51
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Furst L, Narayanam JMR, Stephenson CRJ. Total Synthesis of (+)-Gliocladin C Enabled by Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201103145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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52
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Reddy KKS, Rao BV, Raju SS. A common approach to pyrrolizidine and indolizidine alkaloids; formal synthesis of (−)-isoretronecanol, (−)-trachelanthamidine and an approach to the synthesis of (−)-5-epitashiromine and (−)-tashiromine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2011.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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53
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Fu JH, Wang ZY, Yang K, Mao CX. (S)-3-Chloro-4-(4-ethyl-piperazin-1-yl)-5-[(1R,2S,5R)-2-isopropyl-5-methyl-cyclo-hex-yloxy]furan-2(5H)-one. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2010; 66:o2022. [PMID: 21588333 PMCID: PMC3007345 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536810026929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The title compound, C(20)H(33)ClN(2)O(3), was obtained via a tandem asymmetric Michael addition-elimination reaction of 3,4-dichloro-5-(S)-(l-menth-yloxy)furan-2(5H)-one and 1-ethyl-piperazine in the presence of potassium fluoride. The mol-ecular structure contains an approximately planar five-membered furan-one ring [maximum atomic deviation = 0.024 (2) Å] and two six-membered rings adopting chair conformations. Weak inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonding is present in the crystal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Fu
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Yang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao-Xu Mao
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
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54
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Ishikawa S, Noguchi F, Kamimura A. Asymmetric Synthesis of 2-Alkyl-Substituted 2,5-Dihydropyrroles from Optically Active Aza-Baylis−Hillman Adducts. Formal Synthesis of (−)-Trachelanthamidine. J Org Chem 2010; 75:3578-86. [DOI: 10.1021/jo100315j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Ishikawa
- Department of Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube 755-8611, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Noguchi
- Department of Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube 755-8611, Japan
| | - Akio Kamimura
- Department of Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube 755-8611, Japan
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55
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Jahjah R, Gassama A, Bulach V, Suzuki C, Abe M, Hoffmann N, Martinez A, Nuzillard JM. Stereoselective Triplet-Sensitised Radical Reactions of Furanone Derivatives. Chemistry 2010; 16:3341-54. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200903045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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56
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Gassama A, Ernenwein C, Hoffmann N. Photochemical key steps in the synthesis of surfactants from furfural-derived intermediates. CHEMSUSCHEM 2009; 2:1130-1137. [PMID: 19806633 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.200900150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Furfural is oxidized to 2[5H]-furanone by using hydrogen peroxide or to 5-hydroxy-2[5H]-furanone by using photo-oxygenation. An amine function is introduced by photochemically induced radical addition of tertiairy amines, some of which carry an n-alkyl side chain as hydrophobic moiety. These amines are produced from fatty aldehydes and cyclic secondary amines. The resulting adducts are transformed into amphoteric surfactants possessing an ammonium and a carboxylate function. Amphoteric (pK(N) and isoelectric point) and surfactant properties such as the critical micelle concentration and the adsorption efficiency are determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoulaye Gassama
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR 6229 CNRS et Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, Cedex 02, France
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57
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Olivella S, Solé A, Lledó A, Ji Y, Verdaguer X, Suau R, Riera A. Theoretical and experimental studies on the mechanism of norbornadiene Pauson-Khand cycloadducts photorearrangement. Is there a pathway on the excited singlet potential energy surface? J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:16898-907. [PMID: 19053466 DOI: 10.1021/ja802666v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The intermolecular Pauson-Khand reaction (PKR), a carbonylative cycloaddition between an alkyne and an alkene, is a convenient method to prepare cyclopentenones. Using norbornadiene as alkene, a myriad of tricyclo[5.2.1.0(2,6)]deca-4,8-dien-3-ones 1 can be easily prepared. The mechanism of the photochemical rearrangement of these adducts 1 into tricyclo[5.2.1.0(2,6)]deca-3,8-dien-10-ones 2 has been studied. The ground state (S(0)) and the three lowest excited states ((3)(pi pi*), (1)(n pi*), and (3)(n pi*)) potential energy surfaces (PESs) concerning the prototypical rearrangement of 1a (the cycloadduct of the PK carbonylative cycloaddition of norbornadiene and ethyne) to 2a have been thoroughly explored by means of CASSCF and CASPT2 calculations. From this study, two possible nonadiabatic pathways for the photochemical rearrangement arise: one starting on the (3)(pi pi*) PES and the other on the (1)(n pi*) PES. Both involve initial C-C gamma-bond cleavage of the enone, which leads to the formation of a bis-allyl or an allyl-butadienyloxyl diradical, respectively, that then decays to the S(0) PES through a (3)(pi pi*)/S(0) surface crossing or a (1)(n pi*)/S(0) conical intersection, each one lying in the vicinity of the corresponding diradical minimum. Once on the S(0) PES, the ring-closure to 2a occurs with virtually no energy barrier. The viability of both pathways was experimentally studied by means of triplet sensitization and quenching studies on the photorearrangement of the substituted Pauson-Khand cycloadduct 1b (R = TMS, R' = H) to 2b. Using high concentrations of either piperylene as a triplet quencher, or benzophenone as a triplet sensitizer, the reaction rate significantly slowed down. A Stern-Volmer type plot of product 2b concentration vs triplet quencher concentration showed an excellent linear correlation, thus indicating that only one excited state is involved in the photorearrangement. We conclude that, though there is a nonadiabatic pathway starting on the (1)(n pi*) PES, the reaction product is formed through the (3)(pi pi*) state because the energy barrier involved in the initial C-C gamma-bond cleavage of the enone is much lower in the (3)(pi pi*) PES than in the (1)(n pi*) PES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Olivella
- Institut d'Investigacions Quimiques i Ambientals de Barcelona, CSIC, Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034-Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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58
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Hoffmann N. Efficient photochemical electron transfer sensitization of homogeneous organic reactions. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2008.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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59
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Hoffmann
- Laboratoire des Réactions Sélectives et Applications, UMR 6519 CNRS et Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, F-51687 Reims, Cedex 02, France
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60
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Oertling H, Reckziegel A, Surburg H, Bertram HJ. Applications of menthol in synthetic chemistry. Chem Rev 2007; 107:2136-64. [PMID: 17488063 DOI: 10.1021/cr068409f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Oertling
- Symrise GmbH & Co. KG, Mühlenfeldstrasse 1, D-37603 Holzminden, Germany.
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61
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Fagnoni M, Dondi D, Ravelli D, Albini A. Photocatalysis for the Formation of the C−C Bond. Chem Rev 2007; 107:2725-56. [PMID: 17530909 DOI: 10.1021/cr068352x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 570] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Fagnoni
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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62
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Cossy J, Belotti D. Generation of ketyl radical anions by photoinduced electron transfer (PET) between ketones and amines. Synthetic applications. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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63
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64
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Wessig
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
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65
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Kabata M, Suzuki T, Takabe K, Yoda H. SmI2-Promoted novel tandem elimination and coupling reactions of aliphatic imides with carbonyl compounds: application to the synthesis of dl-isoretronecanol. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.12.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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66
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Harakat D, Pesch J, Marinković S, Hoffmann N. Thiocarbonyl compounds as regulating reagent in the radical addition of tertiary amines with alkenes using photoelectron transfer conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:1202-5. [PMID: 16557304 DOI: 10.1039/b600220j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The efficiency of the photoinduced radical addition of tertiary amines to olefinic double bonds is significantly enhanced and the stereoselectivity is influenced when thiocarbonyl compounds are added to the reaction mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Harakat
- Laboratoire des Réactions Sélectives et Applications, UMR CNRS et Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, F-51687 Reims, cedex 02, France
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67
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68
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Bauer A, Westkämper F, Grimme S, Bach T. Catalytic enantioselective reactions driven by photoinduced electron transfer. Nature 2005; 436:1139-40. [PMID: 16121176 DOI: 10.1038/nature03955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2005] [Accepted: 06/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Photoinduced electron transfer is an essential step in the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy in photosystems I and II (ref. 1), and is also frequently used by chemists to build complex molecules from simple precursors. During this process, light absorption generates molecules in excited electronic states that are susceptible to accepting or donating electrons. But although the excited states are straightforward to generate, their short lifetimes makes it challenging to control electron transfer and subsequent product formation-particularly if enantiopure products are desired. Control strategies developed so far use hydrogen bonding, to embed photochemical substrates in chiral environments and to render photochemical reactions enantioselective through the use of rigid chiral complexing agents. To go beyond such stoichiometric chiral information transmission, catalytic turnover is required. Here we present a catalytic photoinduced electron transfer reaction that proceeds with considerable turnover and high enantioselectivity. By using an electron accepting chiral organocatalyst that enforces a chiral environment on the substrate through hydrogen bonding, we obtain the product in significant enantiomeric excess (up to 70%) and in yields reaching 64%. This performance suggests that photochemical routes to chiral compounds may find use in general asymmetric synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bauer
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie I, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
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69
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Dieter RK, Chen N, Watson RT. Copper mediated scalemic organolithium reagents in alkaloid syntheses. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.01.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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70
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71
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Marinković S, Brulé C, Hoffmann N, Prost E, Nuzillard JM, Bulach V. Origin of Chiral Induction in Radical Reactions with the Diastereoisomers (5R)- and (5S)-5-l-Menthyloxyfuran-2[5H]-one. J Org Chem 2004; 69:1646-51. [PMID: 14987024 DOI: 10.1021/jo030292x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Acetalization of 5-hydroxyfuran-2[5H]-one with l-menthol yields (5R)- (1) and (5S)-5-l-menthyloxyfuran-2[5H]-one (2) in equal amounts. The diastereomer 1 crystallizes preferentially. For the first time, the isolation of pure diastereoisomer 2 is reported. Different diastereoselectivities were observed in the radical tandem reaction of 1 and 2 with N,N-dimethylaniline. The privileged conformations in solution of the substrates and the products of the radical reaction were then determined, and X-ray crystal structure analyses were carried out on the reaction products. The different stereoselectivities in both cases are explained by different orientations of the menthyloxy substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinisa Marinković
- Laboratoire des Réactions Sélectives et Applications, UMR (6519) CNRS et Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, F-51687 Reims, Cedex 2, France
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72
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Hoffmann N, Görner H. Photoinduced electron transfer from N-methylpyrrolidine to ketones and radical addition to an electron-deficient alkene. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2003.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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73
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Structure and reactivity of hydrocarbon radical cations. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3160(03)38002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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74
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Stereoselective intermolecular addition of ketyl radicals generated from ketones by photoinduced electron transfer. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)02089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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75
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Garcı́a Ruano JL, Bercial F, Fraile A, Martı́n Castro AM, Martı́n M. Stereoselectivity control in Diels–Alder reactions of 4-thiosubstituted 5-alkoxyfuranones: synthesis and reactivity of enantiopure 4-sulfinyl and sulfonyl 5-(l-menthyloxy)furan-2(5H)-ones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(00)00471-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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