts as the selected binding site for metal ions. The near-IR excitation and emission profiles of the probe can minimize cell and tissue damage and avoid native fluorescence from natural cellular species. It exhibits fluorescence increase upon the binding of the Hg(2+) based on the inhibition of the photoinduced electron transfer quenching mechanism. Excellent sensitivity and selectivity for mercuric ions are observed with this probe. The value of the system is demonstrated by its use in monitoring the real-time uptake of Hg(2+) within HepG2 cells and five day old zebrafish. The synthesis and remarkable properties of it help to extend the development of metal ions fluorescent probes for biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tang
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.
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938
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Cercy SP, Wankmuller MM. Cognitive dysfunction associated with elemental mercury ingestion and inhalation: a case study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 15:79-91. [PMID: 18443944 DOI: 10.1080/09084280801917889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A 63-year-old man with a history of alcohol dependence ingested elemental mercury as a suicide gesture. Serial abdominal X-rays showed gradual but incomplete clearance of mercury from the colon. Routine chest X-ray showed evidence of punctate radiopaque materials in the lower lobe of the right lung. Blood and urine mercury levels both exceeded thresholds considered to be associated with cognitive dysfunction. Elicited cognitive deficits were most prominent in processing speed, flexibility, and response inhibition. Semantic fluency, visuospatial processing, and recall memory for visual and low-context verbal material were also affected. The deficits may have been attributable primarily to alcohol abuse. Elemental mercury is not readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract; however, mercury vapor, which was inhaled inadvertently, readily crosses the blood-brain barrier and is neurotoxic. We argue, therefore, that mercury toxicity is more likely than not to have been a factor contributing to the patient's cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Cercy
- Mental Health Service, Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York Campus, USA
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939
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Caballero A, Espinosa A, Tárraga A, Molina P. Ferrocene-Based Small Molecules for Dual-Channel Sensing of Heavy- and Transition-Metal Cations. J Org Chem 2008; 73:5489-97. [DOI: 10.1021/jo800709v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Caballero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Arturo Espinosa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Tárraga
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro Molina
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
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940
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Suresh M, Shrivastav A, Mishra S, Suresh E, Das A. A Rhodamine-Based Chemosensor that Works in the Biological System. Org Lett 2008; 10:3013-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ol800976d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moorthy Suresh
- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR), Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Anupama Shrivastav
- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR), Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Sandhya Mishra
- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR), Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
| | - E. Suresh
- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR), Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Amitava Das
- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR), Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
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941
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Valera B, Dewailly E, Poirier P. Cardiac autonomic activity and blood pressure among Nunavik Inuit adults exposed to environmental mercury: a cross-sectional study. Environ Health 2008; 7:29. [PMID: 18538022 PMCID: PMC2443124 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-7-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Accepted: 06/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mercury is a contaminant that reaches high levels in Nunavik (North of Quebec). It is transformed into methylmercury (MeHg) and accumulated in marine mammals and predator fish, an important part of the traditional Inuit diet. MeHg has been suggested to affect BP in adults and children while the influence on HRV has only been studied in children. We aimed to assess the impact of MeHg levels on HRV and BP in Inuit adults from Nunavik. METHODS In the fall of 2004, the <<Qanuippitaa?>> Health Survey was conducted in Nunavik (Quebec, Canada) and information on HRV was collected among 280 adults aged 40 years and older. Indicators of the time and frequency domains of HRV were derived from a 2-hour Holter recording. BP was measured according to the Canadian Coalition for High Blood Pressure technique. Pulse pressure (PP) was the difference between systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Blood mercury concentration was used as exposure biomarker. Statistical analysis was conducted through linear regression and multivariable linear regression was used to control for confounders. RESULTS Mercury was negatively correlated with low frequency (LF) (r = -0.18; p = 0.02), the standard deviation of RR intervals (SDNN) (r = -0.14; p = 0.047) and the coefficient of variation of RR intervals (CVRR) (r = -0.18; p = 0.011) while correlations with other HRV parameters did not reach statistical significance. After adjusting for confounders, the association with LF (beta = -0.006; p = 0.93) became non significant. However, the association with SDANN became statistically significant (beta = -0.086; p = 0.026) and CVRR tended to decrease with blood mercury concentrations (beta = -0.057; p = 0.056). Mercury was positively correlated with SBP (r = 0.25; p < 0.0001) and PP (r = 0.33; p < 0.0001). After adjusting for confounders, these associations remained statistically significant (beta SBP = 4.77; p = 0.01 and beta PP = 3.40; p = 0.0036). Moreover, most of the HRV parameters correlated well with BP although SBP the best before adjustment for mercury exposure. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest a deleterious impact of mercury on BP and HRV in adults. SBP and PP increased with blood mercury concentrations while SDANN decreased with blood mercury concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Valera
- Public Health Research Unit, 2875 Boulevard Laurier, Édifice Delta 2, bureau 600, G1V 2M2, Quebec (Qc), Canada
| | - Eric Dewailly
- Public Health Research Unit, 2875 Boulevard Laurier, Édifice Delta 2, bureau 600, G1V 2M2, Quebec (Qc), Canada
| | - Paul Poirier
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval Hospital Research Centre, 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, G1V 4G5, Québec (Qc), Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec (Qc), Canada
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942
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Liu SJ, Fang C, Zhao Q, Fan QL, Huang W. A Highly Selective, Colorimetric, and Fluorometric Multisignaling Chemosensor for Hg2+
Based on Poly(p
-phenyleneethynylene) Containing Benzo[2,1,3]thiadiazole. Macromol Rapid Commun 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200800080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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943
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Wataha JC, Lewis JB, McCloud VV, Shaw M, Omata Y, Lockwood PE, Messer RL, Hansen JM. Effect of mercury(II) on Nrf2, thioredoxin reductase-1 and thioredoxin-1 in human monocytes. Dent Mater 2008; 24:765-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2007.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2007] [Revised: 08/30/2007] [Accepted: 09/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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944
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Hollenstein M, Hipolito C, Lam C, Dietrich D, Perrin D. A Highly Selective DNAzyme Sensor for Mercuric Ions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200800960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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945
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Hollenstein M, Hipolito C, Lam C, Dietrich D, Perrin D. A Highly Selective DNAzyme Sensor for Mercuric Ions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:4346-50. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200800960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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946
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He G, Zhao Y, He C, Liu Y, Duan C. “Turn-On” Fluorescent Sensor for Hg2+ via Displacement Approach. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:5169-76. [PMID: 18479122 DOI: 10.1021/ic702494s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangjie He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116012, China
| | - Yonggang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116012, China
| | - Cheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116012, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116012, China
| | - Chunying Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116012, China
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947
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Lee RJ, Strohmeier BR, Bunker KL, Van Orden DR. Naturally occurring asbestos: a recurring public policy challenge. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2008; 153:1-21. [PMID: 18180100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.11.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2007] [Revised: 11/16/2007] [Accepted: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The potential environmental hazards and associated public health issues related to exposure to respirable dusts from the vicinity of natural in-place asbestos deposits (commonly referred to as naturally occurring asbestos, NOA) have gained the regulatory and media spotlight in many areas around the United States, such as Libby, MT, Fairfax County, VA, and El Dorado Hills, CA, among others. NOA deposits may be present in a variety of geologic formations. It has been suggested that airborne asbestos may be released from NOA deposits, and absent appropriate engineering controls, may pose a potential health hazard if these rocks are crushed or exposed to natural weathering and erosion or to human activities that create dust. The issue that needs to be addressed at a policy level is the method of assessing exposures to elongated rock fragments ubiquitous in dust clouds in these same environments and the associated risk. Elongated rock fragments and single crystal minerals present in NOA have been construed by some as having attributes, including the health effects, of asbestos fibers. However, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA), and the Consumer Products Safety Commission (CPSC) found that the scientific evidence did not support this assumption. As in many environmental fields of study, the evidence is often disputed. Regulatory policy is not uniform on the subject of rock fragments, even within single agencies. The core of the issue is whether the risk parameters associated with exposures to commercial asbestos can or should be applied to rock fragments meeting an arbitrary set of particle dimensions used for counting asbestos fibers. Inappropriate inclusion of particles or fragments results in dilution of risk and needless expenditure of resources. On the other hand, inappropriate exclusion of particles or fragments may result in increased and unnecessary risk. Some of the fastest growing counties in the United States are in areas where NOA is known to exist and therefore this issue takes on national significance. This ongoing national dilemma has raised public and business concerns. There has been continuing political and scientific debate and widespread miscommunication over perceived versus actual health risks, the validity of various analytical sampling and testing methods, the questionable necessity and escalating costs of remediation procedures, and the combined negative impact on numerous commercial and public interests. Thus, conflicting research and regulatory positions on the distinctions between and hazards of true asbestos and ordinary rock fragments is all that is presently available to the public until the differing scientific communities and government agencies arrive at a consensus on these issues. The risk assessment methodology and the analytical technology needed to support inferences drawn from existing research are available, but have not been organized and implemented in the manner needed to resolve the NOA controversy. There should exist nationally adopted and peer-reviewed NOA standards (developed jointly by the scientific community, health risk professionals, and government regulators) that establish: (1) a scientific basis for risk evaluation and assessment of NOA and rock fragments; (2) accepted analytical protocols for determining if NOA actually exists in a given area and for separating NOA from related non-asbestos rock fragments and single crystal minerals; and (3) effective public policies for managing NOA, minimizing potential hazards, and protecting public health. This article will review some of the key issues involved with the current NOA debate, propose improved analytical methodologies, describe potential solutions for dealing with NOA, and outline the benefits to be gained by creating a practical national NOA public policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Lee
- RJ Lee Group Inc, Monroeville, PA 15146, USA
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948
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Bose-O'Reilly S, Lettmeier B, Gothe RM, Beinhoff C, Siebert U, Drasch G. Mercury as a serious health hazard for children in gold mining areas. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2008; 107:89-97. [PMID: 18321481 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2008.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2007] [Revised: 11/08/2007] [Accepted: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In many developing countries, mercury is used to extract gold from ore in small-scale mining areas. Exposure through mercury in these small-scale mining communities is a serious health hazard, especially to the children living and working there. Many children begin working with immediate contact to mercury from the very early age of seven. In Indonesia and Zimbabwe, 166 children were clinically examined for mercury. The mercury concentration in the blood, urine, and hair was analyzed. Compared to the control groups, the exposed children showed typical symptoms of mercury intoxication, such as ataxia. The children working with mercury had high levels of this substance in the various biomonitors. The exposure derives mainly from the liquid mercury used to bind gold, forming an amalgam. The amalgam is heated and the smelting amalgam releases mercury vapor plus the wanted gold. Mercury vapor in contrast to liquid mercury is highly toxic. This elemental, vaporized mercury is the main form of exposure. Since in over 50 countries children live in small-scale gold mining areas and are exposed in a similar way to mercury, immediate action is needed to reduce this severe chemical health hazard for children. Child labor with hazardous substances such as mercury must be stopped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Bose-O'Reilly
- Institute of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology Assessment, UMIT-University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Eduard Wallnoefer-Zentrum I, A-6060 Hall i.T., Austria.
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949
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Bélanger MC, Mirault ME, Dewailly E, Plante M, Berthiaume L, Noël M, Julien P. Seasonal mercury exposure and oxidant-antioxidant status of James Bay sport fishermen. Metabolism 2008; 57:630-6. [PMID: 18442625 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2007.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2007] [Accepted: 12/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of a moderate seasonal exposure to methylmercury on plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and cardiovascular risk indices are not known. The objective of the study was to assess the effects of a seasonal exposure to mercury at similar dose reported to increase cardiovascular risk through fish consumption. Effects on lipoprotein cholesterol and fatty acid profiles, LDL oxidation, and blood oxidant-antioxidant balance were to be assessed in sport fishermen presenting normal blood selenium and omega-3 fatty acid contents. Thirty-one healthy James Bay sport fishermen were assessed for within-subject longitudinal seasonal variations in hair and blood mercury, plasma oxidized LDL, lipophilic antioxidants, homocysteine, blood selenium, and glutathione peroxidase and reductase activities determined before and after the fishing season and compared by matched-pair tests. Hair mercury doubled during the fishing season (2.8+/-0.4 microg/g, P<.0001). Baseline blood selenium, homocysteine, and erythrocyte fatty acid profiles did not change. Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased (+5%, P=.05), whereas very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and oxidized LDL decreased (-8%, P=.05; -18%, P=.008). Blood glutathione peroxidase (+9.7%, P=.001), glutathione reductase (+7.2%, P<.0001), and total glutathione (+45% P<.0001) increased during the fishing season. Plasma total coenzyme Q10 (+13%, P=.02), ubiquinone-10 (+67%, P=.03), and beta-carotene (+46%, P=.01) also increased, whereas vitamin E status was unaffected. Pairwise correlations revealed no association between mercury exposure and any of the biomarkers investigated. In contrast, strong predictors of cardiovascular risk such as high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, oxidized LDL, and glutathione peroxidase improved during the fishing season despite elevated methylmercury exposure. The beneficial effects of seasonal fishing activity and fish consumption on cardiovascular health may suppress detrimental effects of concomitant moderate methylmercury exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claire Bélanger
- Québec Lipid Research Centre, CHUL Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada G1V 4G2
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950
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Ototoxicity induced by cinnabar (a naturally occurring HgS) in mice through oxidative stress and down-regulated Na+/K+-ATPase activities. Neurotoxicology 2008; 29:386-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2008.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2007] [Revised: 01/11/2008] [Accepted: 01/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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