99901
|
Morgese MG, Schiavone S, Bove M, Colia AL, Dimonte S, Tucci P, Trabace L. N-3 PUFA Prevent Oxidative Stress in a Rat Model of Beta-Amyloid-Induced Toxicity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14040339. [PMID: 33917814 PMCID: PMC8068120 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are involved in brain disorders associated to amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity for which oxidative stress, neurochemical dysfunctions, and neuroinflammation are underlying mechanisms. Here, mechanisms through which lifelong exposure to n-3 PUFA-enriched or n-6/n-3 balanced diets could elicit a protective role in a rat model of Aβ-induced toxicity were investigated. To this aim, we quantified hippocampal reactive oxygen species (ROS) amount, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and interleukin-10 levels, NADPH oxidase (NOX) 1, NOX2, superoxide dismutase 1, and glutathione contents, as well as plasmatic malondialdehyde. Moreover, in the same experimental groups, we assessed tryptophan, serotonin, and its turnover, kynurenine, and noradrenaline amounts. Results showed increased hippocampal ROS and NOX2 levels, serotonin turnover, kynurenine, and noradrenaline contents in Aβ-treated rats. Both n-6/n-3 balanced and n-3 PUFA enriched diets reduced ROS production, NOX1 and malondialdehyde levels, serotonin turnover, and kynurenine amount in Aβ-injected rats, while increasing NOX2, superoxide dismutase 1, and serotonin contents. No differences in plasmatic coenzyme Q10, reduced glutathione (GSH) and tryptophan levels were detected among different experimental groups, whereas GSH + oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels were increased in sham animals fed with n-3 PUFA enriched diet and in Aβ-treated rats exposed to both n-6/n-3 balanced and n-3 enriched diets. In addition, Aβ-induced decrease of interleukin-10 levels was prevented by n-6/n-3 PUFA balanced diet. N-3 PUFA enriched diet further increased interleukin-10 and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels. In conclusion, our data highlight the possible neuroprotective role of n-3 PUFA in perturbation of oxidative equilibrium induced by Aβ-administration.
Collapse
|
99902
|
Egawa N, Tanaka T, Matsufuji S, Yamada K, Ito K, Kitagawa H, Okuyama K, Kitajima Y, Noshiro H. Antitumor effects of low-dose tipifarnib on the mTOR signaling pathway and reactive oxygen species production in HIF-1α-expressing gastric cancer cells. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:1465-1475. [PMID: 33773069 PMCID: PMC8091580 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) suppress tumor aggressiveness in several malignancies by inhibiting Ras signaling. However, treatment of cells with a low dose of the FTI tipifarnib suppresses the expression of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) and results in antitumor effects without inhibiting the Ras pathway. Although we previously reported that elevated HIF‐1α expression is associated with an aggressive phenotype in gastric cancer (GC), little is known about the antitumor effects of FTIs on GC. In this study, we examined the relationship between the antitumor effects of low‐dose tipifarnib and HIF‐1α expression in GC cells. Under normoxic conditions, HIF‐1α was expressed only in MKN45 and KATOIII cells. The inhibitory effect of tipifarnib on HIF‐1α was observed in HIF‐1α‐positive cells. Low‐dose tipifarnib had antitumor effects only on HIF‐1α‐positive cells both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, low‐dose tipifarnib inactivated ras homolog enriched in brain (Rheb)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in HIF‐1α‐positive GC cells. Our results that the antitumor effects of low‐dose tipifarnib are at least partially mediated through suppression of mTOR signaling and HIF‐1α expression via inhibition of Rheb farnesylation and reduction in ROS levels. These findings suggest that low‐dose tipifarnib may be capable of exerting an antitumor effect that is dependent on HIF‐1α expression in GC cells. Tipifarnib may have potential as a novel therapeutic agent for HIF‐1α‐expressing GC exhibiting an aggressive phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Egawa
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shohei Matsufuji
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kotaro Ito
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | | | - Yoshihiko Kitajima
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Japan.,Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Higashisaga Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Noshiro
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
99903
|
Dube P, DeRiso A, Patel M, Battepati D, Khatib-Shahidi B, Sharma H, Gupta R, Malhotra D, Dworkin L, Haller S, Kennedy D. Vascular Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease: Diversity in the Vessel Wall. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040404. [PMID: 33917965 PMCID: PMC8068383 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is one of the major causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). VC is a complex process expressing similarity to bone metabolism in onset and progression. VC in CKD is promoted by various factors not limited to hyperphosphatemia, Ca/Pi imbalance, uremic toxins, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and activation of multiple signaling pathways in different cell types, including vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), macrophages, and endothelial cells. In the current review, we provide an in-depth analysis of the various kinds of VC, the clinical significance and available therapies, significant contributions from multiple cell types, and the associated cellular and molecular mechanisms for the VC process in the setting of CKD. Thus, we seek to highlight the key factors and cell types driving the pathology of VC in CKD in order to assist in the identification of preventative, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies for patients burdened with this disease.
Collapse
|
99904
|
Luo YH, Huang ZT, Zong KZ, Cao ZR, Peng DD, Zhou BY, Shen A, Yan P, Wu ZJ. miR-194 ameliorates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury via targeting PHLDA1 in a TRAF6-dependent manner. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107604. [PMID: 33839577 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is an inevitable pathological process in liver resection, shock and transplantation. However, the internal mechanism of hepatic IRI, including inflammatory transduction of multiple signaling pathways, is not fully understood. In the present study, we identified pleckstrin homology-like domain family member 1 (PHLDA1), suppressed by microRNA (miR)-194, as a critical intersection of dual inflammatory signals in hepatic IRI. PHLDA1 was upregulated in hepatic IRI with a concomitant downregulation of miR-194. Overexpression of miR-194 diminished PHLDA1 and inhibitors of the nuclear factor kappa-B kinase (IKK) pathway, thus leading to remission of hepatic pathological injury, apoptosis and release of cytokines. Further enrichment of PHLDA1 reversed the function of miR-194 both in vivo and in vitro. For an in-depth query, we verified PHLDA1 as a direct target of miR-194. Notably, inflammatory signal transduction of PHLDA1 was induced by activating TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), sequentially initiating IKK and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), both of which aggravate stress and inflammation in hepatic IRI. In conclusion, the miR-194/PHLDA1 axis was a key upstream regulator of IKK and MAPK in hepatic IRI. Targeting PHLDA1 might be a potential strategy for hepatic IRI therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hai Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zuo-Tian Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ke-Zhen Zong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhen-Rui Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Da-Di Peng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bao-Yong Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ai Shen
- Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Tumor Center, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Ping Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhong-Jun Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
99905
|
Heng Y, Liang Y, Zhang J, Li L, Zhang W, Jiang Y, Wang S, Jia L. Camptothecin Inhibits Neddylation to Activate the Protective Autophagy Through NF- κB/AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 Axis in Human Esophageal Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:671180. [PMID: 33898327 PMCID: PMC8061413 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.671180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The neddylation pathway is overactivated in esophageal cancer. Our previous studies indicated that inactivation of neddylation by the NAE inhibitor induced apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. Camptothecin (CPT), a well-known anticancer agent, could induce apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. However, whether CPT could affect the neddylation pathway and the molecular mechanisms of CPT-induced autophagy in esophageal cancer remains elusive. We found that CPT induced apoptosis and autophagy in esophageal cancer. Mechanistically, CPT inhibited the activity of neddylation and induced the accumulation of p-IkBa to block NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, CPT induced the generation of ROS to modulate the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 axis to finally promote protective autophagy. In our study, we elucidate a novel mechanism of the NF-κB/AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway in CPT-induced protective autophagy in esophageal cancer cells, which provides a sound rationale for combinational anti-ESCC therapy with CPT and inhibition AMPK/ULK1 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Heng
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yupei Liang
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junqian Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihui Li
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyu Jiang
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiwen Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijun Jia
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
99906
|
Chrustek A, Hołyńska-Iwan I, Olszewska-Słonina D. The influence of pyrethroides: permethrin, deltamethrin
and alpha-cypermetrin on oxidative damage. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2021. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.8309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrethroids, synthetic derivatives of natural pyrethrins derived from Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolim,
are commonly used for plant protection in the forestry, agricultural, pharmaceutical industry
as well as in medicine and veterinary medicine. They can enter the body by inhalation,
ingestion and skin contact. It was assumed that they are characterized by low toxicity to humans,
are quickly metabolized and do not accumulate in tissues, and are excreted in the urine. Despite
the existing restrictions, their use carries a great risk, because these compounds and their metabolites
can get into the natural environment, contaminating water, soil and food. The consequences
of using pyrethroids as a direct threat to animal and human health have been described
for many years. They are published on an ongoing basis informing about poisoning with these
compounds in humans and animals, and about fatalities after their taking. Children are most at
risk because pyrethroids can be found in breast milk. These compounds have nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic,
immunotoxic, neurotoxic effects and have a negative effect on the reproductive system
and the fetus. Pyrethroids such as permethrin, deltamethrin, alpha-cypermethrin are approved
by the World Health Organization for daily use; however, numerous scientific studies indicate
that they can cause oxidative stress. They lead to DNA, protein, lipid damage and induction of
apoptosis. The purpose of the work was to collect and systematize the available knowledge regarding
the induction of oxidative stress by selected pyrethroids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Chrustek
- Katedra Patobiochemii i Chemii Klinicznej, Wydział Farmaceutyczny, Collegium Medicum im. L. Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu
| | - Iga Hołyńska-Iwan
- Katedra Patobiochemii i Chemii Klinicznej, Wydział Farmaceutyczny, Collegium Medicum im. L. Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu
| | - Dorota Olszewska-Słonina
- Katedra Patobiochemii i Chemii Klinicznej, Wydział Farmaceutyczny, Collegium Medicum im. L. Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu
| |
Collapse
|
99907
|
Wu W, Wang W, Qi L, Wang Q, Yu L, Lin JM, Hu Q. Screening of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors by Liquid Crystal-Based Assay Assisted with Enzyme Catalysis-Induced Aptamer Release. Anal Chem 2021; 93:6151-6157. [PMID: 33826305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule drugs play an important role in the treatment of various diseases. The screening of enzyme inhibitors is one of the most important means in developing therapeutic drugs. Herein, we demonstrate a liquid crystal (LC)-based screening assay assisted with enzyme catalysis-induced aptamer release for screening xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitors. The oxidation of xanthine by XOD prevents the specific binding of xanthine and its aptamer, which induces a bright image of LCs. However, when XOD is inhibited, xanthine specifically binds to the aptamer. Correspondingly, LCs display a dark image. Three compounds are identified as potent XOD inhibitors by screening a small library of triazole derivatives using this method. Molecular docking verifies the occupation of the active site by the inhibitor, which also exhibits excellent biocompatibility to HEK293 cells and HeLa cells. This strategy takes advantages of the unique aptamer-target binding, specific enzymatic reaction, and simple LC-based screening assay, which allows high-throughput and label-free screening of inhibitors with high sensitivity and remarkable accuracy. Overall, this study provides a competent and promising approach to facilitate the screening of enzyme inhibitors using the LC-based assay assisted with the enzyme catalysis-induced aptamer release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Weiguo Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, P. R. China
| | - Lubin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Quanbo Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Li Yu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiongzheng Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| |
Collapse
|
99908
|
Luo M, Gan RY, Li BY, Mao QQ, Shang A, Xu XY, Li HY, Li HB. Effects and Mechanisms of Tea on Parkinson’s Disease, Alzheimer’s Disease and Depression. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1904413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bang-Yan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou
| | - Qian-Qian Mao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou
| | - Ao Shang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou
| | - Xiao-Yu Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou
| | - Hang-Yu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou
| |
Collapse
|
99909
|
Hu M, Fang J, Wang H, Zhou S. Proteome and Phosphoproteome Analyses Reveal the Kinase Regulatory Network Involved in Glycogen Synthesis Kinase 3β. Front Genet 2021; 12:657140. [PMID: 33897769 PMCID: PMC8059835 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.657140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is the most common chronic kidney disease in the world and the main cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The structural integrity of podocytes is fundamental to the normal function of the glomerulus, and the role of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) in podocytes is complicated. A thorough understanding of GSK-3β is crucial to understand the mechanism of diabetic nephropathy. To analyze the roles of GSK-3β in podocytes, GSK-3β knockdown lentivirus by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated protein (Cas)9 was applied to establish stable cell lines. Mass spectrometry was utilized to search for differentially expressed proteins. Consequently, we found 34 proteins with higher levels and 115 proteins with lower levels in GSk-3β knockdown cells than in control cells and identified 581 phosphosites with higher phosphorylation levels and 288 phosphosites with lower phosphorylation levels. We performed functional enrichment analysis of these proteins and phosphorylated proteins based on public databases. Enrichment analysis revealed that GSK-3β participates in the spliceosome, Hippo signaling pathway, actin binding, structural molecule activity, and other pathways. Then, we used motif analysis of phosphate sites to determine 89 conserved motifs based on 1,068 phosphoserine (pS) sites and 15 conserved motifs in view of 104 phosphothreonine (pT) sites. Additionally, protein–protein interaction network analysis was carried out using the STRING database. Cytoscape’s add-on Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) was used to analyze key and core protein groups. In quantitative differential protein analysis, four MCODEs were obtained, and 22 MCODEs were obtained in the analysis of the phosphoproteome of differentially expressed proteins. Finally, we analyzed the kinase regulatory network in podocytes after GSK-3β knockdown and identified 299 protein kinases and 3,460 significantly changed phosphorylation modification sites on 1,574 proteins. These results will be valuable for further research on GSK-3β.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Zhengzhou University School of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiuyuan Fang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Zhengzhou University School of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sijie Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
99910
|
Eiras MC, Pinheiro DP, Romcy KAM, Ferriani RA, Reis RMD, Furtado CLM. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: the Epigenetics Behind the Disease. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:680-694. [PMID: 33826098 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00516-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders, affecting approximately 5-20% of women of reproductive age. PCOS is a multifactorial, complex, and heterogeneous disease, characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovaries, which may lead to impaired fertility. Besides the reproductive outcomes, multiple comorbidities, such as metabolic disturbances, insulin resistance, obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, are associated with PCOS. In addition to the clear genetic basis, epigenetic alterations may also play a central role in PCOS outcomes, as environmental and hormonal alterations directly affect clinical manifestations and PCOS development. Here, we highlighted the epigenetic modifications in the multiplicity of clinical manifestations, as well as environmental epigenetic disruptors, as intrauterine hormonal and metabolic alterations affecting embryo development and the adulthood lifestyle, which may contribute to PCOS development. Additionally, we also discussed the new approaches for future studies and potential epigenetic biomarkers for the treatment of associated comorbidities and improvement in quality of life of women with PCOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Credendio Eiras
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Pascoalino Pinheiro
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1000, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, 60430-275, CE, Brazil
| | - Kalil Andrade Mubarac Romcy
- Drug Research and Development Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical and Surgical Sciences, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1000, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Rui Alberto Ferriani
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosana Maria Dos Reis
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, SP, Brazil.
| | - Cristiana Libardi Miranda Furtado
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, SP, Brazil. .,Drug Research and Development Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical and Surgical Sciences, Federal University of Ceara, Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1000, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-275, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
99911
|
Burns FN, Alila MA, Zheng H, Patil PD, Ibanez ACS, Luk YY. Exploration of Ligand-receptor Binding and Mechanisms for Alginate Reduction and Phenotype Reversion by Mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1975-1985. [PMID: 33666373 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria in general can develop a wide range of phenotypes under different conditions and external stresses. The phenotypes that reside in biofilms, overproduce exopolymers, and show increased motility often exhibit drug tolerance and drug persistence. In this work, we describe a class of small molecules that delay and inhibit the overproduction of alginate by a non-swarming mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Among these molecules, selected benzophenone-derived alkyl disaccharides cause the mucoid bacteria to swarm on hydrated soft agar gel and revert the mucoid to a nonmucoid phenotype. The sessile (biofilm) and motile (swarming) phenotypes are controlled by opposing signaling pathways with high and low intracellular levels of bis-(3',5')-cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (cdG), respectively. As our molecules control several of these phenotypes, we explored a protein receptor, pilin of the pili appendages, that is consistent with controlling these bioactivities and signaling pathways. To test this binding hypothesis, we developed a bacterial motility-enabled binding assay that uses the interfacial properties of hydrated gels and bacterial motility to conduct label-free ligand-receptor binding studies. The structure-activity correlation and receptor identification reveal a plausible mechanism for reverting mucoid to nonmucoid phenotypes by binding pili appendages with ligands capable of sequestering and neutralizing reactive oxygen species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felicia N Burns
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 1-014 CST, 111 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Mercy A Alila
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 1-014 CST, 111 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Hewen Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 1-014 CST, 111 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Pankaj D Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 1-014 CST, 111 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Arizza Chiara S Ibanez
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 1-014 CST, 111 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Yan-Yeung Luk
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 1-014 CST, 111 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| |
Collapse
|
99912
|
Motility Plays an Important Role in the Lifetime of Mammalian Lipid Droplets. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083802. [PMID: 33916886 PMCID: PMC8067576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The lipid droplet is a kind of organelle that stores neutral lipids in cells. Recent studies have found that in addition to energy storage, lipid droplets also play an important role in biological processes such as resistance to stress, immunity, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and signal transduction. Lipid droplets are formed at the endoplasmic reticulum, and mature lipid droplets participate in various cellular processes. Lipid droplets are decomposed by lipase and lysosomes. In the life of a lipid droplet, the most important thing is to interact with other organelles, including the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, peroxisomes, and autophagic lysosomes. The interaction between lipid droplets and other organelles requires them to be close to each other, which inevitably involves the motility of lipid droplets. In fact, through many microscopic observation techniques, researchers have discovered that lipid droplets are highly dynamic organelles that move quickly. This paper reviews the process of lipid droplet motility, focusing on explaining the molecular basis of lipid droplet motility, the factors that regulate lipid droplet motility, and the influence of motility on the formation and decomposition of lipid droplets. In addition, this paper also proposes several unresolved problems for lipid droplet motility. Finally, this paper makes predictions about the future research of lipid droplet motility.
Collapse
|
99913
|
Bichiou H, Bouabid C, Rabhi I, Guizani-Tabbane L. Transcription Factors Interplay Orchestrates the Immune-Metabolic Response of Leishmania Infected Macrophages. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:660415. [PMID: 33898331 PMCID: PMC8058464 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.660415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a group of heterogenous diseases considered as an important public health problem in several countries. This neglected disease is caused by over 20 parasite species of the protozoa belonging to the Leishmania genus and is spread by the bite of a female phlebotomine sandfly. Depending on the parasite specie and the immune status of the patient, leishmaniasis can present a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. As an obligate intracellular parasite, Leishmania colonize phagocytic cells, mainly the macrophages that orchestrate the host immune response and determine the fate of the infection. Once inside macrophages, Leishmania triggers different signaling pathways that regulate the immune and metabolic response of the host cells. Various transcription factors regulate such immune-metabolic responses and the associated leishmanicidal and inflammatory reaction against the invading parasite. In this review, we will highlight the most important transcription factors involved in these responses, their interactions and their impact on the establishment and the progression of the immune response along with their effect on the physiopathology of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haifa Bichiou
- Laboratory of Medical Parasitology, Biotechnology and Biomolecules (PMBB), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Cyrine Bouabid
- Laboratory of Medical Parasitology, Biotechnology and Biomolecules (PMBB), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Rabhi
- Laboratory of Medical Parasitology, Biotechnology and Biomolecules (PMBB), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Biotechnology Department, Higher Institute of Biotechnology at Sidi-Thabet (ISBST), Biotechpole Sidi-Thabet- University of Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lamia Guizani-Tabbane
- Laboratory of Medical Parasitology, Biotechnology and Biomolecules (PMBB), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
99914
|
Oral chronic sulforaphane effects on heavy resistance exercise: Implications on inflammatory and muscle damage parameters in young practitioners. Nutrition 2021; 90:111266. [PMID: 34004418 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sulforaphane is a phytochemical that is commonly found in broccoli and broccoli sprouts. However, whether chronic sulforaphane ingestion suppresses heavy resistance exercise-induced muscle damage parameters in humans remains unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of oral chronic sulforaphane ingestion on heavy resistance exercise-induced muscle damage parameters. METHODS The study had a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design. Ten healthy young men (age: 22.0 ± 0.3 y; body weight: 62.6 ± 2.4 kg; height: 171.0 ± 0.1 cm) were administered placebo or sulforaphane (30 mg/d) for 4 wk at the first trial, then after a 4-wk washout period, the participants were administered the opposite treatment for 4 wk at the second trial. The participants were subjected to heavy resistance exercise (bench press, 85% of one-repetition maximum for three times with eight repetitions) after each administration, and blood samples were collected before and at 30 min and 24 h after each exercise session. RESULTS In this study, 4 wk of sulforaphane intake decreased plasma levels of creatine kinase, especially creatine kinase levels from 30 min to 24 h and baseline to 24 h. Moreover, the change in interleukin-6 levels significantly decreased from baseline to 30 min on prolonged intake of sulforaphane. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings suggest that the oral chronic intake of sulforaphane suppressed the heavy resistance exercise-induced increase in muscle damage parameter and expression of inflammatory cytokines. The chronic use of sulforaphane may be a novel therapeutic candidate for the prevention of muscle damage in athletes training daily with high-intensity exercise.
Collapse
|
99915
|
Feng M, Zheng X, Wan J, Pan W, Xie X, Hu B, Wang Y, Wen H, Cai S. Research progress on the potential delaying skin aging effect and mechanism of tea for oral and external use. Food Funct 2021; 12:2814-2828. [PMID: 33666618 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02921a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Skin aging is characterized by the gradual loss of elasticity, the formation of wrinkles and various color spots, the degradation of extracellular matrix proteins, and the structural changes of the dermis. With the increasingly prominent problems of environmental pollution, social pressure, ozone layer thinning and food safety, skin problems have become more and more complex. The skin can reflect the overall health of the body. Skincare products for external use alone cannot fundamentally solve skin problems; it needs to improve the overall health of the body. Based on the literature review in recent 20 years, this paper systematically reviewed the potential delaying effect of tea and its active ingredients on skin aging by oral and external use. Tea is the second-largest health drink after water. It is rich in tea polyphenols, l-theanine, tea pigments, caffeine, tea saponins, tea polysaccharides and other secondary metabolites. Tea and its active substances have whitening, nourishing, anti-wrinkle, removing spots and other skincare effects. Its mechanism of action is ultraviolet absorption, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, inhibition of extracellular matrix aging, inhibiting the accumulation of melanin and toxic oxidation products, balancing intestinal and skin microorganisms, and improving mood and sleep, among other effects. At present, tea elements skincare products are deeply loved by consumers. This paper provides a scientific theoretical basis for tea-assisted beauty and the high-end application of tea in skincare products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiyan Feng
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
99916
|
Kohli J, Veenstra I, Demaria M. The struggle of a good friend getting old: cellular senescence in viral responses and therapy. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52243. [PMID: 33734564 PMCID: PMC8024996 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202052243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a state of stable cell cycle arrest associated with macromolecular alterations and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and molecules. Senescence-associated phenotypes restrict damage propagation and activate immune responses, two essential processes involved in response to viral infections. However, excessive accumulation and persistence of senescent cells can become detrimental and promote pathology and dysfunctions. Various pharmacological interventions, including antiviral therapies, lead to aberrant and premature senescence. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms by which viral infections and antiviral therapy induce senescence. We highlight the importance of these processes in attenuating viral dissemination and damage propagation, but also how prematurely induced senescent cells can promote detrimental adverse effects in humans. We describe which sequelae due to viral infections and treatment can be partly due to excessive and aberrant senescence. Finally, we propose that pharmacological strategies which eliminate senescent cells or suppress their secretory phenotype could mitigate side effects and alleviate the onset of additional morbidities. These strategies can become extremely beneficial in patients recovering from viral infections or undergoing antiviral therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaskaren Kohli
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA)University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG)GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Iris Veenstra
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA)University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG)GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Marco Demaria
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA)University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG)GroningenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
99917
|
Xu D, Lü Y, Li Y, Li S, Wang Z, Wang J. Ferroptosis Resistance in Cancer: An Emerging Crisis of New Hope. BIO INTEGRATION 2021. [DOI: 10.15212/bioi-2020-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a new mode of nonapoptotic cell death, is increasingly recognized as a new hope in overcoming resistance to chemotherapy in cancer. Both canonical and noncanonical pathways can trigger ferroptosis execution via an iron-dependent lethal lipid peroxidation manner. However,
growing evidence has shown that some cancer cells can survive ferroptotic stress through metabolic remodeling as regards iron metabolism, anti-oxidative systems, and lipid metabolism. In addition to the well-known roles of the XC−/glutathione/glutathione peroxidase 4 (XC‐/GSH/GPX4)
axis in blocking ferroptosis, several recently identified pathways, including the Mevalonate-ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (MVA-FSP1) axis, the GTP cyclohydrolase 1-Tetrahydrobiopterin (GCH1-BH4) axis, the peroxisome-ether-phospholipid axis, the acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain
family member 3-monounsaturated fatty acids (ACSL3-MUFA) axis, and the Liver kinase B1-AMP-activated protein kinase (LKB1-AMPK) axis, can negatively regulate susceptibility to ferroptosis. Prominin-2, a newly identified ferroptosis-modulating protein, also drives cancer cells to escape from
ferroptosis induction. These findings collectively led to major challenges and opportunities in the development of novel therapies that target the ferroptosis resistance of cancer cells.SignificanceFerroptosis is a lethal consequence of accumulated lipid peroxidation catalyzed
by ferrous iron and oxygen. This unique cell death process appears to involve many diseases, such as neurodegeneration, ischemia/reperfusion injury, kidney disease, and a druggable target in therapy-resistant cancers. There is great expectation of being able to exploit ferroptosis for the
treatment of as yet incurable diseases. However, the state of ferroptosis susceptibility is linked to various regulation pathways. This perspective aims to integrate the current understanding of signaling mechanisms for ferroptotic defenses and facilitates movement toward novel cancer therapeutic
strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daiyun Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518100, China
| | - Yonghui Lü
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518100, China
| | - Yongxiao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518100, China
| | - Shengbin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518100, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Junqing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518100, China
| |
Collapse
|
99918
|
Tomás-Navarro M, Navarro JL, Vallejo F, Tomás-Barberán FA. Novel Urinary Biomarkers of Orange Juice Consumption, Interindividual Variability, and Differences with Processing Methods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:4006-4017. [PMID: 33724826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c08144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Untargeted metabolomics identified urinary biomarkers able to discriminate between the intake of fresh hand-squeezed and industrially processed orange juices. Processing led to an upregulation in the excretion of hydroxy-polymethoxyflavone sulfates, abscisic acid, and sinapic acid 4'-glucuronide. The demethylated polymethoxyflavone metabolites were produced with a significant interindividual variability suggesting that they could originate from gut microbiota metabolism. No correlation between the excretion levels of flavanone and polymethoxyflavone metabolites was observed, showing that gut microbiota metabolism differences could be behind the interindividual variability. Subjects with a high excretion level of hesperetin conjugates could be low or high polymethoxyflavone excretors. Flavanone phase II metabolites were primarily glucuronides, while those of demethylated polymethoxyflavones were mainly sulfates. A comparative study with the available demethylated polymethoxyflavone standards suggested that the metabolites produced in humans could be tentatively 4'-hydroxy- and/or 3'-hydroxy-polymethoxyflavone sulfates. This study is the first to describe the bioavailability and metabolism of citrus juice polymethoxyflavones in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Tomás-Navarro
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P. O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Vallejo
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P. O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco A Tomás-Barberán
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P. O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
99919
|
Long MJC, Kulkarni A, Aye Y. Can Precision Electrophile Signaling Make a Meaningful and Lasting Impression in Drug Design? Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100051. [PMID: 33826211 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
For several years, drugs with reactive electrophilic appendages have been developed. These units typically confer prolonged residence time of the drugs on their protein targets, and may assist targeting shallow binding sites and/or improving the drug-protein target spectrum. Studies on natural electrophilic molecules have indicated that, in many instances, natural electrophiles use similar mechanisms to alter signaling pathways. However, natural reactive species are also endowed with other important mechanisms to hone signaling properties that are uncommon in drug design. These include ability to be active at low occupancy and elevated inhibitor kinetics. Herein, we discuss how we have begun to harness these properties in inhibitor design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J C Long
- University of Lausanne, Department of Biochemistry, Chemin des boveresses 155, Epalinges, 1066, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amogh Kulkarni
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yimon Aye
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
99920
|
Wang J, Yu M, Chen J, Zhu L, Liu J, Xu J. Association of Nuclear Factor Erythroid-2-Related Actor 2 Gene Polymorphisms with Diabetic Nephropathy in Chinese Patients. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:1231-1237. [PMID: 33854365 PMCID: PMC8039206 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s300152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2) has emerged as a therapeutic target in many diseases. To explore this further, we evaluated the relationships between the -617C/A (rs6721961) polymorphisms within the NRF2 promoter and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in Chinese Han patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods A total of 883 subjects with T2DM (500 without and 383 with DN) were enrolled in this study. Multivariable linear regression models were carried out to assess the association of DN with the -617C/A (rs6721961) polymorphisms. Results The AA genotype frequencies in patients with DN were significantly lower than those in patients without DN (χ2 = 8.04, p = 0.018). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that individuals with the AA genotype had a significantly lower risk for DN (OR 0.52; 95% CI 0.28, 0.94; p = 0.029) than those with the CC genotype. Moreover, AA carriers had a significantly lower risk of DN (OR 0.46; 95% CI 0.26, 0.82; p = 0.009) relative to those with the CC + CA genotype, even after adjusting for known DN risk factors. Conclusion Our study indicated that the -617C/A polymorphism within the NRF2 promoter was significantly associated with DN in Chinese Han patients with T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiling Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianrong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianying Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jixiong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
99921
|
Reduction of Glut1 in the Neural Retina But Not the RPE Alleviates Polyol Accumulation and Normalizes Early Characteristics of Diabetic Retinopathy. J Neurosci 2021; 41:3275-3299. [PMID: 33622781 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2010-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is a key determinant for development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Inadequate glycemic control exacerbates retinopathy, while normalization of glucose levels delays its progression. In hyperglycemia, hexokinase is saturated and excess glucose is metabolized to sorbitol by aldose reductase via the polyol pathway. Therapies to reduce retinal polyol accumulation for the prevention of DR have been elusive because of low sorbitol dehydrogenase levels in the retina and inadequate inhibition of aldose reductase. Using systemic and conditional genetic inactivation, we targeted the primary facilitative glucose transporter in the retina, Glut1, as a preventative therapeutic in diabetic male and female mice. Unlike WT diabetics, diabetic Glut1 +/- mice did not display elevated Glut1 levels in the retina. Furthermore, diabetic Glut1 +/- mice exhibited ameliorated ERG defects, inflammation, and oxidative stress, which was correlated with a significant reduction in retinal sorbitol accumulation. Retinal pigment epithelium-specific reduction of Glut1 did not prevent an increase in retinal sorbitol content or early hallmarks of DR. However, like diabetic Glut1 +/- mice, reduction of Glut1 specifically in the retina mitigated polyol accumulation and diminished retinal dysfunction and the elevation of markers for oxidative stress and inflammation associated with diabetes. These results suggest that modulation of retinal polyol accumulation via Glut1 in photoreceptors can circumvent the difficulties in regulating systemic glucose metabolism and be exploited to prevent DR.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Diabetic retinopathy affects one-third of diabetic patients and is the primary cause of vision loss in adults 20-74 years of age. While anti-VEGF and photocoagulation treatments for the late-stage vision threatening complications can prevent vision loss, a significant proportion of patients do not respond to anti-VEGF therapies, and mechanisms to stop progression of early-stage symptoms remain elusive. Glut1 is the primary facilitative glucose transporter for the retina. We determined that a moderate reduction in Glut1 levels, specifically in the retina, but not the retinal pigment epithelium, was sufficient to prevent retinal polyol accumulation and the earliest functional defects to be identified in the diabetic retina. Our study defines modulation of Glut1 in retinal neurons as a targetable molecule for prevention of diabetic retinopathy.
Collapse
|
99922
|
Barsan MM, Diculescu VC. An antibody-based amperometric biosensor for 20S proteasome activity and inhibitor screening. Analyst 2021; 146:3216-3224. [PMID: 33999049 DOI: 10.1039/d0an02426k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The 20S proteasome enzyme complex is involved in the proteolytic degradation of misfolded and oxidatively damaged proteins and is a focus of medical research for the development of compounds with pharmaceutical properties, which are active in cancer cells and/or neurodegenerative diseases. The present study aims to develop a biosensor for investigating the 20S proteasome activity and inhibition by means of electrochemical methods. The 20S proteasome is best immobilized at the electrode surface through bio-affinity interactions with antibodies that target different subunits on the 20S proteasome, enabling the investigation of the effect of an enzyme's orientation on biosensor response. The enzymatic activity is analyzed by fixed potential amperometry with the highest sensitivity of 24 μA cm-2 mM-1 and a LOD of 0.4 μM. The detection principle involves the oxidation of an electroactive probe that is released from the enzyme's substrates upon proteolysis. The most sensitive biosensor is then used to study the multicatalytic activity of the 20S proteasome, i.e. the caspase-, trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like activity, by analyzing the biosensor's sensitivity towards different substrates. The behavior of the immobilized 20S proteasome is investigated as a function of substrate concentration. The kinetic parameters are derived and compared with those obtained when the enzyme was free in solution, with K0.5 values being one to two orders of magnitude lower in the present case. Two 20S inhibitors, epoxomicin and bortezomib, are investigated by analyzing their influence on the 20S biosensor response. The proposed analytical method for proteasome activity and inhibitor screening has the main advantage of being cost-effective compared to the ones typically employed.
Collapse
|
99923
|
Xu F, Li Y, Cao Z, Zhang J, Huang W. AFB 1-induced mice liver injury involves mitochondrial dysfunction mediated by mitochondrial biogenesis inhibition. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 216:112213. [PMID: 33838459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) pollutes foodstuffs and feeds, causing a food safety problem and seriously endangering human and animal health. Liver is the principal organ for AFB1 accumulation and biotransformation, during which AFB1 can cause acute and chronic liver damage, however, the specific mechanism is not completely clear. Mitochondria are the primary organelle of cellular bio-oxidation, providing 95% energy for liver to execute its multiple functions. Therefore, we speculated that mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in AFB1-induced liver injury. To verify the hypothesis, a total of eighty healthy male mice were randomly divided into four groups on average, and exposed with 0, 0.375, 0.75 and 1.5 mg/kg body weight AFB1 by intragastric administration for 30 d. The results displayed that AFB1 triggered liver injury accompanied by oxidative stress. AFB1 exposure also damaged mitochondria structure, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), as well as increased cytoplasmic cytochrome c (Cyt-c) protein expression, Bax, p53, Caspase-3/9 protein and/or mRNA expression levels and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated 2'-deoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate (dUTP) nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining positive cells in mice liver. Meanwhile, AFB1 exposure elevated pyruvate content, inhibited tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle rate-limiting enzymes and electron transport chain (ETC) complexes I-V activities, disturbed ETC complexes I-V subunits mRNA expression levels and reduced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level in mice liver. These results indicated that AFB1 destroyed mitochondrial structure, activated mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis and induced mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, AFB1 disrupted mitochondrial biogenesis, presented as the abnormalities of protein and/or gene expression levels of voltage dependent anion channel protein 1 (VDAC1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (Nrf1) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam). This may contribute to hepatic and mitochondrial lesions induced by AFB1. These results provide a new perspective for elucidating the mechanisms of AFB1 hepatotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feibo Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai 246003, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Yanfei Li
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wanyue Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| |
Collapse
|
99924
|
Eyenga P, Roussel D, Rey B, Ndille P, Teulier L, Eyenga F, Romestaing C, Morel J, Gueguen-Chaignon V, Sheu SS. Mechanical ventilation preserves diaphragm mitochondrial function in a rat sepsis model. Intensive Care Med Exp 2021; 9:19. [PMID: 33825987 PMCID: PMC8025065 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-021-00384-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To describe the effect of mechanical ventilation on diaphragm mitochondrial oxygen consumption, ATP production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and cytochrome c oxidase activity and content, and their relationship to diaphragm strength in an experimental model of sepsis. METHODS A cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) protocol was performed in 12 rats while 12 controls underwent sham operation. Half of the rats in each group were paralyzed and mechanically ventilated. We performed blood gas analysis and lactic acid assays 6 h after surgery. Afterwards, we measured diaphragm strength and mitochondrial oxygen consumption, ATP and ROS generation, and cytochrome c oxidase activity. We also measured malondialdehyde (MDA) content as an index of lipid peroxidation, and mRNA expression of the proinflammatory interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in diaphragms. RESULTS CLP rats showed severe hypotension, metabolic acidosis, and upregulation of diaphragm IL-1β mRNA expression. Compared to sham controls, spontaneously breathing CLP rats showed lower diaphragm force and increased susceptibility to fatigue, along with depressed mitochondrial oxygen consumption and ATP production and cytochrome c oxidase activity. These rats also showed increased mitochondrial ROS generation and MDA content. Mechanical ventilation markedly restored mitochondrial oxygen consumption and ATP production in CLP rats; lowered mitochondrial ROS production by the complex 3; and preserved cytochrome c oxidase activity. CONCLUSION In an experimental model of sepsis, early initiation of mechanical ventilation restores diaphragm mitochondrial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P. Eyenga
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - D. Roussel
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, UMR 5023, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1, CNRS, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - B. Rey
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1, CNRS, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - P. Ndille
- Département de Chirurgie, Centre Hospitalier D’Ebomé, Kribi, Cameroun
| | - L. Teulier
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, UMR 5023, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1, CNRS, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - F. Eyenga
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - C. Romestaing
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, UMR 5023, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1, CNRS, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - J. Morel
- Service de réanimation chirurgicale, CHU de Saint Etienne, 42000 Saint Etienne, France
| | - V. Gueguen-Chaignon
- Protein Science Facility, ENS de Lyon, Inserm, US8, SFR Biosciences UMS 3444 - CNRS Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - S-S. Sheu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
| |
Collapse
|
99925
|
Chen Z, Wei X, Wang X, Zheng X, Chang B, Shen L, Zhu H, Yang M, Li S, Zheng X. NDUFA4L2 promotes glioblastoma progression, is associated with poor survival, and can be effectively targeted by apatinib. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:377. [PMID: 33828084 PMCID: PMC8027655 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03646-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex, 4-like 2 (NDUFA4L2) is a subunit of Complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which is important in metabolic reprogramming and oxidative stress in multiple cancers. However, the biological role and molecular regulation of NDUFA4L2 in glioblastoma (GBM) are poorly understood. Here, we found that NDUFA4L2 was significantly upregulated in GBM; the elevated levels were correlated with reduced patient survival. Gene knockdown of NDUFA4L2 inhibited tumor cell proliferation and enhanced apoptosis, while tumor cells initiated protective mitophagy in vitro and in vivo. We used lentivirus to reduce expression levels of NDUFA4L2 protein in GBM cells exposed to mitophagy blockers, which led to a significant enhancement of tumor cell apoptosis in vitro and inhibited the development of xenografted tumors in vivo. In contrast to other tumor types, NDUFA4L2 expression in GBM may not be directly regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, because HIF-1α inhibitors failed to inhibit NDUFA4L2 in GBM. Apatinib was able to effectively target NDUFA4L2 in GBM, presenting an alternative to the use of lentiviruses, which currently cannot be used in humans. Taken together, our data suggest the use of NDUFA4L2 as a potential therapeutic target in GBM and demonstrate a practical treatment approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 1665 KongJiang Rd, 200092, Shanghai, China.,The Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cranial Nerve Diseases of Shanghai JiaoTong University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyu Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 1665 KongJiang Rd, 200092, Shanghai, China.,The Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cranial Nerve Diseases of Shanghai JiaoTong University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueyi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 1665 KongJiang Rd, 200092, Shanghai, China.,The Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cranial Nerve Diseases of Shanghai JiaoTong University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 1665 KongJiang Rd, 200092, Shanghai, China.,The Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cranial Nerve Diseases of Shanghai JiaoTong University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Bowen Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 1665 KongJiang Rd, 200092, Shanghai, China.,The Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cranial Nerve Diseases of Shanghai JiaoTong University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 1665 KongJiang Rd, 200092, Shanghai, China.,The Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cranial Nerve Diseases of Shanghai JiaoTong University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanshuo Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 1665 KongJiang Rd, 200092, Shanghai, China.,The Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cranial Nerve Diseases of Shanghai JiaoTong University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 1665 KongJiang Rd, 200092, Shanghai, China.,The Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cranial Nerve Diseases of Shanghai JiaoTong University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiting Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 1665 KongJiang Rd, 200092, Shanghai, China. .,The Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cranial Nerve Diseases of Shanghai JiaoTong University, 200092, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xuesheng Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 1665 KongJiang Rd, 200092, Shanghai, China. .,The Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cranial Nerve Diseases of Shanghai JiaoTong University, 200092, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
99926
|
Abstract
Nonthermal atmospheric pressure biocompatible plasma (NBP), alternatively called bio-cold plasma, is a partially ionized gas that consists of charged particles, neutral atoms and molecules, photons, an electric field, and heat. Recently, nonthermal plasma-based technology has been applied to bioscience, medicine, agriculture, food processing, and safety. Various plasma device configurations and electrode layouts has fast-tracked plasma applications in the treatment of biological and material surfaces. The NBP action mechanism may be related to the synergy of plasma constituents, such as ultraviolet radiation or a reactive species. Recently, plasma has been used in the inactivation of viruses and resistant microbes, such as fungal cells, bacteria, spores, and biofilms made by microbes. It has also been used to heal wounds, coagulate blood, degrade pollutants, functionalize material surfaces, kill cancers, and for dental applications. This review provides an outline of NBP devices and their applications in bioscience and medicine. We also discuss the role of plasma-activated liquids in biological applications, such as cancer treatments and agriculture. The individual adaptation of plasma to meet specific medical requirements necessitates real-time monitoring of both the plasma performance and the target that is treated and will provide a new paradigm of plasma-based therapeutic clinical systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun H. Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center/Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897 Republic of Korea
| | - Han S. Uhm
- Canode # 702, 136-11 Tojeong-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04081 Republic of Korea
| | - Nagendra K. Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center/Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
99927
|
Nakashima M, Watanabe M, Nakano K, Uchimaru K, Horie R. Differentiation of Hodgkin lymphoma cells by reactive oxygen species and regulation by heme oxygenase-1 through HIF-1α. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:2542-2555. [PMID: 33738869 PMCID: PMC8177765 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously indicated that Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) cells contain a small side population (SP) that differentiate into a large major population (MP) with giant Hodgkin and Reed‐Sternberg (H and RS)‐like cells. However, its molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we found that intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) are low in the SP compared to the MP. Hydrogen peroxide induces large H‐ and RS‐like cells in HL cell lines, but induces cell death in unrelated lymphoid cell lines. Microarray analyses revealed the enrichment of upregulated genes under hypoxic conditions in the SP compared to the MP, and we verified that the SP cells are hypoxic. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)‐1α was preferentially expressed in the SP. CoCl2, a HIF‐1α stabilizer, blunted the effect of hydrogen peroxide. Heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), a scavenger of ROS, was triggered by HIF‐1α. The effect of hydrogen peroxide was inhibited by HO‐1 induction, whereas it was promoted by HO‐1 knockdown. HO‐1 inhibition by zinc protoporphyrin promoted the differentiation and increased ROS. These results stress the unique roles of ROS in the differentiation of HL cells. Immature HL cells are inhibited from differentiation by a reduction of ROS through the induction of HO‐1 via HIF‐1α. The breakdown of this might cause the accumulation of intracellular ROS, resulting in the promotion of HL cell differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Nakashima
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Watanabe
- Divison of Hematology, Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kazumi Nakano
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Uchimaru
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryouichi Horie
- Divison of Hematology, Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
99928
|
Gawlik-Dziki U, Baraniak B, Sikora M, Jakubczyk A, Kapusta I, Świeca M. Potentially Bioaccessible Phenolic and Antioxidant Potential of Fresh and Stored Lentil Sprouts-Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum 299v Enrichment. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082109. [PMID: 33916936 PMCID: PMC8067562 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenolic and antioxidant potential of potentially bioaccessible fractions of lentil sprouts was studied. Sprouts were cocultivated with a probiotic to obtain a new functional product and further stored in cool conditions. The fraction obtained after buffer extraction and gastric digestion had higher content of phenolics compared to the control (by 20% and 46%, respectively); however, a 9% decrease was observed in samples obtained after gastrointestinal digestion. After gastrointestinal digestion, the highest content of phenolics (278 µg/g d.w.) was determined in the fresh control sprouts. Compounds neutralizing ABTS and hydroxyl radicals, chelating metal ions, and exhibiting strong reducing power were effectively released after gastrointestinal digestion (e.g., the values of the gastrointestinal digestibility index for chelating power and ability to quench hydroxyl radicals significantly exceeded 1 in all studied samples). It was proved that the enrichment of sprouts with a probiotic and further storage significantly improved the antioxidant potential; compared to the fresh control sprouts, an increase by 45% and 10% was determined after the gastric and gastrointestinal digestion, respectively. Lentil sprouts enriched with L. plantarum 299v may be a new functional product characterized by the high antioxidant capacity of the potentially bioaccessible fraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Gawlik-Dziki
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Skromna Str. 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland; (U.G.-D.); (B.B.); (M.S.); (A.J.)
| | - Barbara Baraniak
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Skromna Str. 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland; (U.G.-D.); (B.B.); (M.S.); (A.J.)
| | - Małgorzata Sikora
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Skromna Str. 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland; (U.G.-D.); (B.B.); (M.S.); (A.J.)
| | - Anna Jakubczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Skromna Str. 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland; (U.G.-D.); (B.B.); (M.S.); (A.J.)
| | - Ireneusz Kapusta
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Rzeszów University, 4 Zelwerowicza Street, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Michał Świeca
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Skromna Str. 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland; (U.G.-D.); (B.B.); (M.S.); (A.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-462-33-96
| |
Collapse
|
99929
|
Perottoni S, Neto NGB, Di Nitto C, Dmitriev RI, Raimondi MT, Monaghan MG. Intracellular label-free detection of mesenchymal stem cell metabolism within a perivascular niche-on-a-chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:1395-1408. [PMID: 33605282 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01034k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The stem cell niche at the perivascular space in human tissue plays a pivotal role in dictating the overall fate of stem cells within it. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in particular, experience influential microenvironmental conditions, which induce specific metabolic profiles that affect processes of cell differentiation and dysregulation of the immunomodulatory function. Reports focusing specifically on the metabolic status of MSCs under the effect of pathophysiological stimuli - in terms of flow velocities, shear stresses or oxygen tension - do not model heterogeneous gradients, highlighting the need for more advanced models reproducing the metabolic niche. Organ-on-a-chip technology offers the most advanced tools for stem cell niche modelling thus allowing for controlled dynamic culture conditions while profiling tuneable oxygen tension gradients. However, current systems for live cell detection of metabolic activity inside microfluidic devices require the integration of microsensors. The presence of such microsensors poses the potential to alter microfluidics and their resolution does not enable intracellular measurements but rather a global representation concerning cellular metabolism. Here, we present a metabolic toolbox coupling a miniaturised in vitro system for human-MSCs dynamic culture, which mimics microenvironmental conditions of the perivascular niche, with high-resolution imaging of cell metabolism. Using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) we monitor the spatial metabolic machinery and correlate it with experimentally validated intracellular oxygen concentration after designing the oxygen tension decay along the fluidic chamber by in silico models prediction. Our platform allows the metabolic regulation of MSCs, mimicking the physiological niche in space and time, and its real-time monitoring representing a functional tool for modelling perivascular niches, relevant diseases and metabolic-related uptake of pharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Perottoni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32 - 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
99930
|
Li K, Li D, Li CH, Zhuang P, Dai C, Hu X, Wang D, Liu Y, Mei X, Rotello VM. Efficient in vivo wound healing using noble metal nanoclusters. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:6531-6537. [PMID: 33885532 PMCID: PMC8084111 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07176e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The wound healing process involves multiple steps including hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling. Nanomaterials have been employed externally for healing wounds. However, their use as systemic therapeutics has not been extensively explored. We report the use of ultra-small noble metal nanoclusters (NCs) for the treatment of skin wounds. Both in vitro and in vivo studies indicate NCs have comprehensive therapeutic effects for wound healing, promoting cell proliferation and migration while decreasing inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, 40 Songpo Road, Jinzhou, China 121001, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
99931
|
Böhm V, Lietz G, Olmedilla-Alonso B, Phelan D, Reboul E, Bánati D, Borel P, Corte-Real J, de Lera AR, Desmarchelier C, Dulinska-Litewka J, Landrier JF, Milisav I, Nolan J, Porrini M, Riso P, Roob JM, Valanou E, Wawrzyniak A, Winklhofer-Roob BM, Rühl R, Bohn T. From carotenoid intake to carotenoid blood and tissue concentrations - implications for dietary intake recommendations. Nutr Rev 2021; 79:544-573. [PMID: 32766681 PMCID: PMC8025354 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is uncertainty regarding carotenoid intake recommendations, because positive and negative health effects have been found or are correlated with carotenoid intake and tissue levels (including blood, adipose tissue, and the macula), depending on the type of study (epidemiological vs intervention), the dose (physiological vs supraphysiological) and the matrix (foods vs supplements, isolated or used in combination). All these factors, combined with interindividual response variations (eg, depending on age, sex, disease state, genetic makeup), make the relationship between carotenoid intake and their blood/tissue concentrations often unclear and highly variable. Although blood total carotenoid concentrations <1000 nmol/L have been related to increased chronic disease risk, no dietary reference intakes (DRIs) exist. Although high total plasma/serum carotenoid concentrations of up to 7500 nmol/L are achievable after supplementation, a plateauing effect for higher doses and prolonged intake is apparent. In this review and position paper, the current knowledge on carotenoids in serum/plasma and tissues and their relationship to dietary intake and health status is summarized with the aim of proposing suggestions for a "normal," safe, and desirable range of concentrations that presumably are beneficial for health. Existing recommendations are likewise evaluated and practical dietary suggestions are included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Volker Böhm
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Georg Lietz
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Begoña Olmedilla-Alonso
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Phelan
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | | | | | - Patrick Borel
- C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Joana Corte-Real
- Population Health Department, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Angel R de Lera
- Departmento de Química Orgánica, Centro De Investigaciones Biomédicas and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Irina Milisav
- University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia and with University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - John Nolan
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Marisa Porrini
- Universitàdegli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Universitàdegli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Milan, Italy
| | - Johannes M Roob
- Research Unit Chronic Inflammation in Nephrology, Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Agata Wawrzyniak
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Brigitte M Winklhofer-Roob
- Human Nutrition & Metabolism Research and Training Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Karl-Franzens University, Graz, Austria
| | - Ralph Rühl
- Paprika Bioanalytics BT, Debrecen, Hungary and with CISCAREX UG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Population Health Department, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
99932
|
Liao L, Chu Q, Fang C, Li X, Han G. Hollow nanocapsules of NiFe hydroxides to enable doxorubicin delivery and combinational tumour therapy. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:2598-2607. [PMID: 33595002 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm02091e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, fine hollow nanocapsules, consisting of NiFe hydroxides (denoted as H-NiFe(OH)x), are designed and synthesized for the delivery of an anticancer drug (Doxorubicin, DOX) and tumour depletion. Owing to its fascinating characteristics of "Fe2+ preservation and regeneration", H-NiFe(OH)x presents considerable Fenton activity for hydroxyl radical (˙OH) induction. Efficient delivery of DOX is ensured due to its hollow microstructure, and a typical pH-responsive drug release is enabled. More importantly, the intracellular DOX, in addition to its intrinsic antitumour properties, induces extra exogenous H2O2 which favors the production of ˙OH by H-NiFe(OH)x in tumour cells. In consequence, remarkable in vitro and in vivo antitumour properties are successfully achieved. This drug delivery system is particularly inspirational to further studies in the exploration of intelligent therapeutic platforms for combinational tumour therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linhua Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
99933
|
Dos Santos CCM, Ferreira JA, Dos Santos CRM, Amado LL. Seasonal modulation of oxidative stress biomarkers in mangrove oyster (Crassostrea gasar) from an Amazon estuary. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 257:110953. [PMID: 33823274 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.110953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Estuaries are the final destination of many pollutants derived from anthropogenic activity. Therefore, it is difficult to find this kind of ecosystem in a pristine condition. In this context, biomonitoring studies that characterize the organism's conditions against the environment' s natural variation are essential for future impact analysis due to anthropic activity. The present study aims to characterize the natural modulation of biochemical biomarkers in oysters Crassostrea gasar. The research was conducted in Japerica Bay, an estuary region located in the Eastern Amazon (Pará, Brazil), which has remained in pristine condition for many years. The samplings were carried out throughout one year during the rainy-dry transition period (June/2013), dry period (September/2013), dry-rainy transition period (November / 2013), and rainy period (February / 2014) in the lower and upper estuary. The activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and total antioxidant capacity (ACAP) were evaluated as biomarkers of exposure and lipid peroxidation (LPO) as an effect biomarker. In gills, GST decreased during the rainy season in both sites and increased during the salinity peak (dry-rainy transition period) for the upper estuary's organisms. In this organ, the lowest levels of LPO occurred during the dry season for both points. There was an induction of ACAP in muscle during the rainy-dry transition period compared to the dry and dry-rainy transition periods for the lower estuary's organisms, and there were no differences for GST suggesting low tissue sensitivity. There was an increase in LPO during the rainy season compared to the rainy-dry transition period for the lower estuaries animals. Biomarkers in gills suggest a metabolic challenge to the rainy season and stability during the dry season. The species shows high viability of use in biomonitoring programs. However, these seasonality-induced alterations in biomarkers responses must be taken into account to interpret the results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Carolina Miranda Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aquática e Pesca, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil; Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia (ICB) e Laboratório de Pesquisa em Monitoramento Ambiental Marinho (LAPMAR), Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Av. Augusto Corrêa, 01, Guamá, 66075110, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Johnata Azevedo Ferreira
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia (ICB) e Laboratório de Pesquisa em Monitoramento Ambiental Marinho (LAPMAR), Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Av. Augusto Corrêa, 01, Guamá, 66075110, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Lílian Lund Amado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aquática e Pesca, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil; Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia (ICB) e Laboratório de Pesquisa em Monitoramento Ambiental Marinho (LAPMAR), Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Av. Augusto Corrêa, 01, Guamá, 66075110, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
99934
|
Szymanowska U, Karaś M, Złotek U, Jakubczyk A. Effect of Fortification with Raspberry Juice on the Antioxidant and Potentially Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Wafers Subjected to In Vitro Digestion. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040791. [PMID: 33916956 PMCID: PMC8067603 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of raspberry juice addition on the content of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of wafers. The research was carried out on non-supplemented wafers (control) and wafers in which water was replaced with raspberry juice in the amount of 10%, 20%, 50%, 75% and 100%. The potential bioavailability of the phenolic compounds after in vitro digestion was also determined. As shown by the consumer assessment, wafers in which the water was replaced with 100% raspberry juice turned out to be the best variant of the enriched wafers. The content of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and anthocyanins in the tested products increased with the increasing amount of raspberry juice added to the wafers. The fortification of the wafers with raspberry juice had a positive effect on the antioxidant activity, expressed as the ability to neutralize free radicals ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) and DPPH (di(phenyl)-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)iminoazanium), the ability to chelate iron ions, and as the reduction power. The simulated digestion increased the content of phenolic compounds and increased the antioxidant activity of the wafers. The ability to inhibit lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (i.e., enzymes involved in the induction of inflammation), varied and depended on both the amount of raspberry juice added and the type of extract.
Collapse
|
99935
|
Wang D, Cao H, Wang X, Wang J, Wang M, Zhang J, Wang L. SIRT1 is Required for Exercise-Induced Beneficial Effects on Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:1283-1296. [PMID: 33854356 PMCID: PMC8039203 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s300997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise training has been regarded as an effective mean of prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and exercise can improve the antioxidant capacity of the myocardial. While SIRT1 has been proved to protects the heart from myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury and apoptosis, less is known about the association between exercise-induced cardioprotection and SIRT1. Methods and Results MI/R injury model was constructed after swimming training in mice. Significantly reduced myocardial infarct size, decreased apoptosis ratio and upregulated SIRT1 protein expression in heart were found in swam mice by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining of heart sections, TUNEL staining of frozen sections and Western blotting. The results of TUNEL staining and Western blotting suggested activation of SIRT1 using resveratrol (RSV) or inhibition of SIRT1 using EX527 in vitro blocked or accelerated cardiomyocytes apoptosis which induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) respectively and regulated the expression of antioxidants in vitro. PGC-1α has been identified as one of the downstream genes of SIRT1 modulating oxidative stress and apoptosis. Importantly, the data of TTC staining, TUNEL staining, Western blotting, echocardiography and histopathological staining revealed that mice with inducible cardiac SIRT1-knockout blocked the protective effects of exercise preconditioning on myocardial infarct size, myocardial apoptosis, adverse ventricular remodeling, cardiac fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction after MI/R injury, simultaneously exercise-induced expression of myocardial antioxidant stress factors was hindered which was detected by immunohistochemical analysis. Conclusion SIRT1 protects against oxidative stress after MI/R injury by activating downstream PGC-1α and promoting the production of antioxidant enzymes. SIRT1 is required for exercise to protect against myocardial apoptosis and maladaptive ventricular remodelling induced by myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Wang
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinchun Wang
- Department of Emergency, Jilin Provincial FAW General Hospital, Changchun, 130011, People's Republic of China
| | - Manli Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Changchun Central Hospital, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
99936
|
Oxidative Potential, Cytotoxicity, and Intracellular Oxidative Stress Generating Capacity of PM10: A Case Study in South of Italy. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12040464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Long and short-term exposure to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) has detrimental effects on human health. The effective mechanisms leading to PM toxicity are still not fully understood, even if it is known that physical-chemical properties, strongly influenced by sources and atmospheric processes, are known to play an important role. In this work, PM10 samples were collected, at an urban background site in southern Italy, to determine cytotoxicity (using MTT test on A549 cells), genotoxicity (using the comet assay), and intracellular oxidative stress on A549 cells exposed for 24 h to aqueous extracts of PM10 samples. Organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) content of PM10 and acellular determination of oxidative potential with DTT assay were performed to compare results of acellular and cellular biological assays. Cellular (OSGCV and MTTV) and acellular (OPDTTV) outcomes, normalized in volume, are well correlated (statistically significant results) with carbon content suggesting that combustion sources play an important role in determining cellular oxidative stress and cytotoxicity of PM10. Even if the number of data is limited, genotoxicity results are well correlated (Pearson r > 0.95) with OSGCV and MTTV, and a weaker, but statistically significant correlation was observed with OPDTTV. OSGCV is well correlated with the cell mortality observed with the MTTV test and a lower, but still statistically significant correlation is observed between MTTV and OPDDTV. A statistically significant correlation was found between OPDTTV and OSGCV results. When the outcomes of the cellular and acellular assay are compared normalized in mass (i.e., intrinsic values), the correlations become significantly weaker suggesting that the different sources acting on the site produces particulate matter with different toxicological potential influencing differently the biological tests studied.
Collapse
|
99937
|
Stepanchuk AA, Heyne B, Stys PK. Complex Photophysical Properties of K114 Make for a Versatile Fluorescent Probe for Amyloid Detection. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:1273-1280. [PMID: 33705095 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregation is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and many other neurodegenerative disorders. Small organic fluorophores such as Congo Red preferentially bind to cross-β-sheet-rich deposits and have been used to label amyloid plaques and tau tangles in histological samples. However, distinguishing between different conformations of protein aggregates is not trivial. Using silkworm and spider silks (prototypical amyloids) and transgenic AD mouse (5XFAD) and human AD brain samples, we report how spectral confocal microscopy allowed for improved detection and differentiation of protein aggregates based on the unexpected photophysical behavior of the amyloid-specific dye K114. The pH and excitation power had pronounced effects on the emission spectrum and intensity of amyloid-bound K114 fluorescence. When bound to β-sheet-rich assemblies, the emission spectrum of K114 was governed by the local pH of the binding pockets much more than by the pH of the mounting medium, likely due to ionization of titratable phenols. Unexpectedly, exposure to high excitation power caused a permanent increase in fluorescence intensity and a spectral blue-shift. These light-induced fluorescence changes were dependent in a complex manner on laser power, exposure time, pH, and amyloid type examined. The above-mentioned phenomena were observed in silk fibers and Alzheimer brain sections from mouse and human, indicating that this may be a general characteristic of K114 when bound to tightly aggregated macromolecules. Potential mechanisms are discussed, likely involving photoinduced electron transfer. Our findings illustrate how the complex photophysical behavior of amyloid-bound K114 can be exploited for improved detection and differentiation of protein aggregates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia A. Stepanchuk
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 1N4
| | - Belinda Heyne
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 1N4
| | - Peter K. Stys
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 1N4
| |
Collapse
|
99938
|
Zhang J, Zhang Y, Xu M, Miao Z, Tian Y. Inhibition of the CDK5/caspase-3 Pathway by p5-TAT Protects Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Alleviates Radiation-induced Cognitive Dysfunction. Neuroscience 2021; 463:204-215. [PMID: 33838288 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction is a common complication associated with cranial radiation therapy. Inhibition of hippocampal neurogenesis and proliferation plays a critical role in this complication. Relieving hippocampal apoptosis may significantly protect hippocampal neurogenesis and proliferation. Previous studies have demonstrated that hyperactivity of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is closely related to apoptosis. The exact molecular changes and function of Cdk5 in radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction are still not clear. Whether inhibition of Cdk5 and the relevant caspase-3 could improve hippocampal neurogenesis and ameliorate radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction needs further exploration. We hypothesized that inhibition of the Cdk5/caspase-3 pathway by p5-TAT could protect hippocampal neurogenesis and alleviate radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction. In our study, we reported that radiation induced hyperactivity of Cdk5 accompanied by elevation of the levels of cleaved caspase-3, a marker of neuronal apoptosis. Inhibition of hippocampal neurogenesis and proliferation as well as cognitive dysfunction was also observed. p5-TAT, a specific inhibitor of Cdk5, decreased the overactivation of Cdk5 without affecting the levels of Cdk5 activators. Additionally, this treatment suppressed the expression of cleaved caspase-3. We further demonstrated that p5-TAT treatment reduced hippocampal dysfunction and improved behavioral performance. Therefore, Cdk5 inhibition by the small peptide p5-TAT is a promising therapeutic strategy for radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, China; Institute of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Soochow University, China; Suzhou Key Laboratory for Radiation Oncology, China
| | - Yujuan Zhang
- Experiment Center, Medicine College of Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
| | - Meiling Xu
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, China; Institute of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Soochow University, China; Suzhou Key Laboratory for Radiation Oncology, China
| | - Zhigang Miao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, China.
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, China; Institute of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Soochow University, China; Suzhou Key Laboratory for Radiation Oncology, China.
| |
Collapse
|
99939
|
Petiet A. Current and Emerging MR Methods and Outcome in Rodent Models of Parkinson's Disease: A Review. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:583678. [PMID: 33897339 PMCID: PMC8058186 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.583678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a major neurodegenerative disease characterized by massive degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, α-synuclein-containing Lewy bodies, and neuroinflammation. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression and treatment. A variety of MR methods are available to characterize neurodegeneration and other disease features such as iron accumulation and metabolic changes in animal models of PD. This review aims at giving an overview of how those physiopathological features of PD have been investigated using various MR methods in rodent models. Toxin-based and genetic-based models of PD are first described. MR methods for neurodegeneration evaluation, iron load, and metabolism alterations are then detailed, and the main findings are provided in those models. Ultimately, future directions are suggested for neuroinflammation and neuromelanin evaluations in new animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Petiet
- Centre de Neuroimagerie de Recherche, Institut du Cerveau, Paris, France.,Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
99940
|
Bocanegra A, Macho-González A, Garcimartín A, Benedí J, Sánchez-Muniz FJ. Whole Alga, Algal Extracts, and Compounds as Ingredients of Functional Foods: Composition and Action Mechanism Relationships in the Prevention and Treatment of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3816. [PMID: 33917044 PMCID: PMC8067684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major systemic disease which involves impaired pancreatic function and currently affects half a billion people worldwide. Diet is considered the cornerstone to reduce incidence and prevalence of this disease. Algae contains fiber, polyphenols, ω-3 PUFAs, and bioactive molecules with potential antidiabetic activity. This review delves into the applications of algae and their components in T2DM, as well as to ascertain the mechanism involved (e.g., glucose absorption, lipids metabolism, antioxidant properties, etc.). PubMed, and Google Scholar databases were used. Papers in which whole alga, algal extracts, or their isolated compounds were studied in in vitro conditions, T2DM experimental models, and humans were selected and discussed. This review also focuses on meat matrices or protein concentrate-based products in which different types of alga were included, aimed to modulate carbohydrate digestion and absorption, blood glucose, gastrointestinal neurohormones secretion, glycosylation products, and insulin resistance. As microbiota dysbiosis in T2DM and metabolic alterations in different organs are related, the review also delves on the effects of several bioactive algal compounds on the colon/microbiota-liver-pancreas-brain axis. As the responses to therapeutic diets vary dramatically among individuals due to genetic components, it seems a priority to identify major gene polymorphisms affecting potential positive effects of algal compounds on T2DM treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aránzazu Bocanegra
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.); (J.B.)
| | - Adrián Macho-González
- Nutrition and Food Science Department (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Garcimartín
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.); (J.B.)
- AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Benedí
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.); (J.B.)
- AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco José Sánchez-Muniz
- Nutrition and Food Science Department (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
99941
|
Pulmonary Exposure to Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Leads to Neurotoxicity via Oxidative Damage and Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1160-1170. [PMID: 33826131 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00358-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) are widely used in pharmaceutical, food, and textile industries. They have been shown to cause lung, liver, and kidney damage. However, whether an intratracheal instillation of CuONPs would affect the brain and its underlying mechanisms remain poorly studied. In this study, healthy C57BL/6J male mice were equally subdivided into control group, low-dose (30 μg/animal), medium-dose (50 μg/animal), and high-dose (100 μg/animal) CuONPs-treated groups. Mice were subjected to acute exposure of CuONPs via intratracheal instillation. Brain histopathology, inflammatory factors, oxidative stress markers, and mitochondrial function-related protein expression were determined. Our results demonstrated that CuONPs caused a dose-dependent brain damage in mice. Histopathological changes in the brain, elevation of inflammatory factors (Tnf, Il-6), and significant alterations in oxidative stress markers were also observed after treatment with CuONPs. Intriguingly, we did not observe infiltration of macrophage cell. Moreover, Tim23, TFAM, and MFN2 protein expression levels showed the decreasing trend after treatment with CuONPs. Taken together, these results indicate that pulmonary exposure to CuONPs induces pathological damage, inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the cerebral cortex, suggesting that neurotoxicity caused by pulmonary exposure of CuONPs needs more attention from the public and relevant departments.
Collapse
|
99942
|
Role of Oxidative DNA Damage and Repair in Atrial Fibrillation and Ischemic Heart Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083838. [PMID: 33917194 PMCID: PMC8068079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) represent the two most common clinical cardiac diseases, characterized by angina, arrhythmia, myocardial damage, and cardiac dysfunction, significantly contributing to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and posing a heavy socio-economic burden on society worldwide. Current treatments of these two diseases are mainly symptomatic and lack efficacy. There is thus an urgent need to develop novel therapies based on the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Emerging evidence indicates that oxidative DNA damage might be a major underlying mechanism that promotes a variety of cardiac diseases, including AF and IHD. Antioxidants, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) boosters, and enzymes involved in oxidative DNA repair processes have been shown to attenuate oxidative damage to DNA, making them potential therapeutic targets for AF and IHD. In this review, we first summarize the main molecular mechanisms responsible for oxidative DNA damage and repair both in nuclei and mitochondria, then describe the effects of oxidative DNA damage on the development of AF and IHD, and finally discuss potential targets for oxidative DNA repair-based therapeutic approaches for these two cardiac diseases.
Collapse
|
99943
|
Cheng D, Song Q, Ding Y, Yu Q, Liu Y, Tian X, Wang M, Wang G, Wang S. Comparative Study on the Protective Effect of Chlorogenic Acid and 3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl) Propionic Acid against Cadmium-Induced Erythrocyte Cytotoxicity: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:3859-3870. [PMID: 33570935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of chlorogenic acid (CGA) through the intestinal tract was studied. As cadmium is a well-known toxic heavy metal, this study was carried out to investigate the comparative protective effect of CGA and its representative intestinal metabolite (3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid, HPPA) against Cd-induced erythrocyte cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. We found that CGA and its intestinal metabolite appreciably prevented erythrocyte hemolysis, osmotic fragility, and oxidative stress induced by Cd. Also, we found that HPPA had a stronger protective ability than CGA against Cd-induced erythrocyte injury in vivo, such as increasing the ratio of protein kinase C from 7.7% (CGA) to 12.0% (HPPA). Therefore, we hypothesized that CGA and its microbial metabolite had protective effects against Cd-induced erythrocyte damage via multiple actions including antioxidation and chelation. For humans, CGA supplementation may be favorable for avoiding Cd-induced biotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dai Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yixin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qianqian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xuena Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Guangliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| |
Collapse
|
99944
|
Turnell BR, Kumpitsch L, Ribou AC, Reinhardt K. Somatic production of reactive oxygen species does not predict its production in sperm cells across Drosophila melanogaster lines. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:131. [PMID: 33827685 PMCID: PMC8028716 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05550-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sperm ageing has major evolutionary implications but has received comparatively little attention. Ageing in sperm and other cells is driven largely by oxidative damage from reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by the mitochondria. Rates of organismal ageing differ across species and are theorized to be linked to somatic ROS levels. However, it is unknown whether sperm ageing rates are correlated with organismal ageing rates. Here, we investigate this question by comparing sperm ROS production in four lines of Drosophila melanogaster that have previously been shown to differ in somatic mitochondrial ROS production, including two commonly used wild-type lines and two lines with genetic modifications standardly used in ageing research. RESULTS Somatic ROS production was previously shown to be lower in wild-type Oregon-R than in wild-type Dahomey flies; decreased by the expression of alternative oxidase (AOX), a protein that shortens the electron transport chain; and increased by a loss-of-function mutation in dj-1β, a gene involved in ROS scavenging. Contrary to predictions, we found no differences among these four lines in the rate of sperm ROS production. We discuss the implications of our results, the limitations of our study, and possible directions for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biz R Turnell
- Applied Zoology, Institute of Zoology, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, Raum 258, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Luisa Kumpitsch
- Applied Zoology, Institute of Zoology, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, Raum 258, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne-Cécile Ribou
- Institut de Modélisation Et D'Analyse en Géo-Environnement Et Santé, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860, Perpignan, France
| | - Klaus Reinhardt
- Applied Zoology, Institute of Zoology, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, Raum 258, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
99945
|
Nogales F, Cebadero O, Romero-Herrera I, Rua RM, Carreras O, Ojeda ML. Selenite supplementation modulates the hepatic metabolic sensors AMPK and SIRT1 in binge drinking exposed adolescent rats by avoiding oxidative stress. Food Funct 2021; 12:3022-3032. [PMID: 33710180 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02831b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Binge drinking (BD) is the main alcohol consumption pattern among teenagers. Recently, oxidative stress (OS) generated by BD exposure has been related to hepatic metabolic deregulation and cardiovascular dysfunction. This study analyzed if BD by generating oxidative stress modulates the alteration in hepatic energy homeostasis through two important regulators of energy metabolism: the NAD+-dependent sirtuin deacetylase (SIRT1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and if supplementation with the antioxidant selenium (Se) improves these metabolic disorders. Four groups of adolescent rats supplemented or not with Se (0.4 ppm) and exposed to intermittent i.p. BD were used. BD rats showed an increased AST/ALT ratio, total bilirubin in serum and lipid peroxidation in the liver. The BD rats also showed a higher abdominal/thoracic ratio and increased levels of TG, gluc, and chol compared to the control group, provoking an increase in mean blood pressure (MBP). This alcohol consumption pattern decreased hepatic Se deposits, cytoplasmic GPx activity, and GSH levels as well as the expressions of two metabolic sensors and the pAMPK/AMPK ratio. Se supplementation restored antioxidant parameters and decreased lipid oxidation, avoiding OS and improving the hepatic expression of pAMPK and SIRT1, contributing to the improvement of metabolic (better lipid profile and IRS-1 expression) and vascular function (lower MBP), and to the increase of hepatic functionality (lower AST/ALT ratio). All these actions decrease cardiometabolic risk factor development in the short and long term and could disrupt the relationship between BD and MS, two problems which are currently affecting adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Nogales
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Seville University, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
99946
|
Patthy Á, Murai J, Hanics J, Pintér A, Zahola P, Hökfelt TGM, Harkany T, Alpár A. Neuropathology of the Brainstem to Mechanistically Understand and to Treat Alzheimer's Disease. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10081555. [PMID: 33917176 PMCID: PMC8067882 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder as yet without effective therapy. Symptoms of this disorder typically reflect cortical malfunction with local neurohistopathology, which biased investigators to search for focal triggers and molecular mechanisms. Cortex, however, receives massive afferents from caudal brain structures, which do not only convey specific information but powerfully tune ensemble activity. Moreover, there is evidence that the start of AD is subcortical. The brainstem harbors monoamine systems, which establish a dense innervation in both allo- and neocortex. Monoaminergic synapses can co-release neuropeptides either by precisely terminating on cortical neurons or, when being “en passant”, can instigate local volume transmission. Especially due to its early damage, malfunction of the ascending monoaminergic system emerges as an early sign and possible trigger of AD. This review summarizes the involvement and cascaded impairment of brainstem monoaminergic neurons in AD and discusses cellular mechanisms that lead to their dysfunction. We highlight the significance and therapeutic challenges of transmitter co-release in ascending activating system, describe the role and changes of local connections and distant afferents of brainstem nuclei in AD, and summon the rapidly increasing diagnostic window during the last few years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ágoston Patthy
- Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.P.); (J.M.); (J.H.); (A.P.); (P.Z.)
| | - János Murai
- Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.P.); (J.M.); (J.H.); (A.P.); (P.Z.)
| | - János Hanics
- Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.P.); (J.M.); (J.H.); (A.P.); (P.Z.)
- SE NAP Research Group of Experimental Neuroanatomy and Developmental Biology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Pintér
- Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.P.); (J.M.); (J.H.); (A.P.); (P.Z.)
| | - Péter Zahola
- Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.P.); (J.M.); (J.H.); (A.P.); (P.Z.)
| | - Tomas G. M. Hökfelt
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum 7D, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.G.M.H.); (T.H.)
| | - Tibor Harkany
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum 7D, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.G.M.H.); (T.H.)
- Center for Brain Research, Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alán Alpár
- Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.P.); (J.M.); (J.H.); (A.P.); (P.Z.)
- SE NAP Research Group of Experimental Neuroanatomy and Developmental Biology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
99947
|
Phillips AW, Parameswaran R, Lichter E, Jeong J, Meng L, Burke M, Koehler K, Lee YV, Tian B. Gold-Decorated Silicon Nanowire Photocatalysts for Intracellular Production of Hydrogen Peroxide. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:15490-15500. [PMID: 33779140 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c23164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays diverse biological roles, and its effects in part depend on its spatiotemporal presence, in both intra- and extracellular contexts. A full understanding of the physiological effects of H2O2 in both healthy and disease states is hampered by a lack of tools to controllably produce H2O2. Here, we address this issue by showing visible-light-induced production of exogenous H2O2 by free-standing, gold-decorated silicon nanowires internalized in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. We further show that the photocatalytic production of H2O2 is a general phenomenon of gold-silicon hybrid materials and is enhanced upon annealing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Ramya Parameswaran
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department of Biophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Emma Lichter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Junyoung Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Lingyuan Meng
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Michael Burke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Kelliann Koehler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Youjin V Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Bozhi Tian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| |
Collapse
|
99948
|
Sipe CJ, Claudio Vázquez PN, Skeate JG, McIvor RS, Moriarity BS. Targeted genome editing for the correction or alleviation of primary Immunodeficiencies. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2021; 182:111-151. [PMID: 34175040 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiencies (PID) are a growing list of unique disorders that result in a failure of the innate/adaptive immune systems to fully respond to disease or infection. PIDs are classified into five broad categories; B cell disorders, combined B and T cell disorders, phagocytic disorders, complement disorders, and disorders with recurrent fevers and inflammation. Many of these disorders, such as X-SCID, WAS, and CGD lead to early death in children if intervention is not implemented. At present, the predominant method of curative therapy remains an allogeneic transplant from a healthy donor, however many complications and limitations exist with his therapy such as availability of donors, graft vs host disease, graft rejection, and infection. More recently, gene therapy using viral based complementation vectors have successfully been implemented to functionally correct patient cells in an autologous transplant, but these methods carry significant risks, including insertional mutagenesis, and provide non-physiological gene expression. For these reasons, gene-editing reagents such as targeted nucleases, base editors (BE), and prime editors (PE) are being explored. The BE and PE tools, sometimes referred to as digital editors, are of very high interest as they provide both enhanced molecular specificity and do not rely on DNA repair pathways after DSBs to change individual base pairs or directly replace DNA sequences responsible for pathogenic phenotypes. With this in mind the purpose of this chapter is to highlight some of the most common PIDs found within the human population, discuss successes and shortcomings of previous intervention strategies, and highlight how the next generation of gene-editing tools may be deployed to directly repair the underlying genetic causes of this class of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Sipe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Patricia N Claudio Vázquez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Joseph G Skeate
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - R Scott McIvor
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Branden S Moriarity
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
99949
|
Ghavami A, Olsen M, Kwan M, Beltran J, Shea J, Ramboz S, Duan W, Lavery D, Howland D, Park LC. Transcriptional Assessment of Striatal mRNAs as Valid Biomarkers of Disease Progression in Three Mouse Models of Huntington's Disease. J Huntingtons Dis 2021; 9:13-31. [PMID: 32007959 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-190389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that prominently affects the basal ganglia, leading to affective, cognitive, behavioral, and motor decline. The primary site of neuron loss in HD is the striatal part of the basal ganglia, with GABAergic medium size spiny neurons (MSNs) being nearly completely lost in advanced HD. OBJECTIVE Based on the hypothesis that mutant huntingtin (mHTT) protein injures neurons via transcriptional dysregulation, we set out to establish a transcriptional profile of HD disease progression in the well characterized transgenic mouse model, R6/2, and two Knock-in models (KI); zQ175KI (expressing mutant mouse/human chimeric Htt protein) and HdhQ200 HET KI (carrying one allele of expanded mouse CAG repeats). METHODS In this study, we used quantitative PCR (qPCR) to evaluate striatal mRNA levels of markers of neurotransmission, neuroinflammation, and energy metabolism. RESULTS After analyzing and comparing transcripts from pre-symptomatic and symptomatic stages, markers expressed in the basal ganglia MSNs, which are typically involved in maintaining normal neurotransmission, showed a genotype-specific decrease in mRNA expression in a pattern consistent with human studies. In contrast, transcripts associated with neuroinflammation and energy metabolism were mostly unaffected in these animal models of HD. CONCLUSION Our results show that transcripts linked to neurotransmission are significantly reduced and are consistent with disease progression in both zQ175KI and R6/2 transgenic mouse models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mei Kwan
- PsychoGenics Inc., Paramus, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | - Wenzhen Duan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Neurobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Lavery
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, Inc, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - David Howland
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, Inc, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Larry C Park
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, Inc, Princeton, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
99950
|
Moosmann B, Schindeldecker M, Hajieva P. Cysteine, glutathione and a new genetic code: biochemical adaptations of the primordial cells that spread into open water and survived biospheric oxygenation. Biol Chem 2021; 401:213-231. [PMID: 31318686 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Life most likely developed under hyperthermic and anaerobic conditions in close vicinity to a stable geochemical source of energy. Epitomizing this conception, the first cells may have arisen in submarine hydrothermal vents in the middle of a gradient established by the hot and alkaline hydrothermal fluid and the cooler and more acidic water of the ocean. To enable their escape from this energy-providing gradient layer, the early cells must have overcome a whole series of obstacles. Beyond the loss of their energy source, the early cells had to adapt to a loss of external iron-sulfur catalysis as well as to a formidable temperature drop. The developed solutions to these two problems seem to have followed the principle of maximum parsimony: Cysteine was introduced into the genetic code to anchor iron-sulfur clusters, and fatty acid unsaturation was installed to maintain lipid bilayer viscosity. Unfortunately, both solutions turned out to be detrimental when the biosphere became more oxidizing after the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis. To render cysteine thiol groups and fatty acid unsaturation compatible with life under oxygen, numerous counter-adaptations were required including the advent of glutathione and the addition of the four latest amino acids (methionine, tyrosine, tryptophan, selenocysteine) to the genetic code. In view of the continued diversification of derived antioxidant mechanisms, it appears that modern life still struggles with the initially developed strategies to escape from its hydrothermal birthplace. Only archaea may have found a more durable solution by entirely exchanging their lipid bilayer components and rigorously restricting cysteine usage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Moosmann
- Evolutionary Biochemistry and Redox Medicine, Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mario Schindeldecker
- Evolutionary Biochemistry and Redox Medicine, Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Parvana Hajieva
- Cellular Adaptation Group, Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|