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Rosenbloom MH, Tartaglia MC, Forner SA, Wong KK, Kuo A, Johnson DY, Colacurcio V, Andrews BD, Miller BL, DeArmond SJ, Geschwind MD. Metabolic disorders with clinical and radiologic features of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Neurol Clin Pract 2015; 5:108-115. [PMID: 26137419 DOI: 10.1212/cpj.0000000000000114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Two patients with metabolic disorders presented with clinical and radiologic features suggestive of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD). Case 1 was a 50-year-old man with rapid decline in cognitive, behavioral, and motor function following new-onset seizures. MRI was read as consistent with CJD, and he was referred for a treatment trial, but it was determined that he recently experienced rapid correction of hyponatremia resulting in extrapontine myelinolysis. Case 2 was a 66-year-old woman with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus who was found unconscious after a suspected insulin overdose. Examination showed altered mental status and neuroimaging was remarkable for cortical/striatal hyperintensities suggestive of sCJD. On autopsy, she had hypoglycemic/hypoxic nerve cell loss. Although characteristic MRI findings have high sensitivity and specificity for sCJD, potentially reversible metabolic disorders sometimes present rapidly and can resemble sCJD both clinically and radiologically. These cases highlight the importance of establishing a broad differential diagnosis when evaluating a patient with suspected sCJD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Rosenbloom
- Center for Memory and Aging (MHR), HealthPartners Department of Neurology, St. Paul, MN; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (MCT), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Memory and Aging Center (SAF, KKW, AK, DYJ, BLM, SJD, MDG), Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Internal Medicine (VC) and Department of Neurology (BDA), Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA
| | - M Carmela Tartaglia
- Center for Memory and Aging (MHR), HealthPartners Department of Neurology, St. Paul, MN; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (MCT), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Memory and Aging Center (SAF, KKW, AK, DYJ, BLM, SJD, MDG), Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Internal Medicine (VC) and Department of Neurology (BDA), Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA
| | - Sven A Forner
- Center for Memory and Aging (MHR), HealthPartners Department of Neurology, St. Paul, MN; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (MCT), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Memory and Aging Center (SAF, KKW, AK, DYJ, BLM, SJD, MDG), Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Internal Medicine (VC) and Department of Neurology (BDA), Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA
| | - Katherine K Wong
- Center for Memory and Aging (MHR), HealthPartners Department of Neurology, St. Paul, MN; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (MCT), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Memory and Aging Center (SAF, KKW, AK, DYJ, BLM, SJD, MDG), Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Internal Medicine (VC) and Department of Neurology (BDA), Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA
| | - Amy Kuo
- Center for Memory and Aging (MHR), HealthPartners Department of Neurology, St. Paul, MN; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (MCT), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Memory and Aging Center (SAF, KKW, AK, DYJ, BLM, SJD, MDG), Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Internal Medicine (VC) and Department of Neurology (BDA), Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA
| | - David Y Johnson
- Center for Memory and Aging (MHR), HealthPartners Department of Neurology, St. Paul, MN; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (MCT), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Memory and Aging Center (SAF, KKW, AK, DYJ, BLM, SJD, MDG), Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Internal Medicine (VC) and Department of Neurology (BDA), Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA
| | - Valerie Colacurcio
- Center for Memory and Aging (MHR), HealthPartners Department of Neurology, St. Paul, MN; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (MCT), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Memory and Aging Center (SAF, KKW, AK, DYJ, BLM, SJD, MDG), Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Internal Medicine (VC) and Department of Neurology (BDA), Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA
| | - Bret D Andrews
- Center for Memory and Aging (MHR), HealthPartners Department of Neurology, St. Paul, MN; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (MCT), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Memory and Aging Center (SAF, KKW, AK, DYJ, BLM, SJD, MDG), Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Internal Medicine (VC) and Department of Neurology (BDA), Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Center for Memory and Aging (MHR), HealthPartners Department of Neurology, St. Paul, MN; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (MCT), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Memory and Aging Center (SAF, KKW, AK, DYJ, BLM, SJD, MDG), Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Internal Medicine (VC) and Department of Neurology (BDA), Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA
| | - Stephen J DeArmond
- Center for Memory and Aging (MHR), HealthPartners Department of Neurology, St. Paul, MN; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (MCT), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Memory and Aging Center (SAF, KKW, AK, DYJ, BLM, SJD, MDG), Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Internal Medicine (VC) and Department of Neurology (BDA), Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA
| | - Michael D Geschwind
- Center for Memory and Aging (MHR), HealthPartners Department of Neurology, St. Paul, MN; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (MCT), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Memory and Aging Center (SAF, KKW, AK, DYJ, BLM, SJD, MDG), Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Internal Medicine (VC) and Department of Neurology (BDA), Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA
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Minikel EV, Zerr I, Collins SJ, Ponto C, Boyd A, Klug G, Karch A, Kenny J, Collinge J, Takada LT, Forner S, Fong JC, Mead S, Geschwind MD. Ascertainment bias causes false signal of anticipation in genetic prion disease. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 95:371-82. [PMID: 25279981 PMCID: PMC4185115 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticipation is the phenomenon whereby age of onset in genetic disease decreases in successive generations. Three independent reports have claimed anticipation in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) caused by the c.598G > A mutation in PRNP encoding a p.Glu200Lys (E200K) substitution in the prion protein. If confirmed, this finding would carry clear implications for genetic counseling. We analyzed pedigrees with this mutation from four prion centers worldwide (n = 217 individuals with the mutation) to analyze age of onset and death in affected and censored individuals. We show through simulation that selective ascertainment of individuals whose onset falls within the historical window since the mutation's 1989 discovery is sufficient to create robust false signals both of anticipation and of heritability of age of onset. In our data set, the number of years of anticipation observed depends upon how strictly the data are limited by the ascertainment window. Among individuals whose disease was directly observed at a study center, a 28-year difference between parent and child age of onset is observed (p = 0.002), but including individuals ascertained retrospectively through family history reduces this figure to 7 years (p = 0.005). Applying survival analysis to the most thoroughly ascertained subset of data eliminates the signal of anticipation. Moreover, even non-CJD deaths exhibit 16 years anticipation (p = 0.002), indicating that ascertainment bias can entirely explain observed anticipation. We suggest that reports of anticipation in genetic prion disease are driven entirely by ascertainment bias. Guidelines for future studies claiming statistical evidence for anticipation are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Vallabh Minikel
- Prion Alliance, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Inga Zerr
- National Reference Center for TSE, Georg-August University, 37073 Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (DZNE), 37073 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Steven J Collins
- Australian National Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Registry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia 3010
| | - Claudia Ponto
- National Reference Center for TSE, Georg-August University, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Alison Boyd
- Australian National Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Registry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia 3010
| | - Genevieve Klug
- Australian National Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Registry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia 3010
| | - André Karch
- National Reference Center for TSE, Georg-August University, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Joanna Kenny
- MRC Prion Unit, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, and NHS National Prion Clinic, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG London, UK
| | - John Collinge
- MRC Prion Unit, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, and NHS National Prion Clinic, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG London, UK
| | - Leonel T Takada
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sven Forner
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jamie C Fong
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Simon Mead
- MRC Prion Unit, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, and NHS National Prion Clinic, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG London, UK
| | - Michael D Geschwind
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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