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Selenium Exposure and Cancer Risk: an Updated Meta-analysis and Meta-regression. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19213. [PMID: 26786590 PMCID: PMC4726178 DOI: 10.1038/srep19213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between selenium exposure and cancer risk. We identified 69 studies and applied meta-analysis, meta-regression and dose-response analysis to obtain available evidence. The results indicated that high selenium exposure had a protective effect on cancer risk (pooled OR = 0.78; 95%CI: 0.73-0.83). The results of linear and nonlinear dose-response analysis indicated that high serum/plasma selenium and toenail selenium had the efficacy on cancer prevention. However, we did not find a protective efficacy of selenium supplement. High selenium exposure may have different effects on specific types of cancer. It decreased the risk of breast cancer, lung cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, and prostate cancer, but it was not associated with colorectal cancer, bladder cancer, and skin cancer.
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Jablonska E, Raimondi S, Gromadzinska J, Reszka E, Wieczorek E, Krol MB, Smok-Pieniazek A, Nocun M, Stepnik M, Socha K, Borawska MH, Wasowicz W. DNA damage and oxidative stress response to selenium yeast in the non-smoking individuals: a short-term supplementation trial with respect to GPX1 and SEPP1 polymorphism. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:2469-2484. [PMID: 26658762 PMCID: PMC5122617 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Selenium, both essential and toxic element, is considered to protect against cancer, though human supplementation trials have generated many inconsistent data. Genetic background may partially explain a great variability of the studies related to selenium and human health. The aim of this study was to assess whether functional polymorphisms within two selenoprotein-encoding genes modify the response to selenium at the level of oxidative stress, DNA damage, and mRNA expression, especially in the individuals with a relatively low selenium status. Methods The trial involved 95 non-smoking individuals, stratified according to GPX1 rs1050450 and SEPP1 rs3877899 genotypes, and supplemented with selenium yeast (200 µg) for 6 weeks. Blood was collected at four time points, including 4 weeks of washout. Results After genotype stratification, the effect of GPX1 rs1050450 on lower GPx1 activity responsiveness was confirmed; however, in terms of DNA damage, we failed to indicate that individuals homozygous for variant allele may especially benefit from the increased selenium intake. Surprisingly, considering gene and time interaction, GPX1 polymorphism was observed to modify the level of DNA strand breaks during washout, showing a significant increase in GPX1 wild-type homozygotes. Regardless of the genotype, selenium supplementation was associated with a selectively suppressed selenoprotein mRNA expression and inconsistent changes in oxidative stress response, indicating for overlapped, antioxidant, and prooxidant effects. Intriguingly, DNA damage was not influenced by supplementation, but it was significantly increased during washout. Conclusions These results point to an unclear relationship between selenium, genotype, and DNA damage. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00394-015-1118-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Jablonska
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, St. Teresy 8 Street, 91-348, Lodz, Poland.
| | - S Raimondi
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, Milan, Italy
| | - J Gromadzinska
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, St. Teresy 8 Street, 91-348, Lodz, Poland
| | - E Reszka
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, St. Teresy 8 Street, 91-348, Lodz, Poland
| | - E Wieczorek
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, St. Teresy 8 Street, 91-348, Lodz, Poland
| | - M B Krol
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, St. Teresy 8 Street, 91-348, Lodz, Poland
| | - A Smok-Pieniazek
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, St. Teresy 8 Street, 91-348, Lodz, Poland
| | - M Nocun
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, St. Teresy 8 Street, 91-348, Lodz, Poland
| | - M Stepnik
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, St. Teresy 8 Street, 91-348, Lodz, Poland
| | - K Socha
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D Street, 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - M H Borawska
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D Street, 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - W Wasowicz
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, St. Teresy 8 Street, 91-348, Lodz, Poland
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Tarrado-Castellarnau M, Cortés R, Zanuy M, Tarragó-Celada J, Polat IH, Hill R, Fan TWM, Link W, Cascante M. Methylseleninic acid promotes antitumour effects via nuclear FOXO3a translocation through Akt inhibition. Pharmacol Res 2015; 102:218-34. [PMID: 26375988 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Selenium supplement has been shown in clinical trials to reduce the risk of different cancers including lung carcinoma. Previous studies reported that the antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activities of methylseleninic acid (MSA) in cancer cells could be mediated by inhibition of the PI3K pathway. A better understanding of the downstream cellular targets of MSA will provide information on its mechanism of action and will help to optimize its use in combination therapies with PI3K inhibitors. For this study, the effects of MSA on viability, cell cycle, metabolism, apoptosis, protein and mRNA expression, and reactive oxygen species production were analysed in A549 cells. FOXO3a subcellular localization was examined in A549 cells and in stably transfected human osteosarcoma U2foxRELOC cells. Our results demonstrate that MSA induces FOXO3a nuclear translocation in A549 cells and in U2OS cells that stably express GFP-FOXO3a. Interestingly, sodium selenite, another selenium compound, did not induce any significant effects on FOXO3a translocation despite inducing apoptosis. Single strand break of DNA, disruption of tumour cell metabolic adaptations, decrease in ROS production, and cell cycle arrest in G1 accompanied by induction of apoptosis are late events occurring after 24h of MSA treatment in A549 cells. Our findings suggest that FOXO3a is a relevant mediator of the antiproliferative effects of MSA. This new evidence on the mechanistic action of MSA can open new avenues in exploiting its antitumour properties and in the optimal design of novel combination therapies. We present MSA as a promising chemotherapeutic agent with synergistic antiproliferative effects with cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Míriam Tarrado-Castellarnau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB) and CSIC-Associated Unit, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Roldán Cortés
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB) and CSIC-Associated Unit, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Miriam Zanuy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB) and CSIC-Associated Unit, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Josep Tarragó-Celada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB) and CSIC-Associated Unit, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ibrahim H Polat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB) and CSIC-Associated Unit, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Richard Hill
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, Building 8, Room 2.22, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, United Kingdom.
| | - Teresa W M Fan
- Department of Toxicology, Markey Cancer Center and Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry (CESB), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Wolfgang Link
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, Building 8, Room 2.22, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - Marta Cascante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB) and CSIC-Associated Unit, Barcelona, Spain.
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Diet and Skin Cancer: The Potential Role of Dietary Antioxidants in Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Prevention. J Skin Cancer 2015; 2015:893149. [PMID: 26583073 PMCID: PMC4637095 DOI: 10.1155/2015/893149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common cancer among Americans. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure is the major risk factor for the development of NMSC. Dietary AOs may prevent free radical-mediated DNA damage and tumorigenesis secondary to UV radiation. Numerous laboratory studies have found that certain dietary AOs show significant promise in skin cancer prevention. These results have been substantiated by animal studies. In human studies, researchers have evaluated both oral AO supplements and dietary intake of AOs via whole foods. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of AOs in preventing tumorigenesis and outline four targeted dietary AOs. We review the results of research evaluating oral AOs supplements as compared to dietary AOs intake via whole foods. While these specific supplements have not shown efficacy, intake of AOs via consumption of whole foods has shown some promise. Lessons learned from the field of hypertension research may provide important guidance in future study design. Further research on the role of dietary AOs in the prevention of NMSC is warranted and should focus on intake via whole food consumption.
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Denlinger CS, Ligibel JA, Are M, Baker KS, Demark-Wahnefried W, Dizon D, Friedman DL, Goldman M, Jones L, King A, Ku GH, Kvale E, Langbaum TS, Leonardi-Warren K, McCabe MS, Melisko M, Montoya JG, Mooney K, Morgan MA, Moslehi JJ, O'Connor T, Overholser L, Paskett ED, Peppercorn J, Raza M, Rodriguez MA, Syrjala KL, Urba SG, Wakabayashi MT, Zee P, McMillian NR, Freedman-Cass DA. Survivorship: nutrition and weight management, Version 2.2014. Clinical practice guidelines in oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2015; 12:1396-406. [PMID: 25313179 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2014.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Healthy lifestyle habits have been associated with improved health outcomes and quality of life and, for some cancers, a reduced risk of recurrence and death. The NCCN Guidelines for Survivorship therefore recommend that cancer survivors be encouraged to achieve and maintain a healthy lifestyle, including attention to weight management, physical activity, and dietary habits. This section of the NCCN Guidelines focuses on recommendations regarding nutrition, weight management, and supplement use in survivors. Weight management recommendations are based on the survivor's body mass index and include discussions of nutritional, weight management, and physical activity principles, with referral to community resources, dietitians, and/or weight management programs as needed.
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Seale LA, Gilman CL, Hashimoto AC, Ogawa-Wong AN, Berry MJ. Diet-induced obesity in the selenocysteine lyase knockout mouse. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:761-74. [PMID: 26192035 PMCID: PMC4589310 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Selenocysteine lyase (Scly) mediates selenocysteine decomposition. It was previously demonstrated that, upon adequate caloric intake (12% kcal fat) and selenium deficiency, disruption of Scly in mice leads to development of metabolic syndrome. In this study, we investigate the effect of a high-fat (45% kcal) selenium-adequate diet in Scly knockout (KO) mice on development of metabolic syndrome. Involvement of selenoproteins in energy metabolism after Scly disruption was also examined in vitro in the murine hepatoma cell line, Hepa1-6, following palmitate treatment. RESULTS Scly KO mice were more susceptible to diet-induced obesity than their wild-type counterparts after feeding a high-fat selenium-adequate diet. Scly KO mice had aggravated hyperinsulinemia, hypercholesterolemia, glucose, and insulin intolerance, but unchanged inflammatory cytokines and expression of most selenoproteins, except increased serum selenoprotein P (Sepp1). Scly KO mice also exhibited enhanced hepatic levels of pyruvate and enzymes involved in the regulation of pyruvate cycling, such as pyruvate carboxylase (Pcx) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (Pdh). However, in vitro silencing of Scly in Hepa1-6 cells led to diminished Sepp1 expression, and concomitant palmitate treatment decreased Pdh expression. INNOVATION The role of selenium in lipid metabolism is recognized, but specific selenium-dependent mechanisms leading to obesity are unclear. This study uncovers that Scly has a remarkable effect on obesity and metabolic syndrome development triggered by high-fat exposure, independent of the expression of most selenoproteins. CONCLUSION Diet-induced obesity in Scly KO mice is aggravated, with effects on pyruvate levels and consequent activation of energy metabolism independent of selenoprotein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia A Seale
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Christy L Gilman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Ann C Hashimoto
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Ashley N Ogawa-Wong
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Marla J Berry
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
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Elkhattouti A, Hassan M, Gomez CR. Stromal Fibroblast in Age-Related Cancer: Role in Tumorigenesis and Potential as Novel Therapeutic Target. Front Oncol 2015; 5:158. [PMID: 26284191 PMCID: PMC4515566 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Incidence of most common cancers increases with age due to accumulation of damage to cells and tissues. Stroma, the structure close to the basement membrane, is gaining increased attention from clinicians and researchers due to its increasingly, yet incompletely understood role in the development of age-related cancer. With advanced age, stroma generates a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment, exemplified by the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Components of the SASP, such as cytokines, chemokines, and high energy metabolites are main drivers of age-related cancer initiation and sustain its progression. Our purpose is to provide insight into the mechanistic role of the stroma, with particular emphasis on stromal fibroblasts, on the development of age-related tumors. We also present evidence of the potential of the stroma as target for tumor therapy. Likewise, a rationale for age-related antitumor therapy targeting the stroma is presented. We expect to foster debate on the underlining basis of age-related cancer pathobiology. We also would like to promote discussion on novel stroma-based anticancer therapeutic strategies tailored to treat the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed Hassan
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, MS , USA
| | - Christian R Gomez
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, MS , USA ; Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, MS , USA ; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, MS , USA
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Selenium and chronic diseases: a nutritional genomics perspective. Nutrients 2015; 7:3621-51. [PMID: 25988760 PMCID: PMC4446770 DOI: 10.3390/nu7053621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic data have revealed a key role for selenium (Se) and selenoproteins in biological pathways known to be altered in multifactorial diseases, such as cellular maintenance, response to oxidative stress and correct protein folding. Although epidemiological studies indicate that low Se intake is linked to increased risk for various chronic diseases, supplementation trials have given confusing outcomes, suggesting that additional genetic factors could affect the relationship between Se and health. Genetic data support this hypothesis, as risk for several chronic diseases, in particular cancer, was linked to a number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) altering Se metabolism, selenoprotein synthesis or activity. Interactions between SNPs in selenoprotein genes, SNPs in related molecular pathways and biomarkers of Se status were found to further modulate the genetic risk carried by the SNPs. Taken together, nutritional genomics approaches uncovered the potential implication of some selenoproteins as well as the influence of complex interactions between genetic variants and Se status in the aetiology of several chronic diseases. This review discusses the results from these genetic associations in the context of selenoprotein functions and epidemiological investigations and emphasises the need to assess in future studies the combined contribution of Se status, environmental stress, and multiple or individual SNPs to disease risk.
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Abstract
This review aims to illustrate the importance of selenium (Se) for maintenance of overall health, especially for the thyroid, immunity, and homeostasis. Furthermore, it outlines the role of Se in reproduction and in virology and discusses the effects of Se supplementation in critical illness. The multifaceted aspects of this essential nutrient have attracted worldwide clinical and research interest in the last few decades. Se exerts its activity in the form of the aminoacid selenocysteine incorporated in selenoproteins. The impact of Se administration should be considered in relation to its apparent U shaped effects, i.e., exhibiting major advantages in Se-deficient individuals but specific health risks in those with Se excess. Addition of selenium to the administration of levothyroxine may be useful in patients with low Se intake and with mild-form or early-stage Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Serum Se concentration (possibly also at tissue level) decreases in inflammatory conditions and may vary with the severity and duration of the inflammatory process. In such cases, the effect of Se supplementation seems to be useful and rational. Meanwhile, Se's ability to improve the activity of T cells and the cytotoxicity of natural killer cells could render it effective in viral disease. However, the evidence, and this should be stressed, is at present conflicting as to whether Se supplementation is of benefit in patients with HT, though there are indications that it is advantageous in cases of mild/moderate Graves' Orbitopathy. The role of Se in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is ambiguous, driven by both Se intake and serum levels. The evidence that insulin and glycaemia influence the transport and activity of Se, via regulatory activity on selenoproteins, and that high serum Se may have a diabetogenic effect suggests a 'Janus-effect' of Se in T2DM. Though the evidence is not as yet clear-cut, the organic form (selenomethionine), due to its pharmacokinetics, is likely to be more advantageous in long-term prevention, and supplementation efforts, while the inorganic form (sodium selenite) has proven effective in an acute, e.g., sepsis, clinical setting. Recent data indicate that functional selenoprotein single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may interfere with Se utilization and effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonidas H Duntas
- Unit of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Evgenidion Hospital, University of Athens, School of Medicine, 20 Papadiamantopoulou St, 115 28, Athens, Greece,
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Jain RB, Choi YS. Normal reference ranges for and variability in the levels of blood manganese and selenium by gender, age, and race/ethnicity for general U.S. population. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 30:142-52. [PMID: 25596656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for the period 2011-2012 were used to determine normal reference ranges and percentile distributions for manganese (Mn) and selenium (Se) in blood by gender, age, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status as determined by annual family income, and smoking status. The effect of gender, age, race/ethnicity, family income, and smoking status on the levels of Mn and Se was also determined by fitting regression models. Males had lower adjusted levels of Mn and higher adjusted levels of Se than females. Adjusted levels of Mn decreased with increase in age but adjusted levels of Se were lower in adolescents aged 12-19 years than adults aged 20-64 years. Non-Hispanic black (NHB) had the lowest levels of both Mn and Se and non-Hispanic Asians (NHAS) had the highest levels of both Mn and Se. Non-Hispanic white (NHW) and NHB had lower levels of Mn than Hispanics (HISP) and NHAS. NHB and HISP had lower levels of Se than NHW and NHAS. Low annual income (<$20,000) was associated with lower levels of Se than high annual income (≥$55,000). Smoking negatively affected the adjusted levels of Se among seniors aged ≥65 years but this was not observed in other age groups. Mn levels were not affected by smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram B Jain
- Womack Army Medical Center, Fort Bragg, NC, USA; Empiristat, Inc., Mount Airy, MD, USA.
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Beane Freeman LE, Karagas MR, Baris D, Schwenn M, Johnson AT, Colt JS, Jackson B, Hosain GMM, Cantor KP, Silverman DT. Is the inverse association between selenium and bladder cancer due to confounding by smoking? Am J Epidemiol 2015; 181:488-95. [PMID: 25776013 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwu324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium has been linked to a reduced risk of bladder cancer in some studies. Smoking, a well-established risk factor for bladder cancer, has been associated with lower selenium levels in the body. We investigated the selenium-bladder cancer association in subjects from Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont in the New England Bladder Cancer Case-Control Study. At interview (2001-2005), participants provided information on a variety of factors, including a comprehensive smoking history, and submitted toenail samples, from which we measured selenium levels. We estimated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals among 1,058 cases and 1,271 controls using logistic regression. After controlling for smoking, we saw no evidence of an association between selenium levels and bladder cancer (for fourth quartile vs. first quartile, odds ratio (OR) = 0.98, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.77, 1.25). When results were restricted to regular smokers, there appeared to be an inverse association (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.58, 0.99); however, when pack-years of smoking were considered, this association was attenuated (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.68, 1.20), indicating potential confounding by smoking. Despite some reports of an inverse association between selenium and bladder cancer overall, our results, combined with an in-depth evaluation of other studies, suggested that confounding from smoking intensity or duration could explain this association. Our study highlights the need to carefully evaluate the confounding association of smoking in the selenium-bladder cancer association.
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Abstract
Today, obesity is considered an epidemic all over the world and it is recognized as one of the major public health problems. Bariatric surgery is considered an appropriate therapeutic option for obesity with progressively increasing demands. The changes resulting from massive weight loss after bariatric surgery are related to numerous complications. This article will present the dermatological alterations that can be found after bariatric surgery. They will be subdivided into dermatoses that are secondary to metabolic and nutritional disorders, those derived from cutaneous structural modifications after major weight loss and the influence the latter may have in improving of certain dermatoses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magda Blessmann Weber
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto
Alegre (UFCSPA) – Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil
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The effect on selenium concentrations of a randomized intervention with fish and mussels in a population with relatively low habitual dietary selenium intake. Nutrients 2015; 7:608-24. [PMID: 25599275 PMCID: PMC4303857 DOI: 10.3390/nu7010608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium status of the Danish population is below that assumed optimal for the suggested protective effects against chronic diseases, including certain cancers. Fish and shellfish are important dietary sources of selenium in Denmark. We investigated the effect of increased fish and mussel intake on selenium blood concentrations in a population with relatively low habitual dietary selenium intake. We randomly assigned 102 healthy men and women (all non-smokers) aged 48–76 years to an intervention group (n = 51) or a control group (n = 51). Intervention participants received 1000 g fish and mussels/week for 26 weeks (~50 μg selenium/day). Controls received no intervention. Non-fasting blood samples were taken and whole blood selenium was determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and plasma selenoprotein P (SelP) was determined by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to ICP-MS. All available observations were included in linear multiple regression analysis to evaluate the effect of the intervention. The difference in mean change for intervention compared with control persons was 14.9 ng/mL (95% CI: 10.2, 19.7) for whole blood selenium, and 7.0 ng/mL (95% CI: 3.1, 10.9) for plasma SelP (Weeks 0–26). Selenium concentrations were significantly increased after 26 weeks of intervention, albeit to a lower degree than expected.
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64
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Zhu X, Jiang M, Song E, Jiang X, Song Y. Selenium deficiency sensitizes the skin for UVB-induced oxidative damage and inflammation which involved the activation of p38 MAPK signaling. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 75:139-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Błażewicz A, Klatka M, Astel A, Korona-Glowniak I, Dolliver W, Szwerc W, Kocjan R. Serum and urinary selenium levels in obese children: a cross-sectional study. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 29:116-22. [PMID: 25194955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine serum and urinary selenium (Se) levels in children with and without obesity, and to assess if Se influences the risk of obesity. SUBJECTS AND METHODS High-resolution-continuum source-atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-AAS) was used to determine the content of Se in 80 children (age 6-17; 40 boys, 40 girls). Correlations between variables were tested with the use of Spearman's correlation coefficient. U Mann-Whitney test was applied to assess the difference of Se contents in samples. Measured metabolic risk factors (blood pressure, glucose level, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and total cholesterol), age, gender, and BMI were correlated. Logistic regression models were fitted to identify predictors of obesity interacting with selenium content in serum and urine, separately. RESULTS Obese children, regardless of gender, had lower Se content. Se level in serum (p=0.001, OR 0.74, 95%CI 0.62-0.88) and total cholesterol (p=0.001, OR 1.19, 95%CI 1.08-1.31) were the independent factors significantly influencing the risk of obesity in children. Two separate models were observed for Se in urine: (i) Se level (p<0. 0001, OR 0.70, 95%CI 0.58-0.84) and glucose level (p<0.0001, OR 1.22, 95%CI 1.10-1.35), and (ii) Se level (p=0.002, OR 0.60 95%CI 0.43-0.83) and total cholesterol level (p=0.003, OR 1.16, 95%CI 1.05-1.28). CONCLUSION The current study suggests a possible role of Se in obesity. Further research needs to be performed to check if obese children are an at-risk group for Se deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Błażewicz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.
| | - Maria Klatka
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksander Astel
- Pomeranian University, Biology and Environmental Protection Institute, Environmental Chemistry Research Unit, Słupsk, Poland
| | | | - Wojciech Dolliver
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Szwerc
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Ryszard Kocjan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
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O’Grady TJ, Kitahara CM, DiRienzo AG, Gates MA. The association between selenium and other micronutrients and thyroid cancer incidence in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110886. [PMID: 25329812 PMCID: PMC4203851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium is an essential trace element that is important for thyroid hormone metabolism and has antioxidant properties which protect the thyroid gland from oxidative stress. The association of selenium, as well as intake of other micronutrients, with thyroid cancer is unclear. METHODS We evaluated associations of dietary selenium, beta-carotene, calcium, vitamin D, vitamin C, vitamin E, folate, magnesium, and zinc intake with thyroid cancer risk in the National Institutes of Health - American Association of Retired Persons Diet and Health Study, a large prospective cohort of 566,398 men and women aged 50-71 years in 1995-1996. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine associations between dietary intake of micronutrients, assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, and thyroid cancer cases, ascertained by linkage to state cancer registries and the National Death Index. RESULTS With the exception of vitamin C, which was associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer (HR(Q5 vs Q1), 1.34; 95% CI, 1.02-1.76; P(trend), <0.01), we observed no evidence of an association between quintile of selenium (HR(Q5 vs Q1), 1.23; 95% CI, 0.92-1.65; P(trend), 0.26) or other micronutrient intake and thyroid cancer. CONCLUSION Our study does not suggest strong evidence for an association between dietary intake of selenium or other micronutrients and thyroid cancer risk. More studies are needed to clarify the role of selenium and other micronutrients in thyroid carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. O’Grady
- University at Albany, School of Public Health, Rensselaer, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Cari M. Kitahara
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - A. Gregory DiRienzo
- University at Albany, School of Public Health, Rensselaer, New York, United States of America
| | - Margaret A. Gates
- University at Albany, School of Public Health, Rensselaer, New York, United States of America
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Abstract
Over the past two decades there has been a growing acceptance of 'integrative oncology', also known as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), in cancer care and research at academic medical centres and medical schools. Proponents of integrative oncology argue that it is based in science and provides the 'best of both worlds' by combining science-based treatments and 'holistic' medicine. However, a close examination of the methodologies indicates that, from a standpoint of basic science, the vast majority of 'integrative' treatments are supported by little, if any, scientific evidence. What are the consequences of this integration? Is there any harm? Are there any potential benefits?
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Arsenyan P, Paegle E, Domracheva I, Gulbe A, Kanepe-Lapsa I, Shestakova I. Selenium analogues of raloxifene as promising antiproliferative agents in treatment of breast cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 87:471-83. [PMID: 25282270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic protocols for the preparation of selenium analogues of raloxifene were elaborated. General aim of the current research is to improve the positive impact of selenium atom introduction in drug design. Antiproliferative activity on CCL-8 (mouse sarcoma), MDA-MB-435s (human melanoma), MES-SA (human uterus sarcoma), MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma), HT-1080 (human fibrosarcoma), MG-22A (mouse hepatoma) tumor cell lines, and normal cell line NIH 3T3 (mouse fibroblasts) was studied. Influence of aminoethoxy "tail" and benzoyl group position on SAR was discussed. Results of in vivo studies on BALB/c female mice with 4T1 cell induced breast cancer model showed that selenium analogue of raloxifene is able to suppress estrogen-depending tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Arsenyan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Edgars Paegle
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ilona Domracheva
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Anita Gulbe
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Iveta Kanepe-Lapsa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Irina Shestakova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
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